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Ikuta M, Wu TY, Mach AT, Altshuler A, Yan X, Houskeeper JH, Yamamoto A, Tatsumi S, Iwata KI, Ryu J, Zeidan A, Tearney GJ, Takeuchi S. RGB-color forward-viewing spectrally encoded endoscope using three orders of diffraction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1036-1049. [PMID: 33680558 PMCID: PMC7901315 DOI: 10.1364/boe.415852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) is an ultra-miniature endoscopy technology that encodes each spatial location on the sample with a different wavelength. One challenge in SEE is achieving color imaging with a small probe. We present a novel SEE probe that is capable of conducting real-time RGB imaging using three diffraction orders (6th order diffraction of the blue spectrum, 5th of green, and 4th of red). The probe was comprised of rotating 0.5 mm-diameter illumination optics inside a static, 1.2 mm-diameter flexible sheath with a rigid distal length of 5 mm containing detection fibers. A color chart, resolution target, and swine tissue were imaged. The device achieved 44k/59k/23k effective pixels per R/G/B channels over a 58° angular field and differentiated a wide gamut of colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ikuta
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Wu
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anderson T. Mach
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Altshuler
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuri Yan
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James H. Houskeeper
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Shumpei Tatsumi
- Production Engineering Headquarters, Canon Inc., Kawasaki 212-8602, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Iwata
- Production Engineering Headquarters, Canon Inc., Kawasaki 212-8602, Japan
| | - Jiheun Ryu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adel Zeidan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seiji Takeuchi
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Zeidan A, Do D, Kang D, Ikuta M, Ryu J, Tearney GJ. High-Resolution, Wide-Field, Forward-Viewing Spectrally Encoded Endoscope. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:808-814. [PMID: 31129921 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) is an optical imaging technology that uses spatial wavelength multiplexing to conduct endoscopy in miniature, small diameter probes. Contrary to the previous side-viewing SEE devices, forward-viewing SEE probes are advantageous as they provide a look ahead that facilitates navigation and surveillance. The objective of this work was to develop a miniature forward-viewing SEE probe with a wide field of view and a high spatial resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed and developed a forward-viewing SEE device with an overall total diameter of 1.27 mm, which consists of a monolithic illumination probe with a length of 3.87 mm and a diameter of 500 µm, 8 multimode detection fibers that were polished at a 17° angle, a rotational scanning mechanism, and a sheath. The SEE device was evaluated using a USAF resolution target and was used for preclinical imaging of a swine joint ex vivo. RESULTS This design resulted in a high resolution probe (best spatial resolution of 20.3 µm), a wide total angular field of view of 100°, and an effective number of imaging elements of ~344,000 pixels. The SEE probe performance was compared to a commercial color chip-on-the-tip endoscope; while monochrome, results showed better spatial resolution and a wider field of view for the SEE device. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the potential of this forward-viewing SEE probe for visualization and navigation in medical imaging applications. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Zeidan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Dukho Do
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Dongkyun Kang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Mitsuhiro Ikuta
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Jiheun Ryu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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Malone JD, El-Haddad MT, Bozic I, Tye LA, Majeau L, Godbout N, Rollins AM, Boudoux C, Joos KM, Patel SN, Tao YK. Simultaneous multimodal ophthalmic imaging using swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:193-206. [PMID: 28101411 PMCID: PMC5231292 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) benefits diagnostic imaging and therapeutic guidance by allowing for high-speed en face imaging of retinal structures. When combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT), SLO enables real-time aiming and retinal tracking and provides complementary information for post-acquisition volumetric co-registration, bulk motion compensation, and averaging. However, multimodality SLO-OCT systems generally require dedicated light sources, scanners, relay optics, detectors, and additional digitization and synchronization electronics, which increase system complexity. Here, we present a multimodal ophthalmic imaging system using swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (SS-SESLO-OCT) for in vivo human retinal imaging. SESLO reduces the complexity of en face imaging systems by multiplexing spatial positions as a function of wavelength. SESLO image quality benefited from single-mode illumination and multimode collection through a prototype double-clad fiber coupler, which optimized scattered light throughput and reduce speckle contrast while maintaining lateral resolution. Using a shared 1060 nm swept-source, shared scanner and imaging optics, and a shared dual-channel high-speed digitizer, we acquired inherently co-registered en face retinal images and OCT cross-sections simultaneously at 200 frames-per-second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Malone
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohamed T. El-Haddad
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ivan Bozic
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Logan A. Tye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Godbout
- Castor Optics, Montreal, QC H3T 2B1, Canada
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Castor Optics, Montreal, QC H3T 2B1, Canada
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Karen M. Joos
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Shriji N. Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Zeidan A, Yelin D. Spectral imaging using forward-viewing spectrally encoded endoscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:392-8. [PMID: 26977348 PMCID: PMC4771457 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) enables miniature, small-diameter endoscopic probes for minimally invasive imaging; however, using the broadband spectrum to encode space makes color and spectral imaging nontrivial and challenging. By careful registration and analysis of image data acquired by a prototype of a forward-viewing dual channel spectrally encoded rigid probe, we demonstrate spectral and color imaging within a narrow cylindrical lumen. Spectral imaging of calibration cylindrical test targets and an ex-vivo blood vessel demonstrates high-resolution spatial-spectral imaging with short (10 μs/line) exposure times.
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