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Ma L, Li S, Wang H, Zhou S, Yang T. Ion irradiation of monolayer graphene-Nd:YAG hybrid waveguides: fabrication and laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17769-17781. [PMID: 37381502 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid waveguides consisting of two-dimensional layered materials pad on the surface of optical waveguides suffer from a nonuniform and loose contact between the two-dimensional material and the waveguide, which can reduce the efficiency of the pulsed laser. Here, we present high-performance passively Q-switched pulsed lasers in three distinct structures of monolayer graphene-Nd:YAG hybrid waveguides irradiated by energetic ions. The ion irradiation enables the monolayer graphene a tight contact and strong coupling with the waveguide. As a result, Q-switched pulsed lasers with narrow pulse width and high repetition rate are obtained in three designed hybrid waveguides. The narrowest pulse width is 43.6 ns, provided by the ion-irradiated Y-branch hybrid waveguide. This study paves the way toward developing on-chip laser sources based on hybrid waveguides by using ion irradiation.
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Kifle E, Loiko P, Griebner U, Petrov V, Camy P, Braud A, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Mateos X. Diamond saw dicing of thulium channel waveguide lasers in monoclinic crystalline films. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1596-1599. [PMID: 30933099 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A surface channel waveguide (WG) laser is produced by diamond saw dicing of a 15 μm thick 10 at. % Tm:KY1-x-yGdxLuy(WO4)2 monoclinic double tungstate thin film grown by liquid phase epitaxy on an undoped KY(WO4)2 substrate. The WG propagation losses are 1.1±0.5 dB/cm. When pumped at 802 nm, laser operation is achieved with a maximum output power of 262 mW at 1833 nm with a record slope efficiency of 82.6% (versus the absorbed pump power) in a TE10 spatial mode (linear laser polarization, E‖Nm). Diamond saw dicing of double tungstate epitaxies is a promising technology for manufacturing WGs for sensing applications.
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Li Z, Li R, Pang C, Dong N, Wang J, Yu H, Chen F. 8.8 GHz Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers modulated by PtSe 2 saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8727-8737. [PMID: 31052685 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high-repetition-rate fundamentally Q-switched mode-locked Nd:YAG waveguide laser modulated by platinum diselenide (PtSe2) saturable absorber. The laser operation platform is a femtosecond laser-written monolithic Nd:YAG waveguide, and the saturable absorber is large-area few-layer PtSe2 that possesses relatively lower saturation intensity and higher modulation depth in comparison with graphene. With the superb ultrafast nonlinear saturable absorption properties of as-synthesized PtSe2, the waveguide laser could operate at ~8.8 GHz repetition rate and ~27 ps pulse duration, while maintaining a relatively high slope efficiency of 26% and high stability with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 54 dB. Our work indicates the promising applications of laser-written Nd:YAG waveguides and atomically thin PtSe2 for on-chip integration of GHz laser sources toward higher repetition rates and shorter pulse duration.
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Kim JW, Choi SY, Bae JE, Kim MH, Jeong YU, Kifle E, Mateos X, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Griebner U, Petrov V, Kim GH, Rotermund F. Comparative study of Yb:KYW planar waveguide lasers Q-switched by direct- and evanescent-field interaction with carbon nanotubes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1488-1496. [PMID: 30696213 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Both direct- and evanescent-field interactions with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are applied to achieve stable Q-switched operation of Yb:KYW planar waveguide lasers. The performance characteristics were investigated in a same cavity configuration and analyzed in detail in the following three cases, CNTs deposited onto end mirror (M-coating), output coupler (OC-coating) and top surface of the planar waveguide (WG-coating). Maximum output powers, repetition rates, and minimum pulse durations are 61 mW, 1103 kHz and 215 ns for OC-coating, 39 mW, 1052 kHz and 275 ns for WG-coating, and 26 mW, 1119 kHz and 217 ns for M-coating, respectively. From the calculation of the configuration-dependent stability range, the beam size and the electric field distribution in the Yb:KYW planar waveguide, it is confirmed that the evanescent-field interaction scheme makes stable Q-switching possible with much lower intensities at saturable absorber compared to the direct-field interaction scheme in the presented waveguide laser operation.
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Penilla EH, Devia-Cruz LF, Duarte MA, Hardin CL, Kodera Y, Garay JE. Gain in polycrystalline Nd-doped alumina: leveraging length scales to create a new class of high-energy, short pulse, tunable laser materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:33. [PMID: 30839607 PMCID: PMC6107005 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally accepted design paradigms dictate that only optically isotropic (cubic) crystal structures with high equilibrium solubilities of optically active ions are suitable for polycrystalline laser gain media. The restriction of symmetry is due to light scattering caused by randomly oriented anisotropic crystals, whereas the solubility problem arises from the need for sufficient active dopants in the media. These criteria limit material choices and exclude materials that have superior thermo-mechanical properties than state-of-the-art laser materials. Alumina (Al2O3) is an ideal example; it has a higher fracture strength and thermal conductivity than today's gain materials, which could lead to revolutionary laser performance. However, alumina has uniaxial optical proprieties, and the solubility of rare earths (REs) is two-to-three orders of magnitude lower than the dopant concentrations in typical RE-based gain media. We present new strategies to overcome these obstacles and demonstrate gain in a RE-doped alumina (Nd:Al2O3) for the first time. The key insight relies on tailoring the crystallite size to other important length scales-the wavelength of light and interatomic dopant distances, which minimize optical losses and allow successful Nd doping. The result is a laser gain medium with a thermo-mechanical figure of merit of R s~19,500 Wm-1 a 24-fold and 19,500-fold improvements over the high-energy-laser leaders Nd:YAG (R s~800 Wm-1) and Nd:Glass (R s~1 Wm-1), respectively. Moreover, the emission bandwidth of Nd:Al2O3 is broad: ~13 THz. The successful demonstration of gain and high bandwidth in a medium with superior R s can lead to the development of lasers with previously unobtainable high-peak powers, short pulses, tunability, and high-duty cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H. Penilla
- Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Laboratory, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Materials Science & Engineering and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Luis F. Devia-Cruz
- Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Laboratory, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Matthew A. Duarte
- Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Laboratory, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Materials Science & Engineering and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Corey L. Hardin
- Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Laboratory, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Laboratory, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Materials Science & Engineering and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Javier E. Garay
- Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Laboratory, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Materials Science & Engineering and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Yao BC, Rao YJ, Huang SW, Wu Y, Feng ZY, Choi C, Liu H, Qi HF, Duan XF, Peng GD, Wong CW. Graphene Q-switched distributed feedback fiber lasers with narrow linewidth approaching the transform limit. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:8202-8211. [PMID: 28380935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A compact all-in-line graphene-based distributed feedback Bragg-grating fiber laser (GDFB-FL) with narrow linewidth of hundreds kHz is demonstrated and investigated in this study. Performing as an optical saturable absorber, graphene oscillates the initially kHz linewidth DFB-FL, and generates high-quality passively Q-switched pulses. Pumped with a 980 nm continuous-wave laser, the Q-switched GDFB-FL observes ~1 μs pulse durations, with pulse energies up to ~10 nJ and approaching the transform limit. The peak power is ~600 times higher than the original DFB-FL laser. By optimizing the cavity design and the graphene material, it is predicted that fast Q-switched pulses with more than MHz repetition rates and sub-100 ns pulse durations are achievable. Such transform-limited Q-switched GDFB-FLs with narrow linewidth of sub-MHz have long coherence length, good tunability, stability, compactness and robustness, with potential impact in optical coherent communications, metrology and sensing.
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Electrically Tunable Nd:YAG waveguide laser based on Graphene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36785. [PMID: 27833114 PMCID: PMC5105065 DOI: 10.1038/srep36785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a tunable hybrid Graphene-Nd:YAG cladding waveguide laser exploiting the electro-optic and the Joule heating effects of Graphene. A cladding Nd:YAG waveguide was fabricated by the ion irradiation. The multi-layer graphene were transferred onto the waveguide surface as the saturable absorber to get the Q-switched pulsed laser oscillation in the waveguide. Composing with appropriate electrodes, graphene based capacitance and heater were formed on the surface of the Nd:YAG waveguide. Through electrical control of graphene, the state of the hybrid waveguide laser was turned on or off. And the laser operation of the hybrid waveguide was electrically tuned between the continuous wave laser and the nanosecond pulsed laser.
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Tunable Picosecond Laser Pulses via the Contrast of Two Reverse Saturable Absorption Phases in a Waveguide Platform. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26176. [PMID: 27188594 PMCID: PMC5181842 DOI: 10.1038/srep26176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
How to enhance the optical nonlinearity of saturable absorption materials is an important question to improve the functionality of various applications ranging from the high power laser to photonic computational devices. We demonstrate the saturable absorption (SA) of VO2 film attributed to the large difference of optical nonlinearities between the two states of the phase-transition materials (VO2). Such VO2 film demonstrated significantly improved performance with saturation intensity higher than other existing ultrathin saturable absorbers by 3 orders due to its unique nonlinear optical mechanisms in the ultrafast phase change process. Owing to this feature, a Q-switched pulsed laser was fabricated in a waveguide platform, which is the first time to achieve picosecond pulse duration and maintain high peak power. Furthermore, the emission of this VO2 waveguide laser can be flexibly switched between the continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed operation regimes by tuning the temperature of the VO2 film, which enables VO2-based miniature laser devices with unique and versatile functions.
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Tan Y, Guo Z, Shang Z, Liu F, Böttger R, Zhou S, Shao J, Yu X, Zhang H, Chen F. Tailoring nonlinear optical properties of Bi2Se3 through ion irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21799. [PMID: 26888223 PMCID: PMC4757877 DOI: 10.1038/srep21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonlinear optical property of topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) is found to be well-tailored through ion irradiation by intentionally introducing defects. The increase of the optical modulation depth sensitively depends on the careful selection of the irradiation condition. By implementing the ion irradiated Bi2Se3 film as an optical saturable absorber device for the Q-switched wave-guide laser, an enhanced laser performance has been obtained including narrower pulse duration and higher peak power. Our work provides a new approach of tailoring the nonlinear optical properties of materials through ion irradiation, a well-developed chip-technology, which could find wider applicability to other layered two-dimensional materials beyond topological insulators, such as graphene, MoS2, black phosphours etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education) Shandong University Shandong, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhinan Guo
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Shang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education) Shandong University Shandong, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman Böttger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jundong Shao
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education) Shandong University Shandong, Jinan, 250100, China
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Tan Y, Guo Z, Ma L, Zhang H, Akhmadaliev S, Zhou S, Chen F. Q-switched waveguide laser based on two-dimensional semiconducting materials: tungsten disulfide and black phosphorous. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2858-2866. [PMID: 26906854 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their unique properties, graphene-like two dimensional semiconducting materials, including Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) and Black Phosphorous (BP), have attracted increasing interest from basic research to practical applications. Herein, we demonstrated the ultrafast nonlinear saturable absorption response of WS2 and BP films in the waveguide structure. Through fabricating WS2 and BP films by evaporating the solutions on glass wafers. Saturable absorber films were attached onto the end-facet of the waveguide, which therefore constitutes a resonant cavity for the waveguide laser. Under a pump laser at 810 nm, we could obtain a stable Q-switched operation in the waveguide structure. This work indicated the significant potential of WS2 and BP for the ultrafast waveguide laser.
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