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Pérez DG, Farfán-Bachiloglu H, Sepúlveda M. Spatiotemporal statistics of optical turbulence beyond Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2024; 41:B135-B143. [PMID: 38856432 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.520550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Currently, limitations in modeling the temporal behavior of light propagating through atmospheric turbulence stem from the Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis (TFTH). Indeed, under certain conditions it has been reported to be unreliable, often leading to inaccurate predictions. On the other hand, in fluid dynamics an alternative has been validated: the random sweeping hypothesis. Nevertheless, its applicability to optical turbulence has remained unexplored. This work introduces the first, to the best of our knowledge, controlled experiment testing this hypothesis on the spatiotemporal properties from image wander. The existence of two characteristic times is observed, one associated with TFTH decorrelation and a second potentially linked to the sweeping hypothesis.
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Mozaffarilegha M, Movahed SMS. Long-range temporal correlation in Auditory Brainstem Responses to Spoken Syllable/da/. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1751. [PMID: 30741968 PMCID: PMC6370814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The speech auditory brainstem response (sABR) is an objective clinical tool to diagnose particular impairments along the auditory brainstem pathways. We explore the scaling behavior of the brainstem in response to synthetic /da/ stimuli using a proposed pipeline including Multifractal Detrended Moving Average Analysis (MFDMA) modified by Singular Value Decomposition. The scaling exponent confirms that all normal sABR are classified into the non-stationary process. The average Hurst exponent is H = 0:77 ± 0:12 at 68% confidence interval indicating long-range correlation which shows the first universality behavior of sABR. Our findings exhibit that fluctuations in the sABR series are dictated by a mechanism associated with long-term memory of the dynamic of the auditory system in the brainstem level. The q-dependency of h(q) demonstrates that underlying data sets have multifractal nature revealing the second universality behavior of the normal sABR samples. Comparing Hurst exponent of original sABR with the results of the corresponding shuffled and surrogate series, we conclude that its multifractality is almost due to the long-range temporal correlations which are devoted to the third universality. Finally, the presence of long-range correlation which is related to the slow timescales in the subcortical level and integration of information in the brainstem network is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mozaffarilegha
- Ibn-Sina Multidisciplinary laboratory, Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, P.O.Box: 1983969411, Iran
| | - S M S Movahed
- Ibn-Sina Multidisciplinary laboratory, Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, P.O.Box: 1983969411, Iran. .,Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, P.O.Box: 1983969411, Iran.
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Olivares F, Zunino L, Gulich D, Pérez DG, Rosso OA. Multiscale permutation entropy analysis of laser beam wandering in isotropic turbulence. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:042207. [PMID: 29347549 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.042207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have experimentally quantified the temporal structural diversity from the coordinate fluctuations of a laser beam propagating through isotropic optical turbulence. The main focus here is on the characterization of the long-range correlations in the wandering of a thin Gaussian laser beam over a screen after propagating through a turbulent medium. To fulfill this goal, a laboratory-controlled experiment was conducted in which coordinate fluctuations of the laser beam were recorded at a sufficiently high sampling rate for a wide range of turbulent conditions. Horizontal and vertical displacements of the laser beam centroid were subsequently analyzed by implementing the symbolic technique based on ordinal patterns to estimate the well-known permutation entropy. We show that the permutation entropy estimations at multiple time scales evidence an interplay between different dynamical behaviors. More specifically, a crossover between two different scaling regimes is observed. We confirm a transition from an integrated stochastic process contaminated with electronic noise to a fractional Brownian motion with a Hurst exponent H=5/6 as the sampling time increases. Besides, we are able to quantify, from the estimated entropy, the amount of electronic noise as a function of the turbulence strength. We have also demonstrated that these experimental observations are in very good agreement with numerical simulations of noisy fractional Brownian motions with a well-defined crossover between two different scaling regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Olivares
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso (PUCV), 23-40025 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Luciano Zunino
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CONICET La Plata - CIC), C.C. 3, 1897 Gonnet, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Damián Gulich
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.,Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, CONICET, UNLP, Calle 59 Número 789, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Darío G Pérez
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso (PUCV), 23-40025 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Osvaldo A Rosso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), BR 104 Norte km 97, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.,Departamento de Informática en Salud, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, C1199ABB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Complex Systems Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Avenida Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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Gulich D. Temporal correlations imaging fixed targets through turbulence. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:2855-2858. [PMID: 27304306 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the temporal correlations from dynamic imaging through turbulence using incoherent light from fixed high-contrast targets. We conduct our experiment in controlled laboratory conditions using several values of the Cn2 constant from the weak to strong fluctuation regime. We employ detrended fluctuation analysis to measure long-range correlations while considering scintillation information for every recorded pixel. We find that turbulence strength generally increases temporal correlations in time series from pixels in high-contrast regions of the image.
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Zunino L, Gulich D, Funes G, Pérez DG. Turbulence-induced persistence in laser beam wandering. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3145-3148. [PMID: 26125388 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally confirmed the presence of long-memory correlations in the wandering of a thin Gaussian laser beam over a screen after propagating through a turbulent medium. A laboratory-controlled experiment was conducted in which coordinate fluctuations of the laser beam were recorded at a sufficiently high sampling rate for a wide range of turbulent conditions. Horizontal and vertical displacements of the laser beam centroid were subsequently analyzed by implementing detrended fluctuation analysis. This is a very well-known and widely used methodology to unveil memory effects from time series. Results obtained from this experimental analysis allow us to confirm that both coordinates behave as highly persistent signals for strong turbulent intensities. This finding is relevant for a better comprehension and modeling of the turbulence effects in free-space optical communication systems and other applications related to propagation of optical signals in the atmosphere.
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