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Stress Granules and Acute Ischemic Stroke: Beyond mRNA Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073747. [PMID: 35409112 PMCID: PMC8998762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Following an ischemic insult, cells undergo endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which increases the ER’s protein-folding and degradative capacities and blocks the global synthesis of proteins by phosphorylating the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α is directly related to the dynamics of stress granules (SGs), which are membraneless organelles composed of RNA-binding proteins and mRNA. SGs play a critical role in mRNA metabolism and translational control. Other translation factors are also linked to cellular pathways, including SG dynamics following a stroke. Because the formation of SGs is closely connected to mRNA translation, it is interesting to study the relationship between SG dynamics and cellular outcome in cases of ischemic damage. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of SG dynamics during cerebral ischemia.
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Sekaran H, Gan CY, A Latiff A, Harvey TM, Mohd Nazri L, Hanapi NA, Azizi J, Yusof SR. Changes in blood-brain barrier permeability and ultrastructure, and protein expression in a rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:63-73. [PMID: 31301381 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion involved a reduction in cerebral blood flow, leading to neuronal dysfunction, microglial activation and white matter degeneration. The effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) however, have not been well-documented. Here, two-vessel occlusion model was adopted to mimic the condition of cerebral hypoperfusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. The BBB permeability to high and low molecular weight exogenous tracers i.e. Evans blue dye and sodium fluorescein respectively, showed marked extravasation of the Evans blue dye in the frontal cortex, posterior cortex and thalamus-midbrain at day 1 following induction of cerebral hypoperfusion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed brain endothelial cell and astrocyte damages including increased pinocytotic vesicles and formation of membrane invaginations in the endothelial cells, and swelling of the astrocytes' end-feet. Investigation on brain microvessel protein expressions using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis coupled with LC-MS/MS showed that proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, transcription regulation, cytoskeleton maintenance and signaling pathways were differently expressed. The expression of aconitate hydratase, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein, enoyl Co-A hydratase and beta-synuclein were downregulated, while the opposite observed for calreticulin and enhancer of rudimentary homolog. These findings provide insights into the BBB molecular responses to cerebral hypoperfusion, which may assist development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Sekaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aishah A Latiff
- Toxicology and Multipurpose Lab, Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sports City St, 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas Michael Harvey
- Toxicology and Multipurpose Lab, Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sports City St, 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Liyana Mohd Nazri
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aziah Hanapi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Juzaili Azizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti R Yusof
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Dong Z, Yang T, Yang Y, Dou H, Chen G. DjhnRNPA2/B1-like gene is required for planarian regeneration and tissue homeostasis. Gene 2017; 633:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Du YJ, Hou YL, Hou WR. Nucleotide sequences of an important functional gene hnRNPA2/B1 from Ailuropoda melanoleuca and Ursus thibetanus mupinensis and its potential value in phylogenetic study. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 33:18-30. [PMID: 24588753 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.857028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA fragments of hnRNPA2/B1 were cloned from the giant panda and black bear using RT-PCR method, which were, respectively, 1029bp and 1026bp in length encoding 343 and 341 amino acids. Analysis indicated the cDNA cloned from the giant panda encoded variant B1 while the cDNA cloned from black bear encoded variant A2. Analyzing the hnRNPA2B1 peptide of the giant panda and black bear, 76 glycine residues and 86 glycine residues were, respectively, found, and moreover, most glycine are concentrated in the latter halves of the hnRNPA2B1 peptides. Functional sites prediction also showed many N-myristoylation sites existed in the glycine-rich domain, which is probably related to the role of telomere maintenance. From base bias and substitution analysis, we can conclude that the ORF of hnRNPA2/B1 biased G while hated C, and transition of the third site did not achieve the level of saturation. Orthology analysis indicated that both the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to other 26 hnRNPA2/B1 sequences from mammals and nonmammals reported. These sequences were used to construct phylogenetic trees employing the NJ method with 1000 bootstrap, and the obtained tree demonstrated similar topology with the classical systematics, which suggested the potential value of hnRNPA2/B1 in phylogenetic analysis. This report will be the first step to the study function of hnRNPA2/B1 in the giant panda and black bear, and will provide a scientific basis to disease surveillance, captive breeding, and conservation of the endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jie Du
- a Biochemical Department , Basic Education College of Zhanjiang Normal University , ZhanJiang , China
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Kasim M, Benko E, Winkelmann A, Mrowka R, Staudacher JJ, Persson PB, Scholz H, Meier JC, Fähling M. Shutdown of achaete-scute homolog-1 expression by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-A2/B1 in hypoxia. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26973-26988. [PMID: 25124043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor hASH1, encoded by the ASCL1 gene, plays an important role in neurogenesis and tumor development. Recent findings indicate that local oxygen tension is a critical determinant for the progression of neuroblastomas. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxygen-dependent expression of hASH1 in neuroblastoma cells. Exposure of human neuroblastoma-derived Kelly cells to 1% O2 significantly decreased ASCL1 mRNA and hASH1 protein levels. Using reporter gene assays, we show that the response of hASH1 to hypoxia is mediated mainly by post-transcriptional inhibition via the ASCL1 mRNA 5'- and 3'-UTRs, whereas additional inhibition of the ASCL1 promoter was observed under prolonged hypoxia. By RNA pulldown experiments followed by MALDI/TOF-MS analysis, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-A2/B1 and hnRNP-R as interactors binding directly to the ASCL1 mRNA 5'- and 3'-UTRs and influencing its expression. We further demonstrate that hnRNP-A2/B1 is a key positive regulator of ASCL1, findings that were also confirmed by analysis of a large compilation of gene expression data. Our data suggest that a prominent down-regulation of hnRNP-A2/B1 during hypoxia is associated with the post-transcriptional suppression of hASH1 synthesis. This novel post-transcriptional mechanism for regulating hASH1 levels will have important implications in neural cell fate development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Kasim
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin
| | - Edgar Benko
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin
| | - Aline Winkelmann
- RNA Editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, and
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, AG Experimentelle Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonas J Staudacher
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin
| | - Holger Scholz
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin
| | - Jochen C Meier
- RNA Editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, and
| | - Michael Fähling
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin,.
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Li H, Sun C, Wang Y, Gao Y, Liu Y, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang C. Dynamic expression pattern of neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1 (Nova1) in the rat brain after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion insults. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 61:45-54. [PMID: 23042482 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412461255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1 (Nova1) in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insults by immunohistochemistry. The focal cerebral I/R model was induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 120 min followed by 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days of reperfusion in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that Nova1 was expressed in nearly the whole brain, although with higher density in hippocampus, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, and medial habenular nucleus. The immunoreactivity of Nova1 neurons was increased dramatically, especially on both sides of the hippocampal CA(1) region, after 1 day of reperfusion. A strong response occurred at the ipsilateral CA(1) region between 1 day and 7 days of reperfusion. Likewise, strong compensatory responses of Nova1 expression were observed on the contralateral side of the striate cortex, dentate gyrus, and hypothalamus. Interestingly, more Nova1 neurons were observed to translocate to the dendrites and growth cones of the axons in the hypothalamus on the ischemic side after 7 days of reperfusion. In conclusion, our data suggest that Nova1 might mediate neuronal responsiveness, and its expression might positively correlate with neural repair after I/R insults in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, China
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Cevik-Demirkan A, Oztaşan N, Oguzhan EO, Cil N, Coskun S. Poppy seed oil protection of the hippocampus after cerebral ischemia and re-perfusion in rats. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:499-505. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.701763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Cevik-Demirkan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Song B, Tang X, Wang X, Huang X, Ye Y, Lu X, Wei X, Zeng Y. Bererine induces peripheral lymphocytes immune regulations to realize its neuroprotective effects in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mice. Cell Immunol 2012; 276:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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