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Zuo T, Han Z, Ma C, Xiao S, Lin X, Li Y, Wang F, He Y, He Z, Zhang J, Wang G, Cheng H. The multi-slit very small angle neutron scattering instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:380-391. [PMID: 38596742 PMCID: PMC11001394 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576724000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A multi-slit very small angle neutron scattering (MS-VSANS) instrument has been finally accepted at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). It is the first spallation neutron source based VSANS instrument. MS-VSANS has a good signal-to-noise ratio and can cover a wide scattering vector magnitude range from 0.00028 to 1.4 Å-1. In its primary flight path, a combined curved multichannel beam bender and sections of rotary exchange drums are installed to minimize the background downstream of the instrument. An exchangeable multi-slit beam focusing system is integrated into the primary flight path, enabling access to a minimum scattering vector magnitude of 0.00028 Å-1. MS-VSANS has three modes, namely conventional SANS, polarizing SANS and VSANS modes. In the SANS mode, three motorized high-efficiency 3He tube detectors inside the detector tank cover scattering angles from 0.12 to 35° simultaneously. In the polarizing SANS mode, a double-V cavity provides highly polarized neutrons and a high-efficiency 3He polarization analyser allows full polarization analysis. In the VSANS mode, an innovative high-resolution gas electron multiplier detector covers scattering angles from 0.016 to 0.447°. The absolute scattering intensities of a selection of standard samples are obtained using the direct-beam technique; the effectiveness of this method is verified by testing the standard samples and comparing the results with those from a benchmark instrument. The MS-VSANS instrument is designed to be flexible and versatile and all the design goals have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisen Zuo
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehua Han
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changli Ma
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songwen Xiao
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Lin
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongcheng He
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Cheng
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
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Cremer JT, Filter H, Klepp J, Geltenbort P, Dewhurst C, Oda T, Pantell RH. Focusing and imaging of cold neutrons with a permanent magnetic lens. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:013704. [PMID: 32012524 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports imaging of objects with slow neutrons, specifically very cold neutrons and cold neutrons, at Institut Laue Langevin, using novel, permanent magnet (Nd2Fe14B) compound refractive lenses (MCRL) with a large 2.5 cm bore diameter. The MCRL focuses and images spin-up neutrons and defocuses spin-down neutrons via a large, radial magnetic field gradient. A single lens neutron microscope, composed of an MCRL objective lens with 2-fold magnification, was tested using very cold (slow) neutrons at 45 Å wavelength. One-to-one imaging was obtained using 16.7 Å polarized neutrons. The magnetic field gradient of the MCRL was measured by raster-scanned pencil beams on D33. Finally, a compound neutron microscope was realized using an MCRL condenser lens, which provided increased illumination of objects, and an MCRL as objective lens to produce 3.5-fold magnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay T Cremer
- Adelphi Technology, Inc., 2003 East Bayshore Road, Redwood City, California 94063-4121, USA
| | - Hanno Filter
- Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klepp
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanng. 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Geltenbort
- Nuclear and Particle Physics Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Charles Dewhurst
- Institut Laue-Langevin, B.P. 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tatsuro Oda
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Richard H Pantell
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Hosobata T, Yamada NL, Hino M, Yamagata Y, Kawai T, Yoshinaga H, Hori K, Takeda M, Takeda S, Morita SY. Development of precision elliptic neutron-focusing supermirror. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:20012-20024. [PMID: 29041686 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper details methods for the precision design and fabrication of neutron-focusing supermirrors, based on electroless nickel plating. We fabricated an elliptic mirror for neutron reflectometry, which is our second mirror improved from the first. The mirror is a 550-millimeter-long segmented mirror assembled using kinematic couplings, with each segment figured by diamond cutting, polished using colloidal silica, and supermirror coated through ion-beam sputtering. The mirror was evaluated with neutron beams, and the reflectivity was found to be 68-90% at a critical angle. The focusing width was 0.17 mm at the full width at half maximum.
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Hino M, Oda T, Yamada NL, Endo H, Seto H, Kitaguchi M, Harada M, Kawabata Y. Supermirror neutron guide system for neutron resonance spin echo spectrometers at a pulsed neutron source. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2017.1359699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hino
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Oda
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Seto
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitaguchi
- Center for Experimental Studies, KMI, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Harada
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawabata
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
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Takeda S, Yamagata Y, Yamada NL, Hino M, Hosobata T, Guo J, Morita SY, Oda T, Furusaka M. Development of a large plano-elliptical neutron-focusing supermirror with metallic substrates. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:12478-12488. [PMID: 27410268 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.012478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Results of this study demonstrated that electroless nickel-phosphorus (NiP) plated metal substrate is an excellent material for producing large aspherical neutron-focusing supermirrors. A large plano-elliptical neutron-focusing supermirror comprising two metallic segments was fabricated using single-point diamond cutting, precision polishing and supermirror coating. The average surface roughness of the metallic substrates was approximately 0.3 nm rms. For evaluation, the focusing supermirror was installed at the SOFIA neutron reflectometer, showing high neutron reflectivity and giving minimal beam width of 0.34 mm in FWHM. Because of the large beam divergence accepted by the mirror, the count rate with the focusing mirror was 3.3 times higher than that obtained using conventional two-slit collimation.
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Guo J, Yamagata Y, Morita SY, Takeda S, Kato JI, Hino M, Furusaka M. Figure correction of a metallic ellipsoidal neutron focusing mirror. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:063108. [PMID: 26133829 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of neutron focusing mirrors is being adopted in neutron scattering experiments in order to provide high fluxes at sample positions, reduce measurement time, and/or increase statistical reliability. To realize a small focusing spot and high beam intensity, mirrors with both high form accuracy and low surface roughness are required. To achieve this, we propose a new figure correction technique to fabricate a two-dimensional neutron focusing mirror made with electroless nickel-phosphorus (NiP) by effectively combining ultraprecision shaper cutting and fine polishing. An arc envelope shaper cutting method is introduced to generate high form accuracy, while a fine polishing method, in which the material is removed effectively without losing profile accuracy, is developed to reduce the surface roughness of the mirror. High form accuracy in the minor-axis and the major-axis is obtained through tool profile error compensation and corrective polishing, respectively, and low surface roughness is acquired under a low polishing load. As a result, an ellipsoidal neutron focusing mirror is successfully fabricated with high form accuracy of 0.5 μm peak-to-valley and low surface roughness of 0.2 nm root-mean-square.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Guo
- Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamagata
- Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Morita
- Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin Takeda
- Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kato
- Ultrahigh Precision Optics Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hino
- Neutron Optics Group, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Michihiro Furusaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
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