1
|
Upadhyay V, Lucas A, Patrick C, Mallela KMG. Isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance methods to probe protein-protein interactions. Methods 2024; 225:52-61. [PMID: 38492901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are two commonly used methods to probe biomolecular interactions. ITC can provide information about the binding affinity, stoichiometry, changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity upon binding. SPR can provide information about the association and dissociation kinetics, binding affinity, and stoichiometry. Both methods can determine the nature of protein-protein interactions and help understand the physicochemical principles underlying complex biochemical pathways and communication networks. This methods article discusses the practical knowledge of how to set up and troubleshoot these two experiments with some examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Casey Patrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Krishna M G Mallela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shao W, Cui W, Hu J, Wang Y, Tang J, Li X. Planar hot-electron photodetection with polarity-switchable photocurrents controlled by the working wavelength. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:25220-25229. [PMID: 37475332 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Hot-electron photodetection is attracting increasing interests. Based on internal photoemission mechanism, hot-electron photodetectors (HE PDs) convert incident photon energy into measurable photocurrent. To obtain polarity-switchable photocurrent, one often applies electric bias to reverse the hot-electron flow. However, the employment of bias reduces the device flexibility and increasing the bias voltage degrades the detectivity of the device. Herein, we design a planar HE PD with the polarity-switchable photocurrent controlled by the working wavelength. Optical simulations show that the device exhibits two absorption peaks due to the resonances of two Tamm plasmons (TPs). Electrical calculations predict two corresponding TP-assisted responsivity peaks, but with opposite photocurrent polarities, which are determined by the hot-electron flows with opposite directions. We find that the hot-electron flows are closely related with the population differences of TP-induced hot electrons in two electrodes. We further demonstrate that the photocurrent polarity of the HE PD can be switched by altering working wavelength from one TP wavelength to the other. We believe that this approach paves a route to achieve flexible hot-electron photodetection for extensive applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Patra A, Saha A, Bhattacharya K. Efficient Storage and Encryption of 32-Slice CT Scan Images Using Phase Grating. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023; 48:1757-1770. [PMID: 35765311 PMCID: PMC9226269 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Medical images are treated as sensitive as it carries patients' confidential information and hence must be protected from unauthorized access. So, a strong encryption mechanism is a primary criterion to transmit these images over the internet to protect them from intruders. In many existing algorithms, noise affection in the extracted images is high, hence not suitable for medical data encryption. Here, we present a new method using phase grating to multiplex as well as encrypting 32 cross-sectional CT scan images (slices) in a single canvas for optimization of storage space and improvement of security. The entire process is divided into a few steps. Before transmission, the main canvas is encrypted with the help of a random phase matrix. The main canvas is further encrypted by the transposition method to enhance security. After decryption, inverse Fourier transform is applied at the proper location of the decrypted canvas to extract the images from the spectra. Quality is measured with peak-signal-to-noise ratio and correlation coefficient methods. Here, it is greater than 38 and the correlation coefficient is close to 1 for all images, thereby indicating of good quality of extracted images. The effect of three common cyber-attacks (viz. known-plaintext attack, chosen-plaintext attack, and chosen-ciphertext attack) is also presented here. The correlation coefficient during cyber-attacks is found to be close to zero, which implies the robustness of the algorithm against cyber-attacks. Finally, a comparison with existing techniques shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Patra
- Department of ECE, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, India
- Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of ECE, B P Poddar Institute of Management and Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Kallol Bhattacharya
- Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen H, Li X, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu Y, Li H, Shentu B. Rational Fabrication of Ag Nanocone Arrays Embedded with Ag NPs and Their Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46769-46776. [PMID: 36570300 PMCID: PMC9773957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal lithography is used to design and construct a high-performance plasmonic sensor based on Ag nanocone arrays embedded with Ag NPs. The surface plasmon polariton (SPP) of the Ag nanocone array and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag NPs inside the nanocones can both couple incident photons. Sharp reflectance troughs are considerably enhanced by coupling the SPPs and LSPR, which is made possible by carefully tuning the nanocone sizes. To maximize the line shape and sensitivity, other geometric factors, such as the thickness of the silver layer and the size of the Ag NPs, are modified. Finite-difference time-domain computations confirm these hypotheses and experimental findings. We use well-researched solvents with various refractive indices as a model system to demonstrate good sensing performance as a proof of concept. The crystal used in this investigation has the ideal refractive index sensitivity, having 500 nm lattice constant, 350 nm nanocone height, and 350 nm base diameter (aspect ratio = 1). The Ag nanocone array embedded with Ag NPs is a good contender for a sensing platform due to its compact structure and efficient read-out apparatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Chen
- College
of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- State
Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang
Yuhua Timber Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314101, China
| | - Xing Li
- Zhejiang
Yuhua Timber Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314101, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College
of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yan Li
- College
of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yingfeng Yu
- College
of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Haidong Li
- College
of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Baoqing Shentu
- State
Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shao W, Yang X, Hu J, Wang Y. Bias voltage-tuned hot-electron optical sensing with planar Au-MoS 2-Au junction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43172-43181. [PMID: 36523021 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting photoexcited hot electrons in metals promises a number of benefits in optical sensing. In practice, hot-electron optical sensors with tunable performance in electrical sensitivity are still absent. Herein, we propose a design to realize tunable hot-electron optical sensing. The proposed device consists of a one-dimensional grating deposited on a planar Au-MoS2-Au junction that is used for efficient hot-electron harvesting. Photoelectric simulations show that when grating-assisted plasmonic resonance is excited, bias voltage between two Au layers can be used to manipulate the magnitude and polarity of responsivity at the working wavelength. Therefore, the change in responsivity that originates from the change in refractive index of analyte in which the device is immersed can also be tuned by applied voltage. It is found that when bias voltage is 1 V, the electrical sensitivity doubled compared with that when applied voltage is absent. We believe the bias voltage-tuned strategy that is applied to planar hot-electron harvesting junctions facilitates the development of optical sensing.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoshinaga T, Hashimoto K, Teranishi N, Ono A. Photon confinement in a silicon cavity of an image sensor by plasmonic diffraction for near-infrared absorption enhancement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35516-35525. [PMID: 36258501 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based image sensors are attractive for applications in the near-infrared (NIR) range owing to their low-cost and high availability. However, novel approaches are required to enhance their light absorption, hindered by the silicon band gap. In this study, we proposed a light trapping strategy in a silicon absorption layer by plasmonic diffraction and reflection within a pixel to improve the sensitivity at a specific NIR wavelength for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensors. The plasmonic grating diffracted light under the quasi-resonant condition of the surface plasmon polaritons. We simulated the silicon absorption efficiency for plasmonic diffraction combined with metal-filled trenches and a pre-metal dielectric (PMD) layer. Backward propagation light in silicon by a total internal reflection at the bottom decoupled with plasmonic grating. A single SiO2 protrusion was added at the silicon bottom to prevent decoupling by scattering the light in the silicon and trapping it within the pixel. In addition, the light transmitted to the PMD layer is reflected by the wiring layer used as a mirror. The photon confinement in silicon by these constructions improved the absorption by approximately 8.2 times at an NIR wavelength of 940 nm with 3-µm-thick. It is useful for NIR imaging system with active laser illumination.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hasler R, Reiner-Rozman C, Fossati S, Aspermair P, Dostalek J, Lee S, Ibáñez M, Bintinger J, Knoll W. Field-Effect Transistor with a Plasmonic Fiber Optic Gate Electrode as a Multivariable Biosensor Device. ACS Sens 2022; 7:504-512. [PMID: 35134289 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel multivariable system, combining a transistor with fiber optic-based surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy with the gate electrode simultaneously acting as the fiber optic sensor surface, is reported. The dual-mode sensor allows for discrimination of mass and charge contributions for binding assays on the same sensor surface. Furthermore, we optimize the sensor geometry by investigating the influence of the fiber area to transistor channel area ratio and distance. We show that larger fiber optic tip diameters are favorable for electronic and optical signals and demonstrate the reversibility of plasmon resonance wavelength shifts after electric field application. As a proof of principle, a layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes is performed to benchmark the system against multivariable sensing platforms with planar surface plasmon resonance configurations. Furthermore, the biosensing performance is assessed using a thrombin binding assay with surface-immobilized aptamers as receptors, allowing for the detection of medically relevant thrombin concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Hasler
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ciril Reiner-Rozman
- Danube Private University, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Stefan Fossati
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Patrik Aspermair
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- FZU-Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Seungho Lee
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Bintinger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Danube Private University, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Danube Private University, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Q, Ren ZH, Zhao WM, Wang L, Yan X, Zhu AS, Qiu FM, Zhang KK. Research advances on surface plasmon resonance biosensors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:564-591. [PMID: 34940766 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05400g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon is of wide interest due to its sensitivity to changes in surface refractive index for the label-free, highly sensitive and rapid detection of biomarkers. This paper reviews research progress on SPR biosensors modified with different substrate structures and surface materials, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI), and SPR-enhanced electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensors for applications in biosensing in the last five years. This paper focuses on the research on the application of the SPR phenomenon in the field of bio-detection, reviews the sensing characteristics of SPR biosensors with substrate structures of prisms, gratings, and optical fibers, and summarizes and analyzes the sensitivity and interference resistance of SPR sensors with surface modification of different materials (high-refractive index dielectric films, metallic micro- and nanostructures, and surface antifouling materials). Considering that imaging is an important tool for biomedical detection, this paper reviews the research progress on SPRI technology in the field of biomedical detection. In addition, this paper also reviews the research progress on SPR-enhanced ECL biosensors in the field of biosensing. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the development trends of biosensing technology in terms of portable high-precision SPR sensors, reduction of self-loss of thin film materials, optimization of image processing techniques and simplification of electrode modification for ECL sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries (Northeastern University), Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Han Ren
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Wan-Ming Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xin Yan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Ai-Song Zhu
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Mei Qiu
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Ke Zhang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266061, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Wang S, Liu C. Optical multi-image encryption based on focal length multiplexing and multimode phase retrieval. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7801-7812. [PMID: 32976450 DOI: 10.1364/ao.398459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel optical multi-image encryption method based on focal length multiplexing and multimode phase retrieval is proposed in this study. During the encryption process of the proposed method, multiple secret images were encrypted into a single intensity-only image using focal length multiplexing and a coherent diffractive imaging-based encryption system. A specially designed iterative algorithm based on multimode phase retrieval is proposed for the accurate decryption of the original multiple secret images from the intensity pattern. The advantages of the proposed method include a compact optical setup and high decryption quality. The feasibility, security, and robustness of the proposed method were investigated by numerical simulations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan S, Wang L, Liu X, Zhou X. Forgery attack on optical encryption based on computational ghost imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3917-3920. [PMID: 32667318 DOI: 10.1364/ol.392424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Attack techniques on a cryptosystem include not only cryptanalysis, but also forgery and modification of messages, deception and confusion on both sender and receiver sides, and so on. In this Letter, we show that an optical encryption system based on computational ghost imaging (CGI) has security vulnerability owing to its high tolerance for error deviation of ciphertext. It leaves a chance for a forgery attack in which attackers can forge a set of fake keys according to the intercepted ciphertext. If the forged key can be transmitted to the receiver by some disguised means, he/she may be cheated or confused by the retrieved fake images. The discovery of this vulnerability may also help upgrade the CGI-based encryption system.
Collapse
|