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Kalashnikov DA, Alagappan G, Hu T, Lim N, Leong V, Png CE, Krivitsky LA. Tuning of silicon nitride micro-cavities by controlled nanolayer deposition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15074. [PMID: 36064960 PMCID: PMC9445027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of single-photon emitters (SPEs) with resonant photonic structures is a promising approach for realizing compact and efficient single-photon sources for quantum communications, computing, and sensing. Efficient interaction between the SPE and the photonic cavity requires that the cavity's resonance matches the SPE's emission line. Here we demonstrate a new method for tuning silicon nitride (Si3N4) microring cavities via controlled deposition of the cladding layers. Guided by numerical simulations, we deposit silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanolayers onto Si3N4 ridge structures in steps of 50 nm. We show tuning of the cavity resonance exceeding a free spectral range (FSR) of 3.5 nm without degradation of the quality-factor (Q-factor) of the cavity. We then complement this method with localized laser heating for fine-tuning of the cavity. Finally, we verify that the cladding deposition does not alter the position and spectral properties of nanoparticles placed on the cavity, which suggests that our method can be useful for integrating SPEs with photonic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Kalashnikov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Gandhi Alagappan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Ting Hu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Nelson Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Victor Leong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ching Eng Png
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Leonid A Krivitsky
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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2
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Rao A, Moille G, Lu X, Westly DA, Sacchetto D, Geiselmann M, Zervas M, Papp SB, Bowers J, Srinivasan K. Towards integrated photonic interposers for processing octave-spanning microresonator frequency combs. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:109. [PMID: 34039954 PMCID: PMC8155053 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcombs-optical frequency combs generated in microresonators-have advanced tremendously in the past decade, and are advantageous for applications in frequency metrology, navigation, spectroscopy, telecommunications, and microwave photonics. Crucially, microcombs promise fully integrated miniaturized optical systems with unprecedented reductions in cost, size, weight, and power. However, the use of bulk free-space and fiber-optic components to process microcombs has restricted form factors to the table-top. Taking microcomb-based optical frequency synthesis around 1550 nm as our target application, here, we address this challenge by proposing an integrated photonics interposer architecture to replace discrete components by collecting, routing, and interfacing octave-wide microcomb-based optical signals between photonic chiplets and heterogeneously integrated devices. Experimentally, we confirm the requisite performance of the individual passive elements of the proposed interposer-octave-wide dichroics, multimode interferometers, and tunable ring filters, and implement the octave-spanning spectral filtering of a microcomb, central to the interposer, using silicon nitride photonics. Moreover, we show that the thick silicon nitride needed for bright dissipative Kerr soliton generation can be integrated with the comparatively thin silicon nitride interposer layer through octave-bandwidth adiabatic evanescent coupling, indicating a path towards future system-level consolidation. Finally, we numerically confirm the feasibility of operating the proposed interposer synthesizer as a fully assembled system. Our interposer architecture addresses the immediate need for on-chip microcomb processing to successfully miniaturize microcomb systems and can be readily adapted to other metrology-grade applications based on optical atomic clocks and high-precision navigation and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Rao
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, MD, USA.
| | - Gregory Moille
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, MD, USA
| | - Daron A Westly
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Davide Sacchetto
- Ligentec, EPFL Innovation Park, Batiment C, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Zervas
- Ligentec, EPFL Innovation Park, Batiment C, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Scott B Papp
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - John Bowers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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3
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Eshaghian Dorche A, Wei B, Raman C, Adibi A. High-quality-factor microring resonator for strong atom-light interactions using miniature atomic beams. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5958-5961. [PMID: 33137040 DOI: 10.1364/ol.404331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An integrated photonic platform is proposed for strong interactions between atomic beams and annealing-free high-quality-factor (Q) microresonators. We fabricated a thin-film, air-clad SiN microresonator with a loaded Q of 1.55×106 around the optical transition of 87Rb at 780 nm. This Q is achieved without annealing the devices at high temperatures, enabling future fully integrated platforms containing optoelectronic circuitry. The estimated single-photon Rabi frequency (2g) is 2π×64MHz 100 nm above the resonator. Our simulation result indicates that miniature atomic beams with a longitudinal speed of 0.2 m/s to 30 m/s will interact strongly with our resonator, allowing for the detection of single-atom transits and realization of scalable single-atom photonic devices. Interactions between racetrack resonators and thermal atomic beams are also simulated.
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4
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Fang Y, Bao C, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhang L, Huang H, Ren Y, Pan Z, Yue Y. Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Si 3N 4/SiO 2 Horizontal Slot Waveguides for On-Chip High-Power Applications. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102862. [PMID: 32443543 PMCID: PMC7287709 DOI: 10.3390/s20102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an Si3N4/SiO2 horizontal-slot-waveguide-based polarization beam splitter (PBS) with low nonlinearity for on-chip high-power systems. The coupling length ratio between the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes (LTE/LTM) was optimized to 2 for an efficient polarization splitting. For the single-slot design, the coupling length of the PBS was 281.5 μm, while the extinction ratios (ER) of the quasi-TM and quasi-TE modes were 23.9 dB and 20.8 dB, respectively. Compared to PBS based on the Si3N4 strip waveguide, the coupling length became 22.6% shorter. The proposed PBSs also had a relatively good fabrication tolerance for an ER of >20 dB. For the multi-slot design, the coupling length of the PBS was 290.3 μm, while the corresponding ER of the two polarizations were 24.0 dB and 21.0 dB, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the tradeoff between the ER and coupling length for the optimized PBSs with single slot or multiple slots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Fang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Changjing Bao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.B.); (H.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yange Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.B.); (H.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yongxiong Ren
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (C.B.); (H.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Zhongqi Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA;
| | - Yang Yue
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhang M, Hu G, Zhang S, Gao D, Sun Y, Wang F. Gain characteristics of the hybrid slot waveguide amplifiers integrated with NaYF 4:Er 3+ NPs-PMMA covalently linked nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11148-11155. [PMID: 35495328 PMCID: PMC9050472 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Waveguide amplifiers based on slot waveguide have enormous capacity due to their ability to confine light strongly to a narrow slot waveguide. NaYF4:Er3+ nanoparticles-polymeric methyl methacrylate covalently linked nanocomposites were synthesized and filled into the slot. The stability and the Er3+ concentration doped in this novel material were improved. The slot waveguide was designed accurately. The rigorous numerical method, full-vector finite difference method, was used to analyze the modal characteristics and optimize the slot combined with the maximum power confinement in the slot and the minimum effective mode area of the slot. A four-level spectroscopic model pumped at 1480 nm was presented. The rate equations and propagation equations were solved and the gain characteristics of the slot waveguide amplifier were numerically simulated. The primary parameters were optimized. A net gain of 5.78 dB was achieved when the signal power was 0.001 mW at 1530 nm, pump power was 20 mW, Er3+ concentration was 1.3 × 1027 m-3, and the waveguide length was 1.5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China +86 4318516 8097
| | - Guijun Hu
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China +86 4318516 8097
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Dingshan Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yadong Sun
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China +86 4318516 8097
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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6
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Frigg A, Boes A, Ren G, Abdo I, Choi DY, Gees S, Mitchell A. Low loss CMOS-compatible silicon nitride photonics utilizing reactive sputtered thin films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37795-37805. [PMID: 31878554 DOI: 10.1364/oe.380758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature deposition of low loss silicon nitride (SiN) thin-films is very attractive as it opens opportunities for realization of multi-layer photonic chips and hybrid integration of optical waveguides with temperature sensitive platforms such as processed CMOS silicon electronics or lithium niobate on insulator. So far, the most common low-temperature deposition technique for SiN is plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), however such SiN thin-films can suffer from significant losses at C-band wavelengths due to unwanted hydrogen bonds. In this contribution we present a back end of line (< 400°C), low loss SiN platform based on reactive sputtering for telecommunication applications. Waveguide losses of 0.8 dB/cm at 1550 nm and as low as 0.6 dB/cm at 1580 nm have been achieved for moderate confined waveguides which appear to be limited by patterning rather than material. These findings show that reactive sputtered SiN thin-films can have lower optical losses compared to PECVD SiN thin-films, and thus show promise for future hybrid integration platforms for applications such as high Q resonators, optical filters and delay lines for optical signal processing.
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7
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Mia MB, Jaidye N, Kim S. Extremely high dispersions in heterogeneously coupled waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:10426-10437. [PMID: 31052902 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a heterogeneously coupled Si/SiO2/SiN waveguide structure that can achieve extremely high dispersions (> | ± 107| ps · nm-1km-1). A strong mode coupling between the Si and SiN waveguides introduces a normal dispersion to symmetric mode and an anomalous dispersion to anti-symmetric mode, and the large group velocity difference between the two waveguides results in such high dispersions. Geometric parameters of the structure control the peak dispersions and the central wavelength of the mode coupling, and these engineering capabilities are studied numerically. Analytical representations on the heterogeneously coupled waveguides are also introduced and these equations explain the effects of geometric parameters. This extremely dispersive waveguide scheme can be constructed with other material combinations as well and should be of interest in ultrafast signal processing and spectroscopic applications.
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8
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Zhai S, Feng J, Sun X, Akimoto R, Zeng H. Vertically integrated waveguide self-coupled resonator based tunable optical filter. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3766-3769. [PMID: 30067675 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A vertically integrated waveguide self-coupled resonator based tunable optical filter was demonstrated. Unlike the conventional U-bend self-coupled waveguide structure, a top-layer S-bend waveguide was cross-coupled with the racetrack resonator on a bottom layer. The different waveguide coupling effect was compared with the same resonance structure, which can realize the same free spectral range as well as a high quality factor. Spectrum response can be designed separately by varying the coupling coefficient between waveguide and resonator. A heater attached on the top of the resonator can be utilized for the resonance wavelength tuning, while a heater on the top of cross-coupled waveguide has little influence on the device performance, which can help to improve the stability. The presented device can also be applied as a tunable modulator/switch.
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9
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Dutt A, Joshi C, Ji X, Cardenas J, Okawachi Y, Luke K, Gaeta AL, Lipson M. On-chip dual-comb source for spectroscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1701858. [PMID: 29511733 PMCID: PMC5834308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dual-comb spectroscopy is a powerful technique for real-time, broadband optical sampling of molecular spectra, which requires no moving components. Recent developments with microresonator-based platforms have enabled frequency combs at the chip scale. However, the need to precisely match the resonance wavelengths of distinct high quality-factor microcavities has hindered the development of on-chip dual combs. We report the simultaneous generation of two microresonator combs on the same chip from a single laser, drastically reducing experimental complexity. We demonstrate broadband optical spectra spanning 51 THz and low-noise operation of both combs by deterministically tuning into soliton mode-locked states using integrated microheaters, resulting in narrow (<10 kHz) microwave beat notes. We further use one comb as a reference to probe the formation dynamics of the other comb, thus introducing a technique to investigate comb evolution without auxiliary lasers or microwave oscillators. We demonstrate high signal-to-noise ratio absorption spectroscopy spanning 170 nm using the dual-comb source over a 20-μs acquisition time. Our device paves the way for compact and robust spectrometers at nanosecond time scales enabled by large beat-note spacings (>1 GHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Dutt
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xingchen Ji
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jaime Cardenas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yoshitomo Okawachi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kevin Luke
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alexander L. Gaeta
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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10
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Dorche AE, Abdollahramezani S, Taheri H, Eftekhar AA, Adibi A. Extending chip-based Kerr-comb to visible spectrum by dispersive wave engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:22362-22374. [PMID: 29041548 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.022362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous group velocity dispersion is a key parameter for generating bright solitons, and thus wideband Kerr frequency combs. Extension of the frequency combs spectrum to visible wavelengths has been a major challenge because of the strong normal dispersion of conventional photonic materials at these wavelengths. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a wideband frequency comb extending from near-infrared to visible wavelengths (∼1200 nm to 650 nm). The proposed frequency comb micro-resonator takes advantage of a wideband blue-shifted anomalous dispersion, achieved in an optimized over-etched silicon nitride waveguide and strong power transfer to shorter wavelengths through radiative dispersive waves, achieved by modulating the dispersion in a coupled resonator architecture. We show the possibility of obtaining a close to visible dispersive Cherenkov radiation peak that is only 10 dB below the overall comb peak and can be tuned by adjusting the coupling structure in the coupled resonator architecture.
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11
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Zhang Z, Yako M, Ju K, Kawai N, Chaisakul P, Tsuchizawa T, Hikita M, Yamada K, Ishikawa Y, Wada K. A new material platform of Si photonics for implementing architecture of dense wavelength division multiplexing on Si bulk wafer. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:283-293. [PMID: 28567174 PMCID: PMC5439400 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1301193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new materials group to implement dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) in Si photonics is proposed. A large thermo-optic (TO) coefficient of Si malfunctions multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) on a chip under thermal fluctuation, and thus DWDM implementation, has been one of the most challenging targets in Si photonics. The present study specifies an optical materials group for DWDM by a systematic survey of their TO coefficients and refractive indices. The group is classified as mid-index contrast optics (MiDex) materials, and non-stoichiometric silicon nitride (SiNx) is chosen to demonstrate its significant thermal stability. The TO coefficient of non-stoichiometric SiNx is precisely measured in the temperature range 24-76 °C using the SiNx rings prepared by two methods: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD). The CVD-SiNx ring reveals nearly the same TO coefficient reported for stoichiometric CVD-Si3N4, while the value for the PVD-SiNx ring is slightly higher. Both SiNx rings lock their resonance frequencies within 100 GHz in this temperature range. Since CVD-SiNx needs a high temperature annealing to reduce N-H bond absorption, it is concluded that PVD-SiNx is suited as a MiDex material introduced in the CMOS back-end-of-line. Further stabilization is required, considering the crosstalk between two channels; a 'silicone' polymer is employed to compensate for the temperature fluctuation using its negative TO coefficient, called athermalization. This demonstrates that the resonance of these SiNx rings is locked within 50 GHz at the same temperature range in the wavelength range 1460-1620 nm (the so-called S, C, and L bands in optical fiber communication networks). A further survey on the MiDex materials strongly suggests that Al2O3, Ga2O3 Ta2O5, HfO2 and their alloys should provide even more stable platforms for DWDM implementation in MiDex photonics. It is discussed that the MiDex photonics will find various applications such as medical and environmental sensing and in-vehicle data-communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Yako
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Kan Ju
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawai
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | | | - Tai Tsuchizawa
- Nanophotonics Center and NTT Device Technology Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | | | - Koji Yamada
- Nanophotonics Center and NTT Device Technology Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ishikawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Wada
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Xie W, Stöferle T, Rainò G, Aubert T, Bisschop S, Zhu Y, Mahrt RF, Geiregat P, Brainis E, Hens Z, Van Thourhout D. On-Chip Integrated Quantum-Dot-Silicon-Nitride Microdisk Lasers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28198049 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Xie
- Photonics Research Group and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15 iGent 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM Research-Zurich; Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- IBM Research-Zurich; Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Tangi Aubert
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Suzanne Bisschop
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Photonics Research Group and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15 iGent 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Rainer F. Mahrt
- IBM Research-Zurich; Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Edouard Brainis
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Dries Van Thourhout
- Photonics Research Group and Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics); Ghent University; Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 15 iGent 9052 Ghent Belgium
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13
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Xie W, Zhu Y, Aubert T, Hens Z, Brainis E, Van Thourhout D. Fabrication and characterization of on-chip silicon nitride microdisk integrated with colloidal quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A114-A122. [PMID: 26832565 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We designed and fabricated free-standing, waveguide-coupled silicon nitride microdisks hybridly integrated with embedded colloidal quantum dots. An efficient coupling of quantum dot emission to resonant disk modes and eventually to the access waveguides is demonstrated. The amount of light coupled out to the access waveguide can be tuned by controlling its dimensions and offset with the disk edge. These devices open up new opportunities for both on-chip silicon nitride integrated photonics and novel optoelectronic devices with quantum dots.
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14
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Sahu BB, Yin YY, Tsutsumi T, Hori M, Han JG. The role of plasma chemistry on functional silicon nitride film properties deposited at low-temperature by mixing two frequency powers using PECVD. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13033-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00986g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A correlation study of plasma parameters and film properties and the implication of dual frequency PECVD for industry are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Sahu
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology (CAPST)
- NU-SKKU Joint Institute for Plasma Nano Materials
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
| | - Y. Y. Yin
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology (CAPST)
- NU-SKKU Joint Institute for Plasma Nano Materials
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
| | - T. Tsutsumi
- Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - M. Hori
- Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Jeon G. Han
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology (CAPST)
- NU-SKKU Joint Institute for Plasma Nano Materials
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
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15
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Hosseinnia AH, Atabaki AH, Eftekhar AA, Adibi A. High-quality silicon on silicon nitride integrated optical platform with an octave-spanning adiabatic interlayer coupler. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:30297-30307. [PMID: 26698509 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanophotonic platforms based on three-dimensional integration of different photonic materials are emerging as promising ecosystems for the optoelectronic device fabrication. In order to benefit from key features of both silicon (Si) and silicon nitride (SiN) on a single chip, we have developed a wafer-scale hybrid photonic platform based on the integration of a thin crystalline Si layer on top of a thin SiN layer with an ultra-thin oxide buffer layer. A complete optical path in the hybrid platform is demonstrated by coupling light back and forth between nanophotonic devices in Si and SiN layers. Using an adiabatic tapered coupling method, a record-low interlayer coupling-loss of 0.02 dB is achieved at 1550 nm telecommunication wavelength window. We also demonstrate high-Q resonators on the hybrid material platform with intrinsic Q's as high as 3 × 10(6) for a 60 μm-radius microring resonator, which is (to the best of our knowledge) the highest Q observed for a micro-resonator on a hybrid Si/SiN platform.
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16
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Sodagar M, Hosseinnia AH, Isautier P, Moradinejad H, Ralph S, Eftekhar AA, Adibi A. Compact, 15 Gb/s electro-optic modulator through carrier accumulation in a hybrid Si/SiO(2)/Si microdisk. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:28306-28315. [PMID: 26561102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.028306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-speed electro-optic modulators are among the key elements in any optical interconnect system. In this work we design and demonstrate an electro-optic modulator based on carrier accumulation on a multilayer integrated photonic platform comprising a stack of high quality Si, SiO(2), and Si layers. The device consists of a 3-μm radius microdisk with an embedded capacitor. Characterization results reveal an operation bandwidth of exceeding 10 GHz. The device is capable of transmitting 15 Gb/s with the on/off keying format in a single polarization. The proposed structure can be self-trimmed by up to 1 nm in wavelength by applying a dc bias voltage without any power consumption. This feature eliminates the need for power-hungry thermal-based compensation methods to address the resonance wavelength mismatch due to fabrication imperfections.
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17
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Xie W, Zhu Y, Aubert T, Verstuyft S, Hens Z, Van Thourhout D. Low-loss silicon nitride waveguide hybridly integrated with colloidal quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:12152-12160. [PMID: 25969303 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.012152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nitride waveguides with a monolayer of colloidal quantum dots embedded inside were fabricated using a low-temperature deposition process and an optimized dry etching step for the composite layers. We experimentally demonstrated the luminescence of the embedded quantum dots is preserved and the loss of these hybrid waveguide wires is as low as 2.69dB/cm at 900nm wavelength. This hybrid integration of low loss silicon nitride photonics with active emitters offers opportunities for optical sources operating over a very broad wavelength range.
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18
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Naiman A, Desiatov B, Stern L, Mazurski N, Shappir J, Levy U. Ultrahigh-Q silicon resonators in a planarized local oxidation of silicon platform. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1892-1895. [PMID: 25927741 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a platform for the fabrication of smooth waveguides and ultrahigh-quality-factor (Q factor) silicon resonators using a modified local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) technique. Unlike the conventional LOCOS process, our approach allows the fabrication of nearly planarized structures, supporting a multilayer silicon photonics configuration. Using this approach we demonstrate the fabrication and the characterization of a microdisk resonator with an intrinsic Q factor that is one of the highest Q factors achieved with a compact silicon-on-insulator platform.
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19
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Subbaraman H, Xu X, Hosseini A, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Kwong D, Chen RT. Recent advances in silicon-based passive and active optical interconnects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:2487-2510. [PMID: 25836116 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonics has experienced phenomenal transformations over the last decade. In this paper, we present some of the notable advances in silicon-based passive and active optical interconnect components, and highlight some of our key contributions. Light is also cast on few other parallel technologies that are working in tandem with silicon-based structures, and providing unique functions not achievable with any single system acting alone. With an increasing utilization of CMOS foundries for silicon photonics fabrication, a viable path for realizing extremely low-cost integrated optoelectronics has been paved. These advances are expected to benefit several application domains in the years to come, including communication networks, sensing, and nonlinear systems.
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20
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Sodagar M, Pourabolghasem R, Eftekhar AA, Adibi A. High-efficiency and wideband interlayer grating couplers in multilayer Si/SiO2/SiN platform for 3D integration of optical functionalities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:16767-16777. [PMID: 25090495 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.016767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have designed interlayer grating couplers with single/double metallic reflectors for Si/SiO(2)/SiN multilayer material platform. Out-of-plane diffractive grating couplers separated by 1.6 μm thick buffer SiO(2) layer are vertically stacked against each other in Si and SiN layers. Geometrical optimization using genetic algorithm coupled with electromagnetic simulations using two-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM) results in coupler designs with high peak coupling efficiency of up to 89% for double- mirror and 64% for single-mirror structures at telecom wavelength. Also, 3-dB bandwidths of 40 nm and 50 nm are theoretically predicted for the two designs, respectively. We have fabricated the grating coupler structure with single mirror. Measured values for insertion loss and 3-dB bandwidth in the fabricated single-mirror coupler confirms the theoretical results. This opens up the possibility of low-loss 3D dense integration of optical functionalities in hybrid material platforms.
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Sacher WD, Huang Y, Ding L, Barwicz T, Mikkelsen JC, Taylor BJF, Lo GQ, Poon JKS. Polarization rotator-splitters and controllers in a Si3N4-on-SOI integrated photonics platform. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:11167-11174. [PMID: 24921814 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.011167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate novel polarization management devices in a custom-designed silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated photonics platform. In the platform, Si(3)N(4) waveguides are defined atop silicon waveguides. A broadband polarization rotator-splitter using a TM0-TE1 mode converter in a composite Si(3)N(4)-silicon waveguide is demonstrated. The polarization crosstalk, insertion loss, and polarization dependent loss are less than -19 dB, 1.5 dB, and 1.0 dB, respectively, over a bandwidth of 80 nm. A polarization controller composed of polarization rotator-splitters, multimode interference couplers, and thin film heaters is also demonstrated.
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