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Grishin OV, Shushunova NA, Bratashov DN, Prikhozhdenko ES, Verkhovskii RA, Kozlova AA, Abdurashitov AS, Sindeeva OA, Karavaev AS, Kulminskiy DD, Shashkov EV, Inozemtseva OA, Tuchin VV. Effect of pulsed laser parameters on photoacoustic flow cytometry efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Cytometry A 2023; 103:868-880. [PMID: 37455600 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic flow cytometry is one of the most effective approaches to detect "alien" objects in the bloodstream, including circulating tumor cells, blood clots, parasites, and emboli. However, the possibility of detecting high-amplitude signals from these objects against the background of blood depends on the parameters of the laser pulse. So, the dependencies of photoacoustic signals amplitude and number on laser pulse energy (5-150 μJ), pulse length (1, 2, 5 ns), and pulse repetition rate (2, 5, 10 kHz) for the melanoma cells were investigated. First, the PA responses of a melanoma cell suspension in vitro were measured to directly assess the efficiency of converting laser light into an acoustic signal. After it, the same dependence with the developed murine model based on constant rate melanoma cell injection into the animal blood flow was tested. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments show that signal generation efficiency increases with laser pulse energy above 15 μJ. Shorter pulses, especially 1 ns, provide more efficient signal generation as well as higher pulse rates. A higher pulse rate also provides more efficient signal generation, but also leads to overheating of the skin. The results show the limits where the photoacoustic flow cytometry system can be effectively used for the detection of circulating tumor cells in undiluted blood both for in vitro experiments and for in vivo murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Grishin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arkady S Abdurashitov
- A.V. Zelmann Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Sindeeva
- A.V. Zelmann Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly S Karavaev
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics Modeling, Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Danil D Kulminskiy
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics Modeling, Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
- Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shashkov
- Pico-Femtoseconds Laser Laboratory, Photoelectronics Department, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Valery V Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC "Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Saratov, Russia
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Moscow, Russia
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Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable and low-toxic silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have potential in different biomedical applications. Previous experimental studies revealed the efficiency of some types of SiNPs in tumor hyperthermia. To analyse the feasibility of employing SiNPs produced by the laser ablation of silicon nanowire arrays in water and ethanol as agents for laser tumor hyperthermia, we numerically simulated effects of heating a millimeter-size nodal basal-cell carcinoma with embedded nanoparticles by continuous-wave laser radiation at 633 nm. Based on scanning electron microscopy data for the synthesized SiNPs size distributions, we used Mie theory to calculate their optical properties and carried out Monte Carlo simulations of light absorption inside the tumor, with and without the embedded nanoparticles, followed by an evaluation of local temperature increase based on the bioheat transfer equation. Given the same mass concentration, SiNPs obtained by the laser ablation of silicon nanowires in ethanol (eSiNPs) are characterized by smaller absorption and scattering coefficients compared to those synthesized in water (wSiNPs). In contrast, wSiNPs embedded in the tumor provide a lower overall temperature increase than eSiNPs due to the effect of shielding the laser irradiation by the highly absorbing wSiNPs-containing region at the top of the tumor. Effective tumor hyperthermia (temperature increase above 42 °C) can be performed with eSiNPs at nanoparticle mass concentrations of 3 mg/mL and higher, provided that the neighboring healthy tissues remain underheated at the applied irradiation power. The use of a laser beam with the diameter fitting the size of the tumor allows to obtain a higher temperature contrast between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues compared to the case when the beam diameter exceeds the tumor size at the comparable power.
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