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Gao M, Li Y, Zhang F, Wang J, He S, Liang H, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Jiang X, Liu Q. Six-orders-of-magnitude-spanning dispersion measurement via Kalman filtering-aided white-light interferometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:12724-12733. [PMID: 38571087 DOI: 10.1364/oe.512343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Dispersion plays a great role in ultrafast laser oscillators, ultrashort pulse amplifiers, and many other nonlinear optical dynamics. Therefore, dispersion measurement is crucial for device characterization, system design and nonlinear dynamics investigation therein. In this work, we demonstrate a versatile approach, i.e., Kalman filtering-aided white-light interferometry, for group delay dispersion (GDD) characterization. Extended Kalman filter is adopted to track the cosine-like interferogram, and to eliminate the unintended bias and the envelope, providing a nearly ideal phase retrieval and GDD estimation. The measurement range could span from tens of fs2 to tens of ps2, with an uncertainty of about 0.1%, enabling precise GDD measurement for diverse optical components, ranging from a millimeter-thick glass slide to highly dispersive chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Benefited by the simplicity, convenient setup, and easy operation as well as relatively low cost, this approach would help photonic device characterization, dispersion management and nonlinear dynamics investigation in the laboratory and work plant.
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2
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Marchese MM, Kok P. Large Baseline Optical Imaging Assisted by Single Photons and Linear Quantum Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:160801. [PMID: 37154657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.160801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show that by combining quantum metrology and networking tools, it is possible to extend the baseline of an interferometric optical telescope and thus improve diffraction-limited imaging of point source positions. The quantum interferometer is based on single-photon sources, linear optical circuits, and efficient photon number counters. Surprisingly, with thermal (stellar) sources of low photon number per mode and high transmission losses across the baseline, the detected photon probability distribution still retains a large amount of Fisher information about the source position, allowing for a significant improvement in the resolution of positioning point sources, on the order of 10 μas. Our proposal can be implemented with current technology. In particular, our proposal does not require experimental optical quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Marchese
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Kok
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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3
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Kwaśny M, Mergo P, Napierała M, Markiewicz K, Laudyn UA. Intermodal Four-Wave Mixing Process in Strain-Induced Birefringent Multimode Optical Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5604. [PMID: 36013741 PMCID: PMC9414440 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated the partially degenerate intermodal four-wave mixing (IM-FWM) process in nonlinear multimode optical fibers with strain-induced birefringence. The difference in the refractive index along the two orthogonal directions was due to the photoelastic effect that occurred when the fiber under test (FUT) was subjected to uniformly applied diameter stress caused by winding on a cylinder of a given diameter. Our work analyzed how the nonlinear frequency conversion and the output modal field profiles depended on the degree of birefringence in FUT. The experimental results significantly affected the order of the excited moduli in fiber sections characterized by different amounts of birefringence. We also checked the efficiency of the FWM process for different polarizations of the pump beam to determine those for which the FWM process was most effective for the 532 nm sub-nanosecond pulses. More than 30% conversion efficiency was obtained for the FUTs with a length of tens of centimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kwaśny
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mergo
- Laboratory of Optical Fiber Technology, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, 3 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Napierała
- InPhoTech Sp. z o.o., 400 Poznańska, 05-850 Ołtarzew, Poland
| | | | - Urszula A. Laudyn
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Frequency and polarization emission properties of a photon-pair source based on a photonic crystal fiber. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18092. [PMID: 34508119 PMCID: PMC8433350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a photon-pair source with correlations in the frequency and polarization degrees of freedom. We base our source on the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process in a photonic crystal fiber. We show theoretically that the two-photon state is the coherent superposition of up to six distinct SFWM processes, each corresponding to a distinct combination of polarizations for the four waves involved and giving rise to an energy-conserving pair of peaks. Our experimental measurements, both in terms of single and coincidence counts, confirm the presence of these pairs of peaks, while we also present related numerical simulations with excellent experiment-theory agreement. We explicitly show how the pump frequency and polarization may be used to effectively control the signal-idler photon-pair properties, defining which of the six processes can participate in the overall two-photon state and at which optical frequencies. We analyze the signal-idler correlations in frequency and polarization, and in terms of fiber characterization, we input the SFWM-peak experimental data into a genetic algorithm which successfully predicts the values of the parameters that characterize the fiber cross section, as well as predict the particular SFWM process associated with a given pair of peaks. We believe our work will help advance the exploitation of photon-pair correlations in the frequency and polarization degrees of freedom.
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5
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Chen GY, Li ZX, Chen YH, Zhang XD. Highly efficient polarization-entangled photon-pair generation in lithium niobate waveguides based on bound states in continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12110-12123. [PMID: 33984977 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated optics provides a platform for the experimental implementation of highly complex and compact circuits for practical applications as well as for advances in the fundamental science of quantum optics. The lithium niobate (LN) waveguide is an important candidate for the construction of integrated optical circuits. Based on the bound state in the continuum (BIC) in a LN waveguide, we propose an efficient way to produce polarization-entangled photon pairs. The implementation of this method is simple and does not require the polarization process needed for periodically poled LN. The generation rate of the entangled photon pairs increases linearly with the length of the waveguide. For visible light, the generation efficiency can be improved by more than five orders of magnitude with waveguides having the length of only a few millimeters, compared with the corresponding case without BICs. The phenomena can appear in a very wide spectrum range from the visible to THz regions. This study is of great significance for the development of active integrated quantum chips in various wavelength ranges.
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Anwar A, Perumangatt C, Steinlechner F, Jennewein T, Ling A. Entangled photon-pair sources based on three-wave mixing in bulk crystals. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:041101. [PMID: 34243479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon pairs are a critical resource in quantum communication protocols ranging from quantum key distribution to teleportation. The current workhorse technique for producing photon pairs is via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in bulk nonlinear crystals. The increased prominence of quantum networks has led to a growing interest in deployable high performance entangled photon-pair sources. This manuscript provides a review of the state-of-the-art bulk-optics-based SPDC sources with continuous wave pump and discusses some of the main considerations when building for deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Anwar
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chithrabhanu Perumangatt
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Steinlechner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Jennewein
- Institute of Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Ling
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Li YH, Fang WT, Zhou ZY, Liu SL, Liu SK, Xu ZH, Yang C, Li Y, Xu LX, Guo GC, Shi BS. Quantum frequency conversion for multiplexed entangled states generated from micro-ring silicon chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28429-28440. [PMID: 30470014 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-on-chip photonic circuits are among some very promising platforms for generating nonclassical photonic quantum state, because of its low loss, small footprint, and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and telecommunications techniques. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a leading technique for enhancing the transmission capacity of both classical and quantum communications. To bridge the frequency gap between silicon-chip and other quantum systems, such as quantum memories, a quantum interface is indispensable. Here, we demonstrate a quantum interface for multiplexed energy-time entanglement states, which are generated on a silicon micro-ring cavity that is based on frequency up-conversion. By switching the pump wavelength, energy-time entanglement from any channel can be selected at will after being up-converted. The high visibilities of two-photon interference over three channels after frequency up-conversion clearly prove that the entanglement is fully preserved during the quantum frequency conversion (QFC) process. Our work provides new perspectives regarding channel capacity enhancement in quantum communications and for quantum resources being transferred between two different quantum systems.
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8
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Podhora L, Obšil P, Straka I, Ježek M, Slodička L. Nonclassical photon pairs from warm atomic vapor using a single driving laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31230-31238. [PMID: 29245800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Generation of nonclassical light is an essential tool for quantum optics research and applications in quantum information technology. We present realization of the source of nonclassically correlated photon pairs based on the process of spontaneous four-wave-mixing in warm atomic vapor. Atoms are excited only by a single laser beam in retro-reflected configuration and narrowband frequency filtering is employed for selection of correlated photon pairs. Nonclassicality of generated light fields is proved by analysis of their statistical properties. Measured parameters of the presented source promise further applicability for efficient interaction with atomic ensembles.
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9
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Zheltikov AM. Phase matching as a gate for photon entanglement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46115. [PMID: 28703217 PMCID: PMC5508199 DOI: 10.1038/srep46115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase matching is shown to provide a tunable gate that helps discriminate entangled states of light generated by four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers against uncorrelated photons originating from Raman scattering. Two types of such gates are discussed. Phase-matching gates of the first type are possible in the normal dispersion regime, where FWM sidebands can be widely tuned by high-order dispersion management, enhancing the ratio of the entangled-photon output to the Raman noise. The photon-entanglement gates of the second type are created by dual-pump cross-phase-modulation-induced FWM sideband generation and can be tuned by group-velocity mismatch of the pump fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, USA.,Russian Quantum Center, ul. Novaya 100, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025 Russia.,Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Chetaev 18a, 420126 Kazan, Russia
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10
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Cordier M, Orieux A, Gabet R, Harlé T, Dubreuil N, Diamanti E, Delaye P, Zaquine I. Raman-tailored photonic crystal fiber for telecom band photon-pair generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2583-2586. [PMID: 28957290 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental characterization of a novel nonlinear liquid-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for the generation of photon pairs at a telecommunication wavelength through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM). We show that the optimization procedure in view of this application links the choice of the nonlinear liquid to the design parameters of the fiber, and we give an example of such an optimization at telecom wavelengths. Combining the modeling of the fiber and classical characterization techniques at these wavelengths, we identify for the chosen fiber and liquid combination SFWM phase-matching frequency ranges with no Raman scattering noise contamination. This is a first step toward obtaining a telecom band fibered photon-pair source with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
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11
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Niu MY, Sanders BC, Wong FNC, Shapiro JH. Unity-Efficiency Parametric Down-Conversion via Amplitude Amplification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:123601. [PMID: 28388184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose an optical scheme, employing optical parametric down-converters interlaced with nonlinear sign gates (NSGs), that completely converts an n-photon Fock-state pump to n signal-idler photon pairs when the down-converters' crystal lengths are chosen appropriately. The proof of this assertion relies on amplitude amplification, analogous to that employed in Grover search, applied to the full quantum dynamics of single-mode parametric down-conversion. When we require that all Grover iterations use the same crystal, and account for potential experimental limitations on crystal-length precision, our optimized conversion efficiencies reach unity for 1≤n≤5, after which they decrease monotonically for n values up to 50, which is the upper limit of our numerical dynamics evaluations. Nevertheless, our conversion efficiencies remain higher than those for a conventional (no NSGs) down-converter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murphy Yuezhen Niu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Barry C Sanders
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Program in Quantum Information Science, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Franco N C Wong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Shapiro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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12
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Shu C, Chen P, Chow TKA, Zhu L, Xiao Y, Loy MMT, Du S. Subnatural-linewidth biphotons from a Doppler-broadened hot atomic vapour cell. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12783. [PMID: 27658721 PMCID: PMC5036144 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Entangled photon pairs, termed as biphotons, have been the benchmark tool for experimental quantum optics. The quantum-network protocols based on photon-atom interfaces have stimulated a great demand for single photons with bandwidth comparable to or narrower than the atomic natural linewidth. In the past decade, laser-cooled atoms have often been used for producing such biphotons, but the apparatus is too large and complicated for engineering. Here we report the generation of subnatural-linewidth (<6 MHz) biphotons from a Doppler-broadened (530 MHz) hot atomic vapour cell. We use on-resonance spontaneous four-wave mixing in a hot paraffin-coated 87Rb vapour cell at 63 °C to produce biphotons with controllable bandwidth (1.9-3.2 MHz) and coherence time (47-94 ns). Our backward phase-matching scheme with spatially separated optical pumping is the key to suppress uncorrelated photons from resonance fluorescence. The result may lead towards miniature narrowband biphoton sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Kiu Aaron Chow
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingbang Zhu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhong Xiao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - M M T Loy
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Velázquez-Ibarra L, Díez A, Silvestre E, Andrés MV. Wideband tuning of four-wave mixing in solid-core liquid-filled photonic crystal fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:2600-2603. [PMID: 27244424 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of parametric four-wave mixing generation in photonic crystal fibers that have been infiltrated with ethanol. A silica photonic crystal fiber was designed to have the proper dispersion properties after ethanol infiltration for the generation of widely spaced four-wave mixing (FWM) bands under 1064 nm pumping. We demonstrate that the FWM bands can be tuned in a wide wavelength range through the thermo-optic effect. Band shifts of 175 and over 500 nm for the signal and idler bands, respectively, are reported. The reported results can be of interest in many applications, such as CARS microscopy.
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14
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Heralded high-efficiency quantum repeater with atomic ensembles assisted by faithful single-photon transmission. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15610. [PMID: 26502993 PMCID: PMC4621506 DOI: 10.1038/srep15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum repeater is one of the important building blocks for long distance quantum communication network. The previous quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optical elements can only be performed with a maximal success probability of 1/2 during the entanglement creation and entanglement swapping procedures. Meanwhile, the polarization noise during the entanglement distribution process is harmful to the entangled channel created. Here we introduce a general interface between a polarized photon and an atomic ensemble trapped in a single-sided optical cavity, and with which we propose a high-efficiency quantum repeater protocol in which the robust entanglement distribution is accomplished by the stable spatial-temporal entanglement and it can in principle create the deterministic entanglement between neighboring atomic ensembles in a heralded way as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Meanwhile, the simplified parity-check gate makes the entanglement swapping be completed with unity efficiency, other than 1/2 with linear optics. We detail the performance of our protocol with current experimental parameters and show its robustness to the imperfections, i.e., detuning and coupling variation, involved in the reflection process. These good features make it a useful building block in long distance quantum communication.
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15
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Kumar R, Savanier M, Ong JR, Mookherjea S. Entanglement measurement of a coupled silicon microring photon pair source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:19318-19327. [PMID: 26367592 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.019318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using two-photon (Franson) interferometry, we measure the entanglement of photon pairs generated from an optically-pumped silicon photonic device consisting of a few coupled microring resonators. The pair-source chip operates at room temperature, and the InGaAs single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) are thermo-electrically cooled to 234K. Such a device can be integrated with other components for practical entangled photon-pair generation at telecommunications wavelengths.
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16
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Xu ZY, Li YH, Wang LJ. In situ fine tailoring of group velocity dispersion in optical microfibers via nanocoatings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:28338-28345. [PMID: 25402075 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.028338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a convenient technique for in situ fine group velocity dispersion (GVD) tailoring in optical microfibers via dielectric nanocoatings. This was elaborated by successively depositing poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocoatings around a 1.2 μm-diameter optical microfiber with a modified dip-coating method. In situ dispersion measurements showed that the GVD was tailored by 55 ps/nm•km at 1580 nm, and the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) was red shifted by 30 nm. Numerical simulations showed that GVD tailoring in optical microfibers could bring signal (idler) tuning in spontaneous four-wave mixing (FWM) and spectral bandwidth expanding in supercontinuum (SC) generation, implying that this in situ fine GVD tailoring technique would offer optical microfibers with many new opportunities for applications in nonlinear optics.
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17
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Javůrek D, Svozilík J, Peřina J. Proposal for the generation of photon pairs with nonzero orbital angular momentum in a ring fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23743-23748. [PMID: 25321841 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for the generation of correlated photon pairs in desired orbital-angular-momentum states using a non-linear silica ring fiber and spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Photon-pair emission under quasi-phase-matching conditions with quantum conversion efficiency 6 × 10(-11) is found in a 1-m long fiber with a thermally induced χ(2) nonlinearity in a ring-shaped core.
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18
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Ong JR, Mookherjea S. Quantum light generation on a silicon chip using waveguides and resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5171-5181. [PMID: 23482051 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Integrated optical devices may replace bulk crystal or fiber based assemblies with a more compact and controllable photon pair and heralded single photon source and generate quantum light at telecommunications wavelengths. Here, we propose that a periodic waveguide consisting of a sequence of optical resonators can outperform conventional waveguides or single resonators and generate more than 1 Giga-pairs per second from a sub-millimeter-long room-temperature silicon device, pumped with only about 10 milliwatts of optical power. Furthermore, the spectral properties of such devices provide novel opportunities for chip-scale quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Rong Ong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
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19
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Velázquez-Ibarra L, Díez A, Andrés MV, Lucio JL. Effects of refractive index changes on four-wave mixing bands in Er-doped photonic crystal fibers pumped at 976 nm. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1226-1228. [PMID: 22466203 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study of the effects of an auxiliary 976 nm pump signal on the four-wave mixing parametric bands generated with a 1064 nm pump in a normal dispersion Er-doped photonic crystal fiber is presented. The four-wave mixing signal and idler bands shift to shorter and longer wavelengths, respectively, with increasing 976 nm pump power. It is shown that the wavelength-dependent resonant refractive index change in the erbium-doped core under 976 nm pumping is at the origin of the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Velázquez-Ibarra
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Köprülü KG, Huang YP, Barbosa GA, Kumar P. Lossless single-photon shaping via heralding. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:1674-1676. [PMID: 21540965 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using spontaneous optical parametric downconversion, we experimentally demonstrate heralded generation of shaped single photons, whose modes are tailored indirectly by applying amplitude modulation on the pump field that drives the downconversion process. Our experiment opens a door to creating high-quality, mode-shaped single photons at a substantially higher efficiency than is possible with the existing method of direct single-photon shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahraman G Köprülü
- Center for Photonic Communication and Computing, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3118, USA
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21
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Smirr JL, Guilbaud S, Ghalbouni J, Frey R, Diamanti E, Alléaume R, Zaquine I. Simple performance evaluation of pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources for quantum communications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:616-627. [PMID: 21263601 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fast characterization of pulsed spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) sources is important for applications in quantum information processing and communications. We propose a simple method to perform this task, which only requires measuring the counts on the two output channels and the coincidences between them, as well as modeling the filter used to reduce the source bandwidth. The proposed method is experimentally tested and used for a complete evaluation of SPDC sources (pair emission probability, total losses, and fidelity) of various bandwidths. This method can find applications in the setting up of SPDC sources and in the continuous verification of the quality of quantum communication links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Smirr
- Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information, Télécom ParisTech, CNRS, Institut Télécom, Paris, France
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Clemmen S, Perret A, Selvaraja SK, Bogaerts W, van Thourhout D, Baets R, Emplit P, Massar S. Generation of correlated photons in hydrogenated amorphous-silicon waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3483-3485. [PMID: 20967107 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the first (to our knowledge) observation of correlated photon emission in hydrogenated amorphous-silicon waveguides. We compare this to photon generation in crystalline silicon waveguides with the same geometry. In particular, we show that amorphous silicon has a higher nonlinearity and competes with crystalline silicon in spite of higher loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clemmen
- Laboratoire d’Information Quantique, CP 225, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.),Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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23
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McGuinness HJ, Raymer MG, McKinstrie CJ, Radic S. Quantum frequency translation of single-photon states in a photonic crystal fiber. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:093604. [PMID: 20868160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.093604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate frequency translation of a nonclassical optical field via four-wave mixing (Bragg-scattering process) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The high nonlinearity and the ability to control dispersion in PCF enable efficient translation between nearby photon channels within the visible to-near-infrared spectral range, useful in quantum networks. Heralded single photons at 683 nm were translated to 659 nm with an efficiency of 28.6±2.2 percent. Second-order correlation measurements on the 683- and 659-nm fields yielded g(683)(2) (0)=0.21±0.02 and g(659)(2) (0)=0.19±0.05, respectively, showing the nonclassical nature of both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J McGuinness
- Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
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24
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Zhou Q, Zhang W, Cheng JR, Huang YD, Peng JD. Noise performance comparison of 1.5 microm correlated photon pair generation in different fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:17114-17123. [PMID: 20721100 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the noise performances of 1.5 microm correlated photon pair generation based on spontaneous four wave-mixing in three types of fibers, i.e., dispersion shifted fiber, traditional highly nonlinear fiber and highly nonlinear microstructure fiber are investigated experimentally. Result of the comparison shows that highly nonlinear microstructure fiber has the lowest Raman noise photon generation rate among the three types of fibers while correlated photon pair generation rate is the same. Theoretical analysis indicates that the noise performance is determined by the nonlinear index and Raman response of the material in fiber core. The Raman response rises with increasing doping level, while, for the nonlinear index, the impact of doping level is weak. As a result, highly nonlinear microstructure fiber with pure silica core has the best noise performance and great potential in practical sources of correlated photon pairs and heralded single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Smith BJ, Mahou P, Cohen O, Lundeen JS, Walmsley IA. Photon pair generation in birefringent optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:23589-23602. [PMID: 20052068 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.023589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study both experimentally and theoretically the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in standard birefringent optical fibers. The ability to produce a range of two-photon spectral states, from highly correlated (entangled) to completely factorable, by means of cross-polarized birefringent phase matching, is explored. A simple model is developed to predict the spectral state of the photon pair which shows how this can be adjusted by choosing the appropriate pump bandwidth, fiber length and birefringence. Spontaneous Raman scattering is modeled to determine the tradeoff between SFWM and background Raman noise, and the predicted results are shown to agree with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Smith
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore.
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26
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Ling A, Chen J, Fan J, Migdall A. Mode expansion and Bragg filtering for a high-fidelity fiber-based photon-pair Source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:21302-21312. [PMID: 19997369 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a fiber-based single spatial-mode source of photon-pairs where the efficiency of extracting photon-pairs is increased through the use of fiber-end expansion and Bragg filters. This improvement in efficiency enabled a spectrally bright and pure photon-pair source having a small second-order correlation function (0.03) and a raw spectral brightness of 44,700 pairs s(-1)nm(-1)mW(-1). The source can be configured to generate entangled photon-pairs, characterized via optimal and minimal quantum state tomography, to have a fidelity of 97% and tangle of 92%, without subtracting any background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ling
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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27
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Zhou Q, Zhang W, Cheng J, Huang Y, Peng J. Polarization-entangled Bell states generation based on birefringence in high nonlinear microstructure fiber at 1.5 microm. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:2706-2708. [PMID: 19756078 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-entangled photon pair generation based on two scalar scattering processes of the vector four- photon scattering has been demonstrated experimentally in high nonlinear microstructure fiber with birefringence. By controlling pump polarization state, polarization-entangled Bell states can be realized. It provides a simple way to realize efficient and compact fiber-based polarization-entangled photon pair sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084, China
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28
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Clemmen S, Phan Huy K, Bogaerts W, Baets RG, Emplit P, Massar S. Continuous wave photon pair generation in silicon-on-insulator waveguides and ring resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:16558-16570. [PMID: 19770871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.016558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon waveguides are promising chi(3)-based photon pair sources. Demonstrations so far have been based on picosecond pulsed lasers. Here, we present the first investigation of photon pair generation in silicon waveguides in a continuous regime. The source is characterized by coincidence measurements. We uncover the presence of unexpected noise which had not been noticed in earlier experiments. Subsequently, we present advances towards integration of the photon pair source with other components on the chip. This is demonstrated by photon pair generation in a Sagnac loop interferometer and inside a micro-ring cavity. Comparison with the straight waveguide shows that these are promising avenues for improving the source. In particular photon pair generation in the micro-ring cavity yields a source with a spectral width of approximately 150 pm resulting in a spectral brightness increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clemmen
- Laboratoire d'Information Quantique, CP 225, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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29
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McMillan AR, Fulconis J, Halder M, Xiong C, Rarity JG, Wadsworth WJ. Narrowband high-fidelity all-fibre source of heralded single photons at 1570 nm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:6156-6165. [PMID: 19365438 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.006156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An all-fibre heralded single photon source operating at 1570 nm has been demonstrated. The device generates correlated photon pairs, widely spaced in frequency, through four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fibre. Separation of the pair photons and narrowband filtering is all achieved in fibre. The output heralded single photon rate was 9.2 x 10(4) per second, with a counts-to-accidentals ratio of 10.4 and a heralding fidelity of 52 %. Furthermore, narrowband filtering ensured that the output single photon state was near time-bandwidth limited with a coherence length of 4 ps. Such a source is well suited to quantum information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R McMillan
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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30
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Fulconis J, Alibart O, O'Brien JL, Wadsworth WJ, Rarity JG. Nonclassical interference and entanglement generation using a photonic crystal fiber pair photon source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:120501. [PMID: 17930484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate two key components for optical quantum information processing: a bright source of heralded single photons; and a bright source of entangled photon pairs. A pair of pump photons produces a correlated pair of photons at widely spaced wavelengths (583 nm and 900 nm), via a chi((3)) four-wave mixing process. We demonstrate nonclassical interference between heralded photons from independent sources with a visibility of 95% (after correction for background), and an entangled photon pair source, with a fidelity of 89% with a Bell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Fulconis
- Centre for Communications Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
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31
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Lin Q, Agrawal GP. Silicon waveguides for creating quantum-correlated photon pairs. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:3140-2. [PMID: 17041661 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose to use four-wave mixing inside silicon waveguides for generating quantum-correlated photon pairs in a single spatial mode. Such silicon-based photon sources not only exhibit high pair correlation but also have high spectral brightness. As the proposed scheme is based on mature silicon technology, it has the potential of becoming a cost-effective platform for on-chip quantum information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lin
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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32
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Lin Q, Yaman F, Agrawal GP. Photon-pair generation by four-wave mixing in optical fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1286-8. [PMID: 16642087 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory to quantify a fundamental limit on correlated photon pairs generated through four-wave mixing inside optical fibers in the presence of spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS). Our theory is able to explain current experimental data. We show that if correlated photon pairs are generated with polarization orthogonal to the pump the effect of SpRS is significantly reduced over a broad spectral region extending from 5 to 15 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lin
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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