1
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Tomaszewska-Rolla D, Jaworski P, Wu D, Yu F, Foltynowicz A, Krzempek K, Soboń G. Mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectroscopy using an all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10679-10689. [PMID: 38571273 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We present the first mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectrometer employing an absorption cell based on self-fabricated, all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF). The spectrometer is capable of measuring sub-mL sample volumes with 26 m interaction length and noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 8.3 × 10-8 cm-1 Hz-1/2 per spectral element in the range of 2900 cm-1 to 3100 cm-1. Compared to a commercially available multipass cell, the ARHCF offers a similar interaction length in a 1000 times lower gas sample volume and a 2.8 dB lower transmission loss, resulting in better absorption sensitivity. The broad transmission windows of ARHCFs, in combination with a tunable optical frequency comb, make them ideal for multispecies detection, while the prospect of measuring samples in small volumes makes them a competitive technique to photoacoustic spectroscopy along with the robustness and prospect of coiling the ARHCFs open doors for miniaturization and out-of-laboratory applications.
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2
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Ren X, Pan J, Yan M, Sheng J, Yang C, Zhang Q, Ma H, Wen Z, Huang K, Wu H, Zeng H. Dual-comb optomechanical spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5037. [PMID: 37596269 PMCID: PMC10439198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical cavities are essential for enhancing the sensitivity of molecular absorption spectroscopy, which finds widespread high-sensitivity gas sensing applications. However, the use of high-finesse cavities confines the wavelength range of operation and prevents broader applications. Here, we take a different approach to ultrasensitive molecular spectroscopy, namely dual-comb optomechanical spectroscopy (DCOS), by integrating the high-resolution multiplexing capabilities of dual-comb spectroscopy with cavity optomechanics through photoacoustic coupling. By exciting the molecules photoacoustically with dual-frequency combs and sensing the molecular-vibration-induced ultrasound waves with a cavity-coupled mechanical resonator, we measure high-resolution broadband ( > 2 THz) overtone spectra for acetylene gas and obtain a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.71 × 10-11 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2 with 30 GHz simultaneous spectral bandwidth. Importantly, the optomechanical resonator allows broadband dual-comb excitation. Our approach not only enriches the practical applications of the emerging cavity optomechanics technology but also offers intriguing possibilities for multi-species trace gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
| | - Jiteng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, 201315, China.
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250101, China.
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3
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Ren X, Yan M, Wen Z, Ma H, Li R, Huang K, Zeng H. Dual-comb quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100403. [PMID: 36164583 PMCID: PMC9508165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) using two optical combs is a new-born technique, offering appealing features, including broad optical bandwidths, high resolutions, fast acquisition speeds, and wavelength-independent photoacoustic detection, for chemical sensing. However, its further application to, e.g., trace detection, is jeopardized due to the fundamentally and technically limited sensitivity and specificity. Here, we take a different route to comb-enabled PAS with acoustically enhanced sensitivity and nonlinear spectral hole-burning defined resolution. We demonstrate dual-comb quartz-enhanced PAS with two near-infrared electro-optic combs and a quartz tuning fork. Comb-line-resolved multiplexed spectra are acquired for acetylene with a single-pass detection limit at the parts-per-billion level. The technique is further extended to the mid-infrared (for methane), enabling improved sensitivity. More importantly, we measure nonlinear dual-comb photoacoustic spectra for the 12C2H2 ν1 + ν3 band P(17) transition with sub-Doppler pressure-broadening dominated homogeneous linewidths (e.g., 45.8 MHz), hence opening up new opportunities for Doppler-free photoacoustic gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
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4
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Wu Q, Lv H, Lin L, Wu H, Giglio M, Zhu W, Zhong Y, Sampaolo A, Patimisco P, Dong L, Spagnolo V, Yu J, Zheng H. Clamp-type quartz tuning fork enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4556-4559. [PMID: 36048703 DOI: 10.1364/ol.464334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, clamp-type quartz tuning fork enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (Clamp-type QEPAS) is proposed and realized through the design, realization, and testing of clamp-type quartz tuning forks (QTFs) for photoacoustic gas sensing. The clamp-type QTF provides a wavefront-shaped aperture with a diameter up to 1 mm, while keeping Q factors > 104. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, design results in a more than ten times increase in the area available for laser beam focusing for the QEPAS technique with respect to a standard QTF. The wavefront-shaped clamp-type prongs effectively improve the acoustic wave coupling efficiency. The possibility to implement a micro-resonator system for clamp-type QTF is also investigated. A signal-to-noise enhancement of ∼30 times has been obtained with a single-tube acoustic micro resonator length of 8 mm, ∼20% shorter than the dual-tube micro-resonator employed in a conventional QEPAS system.
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5
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Roiz M, Vainio M. Versatile optical frequency combs based on multi-seeded femtosecond optical parametric generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17789-17805. [PMID: 36221593 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes and demonstrates a versatile method for near- and mid-infrared optical frequency comb generation using multi-seeded femtosecond optical parametric generation. The method allows one to divide the repetition rate by an arbitrarily large integer factor, freely tune the offset frequency, and adjust the common phase offset of the comb modes. Since all possible degrees of freedom are adjustable, the proposed method manifests itself as versatile optical frequency synthesis.
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6
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang H, Jiang S, Wang Y, Jin W, Ren W. Dual-comb photothermal spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2181. [PMID: 35449158 PMCID: PMC9023540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) has revolutionized optical spectroscopy by providing broadband spectral measurements with unprecedented resolution and fast response. Photothermal spectroscopy (PTS) with a pump-probe configuration offers a highly sensitive gas sensing method, which is normally performed using a single-wavelength pump laser. The merging of PTS with DCS may enable a spectroscopic method by taking advantage of both technologies, which has never been studied yet. Here, we report dual-comb photothermal spectroscopy (DC-PTS) by passing dual combs and a probe laser through a gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber, where the generated multi-heterodyne modulation of the refractive index is sensitively detected by an in-line interferometer. As an example, we have measured photothermal spectra of acetylene over 1 THz, showing a good agreement with the spectral database. Our proposed DC-PTS provides opportunities for broadband gas sensing with super-fine resolution and high sensitivity, as well as with a small sample volume and compact configuration. 'Recent developments in spectroscopy have witnessed the establishment of dual-comb techniques. In this work the authors demonstrate dual-comb photothermal spectroscopy providing gas sensing with superfine resolution and high sensitivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shoulin Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Rossi J, Uotila J, Sharma S, Hieta T, Laurila T, Teissier R, Baranov A, Ikonen E, Vainio M. Optical power detector with broad spectral coverage, high detectivity, and large dynamic range. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1689-1692. [PMID: 35363719 DOI: 10.1364/ol.455191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical power measurements are needed in practically all technologies based on light. Here, we report a general-purpose optical power detector based on the photoacoustic effect. Optical power incident on the detector's black absorber produces an acoustic signal, which is further converted into an electrical signal using a silicon-cantilever pressure transducer. We demonstrate an exceptionally large spectral coverage from ultraviolet to far infrared, with the possibility for further extension to the terahertz region. The linear dynamic range of the detector reaches 80 dB, ranging from a noise-equivalent power of 6 n W/H z to 600 mW (independent of signal averaging time).
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8
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Mikkonen T, Eslami Z, Genty G, Toivonen J. Supercontinuum intensity noise coupling in Fourier transform photoacoustic spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1713-1716. [PMID: 35363715 DOI: 10.1364/ol.454461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the noise transfer mechanism from the light source intensity fluctuations to the acoustic signal in Fourier transform photoacoustic spectroscopy (FT-PAS). This noise coupling is expected to be reduced in FT-PAS compared with conventional Fourier transform spectroscopy, as only the specific spectral components that are absorbed by the probed sample contribute to the noise level. We employ an incoherent supercontinuum (SC) light source in our experiments and observe a linear relation between the sample gas concentration and the detected noise level, which significantly reduces the influence of the SC noise on the detection limit. Based on our experimental results, we derive a model for the noise level, which establishes the foundation for practical sensitive implementation of FT-PAS.
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9
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Karhu J, Hieta T. Enhancement of photoacoustic spectroscopy with sorption enrichment for ppt-level benzene detection. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:1892-1897. [PMID: 35297878 DOI: 10.1364/ao.450407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A real-time trace gas detector for benzene is demonstrated. The measurement system takes advantage of modest enrichment through short adsorption periods to reach a ppt-level detection limit with a sampling cycle of 90 s, which includes sample adsorption, desorption, and a spectroscopic measurement. Benzene is collected on Tenax TA sorbent for 30 s and then detected from the enriched samples with photoacoustic spectroscopy. High sensitivity is achieved using cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy and a continuous-wave quantum cascade laser emitting at 14.8 µm wavelength, which corresponds to the absorption wavelength of the strongest benzene infrared band. We reach a detection limit of 150 ppt of benzene, over one sampling cycle. Interference from humidity and other common petrochemicals is evaluated.
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10
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Mikkonen T, Hieta T, Genty G, Toivonen J. Sensitive multi-species photoacoustic gas detection based on mid-infrared supercontinuum source and miniature multipass cell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19481-19487. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report multipass broadband photoacoustic spectroscopy of trace gases in the mid-infrared. The measurement principle of the sensor relies on supercontinuum-based Fourier transform photoacoustic spectroscopy (FT-PAS), in which a scanning...
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11
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Liu L, Huan H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Shao X, Mandelis A, Dong L. Laser induced thermoelastic contributions from windows to signal background in a photoacoustic cell. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 22:100257. [PMID: 33850704 PMCID: PMC8039824 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a signal baseline due to a variety of reasons in a photoacoustic (PA) gas measurement system is a common phenomenon. One major component is the absorption of optical windows in an enclosed PA cell. This work explores the relation between the background signal and the thermoelastic effect inside the windows by modelling the pressure and elastic wave field by means of a Green-function based method. The influence of laser incidence location, angle and radius is discussed based on a rigorous three-dimensional solid-to-fluid coupling model. The effects were theoretically demonstrated culminating in the determination of best (minimum background signal) performance using a collimated and expanded incident laser beam. The results were also validated through experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
| | - Huiting Huan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
| | - Xueshi Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
| | - Xiaopeng Shao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- Center for Advanced Diffusion-Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies (CADIPT), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
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12
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Yang T, Chen W, Zhang Z, Lei J, Wan F, Song R. Multiple reflections enhanced fiber-optic photoacoustic sensor for gas micro-leakage. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:2142-2152. [PMID: 33726415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A multiple reflections-enhanced fiber-optic photoacoustic (PA) gas sensor for gas micro-leakage is introduced. Multiple reflections of the excitation laser occur on the inner surface of a reflective ring to enhance the PA signal. The PA signal is obtained by measuring the deflection of the gold-coated poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS) diaphragm with a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). The second harmonic wavelength modulation spectrum (2f-WMS) technology can essentially eliminate the fundamental frequency noise generated by the wavelength-independent absorption of the reflective ring. Experimental results show that the PA signal can be effectively enhanced 11.7 times by the multiple reflections optical path compare with the double-pass optical path. The minimum detection limit of the system is achieved to be 23.6 ppb. The designed PA gas sensor is suited for remote detection of gas micro-leakage.
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13
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Tomberg T, Vuorio N, Hieta T, Jussila M, Hartonen K, Vainio M, Mikkonen T, Toivonen J, Riekkola ML, Halonen L, Metsälä M. Broadband Laser-Based Infrared Detector for Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14582-14588. [PMID: 33081464 PMCID: PMC7660589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy coupled with gas chromatography is used to quantitatively analyze a mixture of alcohols in a quasi-online manner. A full identification and quantification of all analytes are achieved based on their spectral fingerprints using a widely tunable continuous-wave laser as a light source. This can be done even in the case of interfering column/septum bleed or simultaneously eluted peaks. The combination of photoacoustic spectroscopy and gas chromatography offers a viable solution for compact and portable instruments in applications that require straightforward analyses with no consumables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Tomberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Vuorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Hieta
- Gasera Ltd., Lemminkäisenkatu 59, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jussila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hartonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Vainio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Mikkonen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Toivonen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Wildi T, Voumard T, Brasch V, Yilmaz G, Herr T. Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4164. [PMID: 32820155 PMCID: PMC7441402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-acoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is one of the most sensitive non-destructive analysis techniques for gases, fluids and solids. It can operate background-free at any wavelength and is applicable to microscopic and even non-transparent samples. Extension of PAS to broadband wavelength coverage is a powerful tool, though challenging to implement without sacrifice of wavelength resolution and acquisition speed. Here we show that dual-frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) and its potential for unmatched precision, speed and wavelength coverage can be combined with the advantages of photo-acoustic detection. Acoustic wave interferograms are generated in the sample by dual-comb absorption and detected by a microphone. As an example, weak gas absorption features are precisely and rapidly sampled; long-term coherent averaging further increases the sensitivity. This novel approach of dual-frequency comb photo-acoustic spectroscopy (DCPAS) generates unprecedented opportunities for rapid and sensitive multi-species molecular analysis across all wavelengths of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Wildi
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thibault Voumard
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor Brasch
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gürkan Yilmaz
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Herr
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Larnimaa S, Halonen L, Karhu J, Tomberg T, Metsälä M, Genoud G, Hieta T, Bell S, Vainio M. High-resolution analysis of the ν3 band of radiocarbon methane 14CH4. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Zheng H, Liu Y, Lin H, Kan R, Patimisco P, Sampaolo A, Giglio M, Zhu W, Yu J, Tittel FK, Spagnolo V, Chen Z. Sub-ppb-level CH 4 detection by exploiting a low-noise differential photoacoustic resonator with a room-temperature interband cascade laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:19446-19456. [PMID: 32672221 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-highly sensitive and robust CH4 sensor is reported based on a 3.3 µm interband cascade laser (ICL) and a low-noise differential photoacoustic (PAS) cell. The ICL emission wavelength targeted a fundamental absorption line of CH4 at 2988.795 cm-1 with an intensity of 1.08 × 10-19 cm/molecule. The double-pass and differential design of the PAS cell effectively enhanced the PAS signal amplitude and decreased its background noise. The wavelength modulation depth, operating pressure and V-T relaxation promotion were optimized to maximize the sensor detection limit. With an integration time of 90 s, a detection limit of 0.6 ppb was achieved. No additional water or air laser cooling were required and thereby allowing the realization of a compact and robust CH4 sensor.
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17
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Friedlein JT, Baumann E, Briggman KA, Colacion GM, Giorgetta FR, Goldfain AM, Herman DI, Hoenig EV, Hwang J, Newbury NR, Perez EF, Yung CS, Coddington I, Cossel KC. Dual-comb photoacoustic spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3152. [PMID: 32561738 PMCID: PMC7305174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrally resolved photoacoustic imaging is promising for label-free imaging in optically scattering materials. However, this technique often requires acquisition of a separate image at each wavelength of interest. This reduces imaging speeds and causes errors if the sample changes in time between images acquired at different wavelengths. We demonstrate a solution to this problem by using dual-comb spectroscopy for photoacoustic measurements. This approach enables a photoacoustic measurement at thousands of wavelengths simultaneously. In this technique, two optical-frequency combs are interfered on a sample and the resulting pressure wave is measured with an ultrasound transducer. This acoustic signal is processed in the frequency-domain to obtain an optical absorption spectrum. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, we measure photoacoustic signals from polymer films. The absorption spectra obtained from these measurements agree with those measured using a spectrophotometer. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the dual-comb photoacoustic spectrometer could enable high-speed spectrally resolved photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Friedlein
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Esther Baumann
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kimberly A Briggman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Gabriel M Colacion
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Optical Science and Engineering, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard, SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Fabrizio R Giorgetta
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Aaron M Goldfain
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Daniel I Herman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Eli V Hoenig
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, ERC 387, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jeeseong Hwang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Nathan R Newbury
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Edgar F Perez
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, 8279 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742-3511, USA
| | - Christopher S Yung
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Ian Coddington
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Kevin C Cossel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA.
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18
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Ning C, Liu P, Qin Y, Zhang Z. Continuous wavelength tuning of nondegenerate femtosecond doubly resonant optical parametric oscillators. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2551-2554. [PMID: 32356814 DOI: 10.1364/ol.390380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach for continuous tuning of the central wavelengths of a femtosecond nondegenerate doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DRO). Key in this scheme is the insertion of a wavelength-selective element into the DRO cavity-length-locking system, which allows selected narrow-band emission from a DRO to be detected and enables the DRO cavity length to be locked away from the peak of its cavity resonances. In a preliminary experiment, we demonstrated a femtosecond nondegenerate DRO with its central-wavelength continuously-tunable over each of its cavity resonances and achieved a wavelength-tuning range of 1910-2070 nm for the signal wave and 2140-2340 nm for the idler wave. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of the continuous-wavelength-tuning capability of DRO systems.
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19
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Genoud G, Lehmuskoski J, Bell S, Palonen V, Oinonen M, Koskinen-Soivi ML, Reinikainen M. Laser Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Radiocarbon in Atmospheric Samples. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12315-12320. [PMID: 31500419 PMCID: PMC7076718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
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In-situ
monitoring of radiocarbon emissions is challenging due
to the lack of a suitable method for sensitive online detection of
this isotope. Here we report on a complete system for automatized
continuous on-site monitoring of radiocarbon gaseous emissions from
nuclear facilities. By combining radiocarbon detection using mid-infrared
cavity ring-down spectroscopy and an advanced sampling system, an
elevated amount of radiocarbon in an atmospheric-like gas matrix was
detected. Radiocarbon was detected in the form of 14CO2 after extraction of the carbon dioxide from the air sample.
The system is also able to discriminate between radiocarbon in organic
or inorganic molecular form by converting 14CH4 into 14CO2. This work lays the groundwork
for further use of this technology in nuclear facilities for online
on-site monitoring of radioactive gaseous emissions as well as future
work on in-situ monitoring of atmospheric radiocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Genoud
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Limited , Espoo FI-02044 VTT , Finland
| | | | - Steven Bell
- National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, Teddington , Middlesex TW11 0LW , United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Matti Reinikainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Limited , Espoo FI-02044 VTT , Finland
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