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Zhang L, Fu S, Sheng Q, Luo X, Zhang J, Shi W, Yao J. Pump quantum efficiency optimization of 3.5 μm Er-doped ZBLAN fiber laser for high-power operation. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:33. [PMID: 37943361 PMCID: PMC10635972 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
976 nm + 1976 nm dual-wavelength pumped Er-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers are generally accepted as the preferred solution for achieving 3.5 μm lasing. However, the 2 μm band excited state absorption from the upper lasing level (4F9/2 → 4F7/2) depletes the Er ions population inversion, reducing the pump quantum efficiency and limiting the power scaling. In this work, we demonstrate that the pump quantum efficiency can be effectively improved by using a long-wavelength pump with lower excited state absorption rate. A 3.5 μm Er-doped ZBLAN fiber laser was built and its performances at different pump wavelengths were experimentally investigated in detail. A maximum output power at 3.46 μm of ~ 7.2 W with slope efficiency (with respect to absorbed 1990 nm pump power) of 41.2% was obtained with an optimized pump wavelength of 1990 nm, and the pump quantum efficiency was increased to 0.957 compared with the 0.819 for the conventional 1976 nm pumping scheme. Further power scaling was only limited by the available 1990 nm pump power. A numerical simulation was implemented to evaluate the cross section of excited state absorption via a theoretical fitting of experimental results. The potential of further power scaling was also discussed, based on the developed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shijie Fu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Quan Sheng
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xuewen Luo
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Ye S, Chu Y, Huang S, Luo Q, Tang S, Xu Z, Liu H, Li C, Jiang C, Wang X, Chen K, Zhang W, Yu R, Gao W. High-efficiency mode-locked erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser around 2.8 µm by directly depositing Bi 2S 3 particles onto a cavity mirror. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:2055-2060. [PMID: 37133093 DOI: 10.1364/ao.482243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) pulsed lasers near a 3 µm waveband show great potential for the high absorption of water molecules and many important gas molecules. A passively Q-switched mode-locked (QSML) E r 3+-doped fluoride fiber laser with a low laser threshold and high slope efficiency around a 2.8 µm waveband is reported. The improvement is achieved by depositing bismuth sulfide (B i 2 S 3) particles onto the cavity mirror directly as a saturable absorber and using the cleaved end of the fluoride fiber as output directly. -QSML pulses begin to appear with the pump power of 280 mW. The repetition rate of the QSML pulses reaches a maximum of 33.59 kHz with the pump power of 540 mW. When the pump power is further increased, the output of the fiber laser switches from the QSML to the continuous-wave mode-locked operation with the repetition rate of 28.64 MHz and the slope efficiency of 12.2%. The results indicate that B i 2 S 3 is a promising modulator for the pulsed lasers near a 3 µm waveband, which paves the way for further development of various applications in MIR wavebands, including material processing, MIR frequency combs, and modern healthcare.
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Huang J, Liu D, Chen L, Li N, Miao L, Zhao C. Broadband saturable absorption of indium tin oxide nanocrystals toward mid-infrared regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6413-6416. [PMID: 36538451 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the ultrabroadband optical nonlinearity of indium tin oxide nanocrystals (ITO NCs) in the mid-infrared regime. Especially, the ITO NCs show considerable saturation absorption behavior with large modulation depth covering the spectral range from 2-µm to 10-µm wavelength. We also demonstrate the application of the optical nonlinearity to successfully modulate the erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser to deliver a nanosecond pulse with a signal-to-noise ratio over 43 dB at 2.8-µm wavelength. The results provide a promising platform for the development of ITO-based broadband and robust optoelectronic devices toward the deep mid-infrared spectral range.
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Luo H, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang B, Li J, Liu Y. Red-diode-clad-pumped Er 3+/Dy 3+ codoped ZrF 4 fiber: A promising mid-infrared laser platform. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5313-5316. [PMID: 36240350 DOI: 10.1364/ol.470436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser generation, from a red-diode-clad-pumped Er3+/Dy3+ codoped ZrF4 fiber laser. A free-running laser at ∼3.4 µm, mainly from the 4F9/2→4I9/2 transition of Er3+, directly excited by a 659-nm laser diodehas been achieved at room temperature with a maximum power of 0.8 W and 8.8% slope efficiency. In this system, the long-lived 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 states are rapidly depopulated by energy transfer to the codoped Dy3+ ions and energy transfer upconversion between the Er3+ ions, resulting in the accelerated recycling of ions. Additionally, the free-running dual-wavelength operation state at ∼3.3 and ∼3.5 µm is also observed, producing a total maximum power of 0.95 W with 10.7% slope efficiency, representing the first watt-class output from a diode-pumped rare-earth-doped fiber laser far beyond 3 µm. By employing a diffraction grating, continuous spectral tuning across the 642-nm range from 3053.9 to 3695.9 nm has been demonstrated. The proposed scheme provides, to the best of our knowledge, a promising new platform for laser generation in the mid-IR region of 3-4 µm.
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Zhou W, Pang X, Zhang H, Yu Q, Liu F, Wang W, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Yang Z. Frontier and Hot Topics of Pulsed Fiber Lasers via CiteSpace Scientometric Analysis: Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Real Saturable Absorbers Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6761. [PMID: 36234100 PMCID: PMC9572618 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed fiber lasers, with high peak power and narrow pulse widths, have been proven to be an important tool for a variety of fields of application. In this work, frontier and hot topics in pulsed fiber lasers were analyzed with 11,064 articles. Benefitting from the scientometric analysis capabilities of CiteSpace, the analysis found that passively mode-locked fiber lasers with saturable absorbers (SAs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have become a hot research topic in the field of pulsed fiber lasers due to the advantages of self-starting operation, high stability, and good compatibility. The excellent nonlinear optical properties exhibited by 2D materials at nanometer-scale thicknesses have become a particularly popular research topic; the research has paved the way for exploring its wider applications. We summarize the performance of several typical 2D materials in ultrafast fiber lasers, such as graphene, topological insulators (TIs), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus (BP). Meanwhile, we review and analyze the direction of the development of 2D SAs for ultrafast fiber lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiuyang Pang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Hanke Zhang
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Fangqi Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Wenyue Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yikun Zhao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Transportation Engineering, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong 226010, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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Cai E, Kong X, Zhang S, Xu J, Liu Y, Guo G. Nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide for a mid-infrared 2 µm Tm:YAG ceramic ultrafast laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:6057-6061. [PMID: 36255842 DOI: 10.1364/ao.462620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide (NiV-LDH) nanosheet was prepared as a saturable absorber (SA) by liquid phase exfoliation and a drop-coating method. The microstructure and optical transmission properties of the obtained NiV-LDH nanosheet were then systematically studied. An "X"-type fold cavity was designed to evaluate the ultrafast laser modulation performance of the NiV-LDH nanosheet with a Tm:YAG ceramic gain medium. A stable passively Q-switched mode-locked (QML) pulse centered at 2011.6 nm has successfully been realized, with a repetition frequency of 145 MHz and a pulse duration of 320 ps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the LDH has been used as an SA in a mid-infrared range ultrafast laser.
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Zheng L, Wei C, Zhou H, Sun F, Gao A, Wang D, Liu Y. Mid-infrared optical switches enabled by metal-organic frameworks for compact high-power nanosecond laser sources at 3 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12409-12419. [PMID: 35472877 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed lasers operating in the mid-infrared are of great importance for numerous applications in spectroscopy, medical surgery, laser processing, and communications. In spite of recent advances with mid-infrared gain platforms, the lack of a capable pulse generation mechanism hinders the development of compact mid-infrared pulsed laser source. Here we show that MIL-68(Al) and MIL-68(Fe), which are aluminum- and iron- based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with ordered atoms distribution and periodic mesoporous structure, constitute exceptional optical switches for the mid-infrared. We fabricated the MIL-68(Al) and MIL-68(Fe) via hydrothermal method and prepared reflection-type MIL-68(Al)- and MIL-68(Fe)- saturable absorber mirrors (SAMs). By employing the as-prepared SAMs in the laser cavities, we achieved high-power nanosecond Q-switched fiber lasers at 2.8 µm. Especially, the average output power and pulse duration of the MIL-68(Al) Q-switched fiber laser reached 809.1 mW and 567 ns, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate that MIL-68(M) can be efficient optical switches for 3-µm mid-IR laser pulses generation. Our findings reveal that MIL-68(M) is promising saturable absorber for compact and high-performance mid-infrared pulsed lasers.
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Qin Z, Zhou Y, Xie G, Yuan P, Ma J, Qian L. Red-diode-clad-pumped CW and mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser at 3.5 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:11174-11180. [PMID: 35473066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on a red-diode-clad-pumped continuous-wave (CW) and mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser at 3.5 µm for the first time. Numerical simulation shows that a heavily-doped Er:ZBLAN fiber is favorable for effective generation of 3.5 µm laser through 658 nm laser diode pumping. Using a 7.0 mol.% Er:ZBLAN fiber, CW output power of 203 mW was experimentally obtained at 3462 nm. By incorporating a home-made semiconductor saturable absorber mirror into the cavity, diode-pumped CW mode-locked 3.5 µm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser was first demonstrated with an average power of 19 mW, a pulse duration of 18.1 ps, and a repetition rate of 46 MHz. The research results show that red-diode-clad-pumping provides a simple and potential scheme for 3.5 µm CW and mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser.
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Jobin F, Paradis P, Aydin YO, Boilard T, Fortin V, Gauthier JC, Lemieux-Tanguay M, Magnan-Saucier S, Michaud LC, Mondor S, Pleau LP, Talbot L, Bernier M, Vallée R. Recent developments in lanthanide-doped mid-infrared fluoride fiber lasers [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8615-8640. [PMID: 35299310 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared fiber sources, emitting between 2.5 µm and 5.0 µm, are interesting for their great potential in several application fields such as material processing, biomedicine, remote sensing and infrared countermeasures due to their high-power, their diffraction-limited beam quality as well as their robust monolithic architecture. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in continuous wave and pulsed mid-infrared fiber lasers and the components that bring these laser sources closer to a field deployment as well as in industrial systems. Accordingly, we will briefly illustrate the potential of such mid-infrared fiber lasers through a few selected applications.
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Qin Z, Chai X, Xie G, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Wu Q, Li J, Wang Z, Weng Y, Hai T, Yuan P, Ma J, Chen J, Qian L. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror in the 3-5 µm mid-infrared region. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:890-893. [PMID: 35167551 DOI: 10.1364/ol.444485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) have been regarded as a revolutionary technology for ultrafast mode-locked lasers, producing numerous landmark laser breakthroughs. However, the operating wavelength of existing SESAMs is limited to less than 3 µm. In this study, we create a 3-5 µm mid-infrared (MIR) SESAM by engineering an InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice. Bandgap engineering and the strong coupling between potential wells in a superlattice enable a broadband response of saturable absorption in the 3-5 µm spectral range. Using the fabricated SESAM, we realize a SESAM mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser at 3.5 µm, which delivers MIR ultrashort pulses with high long-term stability. The breakthrough of SESAM fabrication in the MIR will promote the development of MIR ultrafast coherent sources and related application fields.
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11
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Development Progress of 3–5 μm Mid-Infrared Lasers: OPO, Solid-State and Fiber Laser. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 3–5 μm mid-infrared band is a good window for atmospheric transmission. It has the advantages of high contrast and strong penetration under high humidity conditions. Therefore, it has important applications in the fields of laser medicine, laser radar, environmental monitoring, remote sensing, molecular spectroscopy, industrial processing, space communication and photoelectric confrontation. In this paper, the application background of mid-infrared laser is summarized. The ways to realize mid-infrared laser output are described by optical parametric oscillation, mid-infrared solid-state laser doped with different active ions and fiber laser doped with different rare earth ions. The advantages and disadvantages of various mid-infrared lasers are briefly described. The technical approaches, schemes and research status of mid-infrared lasers are introduced.
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Zhang YN, Song ZY, Qiao D, Li XH, Guang Z, Li SP, Zhou LB, Chen XH. 2D van der Waals materials for ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers: review and prospect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:082003. [PMID: 34731847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals materials are crystals composed of atomic layers, which have atomic thickness scale layers and rich distinct properties, including ultrafast optical response, surface effects, light-mater interaction, small size effects, quantum effects and macro quantum tunnel effects. With the exploration of saturable absorption characteristic of 2D van der Waals materials, a series of potential applications of 2D van der Waals materials as high threshold, broadband and fast response saturable absorbers (SAs) in ultrafast photonics have been proposed and confirmed. Herein, the photoelectric characteristics, nonlinear characteristic measurement technique of 2D van der Waals materials and the preparation technology of SAs are systematically described. Furthermore, the ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on classical 2D van der Waals materials including graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, topological insulators and black phosphorus have been fully summarized and analyzed. On this basis, opportunities and directions in this field, as well as the research results of ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on the latest 2D van der Waals materials (such as PbO, FePSe3, graphdiyne, bismuthene, Ag2S and MXene etc), are reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Song
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Qiao
- University of South Wales, Wireless and Optoelectronics Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Physics and Information Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Guang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, 266 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bin Zhou
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- Shandong University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Zhou Y, Qin Z, Yuan P, Ma J, Xie G. 2-MW peak-power pulses from a dispersion-managed fluoride fiber amplifier at 2.8 µm. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5104-5107. [PMID: 34653126 DOI: 10.1364/ol.440029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a scheme of pulse amplification and simultaneous self-compression in fluoride fiber for generating a high-peak-power pulse at 2.8-µm wavelength. We find dispersion management plays a key role for the amplification and self-compression process. Through dispersion management with a Ge rod, pulse amplification and simultaneous pulse self-compression were realized in the small anomalous dispersion region. A 2-MW peak-power pulse was achieved through amplification and self-compression in Er:ZBLAN fiber, with pulse energy of 101 nJ and pulse duration of 49 fs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest peak power obtained from fluoride fiber at 2.8 µm, and will benefit a series of applications.
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Ma C, Luo M, Zhang H, Tang P, Liu J. Spectral filtering effect on the ultrafast mid-infrared Er 3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4773-4776. [PMID: 34598196 DOI: 10.1364/ol.437669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the spectral filtering effect on the mid-infrared ultrafast Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE). A broad wavelength tuning range from 2720 nm to 2800 nm is achieved using a diffraction grating as the narrowband filter. Furthermore, numerical simulations are also carried out so that, by inserting a highly nonlinear fiber combined with an appropriate spectral filter in the laser system, a 329 nm ultra-broadband spectrum with a Fourier transform limit pulse as short as 47 fs can be achieved. Our results are conducive to understanding the spectral filtering effect on the lasing performance of mid-infrared ultrafast fiber lasers.
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15
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Liang Y, Qiao W, Feng T, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Song Y, Li T, Kränkel C. Investigation on the optical nonlinearity of the layered magnesium-mediated metal organic framework (Mg-MOF-74). OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23786-23798. [PMID: 34614637 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength-related optical nonlinearities of few-layer Mg-MOF-74 nanosheets were investigated in the wavelength region around 1.08, 1.94, and 2.85 μm by the closed aperture Z-scan, open aperture Z-scan and I-scan method. Under the excitation of 100-μJ laser pulses, the nonlinear refractive index (n2) of -7.7 ± 2.6, -131 ± 5 and 4.9 ± 0.2 cm2/W were obtained, respectively. The wavelength-related optical nonlinearity of the Mg-MOF-74 nanosheet was also investigated. In 2.85 μm wavelength region, the Mg-MOF-74 nanosheets shows a stable saturable absorption property with a modulation depth of 8% and a saturation intensity of 170 mJ/cm2. In the 1.08 and 1.94 μm wavelength regions, we can observe that the Mg-MOF-74 transits from saturable absorption regime to reverse saturable absorption regime with the increasing incident laser intensity. Employed as a saturable absorber in a Er:Lu2O3 laser, Mg-MOF-74 nanosheet shows a thickness-related laser modulation performance. The shortest laser pulse of 284-ns was achieved under a repetition rate of 116 kHz with a 6-nm-thick Mg-MOF-74 nanosheet, which corresponds to a pulse energy of 3.2 µJ and a peak power of 11.4 W.
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16
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Cheng Y, Lyu W, Wang Z, Ouyang H, Zhang A, Sun J, Yang T, Fu B, He B. MXenes: synthesis, incorporation, and applications in ultrafast lasers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:392003. [PMID: 34157701 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0d7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of nanotechnology and material science prompts two-dimensional (2D) materials to be extensively used in biomedicine, optoelectronic devices, and ultrafast photonics. Owing to the broadband operation, ultrafast recovery time, and saturable absorption properties, 2D materials become the promising candidates for being saturable absorbers in ultrafast pulsed lasers. In recent years, the novel 2D MXene materials have occupied the forefront due to their superior optical and electronic, as well as mechanical and chemical properties. Herein, we introduce the fabrication methods of MXenes, incorporation methods of combining 2D materials with laser cavities, and applications of ultrafast pulsed lasers based on MXenes. Firstly, top-down and bottom-up approaches are two types of fabrication methods, where top-down way mainly contains acid etching and the chief way of bottom-up method is chemical vapor deposition. In addition to these two typical ones, other methods are also discussed. Then we summarize the advantages and drawbacks of these approaches. Besides, commonly used incorporation methods, such as sandwich structure, optical deposition, as well as coupling with D-shaped, tapered, and photonic crystal fibers are reviewed. We also discuss their merits, defects, and conditions of selecting different methods. Moreover, we introduce the state of the art of ultrafast pulsed lasers based on MXenes at different wavelengths and highlight some excellent output performance. Ultimately, the outlook for improving fabrication methods and applications of MXene-based ultrafast lasers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Lyu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Aojie Zhang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqu He
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Zhang A, Wang Z, Ouyang H, Lyu W, Sun J, Cheng Y, Fu B. Recent Progress of Two-Dimensional Materials for Ultrafast Photonics. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071778. [PMID: 34361163 PMCID: PMC8308201 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused extensive attention and have been widely used in photonic and optoelectronic devices, catalytic reactions, and biomedicine. In particular, 2D materials possess a unique bandgap structure and nonlinear optical properties, which can be used as saturable absorbers in ultrafast lasers. Here, we mainly review the top-down and bottom-up methods for preparing 2D materials, such as graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes. Then, we focus on the ultrafast applications of 2D materials at the typical operating wavelengths of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 μm. The key parameters and output performance of ultrafast pulsed lasers based on 2D materials are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook regarding the fabrication methods and the development of 2D materials in ultrafast photonics is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aojie Zhang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhao Lyu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Yang L, Wu J, Li N, Duan Q, Liu D, Miao L, Zhao C. Watt-level superfluorescent fiber source near 3 µm. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2778-2781. [PMID: 34061111 DOI: 10.1364/ol.428310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a watt-level mid-infrared (mid-IR) superfluorescent fiber source from ${{\rm Er}^{3 +}}$-doped ZBLAN fiber near 3 µm spectral range. With the power amplifier configuration, the mid-IR superfluorescent fiber source with power up to 1.85 W has been delivered successfully with slope efficiency about 18.6%. The experimental results may pave an avenue toward a high-power, high-temporal-stability superfluorescent source for versatile mid-IR applications.
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19
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Xu Y, Hu H, Wu H, Xu C, Zhang H, Jin L, Zou Y, Ma X, Yin J. Enhancing Q-Switched Fiber Laser Performance Based on Reverse Saturable and Saturable Absorption Properties of CuCrO 2 Nanoparticle-Polyimide Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21748-21755. [PMID: 33913316 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate CuCrO2 (CCO) nanoparticle (NP)-polyimide (PI) composite film as a saturable absorber (SA) to regulate the output characteristics of passively Q-switched fiber laser at 1.55 μm. Based on the reverse saturable and saturable absorptions of the CCO NP-PI film, the passively Q-switched fiber laser expressed two stages with the increase of pump power for substantial performance enhancement. Reverse saturation absorption is observed to introduce appropriate cavity loss, which constructs effective pathways for promoting both the modulation depth and over threshold degree, as well as reducing the photon lifetime. In particular, our results realized the pulse duration and repetition rate compressing simultaneously for the first time. The second stage output laser exhibits a peak power of 1016 mW and a single pulse energy of 183 nJ, which are about 88 and 9 times higher than those of the first stage. Furthermore, the optical-optical conversion efficiency is up to 1270%. All of these can evidently demonstrate the importance of the appropriate cavity loss design for optimizing the Q-switched pulse laser output characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hanfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongda Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chongyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yonggang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingzhi Yin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qian-Jin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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20
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Hai T, Xie G, Ma J, Shao H, Qiao Z, Qin Z, Sun Y, Wang F, Yuan P, Ma J, Qian L. Pushing Optical Switch into Deep Mid-Infrared Region: Band Theory, Characterization, and Performance of Topological Semimetal Antimonene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7430-7438. [PMID: 33754713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The existing pulsed laser technologies and devices are mainly in the infrared spectral region below 3 μm so far. However, longer-wavelength pulsed lasers operating in the deep mid-infrared region (3-20 μm) are desirable for atmosphere spectroscopy, remote sensing, laser lidar, and free-space optical communications. Currently, the lack of reliable optical switches is the main limitation for developing pulsed lasers in the deep mid-infrared region. Here, we demonstrate that topological semimetal antimonene possesses an ultrabroadband optical switch characteristic covering from 2 μm to beyond 10 μm. Especially, the topological semimetal antimonene shows a very low saturable energy fluence (only 3-15 nJ cm-2 beyond 3 μm) and an ultrafast recovery time of ps level. We also demonstrate stable Q-switching in fiber lasers at 2 and 3.5 μm by using topological semimetal antimonene as passive optical switches. Combined with the high environmental stability and easy fabrication, topological semimetal antimonene offers a promising optical switch that extends pulsed lasers into deep mid-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Hezhu Shao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Devices, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhipeng Qin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingui Ma
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liejia Qian
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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21
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Luo H, Li S, Wu X, Kang Z, Li J, Qin G, Qin W, Liu Y. Unlocking the ultrafast potential of gold nanowires for mode-locking in the mid-infrared region. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1562-1565. [PMID: 33793486 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present the mode-locking operation of a 2.87 µm Ho3+/Pr3+ codoped fluoride fiber laser, helped by the ultrafast nonlinear optical absorption behavior of gold nanowires (GNWs). The mode locker is fabricated by depositing the GNW solution onto a silver mirror. It has a modulation depth of 14.2%, a saturation intensity of 26.2MW/cm2, and a non-saturation loss of 29.9% at 2.87 µm. With an increased pump power, the laser operates in Q-switched mode-locking, fundamental mode-locking, and harmonic mode-locking (HML) states. This represents the first, to our knowledge, mid-infrared mode-locked laser using gold nanomaterials. Additionally, the HML is also the first observation in a laser in this band using material saturable absorbers, implying the capability of GNWs for high repetition rate generation.
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22
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Bawden N, Henderson-Sapir O, Jackson SD, Ottaway DJ. Ultrafast 3.5 µm fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1636-1639. [PMID: 33793505 DOI: 10.1364/ol.418162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first mode-locked fiber laser to operate in the femtosecond regime well beyond 3 µm. The laser uses dual-wavelength pumping and nonlinear polarization rotation to produce 3.5 µm wavelength pulses with minimum duration of 580 fs at a repetition rate of 68 MHz. The pulse energy is 3.2 nJ, corresponding to a peak power of 5.5 kW.
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23
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Fu B, Sun J, Wang C, Shang C, Xu L, Li J, Zhang H. MXenes: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006054. [PMID: 33590637 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D materials are in great demand for various applications such as optical devices, supercapacitors, sensors, and biomedicine. MXenes as a kind of novel 2D material have attracted considerable research interest due to their outstanding mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties. Especially, the excellent nonlinear optical response enables them to be potential candidates for the applications in ultrafast photonics. Here, a review of MXenes synthesis, optical properties, and applications in ultrafast lasers is presented. First, aqueous acid etching and chemical vapor deposition methods for preparing MXenes are introduced, in which the storage stability and challenges of the existing synthesis techniques are also discussed. Then, the optical properties of MXenes are discussed specifically, including plasmonic properties, optical detection, photothermal effects, and ultrafast dynamics. Furthermore, the typical ultrafast pulsed lasers enabled by MXene-based saturable absorbers operated at different wavelength regions are summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook on the development of MXenes is presented in the perspectives section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ce Shang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiebo Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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24
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Shi Y, Li J, Lai C, Peng H, Zhu C, Liu Y. Power controllable gain switched fiber laser at ~ 3 μm and ~ 2.1 μm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1003. [PMID: 33441800 PMCID: PMC7807083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on a hybrid pumping method consisting of a 1150 nm continuous-wave pump source and a 1950 nm pulsed pump source, we demonstrate a power controllable gain-switched fiber laser in dual wavebands at ~ 3 μm and ~ 2.1 μm. Different pumping schemes for pumping a Ho3+-doped ZBLAN fiber are studied. Using only the 1950 nm pulsed pump source, ~ 2.1 μm gain-switched pulses with single and double pulses are obtained separately at different pump powers. This phenomenon indicates that the 1950 nm pulsed pump source acts as a modulator to trigger different states of the ~ 2.1 μm pulses. Moreover, by fixing the 1150 nm pump power at 3.259 W and adjusting the 1950 nm pump power, the output power of the ~ 2.1 μm gain-switched pulsed laser is flexibly controlled while the ~ 3 μm laser power is almost unchanged, inducing the maximum output powers of 167.96 mW and 260.27 mW at 2910.16 nm and 2061.65 nm, respectively. These results suggest that the comparatively low power of the ~ 2.1 μm gain-switched pulsed laser in dual-waveband laser can be efficiently overcome by reasonably controlling the 1950 nm pump power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Shi
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Chendong Lai
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Hanlin Peng
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- grid.464269.b0000 0004 0369 6090Science and Technology on Solid-State Laser Laboratory, 11th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Yong Liu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
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25
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Wang Y, Liang F, Wang J, Lu D, Yu H, Zhang H. Growth of a large-aperture mid-infrared nonlinear optical La 3Nb 0.5Ga 5.5O 14 crystal for optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A high optical quality 60 mm-diameter LGN crystal with wide transparency was grown by the Czochralski method. The origin of the wide transparency as for a traditional oxide crystal was investigated from the viewpoint of crystal symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dazhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huaijin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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26
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Jackson SD, Jain RK. Fiber-based sources of coherent MIR radiation: key advances and future prospects (invited). OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:30964-31019. [PMID: 33115085 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mid-infrared (MIR) represents a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is progressively being exploited for an enormous number of applications. Thermal imaging cameras, dental and skin resurfacing lasers, and narcotics detectors at airports are all mainstream examples involving the MIR, but potential applications of MIR technologies are much larger. Accessing the unique opportunities afforded by the MIR is critically dependent on the specific characteristics of MIR emitting sources that become available. In this review, we survey an important enabling technology to the opening up of MIR science and applications, namely that driven by fiber-based sources of coherent MIR radiation. In this review paper, we describe many of the key advances in the innovation and development of such sources over the past few decades and discuss many of the underlying science and technology issues that have resulted in specific recent source achievements, especially in light of new applications enabled by these new source capabilities. We also discuss a few specific anticipated future needs and some potentially disruptive approaches to future MIR fiber source development.
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27
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Wang J, Wei J, Liu W, Yan P, Guo C, Ye C, Xia L, Ruan S. 2.8 µm passively Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser with an Sb saturable absorber mirror. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:9165-9168. [PMID: 33104627 DOI: 10.1364/ao.402227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.8 µm was realized by employing Sb as the saturable material. The Sb material was deposited on a gold mirror by the magnetron-sputtering deposition method to develop a saturable absorber mirror (SAM). By employing the Sb-SAM in an Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, stable Q-switching operation was achieved at central wavelength of 2799.7 nm with the repetition rates ranging from 33.3 to 58.8 kHz and the pulse duration ranging from 5.7 to 1.7 µs. The Sb-SAM still works stably under the maximum pump power of 5.6 W, with an output power of 59 mW corresponding to the pulse energy of 1.03 µJ. To our knowledge, this was the first demonstration of Sb-based saturable material in Er:ZBLAN fiber laser for mid-infrared Q-switched pulse generation operating in the 2.8 µm regime, indicating its potential applications in the mid-infrared waveband.
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28
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Du W, Xiao X, Cui Y, Nees J, Jovanovic I, Galvanauskas A. Demonstration of 0.67-mJ and 10-ns high-energy pulses at 2.72 µm from large core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5538-5541. [PMID: 33001941 DOI: 10.1364/ol.400065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We explored generation of high-energy nanosecond short pulses in the mid-IR wavelength range using 30-70-µm-core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers. The highest energies achieved were ∼0.7mJ at 2.72 µm in 11.5-ns-long pulses, with the corresponding peak power of 60.3 kW, obtained with a 70-µm-diameter core fiber amplifier pumped at 976 nm and seeded by a KTiOAsO4-based optical parametric oscillator/optical parametric amplifier system. To the best of our knowledge, these pulse energies are the highest achieved to date from mid-IR fiber lasers at longer than 2-µm wavelengths with nanosecond pulses. The achieved highest pulse energies were limited by the surface damage of unprotected fiber output facets.
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29
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Lan C, Shi Z, Cao R, Li C, Zhang H. 2D materials beyond graphene toward Si integrated infrared optoelectronic devices. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11784-11807. [PMID: 32462161 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, it has become a worldwide hot topic due to its fascinating properties. However, the zero band gap and weak light absorption of graphene strictly restrict its applications in optoelectronic devices. In this regard, semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials are thought to be promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices. Infrared (IR) light has gained intensive attention due to its vast applications, including night vision, remote sensing, target acquisition, optical communication, etc. Consequently, the generation, modulation, and detection of IR light are crucial for practical applications. Due to the van der Waals interaction between 2D materials and Si, the lattice mismatch of 2D materials and Si can be neglected; consequently, the integration process can be achieved easily. Herein, we review the recent progress of semiconducting 2D materials in IR optoelectronic devices. Firstly, we introduce the background and motivation of the review. Then, the suitable materials for IR applications are presented, followed by a comprehensive review of the applications of 2D materials in light emitting devices, optical modulators, and photodetectors. Finally, the problems encountered and further developments are summarized. We believe that milestone investigations of IR optoelectronics based on 2D materials beyond graphene will emerge soon, which will bring about great industrial revelations in 2D material-based integrated nanodevice commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, and School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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30
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Du W, Li H, Lan C, Li C, Li J, Wang Z, Liu Y. Graphene/WS 2 heterostructure saturable absorbers for ultrashort pulse generation in L-band passively mode-locked fiber lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:11514-11523. [PMID: 32403661 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene/WS2 (G/WS2) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are utilized as saturable absorbers (SAs) in compact mode-locked fiber lasers operating in the telecommunication L-band for the first time. The interlayer coupling is confirmed by Raman and photoluminescence spectra. In comparison with pure WS2, the heterostructure exhibits excellent nonlinear optical properties in terms of larger modulation depth and lower saturation intensity due to the strong interlayer coupling. By incorporating the G/WS2-based SA into an all-anomalous-dispersion fiber laser, stable conventional-soliton pulses with a pulse duration down to 660 fs can be realized at 1601.9 nm, manifesting better output performance compared to pure WS2. In addition, through shifting the cavity dispersion to the net-normal dispersion, the G/WS2 SA can also be applied for dissipative-soliton generation. Resultant output pulses feature the central wavelength of 1593.5 nm and the pulse duration of 55.6 ps. Our results indicate that the G/WS2 vdW heterostructure is a promising candidate as SA for pulsed laser applications, which pave the way for the development of novel ultrafast photonic devices with desirable performance.
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Chen X, Ponraj JS, Fan D, Zhang H. An overview of the optical properties and applications of black phosphorus. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3513-3534. [PMID: 31904052 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the year 2014, when scientists first obtained black phosphorus using a sticky tape to peel the layers off, it has attracted tremendous interest as a novel two-dimensional material. After it was successfully produced, its outstanding optical properties have been unveiled. Various applications based on these properties have been reported. This study mainly reviews the unique optical properties and potential applications of black phosphorus. The optical performances of black phosphorus mainly include linear optical properties and nonlinear optical properties. Some examples include the anisotropic optical response, saturable absorption effect and Kerr effect. The researchers found that the nonlinear saturable absorption coefficients of black phosphorus are better than that of MoS2 and WS2 from the visible region to the near-infrared region. Compared with graphene, black phosphorus has a better nonlinear saturable absorption performance. After passivation or surface modification, black phosphorus is stable when exposed to oxygen and water. Herein, black phosphorus has the potential to be used in detector/sensors, solar energy harvesting, photocatalysts, optical saturable absorbers in ultrafast lasers, all optical switches, optical modulation, nanomedicine and some others in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | | | - Dianyuan Fan
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
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Du T, Li Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Mashinsky VM, Luo Z. 2166 nm all-fiber short-pulsed Raman laser based on germania-core fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:34552-34558. [PMID: 31878643 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.034552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a compact 2166 nm germania-fiber short-pulsed Raman laser based on the cavity matching scheme. The all-fiber Raman cavity is formed by a pair of 2166 nm fiber Bragg gratings. High-power noise-like pulses from a 1981 nm fiber laser are used to pump a 22 m germania-core fiber for providing Raman gain at ∼2166 nm, and readily realizes the Raman-cavity synchronization with high mismatching tolerance. Stable Raman pulses at 2166 nm are therefore generated with the tunable pulse width of 0.9-4.4 ns and the large pulse energy up to 12.15 nJ. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of all-fiber short-pulsed Raman laser in the mid-infrared region.
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Li Y, Du T, Xu B, Xu H, Cai Z, Mashinsky VM, Luo Z. Compact all-fiber 2.1-2.7 μm tunable Raman soliton source based on germania-core fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28544-28550. [PMID: 31684604 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although ultrafast rare-earth-doped fiber lasers mode-locked at near-infrared and ∼3 μm wavelengths have been well developed, it is relatively difficult to achieve ultrafast fiber laser emitting in the 2.1-2.7 μm spectral gap between ∼2 μm (Tm fiber) and ∼2.8 μm (Er or Ho fluoride fiber). In this paper, we report the generation of 2.1-2.7 μm tunable femtosecond Raman solitons from a compact fusion-spliced all-fiber system using a home-made 1.96 μm ultrafast pump source and a MIR-available germania-core fiber. At first, a Tm-doped double-clad fiber amplifier is used to not only boost up the power of 1957 nm femtosecond seed laser, but also to generate the first-order soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS). The first-order Raman solitons can be tuned from 2.036 to 2.152 μm, have a pulse duration of ∼480 fs and can reach a pulse energy of 1.07 nJ. The first-order Raman solitons are further injected into a 94 mol.% germania-core fiber to excite the second-order SSFS. The second-order solitons can be tuned to longer wavelengths, i.e. from 2.157 μm up to 2.690 μm. Our work could provide an effective way to develop compact, all-fiber ultrafast MIR laser sources with the continuous wavelength tuning of 2.1-2.7 μm.
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Song Y, You K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Jiang X, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zheng J, Xing C, Zhang H. Lead monoxide: a promising two-dimensional layered material for applications in nonlinear photonics in the infrared band. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12595-12602. [PMID: 31231743 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead monoxide (PbO), a novel few-layer two-dimensional (2D) material, was theoretically predicted to have an excellent optical response. Herein, the nonlinear optical response of PbO in the infrared region was experimentally investigated. The feasibility of PbO nanosheets as an effective optical saturable absorber was experimentally verified for the first time. Based on the excellent nonlinear optical characteristics, 2D PbO was fabricated as a passive mode locker by depositing onto a fiber patch cord and by decorating on a microfiber, both of which were successfully applied in fiber lasers for the passive mode locking operation. The mode locking pulses of the fiber laser were as short as 650 fs at 1.5 μm. A pulse duration of 5.47 ps with a 1 μm fiber laser was also experimentally verified. Finally, a PbO-decorated microfiber was fabricated as an optical thresholder that can enhance the SNR of a 1 GHz signal up to 6 dB. This finding might facilitate the development of nonlinear photonic devices with high stability and their practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Kaixi You
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yunxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jinlai Zhao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xiantao Jiang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yanqi Ge
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jilin Zheng
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Chenyang Xing
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Numerical Simulation of Mid-Infrared Optical Frequency Comb Generation in Chalcogenide As2S3 Microbubble Resonators. PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mid-infrared optical frequency comb generation in whispering gallery mode microresonators attracts significant interest. Chalcogenide glass microresonators are good candidates for operating in the mid-infrared range. We present the first theoretical analysis of optical frequency comb generation in As2S3 microbubble resonators in the 3–4 μm range. The regime of dissipative soliton plus dispersive wave generation is simulated numerically in the frame of the Lugiato–Lefever equation. Using microbubble geometry allows controlling of the zero-dispersion wavelength and the obtaining of anomalous dispersion needed for soliton generation at the pump wavelength of 3.5 μm, whereas the zero-dispersion wavelength of the analyzed As2S3 glass is ~4.8 μm. It is shown that, for the optimized characteristics of microbubble resonators, optical frequency combs with a spectral width of more than 700 nm (at the level of −30 dB) can be obtained with the low pump power of 10 mW.
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Woodward RI, Majewski MR, Macadam N, Hu G, Albrow-Owen T, Hasan T, Jackson SD. Q-switched Dy:ZBLAN fiber lasers beyond 3 μm: comparison of pulse generation using acousto-optic modulation and inkjet-printed black phosphorus. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15032-15045. [PMID: 31163942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report high-energy mid-infrared pulse generation by Q-switching of dysprosium-doped fiber lasers for the first time. Two different modulation techniques are demonstrated. Firstly, using active acousto-optic modulation, pulses are produced with up to 12 μJ energy and durations as short as 270 ns, with variable repetition rates from 100 Hz to 20 kHz and central wavelengths tunable from 2.97 to 3.23 μm. Experiments are supported by numerical modeling, identifying routes for improved pulse energies and to avoid multi-pulsing by careful choice of modulator parameters. Secondly, we demonstrate passive Q-switching by fabricating an inkjet-printed black phosphorus saturable absorber, simplifying the cavity and generating 1.0 μJ pulses with 740 ns duration. The performance and relative merits of each modulation approach are then critically discussed. These demonstrations highlight the potential of dysprosium as a versatile gain medium for high-performance pulsed sources beyond 3 μm.
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He J, Tao L, Zhang H, Zhou B, Li J. Emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for ultrashort pulse generation in fiber lasers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2577-2593. [PMID: 30693933 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber lasers have significant applications in ultra-precision manufacturing, medical diagnostics, medical treatment, precision measurement and astronomical detection, owing to their ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak-power. Since graphene was first explored as an optical saturable absorber for passively mode-locked lasers in 2009, many other 2D materials beyond graphene, including phosphorene, antimonene, bismuthene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), topological insulators (TIs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes, have been successively explored, resulting in rapid development of novel 2D materials-based saturable absorbers. Herein, we review the latest progress of the emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for passively mode-locked fiber laser application. These 2D materials are classified into mono-elemental, dual-elemental and multi-elemental 2D materials. The atomic structure, band structure, nonlinear optical properties, and preparation methods of 2D materials are summarized. Diverse integration strategies for applying 2D materials into fiber laser systems are introduced, and the mode-locking performance of the 2D materials-based fiber lasers working at 1-3 μm are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing 2D materials-based mode-locked fiber lasers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan He
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Maes F, Stihler C, Pleau LP, Fortin V, Limpert J, Bernier M, Vallée R. 3.42 µm lasing in heavily-erbium-doped fluoride fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2170-2183. [PMID: 30732258 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate laser emission at 3.4μm in heavily-erbium-doped fluoride fibers using dual-wavelength pumping. To this extent, a monolithic 7 mol% erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser bounded by intracore fiber Bragg gratings at 3.42 μm is used to demonstrate a record efficiency of 38.6 % with respect to the 1976 nm pump. Through numerical modeling, we show that similar laser performances at 3.4 μm can be expected in fluoride fibers with erbium concentrations ranging between 1 - 7 mol%, although power scaling should rely on lightly-doped fibers to mitigate the heat load. Moreover, this work studies transverse mode-beating of the 1976 nm core pump and its role in the generation of a periodic luminescent grating and in the trapping of excitation in the metastable energy levels of the erbium system. Finally, we also report on the bistability of the 3.42 μm output power of the 7 mol% erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser.
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Luo H, Yang J, Liu F, Hu Z, Xu Y, Yan F, Peng H, Ouellette F, Li J, Liu Y. Watt-level gain-switched fiber laser at 3.46 μm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1367-1375. [PMID: 30696203 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a gain-switched fiber laser, yielding a maximum average power of 1.04 W at 3.46 μm, which is the current record of a pulsed rare-earth-doped fiber laser at the wavelength beyond 3 μm, to our knowledge. The corresponding pulse energy is 10.4 μJ with a repetition rate of 100 kHz. A dual-wavelength pumping scheme consisting of a home-made 1950 nm passively Q-switched fiber laser system with a μs-scale pulse width. A 976 nm continuous wave laser diode was used to gain-switch a double-cladding Er-doped ZBLAN fiber laser cavity. Possible laser-quenching behavior during a single-pump pulse was circumvented for the moderate pump peak power and relatively large-pump pulse width. Synchronous gain-switched pulses were achieved with a tunable repetition rate at a wide range of 55~120 kHz, which is the highest gain-switching repetition rate at this band and only limited by our pulsed-pump source. Moreover, the significance of pump pulse width for repetition rate improvement is also discussed. These results provide an available way to produce high-power pulses at the mid-infrared range of 3~5 μm.
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Guo Q, Qin Z, Wang Z, Weng YX, Liu X, Xie G, Qiu J. Broadly Tunable Plasmons in Doped Oxide Nanoparticles for Ultrafast and Broadband Mid-Infrared All-Optical Switching. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12770-12777. [PMID: 30495926 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmons in conducting nanostructures offer the means to efficiently manipulate light at the nanoscale with subpicosecond speed in an all-optical operation fashion, thus allowing for construction of high performance all-optical signal-processing devices. Here, by exploiting the ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of broadly tunable mid-infrared (MIR) plasmons in solution-processed, degenerately doped oxide nanoparticles, we demonstrate ultrafast all-optical switching in the MIR region, which features subpicosecond response speed (with recovery time constant of <400 fs) as well as an ultrabroadband response spectral range (covering 3.0-5.0 μm). Furthermore, with the degenerately doped nanoparticles as Q-switch, pulsed fiber lasers covering 2.0-3.5 μm were constructed, of which a watt-level fiber laser at 3.0 μm band shows superior overall performance among previously reported passively Q-switched fiber lasers at the same band. Notably, the degenerately doped nanoparticles show great potential to work in the spectral range over 3.0 μm, which is beyond the accessibility of commercially available but expensive semiconducting saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Our work demonstrates a versatile while cost-effective material solution to ultrafast photonics in the technologically important MIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangbing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhipeng Qin
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yu-Xiang Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), School of Physics and Astronomy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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Bawden N, Matsukuma H, Henderson-Sapir O, Klantsataya E, Tokita S, Ottaway DJ. Actively Q-switched dual-wavelength pumped Er 3+ :ZBLAN fiber laser at 3.47 µm. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2724-2727. [PMID: 29856377 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first actively Q-switched fiber laser operating in the 3.5 μm regime. The dual-wavelength pumped system makes use of an Er3+ doped ZBLAN fiber and a germanium acousto-optic modulator. Robust Q-switching saw a pulse energy of 7.8 μJ achieved at a repetition rate of 15 kHz, corresponding to a peak power of 14.5 W.
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