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Khalid US, Asghar H, Hameed H, Sohail M, Khalil A, Ahmed R, Umar ZA, Iqbal J, Baig MA. Q-switched pulse operation in erbium-doped fiber laser subject to zirconia (ZrO 2) nanoparticles-based saturable absorber. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24478. [PMID: 38298682 PMCID: PMC10828679 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles-based saturable-absorber (SA) have been incorporated in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity for achieving a Q-switched pulse operation. The implementation of the zirconia nanoparticles-based powder on the fiber facet was accomplished using the index-matching gel's adhesion effect. The incorporation of SA in the laser cavity yielded a stable and self-starting Q-switched operation under 19.36 mW pump power that corresponded to the emission wavelength of 1557.29 nm. Additionally, it was observed that the EDFL's emission wavelength tuned from 1557.29 nm to 1562.3 nm , and the repetition rates and pulse width ranged from 61.2 to 130 kHz and 7.9 to 3.6 μs, respectively, as the pump power was increased from 19.36 to 380.16 mW. Measured experimental results reveal that at a maximum pump power of 380.16 mW, the maximum average output power, peak power, and pulse energy were noticed to be 1.17 mW, 2.5 mW, and 9 nJ, respectively. A 52 dB suppression in side bands was found at a pump power of 380.16 mW. Moreover, the stability and threshold tolerance of the EDFL has also been discussed in detail. These findings suggest that nanoparticle-based saturable absorbers have potential applications in a pulsed source, making it easier to implement in fiber cavity-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Sayyab Khalid
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Asghar
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Hameed
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Adnan Khalil
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeshan A. Umar
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - M. Aslam Baig
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Hou S, Yu Y, Liu W, Yan P, Yang J. Photonic device combined optical microfiber coupler with saturable-absorption materials and its application in mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:20526-20534. [PMID: 34266140 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a mode-locked fiber laser based on a novel photonic device that combined optical microfiber coupler (OMC) and saturable absorption materials. The stable ultrafast laser was formed based on the interaction between the deposited Indium Antimonide (InSb) and the evanescent field on OMC. Different from optical microfiber (OM), OMC can directly output the mode-locked laser without additional beam splitting devices, which further improves the integrated characteristics of the fiber laser. The pulse duration of the output pulse is 405 fs at the central wavelength of 1560 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that optical microfiber coupler based saturable absorber (OMC-SA) for mode-locked fiber laser is demonstrated.
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Cheng P, Du Y, Han M, Shu X. Mode-locked and Q-switched mode-locked fiber laser based on a ferroferric-oxide nanoparticles saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:13177-13186. [PMID: 32403797 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated an ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on ferroferric-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as a saturable absorber (SA). The investigated SA was based on magnetic fluid deposited on the end face of a fiber ferrule connector. When the SA was inserted into an EDFL cavity, a stable 2.93 ps mode-locked pulse can be achieved by adjusting the intra-cavity polarization controller. The pulse had a central wavelength of 1572.39 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.39 nm. We also obtained Q-switched mode-locked pulses at 1593.4 nm. The repetition frequency and the temporal width of the Q-switched pulse envelope varied with the pump power. When the pump power reached 225 mW, the maximum average output power and the pulse envelope energy were up to 4.51 mW and 235.5 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that mode-locked and Q-switched mode-locked pulses have been obtained in a fiber laser based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
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Zhang H, Peng J, Yang X, Ma C, Zhao Q, Chen G, Su X, Li D, Zheng Y. Passively Q-switched Nd:YVO 4 laser operating at 1.3 µm with a graphene oxide and ferroferric-oxide nanoparticle hybrid as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:1741-1745. [PMID: 32225681 DOI: 10.1364/ao.383013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A self-made saturable absorber (SA) based on hybridized graphene oxide (GO) and ${{\rm Fe}_{3}}{{\rm O}_{4}}$Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FONP) was inserted into a linear cavity to generate a passively $ Q $Q-switched solid-state ${\rm Nd}\text:{{\rm YVO}_4}$Nd:YVO4 laser operating at the 1.3 µm waveband. The laser had a minimum pulse width of 163 ns and a maximum repetition rate of 314 kHz. This experiment, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to demonstrate that hybridized GO and FONP (GO-FONP) can be used as an SA in passively $ Q $Q-switched pulse lasers. Results show that GO-FONP has the potential to be used for passively $ Q $Q-switched laser generation.
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Wang H, Zhao F, Yan Z, Hu X, Zhou K, Zhang T, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhang L, Sun C. Excessively tilted fiber grating based Fe 3O 4 saturable absorber for passively mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15693-15700. [PMID: 31163762 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to saturable absorber (SA) formation is presented by taking advantage of the mode coupling property of excessively tilted fiber grating (Ex-TFG). Stable mode-locked operation can be conveniently achieved based on the interaction between Ex-TFG coupled light and deposited ferroferric-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The central wavelength, bandwidth and single pulse duration of the output are 1595 nm, 4.05 nm, and 912 fs, respectively. The fiber laser exhibits good long-term stability with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 67 dB. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, Ex-TFG based Fe3O4 SA for mode-locked fiber laser is demonstrated.
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Guo Q, Pan J, Li D, Shen Y, Han X, Gao J, Man B, Zhang H, Jiang S. Versatile Mode-Locked Operations in an Er-Doped Fiber Laser with a Film-Type Indium Tin Oxide Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050701. [PMID: 31060316 PMCID: PMC6567301 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of versatile mode-locked operations in an Er-doped fiber laser with an indium tin oxide (ITO) saturable absorber (SA). As an epsilon-near-zero material, ITO has been only used to fashion a mode-locked fiber laser as an ITO nanoparticle-polyvinyl alcohol SA. However, this type of SA cannot work at high power or ensure that the SA materials can be transmitted by the light. Thus, we covered the end face of a fiber with a uniform ITO film using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology to fabricate a novel ITO SA. Using this new type of SA, single-wavelength pulses, dual-wavelength pulses, and triple-wavelength multi-pulses were achieved easily. The pulse durations of these mode-locked operations were 1.67, 6.91, and 1 ns, respectively. At the dual-wavelength mode-locked state, the fiber laser could achieve an output power of 2.91 mW and a pulse energy of 1.48 nJ. This study reveals that such a proposed film-type ITO SA has excellent nonlinear absorption properties, which can promote the application of ITO film for ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jie Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Dengwang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing and Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yiming Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xile Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jinjuan Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Baoyuan Man
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Huanian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Shouzhen Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Al-Hayali SKM, Mohammed DZ, Khaleel WA, Al-Janabi AH. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles as saturable absorber for C-band passively Q-switched fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:4720-4726. [PMID: 29047607 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.004720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) as a saturable absorber (SA) for passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operating at a wavelength of 1560.6 nm within the C-band region. A thin film of Al2O3-SA was prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a host polymer. Very stable pulses with a 57.8 KHz repetition rate and 5.6 μs pulse width at a threshold pump power of 158 mW were obtained. A 2.8 μs pulse width, 81 kHz pulse repetition rate, with maximum pulse energy of 56.7 nJ at a diode pump power of 330 mW were recorded. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a Al2O3-based SA has been used to generate a Q-switched EDFL.
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