1
|
Deng L, Cai Z, Liu Y. Functionality Expansion of Guided Mode Radiation via On-Chip Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9042-9049. [PMID: 39008655 PMCID: PMC11273620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
On-chip metasurfaces play a crucial role in bridging the guided mode and free-space light, enabling full control over the wavefront of scattered free-space light in an optimally compact manner. Recently, researchers have introduced various methods and on-chip metasurfaces to engineer the radiation of guided modes, but the total functions that a single metasurface can achieve are still relatively limited. In this work, we propose a novel on-chip metasurface design that can multiplex up to four distinct functions. We can efficiently control the polarization state, phase, angular momentum, and beam profile of the radiated waves by tailoring the geometry of V-shaped nanoantennas integrated on a slab waveguide. We demonstrate several innovative on-chip metasurfaces for switchable focusing/defocusing and for multifunctional generators of orbital angular momentum beams. Our on-chip metasurface design is expected to advance modern integrated photonics, offering applications in optical data storage, optical interconnection, augmented reality, and virtual reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ziqiang Cai
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hsieh PY, Fang SL, Lin YS, Huang WH, Shieh JM, Yu P, Chang YC. Metasurfaces on silicon photonic waveguides for simultaneous emission phase and amplitude control. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:12487-12496. [PMID: 37157407 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chip-scale photonic systems that manipulate free-space emission have recently attracted attention for applications such as free-space optical communications and solid-state LiDAR. Silicon photonics, as a leading platform for chip-scale integration, needs to offer more versatile control of free-space emission. Here we integrate metasurfaces on silicon photonic waveguides to generate free-space emission with controlled phase and amplitude profiles. We demonstrate experimentally structured beams, including a focused Gaussian beam and a Hermite-Gaussian TEM10 beam, as well as holographic image projections. Our approach is monolithic and CMOS-compatible. The simultaneous phase and amplitude control enable more faithful generation of structured beams and speckle-reduced projection of holographic images.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lei Y, Xiong Y, Xu F, Chen Z. Metasurface around the side surface of an optical fiber for light focusing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40916-40924. [PMID: 36299016 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical fibers integrated with metasurfaces have drawn tremendous interest in recent years due to the great potential for revolutionizing and functionalizing traditional optics. However, in most cases, metasurfaces have been placed on the fiber end-facet where the area is quite limited. Here, by dressing a series of identical dielectric rings around the side surface of the microfiber and adjusting their positions along the microfiber axis, we extracted guided waves into free-space radiation with continuously controllable phase shift and achieved circular-arc-shaped line focusing. We demonstrated that the off-fiber foci could be rotated around the fiber axis by tuning the polarization of the guided waves. In addition, we demonstrated that the shape of the focus could be further tuned by introducing symmetry breaking into the dielectric rings. Our study provides a new dimension for the design of optical fiber devices decorated with metasurfaces.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ha Y, Guo Y, Pu M, Xu M, Li X, Ma X, Zou F, Luo X. Meta-Optics-Empowered Switchable Integrated Mode Converter Based on the Adjoint Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3395. [PMID: 36234521 PMCID: PMC9565330 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic integrated mode converters with high integration are essential to photonic integrated circuits (PICs), and they are widely used in next-generation optical communications and complex quantum systems. It is expected that PICs will become more miniaturized, multifunctional, and intelligent with the development of micro/nano-technology. The increase in design space makes it difficult to realize high-performance device design based on traditional parameter sweeping or heuristic design, especially in the optimal design of reconfigurable PIC devices. Combining the mode coupling theory and adjoint calculation method, we proposed a design method for a switchable mode converter. The device could realize the transmission of TE0 mode and the conversion from TE0 to TE1 mode with a footprint of 0.9 × 7.5 μm2 based on the phase change materials (PCMs). We also found that the mode purity could reach 78.2% in both states at the working wavelength of 1.55 μm. The designed method will provide a new impetus for programmable photonic integrated devices and find broad application prospects in communication, optical neural networks, and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Ha
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meng Y, Chen Y, Lu L, Ding Y, Cusano A, Fan JA, Hu Q, Wang K, Xie Z, Liu Z, Yang Y, Liu Q, Gong M, Xiao Q, Sun S, Zhang M, Yuan X, Ni X. Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:235. [PMID: 34811345 PMCID: PMC8608813 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits, giving rise to numerous meta-waveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves. Here, we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms, such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers. Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized. Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials, either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs, are cataloged as well. We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems, by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance, or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities. We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits, biomedical sensing, artificial intelligence and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Longhui Lu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yimin Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronic Division, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qiaomu Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhoutian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Shulin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shiratori R, Nakata M, Hayashi K, Baba T. Particle swarm optimization of silicon photonic crystal waveguide transition. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1904-1907. [PMID: 33857100 DOI: 10.1364/ol.422551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Slow light generated through silicon (Si) photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) is useful for improving the performance of Si photonic devices. However, the accumulation of coupling loss between a PCW and Si optical wiring waveguides is a problem when slow-light devices are connected in a series in a photonic integrated circuit. Previously, we reported a tapered transition structure between these waveguides and observed a coupling loss of 0.46 dB per transition. This Letter employed particle swarm optimization to engineer the arrangement of photonic crystal holes to reduce loss and succeeded in demonstrating theoretical loss value of 0.12 dB on average in the wavelength range of 1540-1560 nm and an experimental one of 0.21 dB. Crucially, this structure enhances the versatility of slow light.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ha Y, Guo Y, Pu M, Li X, Ma X, Zhang Z, Luo X. Monolithic‐Integrated Multiplexed Devices Based on Metasurface‐Driven Guided Waves. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Ha
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 350 Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 350 Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 350 Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 350 Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 350 Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zuojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 350 Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 350 Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|