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Zafar M, Manwar R, Avanaki K. Miniaturized preamplifier integration in ultrasound transducer design for enhanced photoacoustic imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3054-3057. [PMID: 38824326 DOI: 10.1364/ol.512445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) utilizes the photoacoustic effect to record both vascular and functional characteristics of a biological tissue. Photoacoustic signals have typically low amplitude that cannot be read efficiently by data acquisition systems. This necessitates the use of one or more amplifiers. These amplifiers are somewhat bulky (e.g., the ZFL-500LN+, Mini-Circuits, USA, or 351A-3-50-NI, Analog Modules Inc., USA). Here, we describe the fabrication and development process of a transducer with a built-in low-noise preamplifier that is encased within the transducer housing. This new, to the best of our knowledge, design could be advantageous for applications where a compact transducer + preamplifier is required. We demonstrate the performance of this compact detection unit in a laser scanning photoacoustic microscopy system by imaging a rat ear ex vivo and a rat brain vasculature in vivo.
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2
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Jiang D, Zhu L, Tong S, Shen Y, Gao F, Gao F. Photoacoustic imaging plus X: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11513. [PMID: 38156064 PMCID: PMC10753847 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) represents an emerging modality within the realm of biomedical imaging technology. It seamlessly blends the wealth of optical contrast with the remarkable depth of penetration offered by ultrasound. These distinctive features of PAI hold tremendous potential for various applications, including early cancer detection, functional imaging, hybrid imaging, monitoring ablation therapy, and providing guidance during surgical procedures. The synergy between PAI and other cutting-edge technologies not only enhances its capabilities but also propels it toward broader clinical applicability. Aim The integration of PAI with advanced technology for PA signal detection, signal processing, image reconstruction, hybrid imaging, and clinical applications has significantly bolstered the capabilities of PAI. This review endeavor contributes to a deeper comprehension of how the synergy between PAI and other advanced technologies can lead to improved applications. Approach An examination of the evolving research frontiers in PAI, integrated with other advanced technologies, reveals six key categories named "PAI plus X." These categories encompass a range of topics, including but not limited to PAI plus treatment, PAI plus circuits design, PAI plus accurate positioning system, PAI plus fast scanning systems, PAI plus ultrasound sensors, PAI plus advanced laser sources, PAI plus deep learning, and PAI plus other imaging modalities. Results After conducting a comprehensive review of the existing literature and research on PAI integrated with other technologies, various proposals have emerged to advance the development of PAI plus X. These proposals aim to enhance system hardware, improve imaging quality, and address clinical challenges effectively. Conclusions The progression of innovative and sophisticated approaches within each category of PAI plus X is positioned to drive significant advancements in both the development of PAI technology and its clinical applications. Furthermore, PAI not only has the potential to integrate with the above-mentioned technologies but also to broaden its applications even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohuai Jiang
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangqing Tong
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
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Gubbi MR, Assis F, Chrispin J, Bell MAL. Deep learning in vivo catheter tip locations for photoacoustic-guided cardiac interventions. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11505. [PMID: 38076439 PMCID: PMC10704189 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance Interventional cardiac procedures often require ionizing radiation to guide cardiac catheters to the heart. To reduce the associated risks of ionizing radiation, photoacoustic imaging can potentially be combined with robotic visual servoing, with initial demonstrations requiring segmentation of catheter tips. However, typical segmentation algorithms applied to conventional image formation methods are susceptible to problematic reflection artifacts, which compromise the required detectability and localization of the catheter tip. Aim We describe a convolutional neural network and the associated customizations required to successfully detect and localize in vivo photoacoustic signals from a catheter tip received by a phased array transducer, which is a common transducer for transthoracic cardiac imaging applications. Approach We trained a network with simulated photoacoustic channel data to identify point sources, which appropriately model photoacoustic signals from the tip of an optical fiber inserted in a cardiac catheter. The network was validated with an independent simulated dataset, then tested on data from the tips of cardiac catheters housing optical fibers and inserted into ex vivo and in vivo swine hearts. Results When validated with simulated data, the network achieved an F 1 score of 98.3% and Euclidean errors (mean ± one standard deviation) of 1.02 ± 0.84 mm for target depths of 20 to 100 mm. When tested on ex vivo and in vivo data, the network achieved F 1 scores as large as 100.0%. In addition, for target depths of 40 to 90 mm in the ex vivo and in vivo data, up to 86.7% of axial and 100.0% of lateral position errors were lower than the axial and lateral resolution, respectively, of the phased array transducer. Conclusions These results demonstrate the promise of the proposed method to identify photoacoustic sources in future interventional cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardava R. Gubbi
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Fabrizio Assis
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Computer Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Salinas CM, Reichel E, Gupta A, Witte RS. Heavy water coupling gel for short-wave infrared photoacoustic imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:116001. [PMID: 38078156 PMCID: PMC10704084 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.11.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance Changes in lipid, water, and collagen (LWC) content in tissue are associated with numerous medical abnormalities (cancer, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease). Standard imaging modalities are limited in resolution, specificity, and/or penetration for quantifying these changes. Short-wave infrared (SWIR) photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has the potential to overcome these challenges by exploiting the unique optical absorption properties of LWC > 1000 nm . Aim This study's aim is to harness SWIR PAI for mapping LWC changes in tissue. The focus lies in devising a reflection-mode PAI technique that surmounts current limitations related to SWIR light delivery. Approach To enhance light delivery for reflection-mode SWIR PAI, we designed a deuterium oxide (D 2 O , "heavy water") gelatin (HWG) interface for opto-acoustic coupling, intended to significantly improve light transmission above 1200 nm. Results HWG permits light delivery > 1 mJ up to 1850 nm, which was not possible with water-based coupling (> 1 mJ light delivery up to 1350 nm). PAI using the HWG interface and the Visualsonics Vevo LAZR-X reveals a signal increase up to 24 dB at 1720 nm in lipid-rich regions. Conclusions By overcoming barriers related to light penetration, the HWG coupling interface enables accurate quantification/monitoring of biomarkers like LWC using reflection-mode PAI. This technological stride offers potential for tracking changes in chronic diseases (in vivo) and evaluating their responses to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Reichel
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Abhiman Gupta
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Russell S. Witte
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Medical Imaging, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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John S, Hester S, Basij M, Paul A, Xavierselvan M, Mehrmohammadi M, Mallidi S. Niche preclinical and clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging with endogenous contrast. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100533. [PMID: 37636547 PMCID: PMC10448345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has attracted a great deal of popularity as an emergent diagnostic technology owing to its successful demonstration in both preclinical and clinical arenas by various academic and industrial research groups. Such steady growth of PA imaging can mainly be attributed to its salient features, including being non-ionizing, cost-effective, easily deployable, and having sufficient axial, lateral, and temporal resolutions for resolving various tissue characteristics and assessing the therapeutic efficacy. In addition, PA imaging can easily be integrated with the ultrasound imaging systems, the combination of which confers the ability to co-register and cross-reference various features in the structural, functional, and molecular imaging regimes. PA imaging relies on either an endogenous source of contrast (e.g., hemoglobin) or those of an exogenous nature such as nano-sized tunable optical absorbers or dyes that may boost imaging contrast beyond that provided by the endogenous sources. In this review, we discuss the applications of PA imaging with endogenous contrast as they pertain to clinically relevant niches, including tissue characterization, cancer diagnostics/therapies (termed as theranostics), cardiovascular applications, and surgical applications. We believe that PA imaging's role as a facile indicator of several disease-relevant states will continue to expand and evolve as it is adopted by an increasing number of research laboratories and clinics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel John
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott Hester
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Maryam Basij
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Avijit Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Mehrmohammadi
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Christie LB, Zheng W, Johnson W, Marecki EK, Heidrich J, Xia J, Oh KW. Review of imaging test phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:080903. [PMID: 37614568 PMCID: PMC10442662 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic tomography has emerged as a prominent medical imaging technique that leverages its hybrid nature to provide deep penetration, high resolution, and exceptional optical contrast with notable applications in early cancer detection, functional brain imaging, drug delivery monitoring, and guiding interventional procedures. Test phantoms are pivotal in accelerating technology development and commercialization, specifically in photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and can be optimized to achieve significant advancements in PA imaging capabilities. Aim The analysis of material properties, structural characteristics, and manufacturing methodologies of test phantoms from existing imaging technologies provides valuable insights into their applicability to PA imaging. This investigation enables a deeper understanding of how phantoms can be effectively employed in the context of PA imaging. Approach Three primary categories of test phantoms (simple, intermediate, and advanced) have been developed to differentiate complexity and manufacturing requirements. In addition, four sub-categories (tube/channel, block, test target, and naturally occurring phantoms) have been identified to encompass the structural variations within these categories, resulting in a comprehensive classification system for test phantoms. Results Based on a thorough examination of literature and studies on phantoms in various imaging modalities, proposals have been put forth for the development of multiple PA-capable phantoms, encompassing considerations related to the material composition, structural design, and specific applications within each sub-category. Conclusions The advancement of novel and sophisticated test phantoms within each sub-category is poised to foster substantial progress in both the commercialization and development of PA imaging. Moreover, the continued refinement of test phantoms will enable the exploration of new applications and use cases for PA imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam B. Christie
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Wenhan Zheng
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Optical and Ultrasonic Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - William Johnson
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Eric K. Marecki
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - James Heidrich
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jun Xia
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Optical and Ultrasonic Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab, Electrical Engineering, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Lafci B, Hadjihambi A, Determann M, Konstantinou C, Freijo C, Herraiz JL, Blümel S, Pellerin L, Burton NC, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Multimodal assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with transmission-reflection optoacoustic ultrasound. Theranostics 2023; 13:4217-4228. [PMID: 37554280 PMCID: PMC10405839 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term referring to a group of conditions associated to fat deposition and damage of liver tissue. Early detection of fat accumulation is essential to avoid progression of NAFLD to serious pathological stages such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: We exploited the unique capabilities of transmission-reflection optoacoustic ultrasound (TROPUS), which combines the advantages of optical and acoustic contrasts, for an early-stage multi-parametric assessment of NAFLD in mice. Results: The multispectral optoacoustic imaging allowed for spectroscopic differentiation of lipid content, as well as the bio-distributions of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in liver tissues in vivo. The pulse-echo (reflection) ultrasound (US) imaging further provided a valuable anatomical reference whilst transmission US facilitated the mapping of speed of sound changes in lipid-rich regions, which was consistent with the presence of macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in the NAFLD livers examined with ex vivo histological staining. Conclusion: The proposed multimodal approach facilitates quantification of liver abnormalities at early stages using a variety of optical and acoustic contrasts, laying the ground for translating the TROPUS approach toward diagnosis and monitoring NAFLD in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkan Lafci
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Madita Determann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christos Konstantinou
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Freijo
- Nuclear Physics Group and IPARCOS, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin L. Herraiz
- Nuclear Physics Group and IPARCOS, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sena Blümel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Inserm U1313, Université et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Silwal A, Upadhyay A, Shakya G, Inzunza-Ibarra M, Murray T, Ding X, Borden MA. Photoacoustic Vaporization of Endoskeletal Droplets Loaded with Zinc Naphthalocyanine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:168-176. [PMID: 36524827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vaporizable endoskeletal droplets are solid hydrocarbons in liquid fluorocarbon droplets in which melting of the hydrocarbon phase leads to the vaporization of the fluorocarbon phase. In prior work, vaporization of the endoskeletal droplets was achieved thermally by heating the surrounding aqueous medium. In this work, we introduce a near-infrared (NIR) optically absorbing naphthalocyanine dye (zinc 2,11,20,29-tetra-tert-butyl-2,3-naphthalocynanine) into the solid hydrocarbon (eicosane, n-C20H42) core of liquid fluorocarbon (C5F12) drops suspended in an aqueous medium. Droplets with a uniform diameter of 11.7 ± 0.7 μm were formed using a flow-focusing microfluidic device. The solid hydrocarbon formed a crumpled spherical structure within the liquid fluorocarbon droplet. The photoactivation behavior of these dye-containing endoskeletal droplets was investigated using NIR laser irradiation. When exposed to a pulsed laser of 720 nm wavelength, the dye-containing droplets vaporized at an average laser fluence of 65 mJ/cm2, whereas blank droplets without the dye did not vaporize at any fluence up to 100 mJ/cm2. Furthermore, dye-loaded droplets with a smaller, polydisperse size distribution were prepared using a simple shaking method and studied in a flow phantom for their photoacoustic signal and ultrasound contrast imaging. These results demonstrate that dye-containing endoskeletal droplets can be made to vaporize by externally applied optical energy. Such droplets may be useful for a variety of photoacoustic applications for sensing, imaging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Silwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Awaneesh Upadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Gazendra Shakya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Marco Inzunza-Ibarra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Todd Murray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Biomaterial Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Biomaterial Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Mark A Borden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
- Biomaterial Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
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9
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Zhao T, Pham TT, Baker C, Ma MT, Ourselin S, Vercauteren T, Zhang E, Beard PC, Xia W. Ultrathin, high-speed, all-optical photoacoustic endomicroscopy probe for guiding minimally invasive surgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4414-4428. [PMID: 36032566 PMCID: PMC9408236 DOI: 10.1364/boe.463057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy has shown significant potential for clinical diagnosis and surgical guidance. Multimode fibres (MMFs) are becoming increasingly attractive for the development of miniature endoscopy probes owing to their ultrathin size, low cost and diffraction-limited spatial resolution enabled by wavefront shaping. However, current MMF-based PA endomicroscopy probes are either limited by a bulky ultrasound detector or a low imaging speed that hindered their usability. In this work, we report the development of a highly miniaturised and high-speed PA endomicroscopy probe that is integrated within the cannula of a 20 gauge medical needle. This probe comprises a MMF for delivering the PA excitation light and a single-mode optical fibre with a plano-concave microresonator for ultrasound detection. Wavefront shaping with a digital micromirror device enabled rapid raster-scanning of a focused light spot at the distal end of the MMF for tissue interrogation. High-resolution PA imaging of mouse red blood cells covering an area 100 µm in diameter was achieved with the needle probe at ∼3 frames per second. Mosaicing imaging was performed after fibre characterisation by translating the needle probe to enlarge the field-of-view in real-time. The developed ultrathin PA endomicroscopy probe is promising for guiding minimally invasive surgery by providing functional, molecular and microstructural information of tissue in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Truc Thuy Pham
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Baker
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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10
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Bouma B, de Boer J, Huang D, Jang I, Yonetsu T, Leggett C, Leitgeb R, Sampson D, Suter M, Vakoc B, Villiger M, Wojtkowski M. Optical coherence tomography. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:79. [PMID: 36751306 PMCID: PMC9901537 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact method for imaging the topological and internal microstructure of samples in three dimensions. OCT can be configured as a conventional microscope, as an ophthalmic scanner, or using endoscopes and small diameter catheters for accessing internal biological organs. In this Primer, we describe the principles underpinning the different instrument configurations that are tailored to distinct imaging applications and explain the origin of signal, based on light scattering and propagation. Although OCT has been used for imaging inanimate objects, we focus our discussion on biological and medical imaging. We examine the signal processing methods and algorithms that make OCT exquisitely sensitive to reflections as weak as just a few photons and that reveal functional information in addition to structure. Image processing, display and interpretation, which are all critical for effective biomedical imaging, are discussed in the context of specific applications. Finally, we consider image artifacts and limitations that commonly arise and reflect on future advances and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.E. Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering and Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author:
| | - J.F. de Boer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - I.K. Jang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T. Yonetsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - C.L. Leggett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R. Leitgeb
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - D.D. Sampson
- School of Physics and School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - M. Suter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B. Vakoc
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Wojtkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and International Center for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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11
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Huang J, Wiacek A, Kempski KM, Palmer T, Izzi J, Beck S, Lediju Bell MA. Erratum: Empirical assessment of laser safety for photoacoustic-guided liver surgeries: erratum. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7049-7050. [PMID: 34858698 PMCID: PMC8606152 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 1205 in vol. 12, PMID: 33796347.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alycen Wiacek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kelley M. Kempski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
| | - Theron Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jessica Izzi
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sarah Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
| | - Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA
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Xia J, Lediju Bell MA, Laufer J, Yao J. Translational Photoacoustic Imaging for Disease Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Surgical Guidance: introduction to the feature issue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4115-4118. [PMID: 34457402 PMCID: PMC8367276 DOI: 10.1364/boe.430421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This feature issue of Biomedical Optics Express covered all aspects of translational photoacoustic research. Application areas include screening and diagnosis of diseases, imaging of disease progression and therapeutic response, and image-guided treatment, such as surgery, drug delivery, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy. The feature issue also covers relevant developments in photoacoustic instrumentation, contrast agents, image processing and reconstruction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jan Laufer
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Annular Fiber Probe for Interstitial Illumination in Photoacoustic Guidance of Radiofrequency Ablation. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134458. [PMID: 34209996 PMCID: PMC8271966 DOI: 10.3390/s21134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unresectable liver tumors are commonly treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, this technique is associated with high recurrence rates due to incomplete tumor ablation. Accurate image guidance of the RFA procedure contributes to successful ablation, but currently used imaging modalities have shortcomings in device guidance and treatment monitoring. We explore the potential of using photoacoustic (PA) imaging combined with conventional ultrasound (US) imaging for real-time RFA guidance. To overcome the low penetration depth of light in tissue, we have developed an annular fiber probe (AFP), which can be inserted into tissue enabling interstitial illumination of tissue. The AFP is a cannula with 72 optical fibers that allows an RFA device to slide through its lumen, thereby enabling PA imaging for RFA device guidance and ablation monitoring. We show that the PA signal from interstitial illumination is not affected by absorber-to-surface depth compared to extracorporeal illumination. We also demonstrate successful imaging of the RFA electrodes, a blood vessel mimic, a tumor-mimicking phantom, and ablated liver tissue boundaries in ex vivo chicken and bovine liver samples. PA-assisted needle guidance revealed clear needle tip visualization, a notable improvement to current US needle guidance. Our probe shows potential for RFA device guidance and ablation detection, which potentially aids in real-time monitoring.
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Wiacek A, Lediju Bell MA. Photoacoustic-guided surgery from head to toe [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2079-2117. [PMID: 33996218 PMCID: PMC8086464 DOI: 10.1364/boe.417984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging-the combination of optics and acoustics to visualize differences in optical absorption - has recently demonstrated strong viability as a promising method to provide critical guidance of multiple surgeries and procedures. Benefits include its potential to assist with tumor resection, identify hemorrhaged and ablated tissue, visualize metal implants (e.g., needle tips, tool tips, brachytherapy seeds), track catheter tips, and avoid accidental injury to critical subsurface anatomy (e.g., major vessels and nerves hidden by tissue during surgery). These benefits are significant because they reduce surgical error, associated surgery-related complications (e.g., cancer recurrence, paralysis, excessive bleeding), and accidental patient death in the operating room. This invited review covers multiple aspects of the use of photoacoustic imaging to guide both surgical and related non-surgical interventions. Applicable organ systems span structures within the head to contents of the toes, with an eye toward surgical and interventional translation for the benefit of patients and for use in operating rooms and interventional suites worldwide. We additionally include a critical discussion of complete systems and tools needed to maximize the success of surgical and interventional applications of photoacoustic-based technology, spanning light delivery, acoustic detection, and robotic methods. Multiple enabling hardware and software integration components are also discussed, concluding with a summary and future outlook based on the current state of technological developments, recent achievements, and possible new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycen Wiacek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Computer Science, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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