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Lou C, Dai J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu X, Ma Y. Highly sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy oxygen sensor with co-coupling photoelectric and thermoelastic effect of quartz tuning fork. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100515. [PMID: 37252649 PMCID: PMC10220281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) gas detection method based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-coated quartz tuning fork (QTF) was proposed. By coating CH3NH3PbI3 thin film on the surface of ordinary QTF, a Schottky junction with silver electrodes was formed. The co-coupling of photoelectric effect and thermoelastic effect of CH3NH3PbI3-QTF results in a significant improvement in detection performance. The oxygen (O2) was select as the target analyte for measurement, and experimental results show that compared with the commercial standard QTF, the introduction of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite Schottky junction increases the 2f signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by ∼106 times and ∼114 times, respectively. The minimum detection limit (MDL) of this LITES system is 260 ppm, and the corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) is 9.21 × 10-13 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2. The Allan analysis of variance results indicate that when the average time is 564 s, the detection sensitivity can reach 83 ppm. This is the first time that QTF resonance detection has been combined with perovskite Schottky junctions for highly sensitive optical gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunguang Lou
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jialiang Dai
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiuling Liu
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Xu L, Liu K, Liang J, Li J, Zhou S. Micro-Quartz Crystal Tuning Fork-Based Photodetector Array for Trace Gas Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6955-6961. [PMID: 37083340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a micro-quartz crystal tuning fork (M-QCTF) was first demonstrated for developing a low-cost, highly sensitive quartz tuning fork photodetector array for spectroscopic applications. A gas sensing system based on the M-QCTF photodetector and highly sensitive wavelength modulation spectroscopy was developed. Typically, an atmospheric greenhouse gas methane (CH4) molecule was selected as the target analyte for evaluating the M-QCTF and standard commercial QCTF detectivity. The results indicate that the M-QCTF photodetector exhibits ∼3.3 times sensitivity enhancement compared to the standard commercial QCTF. The long-term stability was evaluated by using the Allan deviation analysis method; a minimum detection limit of 1.2 ppm was achieved with an optimal integration time of 85 s, and the corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient was calculated to be 4.45 × 10-10 cm-1 W/√Hz. Finally, a two-M-QCTF array detection scheme was experimentally demonstrated, and a signal-to-noise ratio enhancement factor of more than 1.7 times compared to that achieved using a single M-QCTF photodetector was realized, which proves a great potential for developing ultra-sensitive quartz tuning fork photodetector arrays for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linguang Xu
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- School of Mathematics Physics and Finance, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingqiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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Lou C, Dai J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu X, Li R, Ma Y. Quartz tuning fork-based high sensitive photodetector by co-coupling photoelectric and the thermoelastic effect of perovskite. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10027-10037. [PMID: 37157554 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a new strategy for enhancing the photoresponse of a quartz tuning fork (QTF). A deposited light absorbing layer on the surface of QTF could improve the performance only to a certain extent. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to construct a Schottky junction on the QTF. The Schottky junction presented here consists of a silver-perovskite, which has extremely high light absorption coefficient and dramatically high power conversion efficiency. The co-coupling of the perovskite's photoelectric effect and its related QTF thermoelastic effect leads to a dramatic improvement in the radiation detection performance. Experimental results indicate that the CH3NH3PbI3-QTF obtains two orders of magnitude enhancement in sensitivity and SNR, and the 1σ detection limit was calculated to be 1.9 µW. It was the first time that the QTF resonance detection and perovskite Schottky junction was combined for optical detection. The presented design could be used in photoacoustic spectroscopy and thermoelastic spectroscopy for trace gas sensing.
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Wu Q, Lv H, Li J, Yang Z, Kan R, Giglio M, Zhu W, Zhong Y, Sampaolo A, Patimisco P, Spagnolo V, Yu J, Zheng H. Side-excitation light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:562-565. [PMID: 36723531 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, a side-excitation light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (SE-LITES) technique was developed for trace gas detection. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) was used as a transducer for photon detection by the thermoelastic effect. The mechanical stress distribution on the QTF surface was analyzed to identify the optimum thermoelastic excitation approach. The electrode film on the QTF surface also works as a partially reflective layer to obtain a long optical absorption path inside the QTF body. With the long optical absorption length and the inner face excitation of the QTF, the thermoelastic effect was greatly enhanced. With an optimized modulation depth, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of more than one order of magnitude was achieved, compared to traditional LITES.
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Rossi J, Uotila J, Sharma S, Hieta T, Laurila T, Teissier R, Baranov A, Ikonen E, Vainio M. Optical power detector with broad spectral coverage, high detectivity, and large dynamic range. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1689-1692. [PMID: 35363719 DOI: 10.1364/ol.455191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical power measurements are needed in practically all technologies based on light. Here, we report a general-purpose optical power detector based on the photoacoustic effect. Optical power incident on the detector's black absorber produces an acoustic signal, which is further converted into an electrical signal using a silicon-cantilever pressure transducer. We demonstrate an exceptionally large spectral coverage from ultraviolet to far infrared, with the possibility for further extension to the terahertz region. The linear dynamic range of the detector reaches 80 dB, ranging from a noise-equivalent power of 6 n W/H z to 600 mW (independent of signal averaging time).
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Ma Y, Hu Y, Qiao S, Lang Z, Liu X, He Y, Spagnolo V. Quartz tuning forks resonance frequency matching for laser spectroscopy sensing. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 25:100329. [PMID: 35070687 PMCID: PMC8762071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the performance of quartz tuning fork (QTF) based laser spectroscopy sensing employing multiple QTFs. To avoid that resonance frequency mismatching of the QTFs degrades the sensor performance, two types of resonance frequency matching method are here proposed. A system based on the coupling of two sensing modules, one based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and one on light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) technique, was realized to validate the proposed methods. Each module employed a different QTF (QTF1 and QTF2, respectively). Operating temperature or pressure of QTF2 were regulated to match the resonance frequency of QTF1, which operated at 25.0 °C and atmospheric pressure. Without regulation, the difference between QTF1 and QTF2 resonance frequencies was 2.42 Hz and the superposition coefficient η was only 54.7%. When the temperature regulation was carried out, at a QTF2 operating temperature of 67.5 °C, an optimal η value of 95.0% was obtained. For the pressure regulation approach, if operating QTF2 at pressure of 500 Torr, η reached a value of 97.2%. The obtained results show that the proposed two methods are effective in resonance frequency matching of QTFs for gas sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yinqiu Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shunda Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziting Lang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Vincenzo Spagnolo
- PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
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Liang T, Qiao S, Lang Z, Ma Y. Highly Sensitive Trace Gas Detection Based on In-Plane Single-Quartz-Enhanced Dual Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1035. [PMID: 35161782 PMCID: PMC8840422 DOI: 10.3390/s22031035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For this invited manuscript, an in-plane single-quartz-enhanced dual spectroscopy (IP-SQEDS)-based trace gas sensor was demonstrated for the first time. A single quartz tuning fork (QTF) was employed to combine in-plane quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (IP-QEPAS) with light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) techniques. Water vapor (H2O) was chosen as the target gas. Compared to traditional QEPAS, IP-SQEDS not only allowed for simple structures, but also obtained nearly three times signal amplitude enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (T.L.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.)
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Qiao S, Ma Y, He Y, Patimisco P, Sampaolo A, Spagnolo V. Ppt level carbon monoxide detection based on light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy exploring custom quartz tuning forks and a mid-infrared QCL. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25100-25108. [PMID: 34614848 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on an ultra-highly sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES)-based carbon monoxide (CO) sensor exploiting custom quartz tuning forks (QTFs) as a photodetector, a multi-pass cell and a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) for the first time. The QCL emitting at 4.58 µm with output power of 145 mW was employed as exciting source and the multi-pass cell was employed to increase the gas absorption pathlength. To reduce the noise level, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and second harmonic demodulation techniques were exploited. Three QTFs including two custom QTFs (#1 and #2) with different geometries and a commercial standard QTF (#3) were tested as photodetector in the gas sensor. When the integration time of the system was set at 200 ms, minimum detection limits (MDLs) of 750 part-per-trillion (ppt), 4.6 part-per-billion (ppb) and 5.8 ppb were achieved employing QTF #1 #2, and #3, respectively. A full sensor calibration was achieved using the most sensitive QTF#1, demonstrating an excellent linear response with CO concentration.
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