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Peinke E, Sattler T, Torelly GM, Souza PL, Perret S, Bleuse J, Claudon J, Vos WL, Gérard JM. Tailoring the properties of quantum dot-micropillars by ultrafast optical injection of free charge carriers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:215. [PMID: 34667148 PMCID: PMC8526595 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We review recent studies of cavity switching induced by the optical injection of free carriers in micropillar cavities containing quantum dots. Using the quantum dots as a broadband internal light source and a streak camera as detector, we track the resonance frequencies for a large set of modes with picosecond time resolution. We report a record-fast switch-on time constant (1.5 ps) and observe major transient modifications of the modal structure of the micropillar on the 10 ps time scale: mode crossings are induced by a focused symmetric injection of free carriers, while a lifting of several mode degeneracies is observed when off-axis injection breaks the rotational symmetry of the micropillar. We show theoretically and experimentally that cavity switching can be used to tailor the dynamic properties of the coupled QD-cavity system. We report the generation of ultrashort spontaneous emission pulses (as short as 6 ps duration) by a collection of frequency-selected QDs in a switched pillar microcavity. These pulses display a very small coherence length, attractive for ultrafast speckle-free imaging. Moreover, the control of QD-mode coupling on the 10 ps time scale establishes cavity switching as an appealing resource for quantum photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Peinke
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs" group, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias Sattler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs" group, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Guilherme M Torelly
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs" group, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- LabSem-CETUC, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia L Souza
- LabSem-CETUC, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Sylvain Perret
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs" group, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Joël Bleuse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs" group, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Claudon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs" group, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Willem L Vos
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Michel Gérard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs" group, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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Casabone B, Deshmukh C, Liu S, Serrano D, Ferrier A, Hümmer T, Goldner P, Hunger D, de Riedmatten H. Dynamic control of Purcell enhanced emission of erbium ions in nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3570. [PMID: 34117226 PMCID: PMC8196009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of single quantum emitters with an optical cavity enables the realization of efficient spin-photon interfaces, an essential resource for quantum networks. The dynamical control of the spontaneous emission rate of quantum emitters in cavities has important implications in quantum technologies, e.g., for shaping the emitted photons’ waveform or for driving coherently the optical transition while preventing photon emission. Here we demonstrate the dynamical control of the Purcell enhanced emission of a small ensemble of erbium ions doped into a nanoparticle. By embedding the nanoparticles into a fully tunable high finesse fiber based optical microcavity, we demonstrate a median Purcell factor of 15 for the ensemble of ions. We also show that we can dynamically control the Purcell enhanced emission by tuning the cavity on and out of resonance, by controlling its length with sub-nanometer precision on a time scale more than two orders of magnitude faster than the natural lifetime of the erbium ions. This capability opens prospects for the realization of efficient nanoscale quantum interfaces between solid-state spins and single telecom photons with controllable waveform, for non-destructive detection of photonic qubits, and for the realization of quantum gates between rare-earth ion qubits coupled to an optical cavity. Control of quantum emitters is needed in order to enable many applications. Here, the authors demonstrate enhancement and dynamical control of the Purcell emission from erbium ions doped in a nanoparticle within a fiber-based microcavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Casabone
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chetan Deshmukh
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shuping Liu
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France.,Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diana Serrano
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alban Ferrier
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hümmer
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Philippe Goldner
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Hunger
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Karlsruhe Insitute for Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Cano D, Ferrier A, Soundarapandian K, Reserbat-Plantey A, Scarafagio M, Tallaire A, Seyeux A, Marcus P, Riedmatten HD, Goldner P, Koppens FHL, Tielrooij KJ. Fast electrical modulation of strong near-field interactions between erbium emitters and graphene. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4094. [PMID: 32796825 PMCID: PMC7427803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining the quantum optical properties of single-photon emitters with the strong near-field interactions available in nanophotonic and plasmonic systems is a powerful way of creating quantum manipulation and metrological functionalities. The ability to actively and dynamically modulate emitter-environment interactions is of particular interest in this regard. While thermal, mechanical and optical modulation have been demonstrated, electrical modulation has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we realize fast, all-electrical modulation of the near-field interactions between a nanolayer of erbium emitters and graphene, by in-situ tuning the Fermi energy of graphene. We demonstrate strong interactions with a >1000-fold increased decay rate for ~25% of the emitters, and electrically modulate these interactions with frequencies up to 300 kHz - orders of magnitude faster than the emitter's radiative decay (~100 Hz). This constitutes an enabling platform for integrated quantum technologies, opening routes to quantum entanglement generation by collective plasmon emission or photon emission with controlled waveform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cano
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alban Ferrier
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Universités, UFR 933, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karuppasamy Soundarapandian
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antoine Reserbat-Plantey
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marion Scarafagio
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Tallaire
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Seyeux
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Marcus
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Reçerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Goldner
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain. .,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Reçerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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Yüce E, Ctistis G, Claudon J, Gérard JM, Vos WL. Optimal all-optical switching of a microcavity resonance in the telecom range using the electronic Kerr effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:239-253. [PMID: 26832255 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have switched GaAs/AlAs and AlGaAs/AlAs planar microcavities that operate in the "Original" (O) telecom band by exploiting the instantaneous electronic Kerr effect. We observe that the resonance frequency reversibly shifts within one picosecond when the nanostructure is pumped with low-energy photons. We investigate experimentally and theoretically the role of several parameters: the material backbone and its electronic bandgap, the quality factor, and the duration of the switch pulse. The magnitude of the frequency shift is reduced when the backbone of the central λ-layer has a greater electronic bandgap compared to the cavity resonance frequency and the frequency of the pump. This observation is caused by the fact that pumping with photon energies near the bandgap resonantly enhances the switched magnitude. We thus find that cavities operating in the telecom O-band are more amenable to ultrafast Kerr switching than those operating at lower frequencies, such as the C-band. Our results indicate that the large bandgap of AlGaAs/AlAs cavity allows to tune both the pump and the probe to the telecom range to perform Kerr switching without detrimental two-photon absorption. We observe that the magnitude of the resonance frequency shift decreases with increasing quality factor of the cavity. Our model shows that the magnitude of the resonance frequency shift depends on the pump pulse duration and is maximized when the duration matches the cavity storage time to within a factor two. In our experiments, we obtain a maximum shift of the cavity resonance relative to the cavity linewidth of 20%. We project that the shift of the cavity resonance can be increased twofold with a pump pulse duration that better matches the cavity storage time. We provide the essential parameter settings for different materials so that the frequency shift of the cavity resonance can be maximized using the electronic Kerr effect.
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Jin CY, Johne R, Swinkels MY, Hoang TB, Midolo L, van Veldhoven PJ, Fiore A. Ultrafast non-local control of spontaneous emission. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:886-890. [PMID: 25218324 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The radiative interaction of solid-state emitters with cavity fields is the basis of semiconductor microcavity lasers and cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) systems. Its control in real time would open new avenues for the generation of non-classical light states, the control of entanglement and the modulation of lasers. However, unlike atomic CQED or circuit quantum electrodynamics, the real-time control of radiative processes has not yet been achieved in semiconductors because of the ultrafast timescales involved. Here we propose an ultrafast non-local moulding of the vacuum field in a coupled-cavity system as an approach to the control of radiative processes and demonstrate the dynamic control of the spontaneous emission (SE) of quantum dots (QDs) in a photonic crystal (PhC) cavity on a ∼ 200 ps timescale, much faster than their natural SE lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Jin
- COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Johne
- 1] COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands [2] Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Milo Y Swinkels
- COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thang B Hoang
- 1] COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands [2]
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- 1] COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands [2]
| | - Peter J van Veldhoven
- COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Fiore
- COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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