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Scheer J, Leroy T, Guillo S, Tubach F, Rozès A, Verga-Gérard A, Guillemin F, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Chapron A. Evolution of public funding since primary care research was considered as a priority research domain in france. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:142. [PMID: 38678172 PMCID: PMC11055352 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Annually, the French Ministry of Health funds clinical research projects based on a national call for projects. Since 2013, the Ministry has prioritized funding of primary care. Projects selected for funding are made public without distinguishing the specific area of research. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the evolution of the primary care research projects funded by the Ministry of Health between 2013 and 2019. METHOD We reviewed all of the 1796 medical research projects funded between 2013 and 2019 and categorized projects as primary care projects by using a list of specific keywords. This list was established through two approaches: (1) selected by an expert committee, the RECaP primary care working group, and (2) using an automated textual analysis of published articles in the field. The keywords were used to screen the titles of the medical research projects funded. The abstracts (at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov ) or details (from project leaders) were then analyzed by two independent reviewers to determine true primary care projects. RESULTS Finally, 49 primary care projects were identified, representing 2.7% of all medical research projects funded, without any significant change over the period. These projects were predominantly interventional (69%), with a median number of patients expected per project of 902. CONCLUSION Despite the prioritization of primary care research in 2013 by the French ministry of health, the number and proportion of projects funded remains low, with no significant change over the years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Scheer
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France
- Department of General Practice, Rennes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Rennes University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Rennes, CIC-1414, France
| | - Taylor Leroy
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France.
- CHRU, Inserm, Université de Lorraine, CIC Epidémiologie clinique, Nancy, France.
| | - Sylvie Guillo
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, CIC-1901, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, CIC-1901, France
| | - Antoine Rozès
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, CIC-1901, France
| | - Amandine Verga-Gérard
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Francis Guillemin
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France
- CHRU, Inserm, Université de Lorraine, CIC Epidémiologie clinique, Nancy, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, CHU, Université de Toulouse, CIC 1436, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Chapron
- RECaP F-CRIN Inserm network (The RECaP/F-CRIN network (Réseau de Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network) is a French research network supported by Inserm and F-CRIN (French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network), https://recap-inserm.fr/home.html?, Allée du Morvan, Vandoeuvre-lès- Nancy, F-54500, France
- Department of General Practice, Rennes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Rennes University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Rennes, CIC-1414, France
- Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), Rennes University, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (IRSET) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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Gayapersad A, O'Brien MA, Meaney C, Aditya I, Baxter J, Selby P. Key informants perspectives on creating a high impact research department in family and community medicine: a qualitative project. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:52. [PMID: 38321430 PMCID: PMC10845512 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care is integral to the health system and population health. Primary care research is still in development and most academic departments lack effective research investments. High impact primary care research programs are needed to advance the field to ensure a robust primary care system for the future. The project objective was to understand key informants' views of structures, functions, and processes required to create a high impact research program in an academic primary care department. METHODS A descriptive qualitative project with key informants from research programs in primary care. Participants included international research leaders in primary care (n = 10), department of family and community researchers (n = 37) and staff (n = 9) in an academic primary care department, other university leaders (n = 3) and members of the departmental executive leadership team (1 department; 25 members). Semi-structured interviews (n = 27), and focus groups (n = 6) were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. We used a socioecological framework which described micro, meso, macro levels of influence. RESULTS At the micro level despite barriers with respect to funding, protected time and lack of formal mentorship, personal motivation was a key factor. At the meso level, the organizational structure that promoted collaboration and a sense of connection emerged as a key factor. Specifically research leaders identified a research faculty development pipeline based on equity, diversity, inclusion, indigeneity, and accessibility principles with thematic areas of focus as key enablers. Lastly, at the macro level, an overarching culture and policies that promoted funding and primary care research was associated with high impact programs. CONCLUSION The alignment/complementarity of micro, meso, and macro level factors influenced the creation of a high impact research department in primary care. High impact research in primary care is facilitated by the development of researchers through formalized and structured mentorship/sponsorship and a department culture that promote primary care research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gayapersad
- INTREPID Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Ann O'Brien
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Meaney
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishan Aditya
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Baxter
- INTREPID Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Selby
- INTREPID Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Wang Y, Cao X, Xu Z, Fang H. Features and development trends of primary care research conducted by practice-based research networks from 1991 to 2023: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:229. [PMID: 38087315 PMCID: PMC10717402 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) have been recognized as essential laboratories and mechanisms for developing primary care research. This scoping review aims to examine and map the features and development trends of productivity, research categories, and methods in original primary care research conducted by global PBRNs between 1991 and 2023. METHODS We have assembled an interdisciplinary team that will undertake this scoping review, following the framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. Targeted literature includes original primary care research conducted by PBRNs, published from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 2023. An integrated search strategy will gather publications from 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase), 16 major primary health care journals, and 364 relevant organizations. Two experienced researchers will independently screen the titles, keywords, and abstracts of all references and extract data regarding eight key elements. Disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved through group discussions, moderated by a third reviewer. Articles to be included will (1) be conducted in the primary care context, (2) be led by PBRNs, (3) provide a full report of original research, and (4) be published in a peer-reviewed journal between the aforementioned dates in any language. Exclusions encompass reviews, letters, commentaries, case reports, and conference papers. Final data will be displayed using tables and charts according to different conceptual categories. DISCUSSION This scoping review is one of the initial attempts to delineate the development trends and features of primary care research conducted by PBRNs. This study will provide reference information for researchers in countries/regions that are building their research infrastructure and capacity in general practice, family medicine, and primary care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Registered in OSF on July 25, 2022 ( https://osf.io/zgv9c ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Cao
- Chinese General Practice Publishing House, Co., Ltd, Handan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Phillips WR, Sturgiss E, Glasziou P, Olde Hartman TC, Orkin AM, Prathivadi P, Reeve J, Russell GM, van Weel C. Improving the Reporting of Primary Care Research: Consensus Reporting Items for Studies in Primary Care-the CRISP Statement. Ann Fam Med 2023; 21:549-555. [PMID: 37788942 PMCID: PMC10681700 DOI: 10.1370/afm.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary care (PC) is a unique clinical specialty and research discipline with its own perspectives and methods. Research in this field uses varied research methods and study designs to investigate myriad topics. The diversity of PC presents challenges for reporting, and despite the proliferation of reporting guidelines, none focuses specifically on the needs of PC. The Consensus Reporting Items for Studies in Primary Care (CRISP) Checklist guides reporting of PC research to include the information needed by the diverse PC community, including practitioners, patients, and communities. CRISP complements current guidelines to enhance the reporting, dissemination, and application of PC research findings and results. Prior CRISP studies documented opportunities to improve research reporting in this field. Our surveys of the international, interdisciplinary, and interprofessional PC community identified essential items to include in PC research reports. A 2-round Delphi study identified a consensus list of items considered necessary. The CRISP Checklist contains 24 items that describe the research team, patients, study participants, health conditions, clinical encounters, care teams, interventions, study measures, settings of care, and implementation of findings/results in PC. Not every item applies to every study design or topic. The CRISP guidelines inform the design and reporting of (1) studies done by PC researchers, (2) studies done by other investigators in PC populations and settings, and (3) studies intended for application in PC practice. Improved reporting of the context of the clinical services and the process of research is critical to interpreting study findings/results and applying them to diverse populations and varied settings in PC.Annals "Online First" article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Sturgiss
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tim C Olde Hartman
- Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris van Weel
- Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Mergenthal K, Güthlin C, Klein AA, Engler J, Gerber M, Petermann J, Piller S, Bergmann A, Gerlach FM, Voigt K. [SaxoForN-a transregional primary care research network in Dresden and Frankfurt am Main : Design of a practice-based research infrastructure]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:1042-1050. [PMID: 37311815 PMCID: PMC10264090 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Establishing primary care research networks (PCRNs) makes it easier to conduct clinical trials and health services research in a general-practice setting. Since February 2020, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has sponsored the development of six PCRNs and a coordination unit throughout Germany, with the aim of setting up a sustainable outpatient research infrastructure to raise the quantity and quality of primary care.The present article describes the design of a PCRN in Dresden and Frankfurt am Main - SaxoForN - and explains its structure and how it operates. The network is a transregional alliance between the two regional PCRNs named "SaxoN" (Dresden/Saxony) and "ForN" (Frankfurt am Main/Hesse), both of which run transregional and local research projects. For this purpose, joint standards and harmonized structures, for example with respect to the data infrastructure, qualifications, participation, and accreditation, were agreed upon and implemented at both sites.A critical success factor will be whether and to what extent the standards and structures, as well as resource planning, can be designed sustainably enough to permit the PCRNs to carry out high-quality research over the long term. To achieve this, the PCRNs will have to attract new practices and build up lasting relationships with them, qualify the research practices in order to standardize processes as far as possible, and regularly document their basic information and healthcare data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Mergenthal
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
| | - Corina Güthlin
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - Astrid A Klein
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Bereich Allgemeinmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Engler
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - Meike Gerber
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
- Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Jenny Petermann
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Bereich Allgemeinmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Steve Piller
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Bereich Allgemeinmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Antje Bergmann
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Bereich Allgemeinmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Ferdinand M Gerlach
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - Karen Voigt
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Bereich Allgemeinmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
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Supporting care engagement in primary care; the development of a maturity matrix. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279542. [PMID: 36602972 PMCID: PMC9815637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care engagement or active patient involvement in healthcare contributes to the quality of primary care, but organisational preconditions in routine practice need to be aligned. A Maturity Matrix for Care Engagement to assess and discuss these preconditions in the general practice team was developed and tested on feasibility and acceptability in general practice. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic user-centred approach was applied, starting with a scoping literature search to describe the domains on the horizontal axis of the maturity matrix. The domains and growing steps (vertical axis) were refined by patients (n = 16) and general practice staff (n = 11) in three focus group discussions and reviewed by six experts (local facilitators and scientists). Seven domains could be distinguished: Personalised Care, Shared Decision Making, Self-Management, Patient as Partner, Supportive Means, Patient Environment, and Teamwork among Healthcare Professionals. The growing steps described three to six activities per domain (n = 32 in total) that contribute to care engagement. Local facilitators implemented the tool in two general practice teams according to a user guide, starting with a two-hour kick-off meeting on care engagement. In the next step, practitioners, nurses and assistants in each practice indicated their score on the domains individually. The scores were discussed in the facilitated practice meeting which was aimed at SMART improvement plans. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed in interviews showing that the tool was well received by the pilot practices, although the practice assistants had difficulties scoring some of the activities as they did not always relate to their daily work. An assessment after three months showed changes in practice organisation towards increased care engagement. CONCLUSIONS The maturity matrix on care engagement is a tool to identify the organisational practice maturity for care engagement. Suggested adaptations must be implemented before large-scale testing.
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Poitras ME, Couturier Y, Doucet E, T. Vaillancourt V, Poirier MD, Gauthier G, Hudon C, Delli-Colli N, Gagnon D, Careau E, Duhoux A, Gaboury I, Charif AB, Ashcroft R, Lukewich J, Ramond-Roquin A, Massé S. Co-design, implementation, and evaluation of an expanded train-the-trainer strategy to support the sustainability of evidence-based practice guides for registered nurses and social workers in primary care clinics: a developmental evaluation protocol. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:84. [PMID: 35436845 PMCID: PMC9016936 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The implementation of evidence-based innovations is incentivized as part of primary care reform in Canada. In the Province of Québec, it generated the creation of interprofessional care models involving registered nurses and social workers as members of primary care clinics. However, the scope of practice for these professionals remains variable and suboptimal. In 2019, expert committees co-designed and published two evidence-based practice guides, but no clear strategy has been identified to support their assimilation. This project’s goal is to support the implementation and deployment of practice guides for both social workers and registered nurses using a train-the-trainer educational intervention. Methods/design This three-phase project is a developmental evaluation using a multiple case study design across 17 primary care clinics. It will involve trainers in healthcare centers, patients, registered nurses and social workers. The development and implementation of an expanded train-the-trainer strategy will be informed by a patient-oriented research approach, the Kirkpatrick learning model, and evidence-based practice guides. For each case and phase, the qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed using a convergent design method and will be integrated through assimilation. Discussion This educational intervention model will allow us to better understand the complex context of primary care clinics, involving different settings and services offered. This study protocol, based on reflective practice, patient-centered research and focused on the needs of the community in collaboration with partners and patients, may serve as an evidence based educational intervention model for further study in primary care.
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Abstract
The European General Practice Research Network (EGPRN) has recently published an updated research strategy with the overall aim being to promote relevant research of the highest quality within general practice/family medicine (GP/FM). The Research Strategy indicates a global direction and serves as a basis for more detailed plans in individual countries that will take into account the characteristics of a country, its specific needs and the level of current research capacity. This paper aims to provide a summary of the EGPRN Research Strategy.The Research Strategy suggests that it is necessary to consider what the knowledge deficits are and to set research priorities. Research capacity building (RCB) is required at all levels. Research in GP/FM will also have to reflect the changes in the profession. An innovative and sustainable-oriented approach to conducting research is needed. Use of existing toolkits and engagement with patient platforms and representative groups are necessary to ensure meaningful user involvement. Knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) is an important component to ensure a process of exchange between researchers and knowledge users.Working to improve leadership, to support the creation of a research culture in GP/FM and to increase national and international networking are considered as fundamental to ensuring a portfolio of high-quality research and for improving the impact of GP/FM research. The recommendations in the Research Strategy are based on a review of the literature on general practice research from 2010 to 2019 and are set in the context of a theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Collins
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland.,European General Practice Research Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Ponka D, Coffman M, Fraser-Barclay KE, Fortier RDW, Howe A, Kidd M, Lennon RP, Madaki JKA, Mash B, Mohd Sidik S, van Weel C, Zawaly K, Goodyear-Smith F. Fostering global primary care research: a capacity-building approach. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 5:bmjgh-2020-002470. [PMID: 32624501 PMCID: PMC7337619 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alma Ata and Astana Declarations reaffirm the importance of high-quality primary healthcare (PHC), yet the capacity to undertake PHC research—a core element of high-quality PHC—in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) is limited. Our aim is to explore the current risks or barriers to primary care research capacity building, identify the ongoing tensions that need to be resolved and offer some solutions, focusing on emerging contexts. This paper arose from a workshop held at the 2019 North American Primary Care Research Group Annual Meeting addressing research capacity building in LMICs. Five case studies (three from Africa, one from South-East Asia and one from South America) illustrate tensions and solutions to strengthening PHC research around the world. Research must be conducted in local contexts and be responsive to the needs of patients, populations and practitioners in the community. The case studies exemplify that research capacity can be strengthened at the micro (practice), meso (institutional) and macro (national policy and international collaboration) levels. Clinicians may lack coverage to enable research time; however, practice-based research is precisely the most relevant for PHC. Increasing research capacity requires local skills, training, investment in infrastructure, and support of local academics and PHC service providers to select, host and manage locally needed research, as well as to disseminate findings to impact local practice and policy. Reliance on funding from high-income countries may limit projects of higher priority in LMIC, and ‘brain drain’ may reduce available research support; however, we provide recommendations on how to deal with these tensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ponka
- Besrour Centre for Global Family Medicine, College of Family Physicians of Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Coffman
- Robert Graham Center Policy Studies in Family Medicine and Primary Care, Washington DC, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Richard D W Fortier
- General Practice, University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand.,Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Howe
- Primary Care, University of East Anglia Norwich Medical School, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Michael Kidd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada and Southgate Institute for Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert P Lennon
- Family and Community Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremiah K A Madaki
- Family Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.,Family Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria
| | - Bob Mash
- Family and Emergency Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sherina Mohd Sidik
- Psychiatry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chris van Weel
- Department Primary and Community Care, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kristina Zawaly
- Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,General Practice and Primary Health Care, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Felicity Goodyear-Smith
- General Practice, University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand.,University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Mash R. Establishing family physician research networks in South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2020; 62:e1-e4. [PMID: 33179955 PMCID: PMC8378057 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v62i1.5216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Practice-based research networks have been an important strategy in many parts of the world to enable primary care research and involve clinicians. The Stellenbosch University Family Physician Research Network (SUFPREN) was established in 2017 to enable family physicians in clinical practice to engage with practical research that addressed key challenges and enhanced clinical governance. It is a collaboration between academic family physicians at the university and clinical family physicians in the district health services. In this article, the establishment of SUFPREN is described – membership of the network, selection of research questions, roles in the research process, communication and coordination, involvement of the Department of Health, types of questions and methods, data management, dissemination of findings and funding. The initial work of SUFPREN is described and a vision for future family physician research networks in South Africa is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mash
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town.
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Adler L, Gabay L, Yehoshua I. Primary care physicians' attitudes toward research: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Fam Pract 2020; 37:306-313. [PMID: 31786591 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research in family medicine can improve health outcomes and increase physicians' professionalism, yet is modest compared to other disciplines and receives little funding. OBJECTIVES To identify factors that promote and impede engagement of family physicians in research and to compare characteristics of family physicians who do and do not engage in research. METHODS During September to October 2018, e-mail questionnaires were sent to 1424 primary care physicians of one health maintenance organization. Respondents were classified as researchers and non-researchers based on their research experience. Responses were analysed using univariate analysis, principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of 235 respondents, 48 (20.4%) were categorized as researchers. The respondents generally agreed that research in primary care improves medical services and provides professional prestige; and that workload, bureaucracy and lack of dedicated time hinder engagement in research. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with being a researcher, including advanced research training (P = 0.001, AOR = 8.49, 95% CI [2.49-29.14]), reading more research articles (P = 0.013, AOR = 14.16, 95% CI [1.76-113.5] and self-employment (P = 0.005, AOR = 5.92, 95% CI [1.71-20.44]). In a factor analysis, only 'importance of research' was associated with being a researcher (P = 0.039, AOR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.03-3.48]). Compared to non-researchers, researchers were older (83.3% versus 51.3% aged >40 years, P < 0.001), more often men (60.4% versus 37.4%, P = 0.02) and worked more (41.7% versus 16.7% worked >41 hours weekly, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Providing time dedicated to research, administrative support, research training and education about the importance of research could increase participation in research by primary care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Adler
- Department of Family Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Linoy Gabay
- Department of Family Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Yehoshua
- Department of Family Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Israel
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Siribaddana P, Hewapathirana R, Jayatilleke AU, Sahay S, Dissanayake VH. Strengthening health systems through informatics capacity development among doctors in low-resource contexts: the Sri Lankan experience. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2020; 8:87-94. [PMID: 31441443 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.264852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the process of strengthening health systems, a lack of health-informatics capacity within low- and middle-income country settings is a considerable challenge. Many capacity-development initiatives on health informatics exist, most of which focus on the adoption of eHealth tools by front-line health-care workers. By contrast, there are only a few programmes that focus on empowering medical doctors in low- and middle-income countries to become champions of digital health innovation and adoption. Sri Lanka has a dynamic eHealth ecosystem, resulting largely from the country’s community of medical doctors who are also health informaticians. They are the result of a decade-long programme centred on a Master of Science degree course in biomedical informatics, which has trained over 150 medical doctors to date, and has now been extended to a specialist training programme. This paper evaluates this unique capacity-development effort from the perspective of strengthening health systems and how those in other low- and middle-income country contexts may learn from the Sri Lankan experience when implementing capacity-development programmes in health informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandula Siribaddana
- Specialty Board in Biomedical Informatics, Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Roshan Hewapathirana
- Specialty Board in Biomedical Informatics, Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Achala U Jayatilleke
- Specialty Board in Biomedical Informatics, Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sundeep Sahay
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Vajira Hw Dissanayake
- Specialty Board in Biomedical Informatics, Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
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The publication rate of oral presentations presented in national congresses of Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery. TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 27:329-335. [PMID: 32082880 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2019.17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the literature contribution of oral presentations presented in the largest national congresses of the Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery. Methods A total of 675 orally presented abstracts during biannually organized 12th, 13th, and 14th congresses were reviewed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in May 2018. Abstracts were searched for institutions where they were submitted, publication status in scientific journals, type of peer-reviewed journal, and publication year. Results Of a total of 675 oral presentations, 69.1% were clinical studies, 18.8% were case reports, and 12.1% were experimental researches. Of all accepted abstracts, 47.3% were from university hospitals, 36.1% were from training and research hospitals, and 16.6% were from other multi-center institutions. A total of 279 (41.3%) abstracts were published in a scientific journal. There was a significant difference among the institutions in terms of the rate of publication (p=0.04), and the university hospitals had the highest rate. The mean time from presentation to publication in a scientific journal was 16.7±9.1 (range, 4 to 60) months. Conclusion The rate of published abstracts from the last three congresses of the Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery is higher compared to the literature results reporting national congresses of other specialties, but is lower than the international congresses. We believe that this ratio should be increased to reach the same level as international reports and the methods to encourage researchers to publish should be developed.
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Kaur N, Vedel I, El Sherif R, Pluye P. Practical mixed methods strategies used to integrate qualitative and quantitative methods in community-based primary health care research. Fam Pract 2019; 36:666-671. [PMID: 30888015 PMCID: PMC6781936 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed methods (MM) are common in community-based primary health care (CBPHC) research studies. Several strategies have been proposed to integrate qualitative and quantitative components in MM, but they are seldom well conceptualized and described. The purpose of the present review was to identify and describe practical MM strategies and combinations of strategies used to integrate qualitative and quantitative methods in CBPHC research. METHODS A methodological review with qualitative synthesis (grouping) was performed. Records published in English in 2015 were retrieved from the Scopus bibliographic database. Eligibility criteria were: CBPHC empirical study, MM research with detailed description of qualitative and quantitative methods and their integration. Data were extracted from included studies and grouped using a conceptual framework comprised of three theoretical types of MM integration, the seven combinations of these types and nine practical strategies (three per type of integration) and multiple combinations of strategies. RESULTS Among the 151 articles reporting CBPHC and MM studies retrieved, 54 (35.7%) met the inclusion criteria for this review. The included studies provided examples of the three theoretical types of MM integration, the seven combinations of these types as well as the nine practical strategies. Overall, 15 combinations of these strategies were observed. No emerging strategy was observed that was not predicted by the conceptual framework. CONCLUSIONS This review can provide guidance to CBPHC researchers for planning, conducting and reporting practical strategies and combinations of strategies used for integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in MM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reem El Sherif
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre Pluye
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
The 40th anniversary of the World Health Organization Alma-Ata Declaration in Astana offered the impetus to discuss the extent to which integrated primary health care (PHC) has been successfully implemented and its impact on research and practice. This paper focuses on the experiences from Greece in implementing primary health care reform and lessons learned from the conduct of evidence-based research. It critically examines what appears to be impeding the effective implementation of integrated PHC in a country affected by the financial and refugee crisis. The key challenges for establishing integrated people-centred primary care include availability of family physicians, information and communication technology, the prevention and management of chronic disease and migrant and refugees' health. Policy recommendations are formulated to guide the primary health care reform in Greece, while attempting to inform efforts in other countries with similar conditions.
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Luna Puerta L, Apfelbacher C, Smith H. Proliferation of the WReN spider, an instrument to measure health professionals' experience of research: a bibliographic study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:255. [PMID: 31288819 PMCID: PMC6617600 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1997 the "Wessex Research Network (WReN) Spider" was developed and validated to assess the research experience of general practice based researchers. This bibliometric study traces the use and development of this instrument over 15 years. METHODS We performed a bibliographic search to identify all the citations of the original article since 2002. RESULTS Thirty one relevant papers were found. Publications were classified according to whether they used (N = 18) or cited (N = 13) the WReN Spider. The majority of these papers came from Australia (N = 18) and 10 papers focussed on the research training of Allied Health Professionals. The WReN Spider was used in 12 studies to assess baseline experience before a training intervention or to compare before and after training scores. The WReN Spider was often (N = 9) modified to additionally assess interest, confidence or interest in up-skilling in each of its 10 limbs. It was also often (N = 14) used in tandem with open ended questions to gain a more detailed understanding of people's research skills, or with additional questions focussing on the research context, culture and team. None of the papers confirmed the validation of the WReN Spider, although it was applied in contexts that differed from the one in which it was developed. CONCLUSIONS The WReN Spider continues to be used to measure the research experience of health care practitioners, but it is frequently enhanced with other questions to look at the wider issues of research success, including collaborators, resource and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Luna Puerta
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Helen Smith
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Vedel I, Kaur N, Hong QN, El Sherif R, Khanassov V, Godard-Sebillotte C, Sourial N, Yang XQ, Pluye P. Why and how to use mixed methods in primary health care research. Fam Pract 2019; 36:365-368. [PMID: 31120129 PMCID: PMC6544942 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Quan Nha Hong
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reem El Sherif
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimir Khanassov
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nadia Sourial
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xin Qiang Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Pluye
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Howe
- Primary Care Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Kidd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Huas C, Petek D, Diaz E, Muñoz-Perez MA, Torzsa P, Collins C. Strategies to improve research capacity across European general practice: The views of members of EGPRN and Wonca Europe. Eur J Gen Pract 2019; 25:25-31. [PMID: 30607993 PMCID: PMC6394293 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2018.1546282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of any national healthcare system is highly correlated with the strength of primary care within that system. A strong research basis is essential for a firm and vibrant primary care system. General practitioners (GPs) are at the centre of most primary care systems. Objectives: To inform on actions required to increase research capacity in general practice, particularly in low capacity countries, we collected information from the members of the European General Practice Research Network (EGPRN) and the European World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca). Methods: A qualitative design including eight semi-structured interviews and two discursive workshops were undertaken with members of EGPRN and Wonca Europe. Appreciative inquiry methods were utilized. Krueger’s (1994) framework analysis approach was used to analyse the data. Results: Research performance in general practice requires improvements in the following areas: visibility of research; knowledge acquisition; mentoring and exchange; networking and research networks; collaboration with industry, authorities and other stakeholders. Research capacity building (RCB) strategies need to be both flexible and financially supported. Leadership and collaboration are crucial. Conclusion: Members of the GP research community see the clear need for both national and international primary care research networks to facilitate appropriate RCB interventions. These interventions should be multifaceted, responding to needs at different levels and tailored to the context where they are to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Huas
- a UVSQ, CESP, INSERM , Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud , Villejuif , France.,b Fondation santé des étudiants de France , Paris , France
| | - Davorina Petek
- c Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,d Executive Board , European General Practice Research Network , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Diaz
- e Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,f Norwegian Centre for Migration and Minority Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Miquel A Muñoz-Perez
- g Departement de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya , Institut Català de la Salut. IDIAP-Jordi Gol , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Peter Torzsa
- h Department of Family Medicine , Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Claire Collins
- d Executive Board , European General Practice Research Network , Maastricht, The Netherlands.,i The Irish College of General Practitioners , Dublin , Ireland
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Burgers JS, Wittenberg J, Keuken DG, Dekker F, Hohmann FP, Leereveld D, Ligthart SA, Mulder JWA, Rutten G, van der Wouden JC, van Balen JAM, Knottnerus JA. Development of a research agenda for general practice based on knowledge gaps identified in Dutch guidelines and input from 48 stakeholders. Eur J Gen Pract 2018; 25:19-24. [PMID: 30474455 PMCID: PMC6394312 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2018.1532993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several funding organizations using different agendas support research in general practice. Topic selection and prioritization are often not coordinated, which may lead to duplication and research waste. Objectives: To develop systematically a national research agenda for general practice involving general practitioners, researchers, patients and other relevant stakeholders in healthcare. Methods: We reviewed knowledge gaps from 90 Dutch general practice guidelines and formulated research questions based on these gaps. In addition, we asked 96 healthcare stakeholders to add research questions relevant for general practice. All research questions were prioritized by practising general practitioners in an online survey (n = 232) and by participants of an invitational conference including general practitioners (n = 48) and representatives of other stakeholders in healthcare (n = 16), e.g. patient organizations and medical specialists. Results: We identified 787 research questions. These were categorized in two ways: according to the chapters of the International Classification for Primary Care (ICPC) and in 12 themes such as common conditions, person-centred care and patient education, collaboration and organization of care. The prioritizing procedure resulted in top 10 lists of research questions for each ICPC chapter and each theme. Conclusion: The process resulted in a widely supported National Research Agenda for General Practice. We encourage both researchers and funding organizations to use this agenda to focus their research on the most relevant issues in general practice and to generate new evidence for the next generation of guidelines and the future of general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jako S Burgers
- a Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,b Dutch College of General Practitioners , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Debby G Keuken
- b Dutch College of General Practitioners , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dieuwke Leereveld
- e Knowledge Institute of Medical Specialists , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne A Ligthart
- f General Practice, Amersfoort/Nijmegen, and Department of General Practice , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Guy Rutten
- h Diabetology in Primary Care, Julius Centre , University Medical Centre , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C van der Wouden
- i Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - J André Knottnerus
- a Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Cooke J, Gardois P, Booth A. Uncovering the mechanisms of research capacity development in health and social care: a realist synthesis. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:93. [PMID: 30241484 PMCID: PMC6150992 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research capacity development (RCD) is considered fundamental to closing the evidence-practice gap, thereby contributing to health, wealth and knowledge for practice. Numerous frameworks and models have been proposed for RCD, but there is little evidence of what works for whom and under what circumstances. There is a need to identify mechanisms by which candidate interventions or clusters of interventions might achieve RCD and contribute to societal impact, thereby proving meaningful to stakeholders. METHODS A realist synthesis was used to develop programme theories for RCD. Structured database searches were conducted across seven databases to identify papers examining RCD in a health or social care context (1998-2013). In addition, citation searches for 10 key articles (citation pearls) were conducted across Google Scholar and Web of Science. Of 214 included articles, 116 reported on specific interventions or initiatives or their evaluation. The remaining 98 articles were discussion papers or explicitly sought to make a theoretical contribution. A core set of 36 RCD theoretical and conceptual papers were selected and analysed to generate mechanisms that map across macro contexts (individual, team, organisational, network). Data were extracted by means of 'If-Then' statements into an Excel spreadsheet. Models and frameworks were deconstructed into their original elements. RESULTS Eight overarching programme theories were identified featuring mechanisms that were triggered across multiple contexts. Three of these fulfilled a symbolic role in signalling the importance of RCD (e.g. positive role models, signal importance, make a difference), whilst the remainder were more functional (e.g. liberate talents, release resource, exceed sum of parts, learning by doing and co-production of knowledge). Outcomes from one mechanism produced changes in context to stimulate mechanisms in other activities. The eight programme theories were validated with findings from 10 systematic reviews (2014-2017). CONCLUSIONS This realist synthesis is the starting point for constructing an RCD framework shaped by these programme theories. Future work is required to further test and refine these findings against empirical data from intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Cooke
- NIHR CLAHRC Yorkshire & Humber, Research Capacity and Engagement Programme Management, 11 Broomfield Road, Sheffield, S10 2SE, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Gardois
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
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Seifert B. The challenging path to establish general practice in an academic environment – the case of the Czech Republic. MEDICAL SCIENCE PULSE 2018. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The academic development of general practice (GP) within countries of Central and Eastern Europe began only
after the political changes in the 1990s. From a research perspective GP has a reputation for being amongst the
least intellectually rigorous clinical disciplines. This has several serious consequences; loss of self-confidence,
lack of attractiveness as an intellectual discipline and less application of critical thinking in routine clinical
work. The only solution is an effort to develop research in primary care, as this is the ultimate attribute of scientifically
oriented disciplines such as medicine.
GP research in the Czech Republic has a low level of awareness and support. Its development is slow and faces
many barriers; lack of financial resources, lack of leading personalities within the field, lack of ideas, lack of scientific
education, lack of experience, and insufficient research capacity. As GPs, we do not have enough skills to
write and publish scientific papers. Research is also not recognised as an essential component of GP training.
However, research in primary care is developing and here I present several successful research projects withinour department. Research has been proposed as a vital agenda towards the new concept of general practice, as recently presented to the government by the Society of GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Seifert
- Department of General Practice, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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von Pressentin KB, Mash RJ, Baldwin-Ragaven L, Botha RPG, Govender I, Steinberg WJ, Esterhuizen TM. The Influence of Family Physicians Within the South African District Health System: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Fam Med 2018; 16:28-36. [PMID: 29311172 PMCID: PMC5758317 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence of the influence of family physicians on health care is required to assist managers and policy makers with human resource planning in Africa. The international argument for family physicians derives mainly from research in high-income countries, so this study aimed to evaluate the influence of family physicians on the South African district health system. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in 7 South African provinces, comparing 15 district hospitals and 15 community health centers (primary care facilities) with family physicians and the same numbers without family physicians. Facilities with and without family physicians were matched on factors such as province, setting, and size. RESULTS Among district hospitals, those with family physicians generally scored better on indicators of health system performance and clinical processes, and they had significantly fewer modifiable factors associated with pediatric mortality (mean, 2.2 vs 4.7, P =.049). In contrast, among community health centers, those with family physicians generally scored more poorly on indicators of health system performance and clinical processes, with significantly poorer mean scores for continuity of care (2.79 vs 3.03; P =.03) and coordination of care (3.05 vs 3.51; P =.02). CONCLUSIONS In this study, having family physicians on staff was associated with better indicators of performance and processes in district hospitals but not in community health centers. The latter was surprising and is inconsistent with the global literature, suggesting that further research is needed on the influence of family physicians at the primary care level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus B von Pressentin
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Mash
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laurel Baldwin-Ragaven
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Indiran Govender
- Family Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Tonya M Esterhuizen
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas H. Koskela
- National Editor of Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care Research Coordinator, Tutka Primary Care Research Network, Finland
- Editor, Duodecim Medical Publications Ltd University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Alison JA, Zafiropoulos B, Heard R. Key factors influencing allied health research capacity in a large Australian metropolitan health district. J Multidiscip Healthc 2017; 10:277-291. [PMID: 28860795 PMCID: PMC5558427 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s142009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify key factors affecting research capacity and engagement of allied health professionals working in a large metropolitan health service. Identifying such factors will assist in determining strategies for building research capacity in allied health. Materials and methods A total of 276 allied health professionals working within the Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) completed the Research Capacity in Context Tool (RCCT) that measures research capacity and culture across three domains: organization, team, and individual. An exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to identify common themes within each of these domains. Correlations were performed between demographic variables and the identified factors to determine possible relationships. Results Research capacity and culture success/skill levels were reported to be higher within the organization and team domains compared to the individual domain (median [interquartile range, IQR] 6 [5–8], 6 [5–8], 5 [3–7], respectively; Friedman χ2(2)=42.04, p<0.001). Exploratory factor analyses were performed to identify factors that were perceived by allied health respondents to affect research capacity. Factors identified within the organization domain were infrastructure for research (eg, funds and equipment) and research culture (eg, senior manager’s support for research); within the team domain the factors were research orientation (eg, dissemination of results at research seminars) and research support (eg, providing staff research training). Within the individual domain, only one factor was identified which was the research skill of the individual (eg, literature evaluation, submitting ethics applications and data analysis, and writing for publication). Conclusion The reported skill/success levels in research were lower for the individual domain compared to the organization or team domains. Key factors were identified in each domain that impacted on allied health research capacity. As these factors were different in each domain, various strategies may be required at the level of the organization, team, and individual to support and build allied health research capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Alison
- Faculty of Health Sciences Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney.,Allied Health Professorial Unit, Sydney Local Health District
| | - Bill Zafiropoulos
- Faculty of Health Sciences Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney.,Allied Health Professorial Unit, Sydney Local Health District
| | - Robert Heard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Discipline of Behavioral and Social Sciences in Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Waldorff FB, Petersen K, Vinther S, Sandholdt H, Siersma V, Andersen JS. Full journal publication of abstracts presented at the Nordic Congress of General Practice in 2009 and 2011. Scand J Prim Health Care 2017; 35:84-88. [PMID: 28277049 PMCID: PMC5361423 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1288820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the overall publication rates for abstracts presented at two consecutive Nordic Congresses of General Practice and to evaluate determinants for these publication rates. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications from 1 January 2009 up until 31 August 2014. METHODS Abstracts accepted for oral or poster presentation were identified from the original congress booklets from the Nordic Congresses of General Practice in 2009 and 2011. Based on PubMed and Google Scholar searches, we subsequently identified full journal publications within a 36-month follow-up from both congresses. In cases of doubt, the first author was contacted directly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Full journal publication within 36 months after the congress. RESULTS A total of 200 abstracts were analyzed. Of these, 85 (42.5%) were identified with a full publication within 36 months after the congress. More abstracts from the 2011 congress were published compared to the 2009 congress odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.10; 3.50). Abstracts accepted for oral presentation were more often published OR 1.94, 95% CI (1.08; 3.50) than accepted poster abstracts. In the multivariate analysis, a university affiliation for both first and last author increased the probability for publication OR 4.23, 95% CI (1.71; 10.42), as well as more than two authors. An optimal number, based on the highest OR, seems to be 3-4 authors with OR 2.43, 95% CI (1.07; 5.54). Qualitative studies were published at the same frequency as quantitative studies OR 1.36, 95% CI (0.57; 3.24). CONCLUSION Less than half of the abstracts accepted for oral or poster presentation at two consecutive Nordic Congresses of General Practice were published as full text articles within 36 months. Key points Congress abstracts accepted for Nordic Congress of General Practice are not indexed in international search databases. Less than half of the abstracts accepted for oral or poster presentation at two consecutive Nordic Congresses of General Practice were published as full text articles within 36 months. Future congress committees could address this aspect in order to increase the visibility of and accessibility to research within the field of general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Boch Waldorff
- The Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CONTACT Frans Boch Waldorff University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristine Petersen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri Vinther
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkon Sandholdt
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Sahl Andersen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Serrudo de Domínguez NM, Ponzo J, Ramírez Aranda JM, Argudo Haro CA, Riveros Ríos ME, Vargas Villarreal P, Ariel Franco JV, Adrián Terrasa S, Perozo García JC, Costa Días MCD, Torres Toala FG, Flete González R. Investigación en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en Iberoamérica. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2016. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc11(0)1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
El grupo de trabajo # 4 de la VI Cumbre Iberoamericana de Medicina Familiar en San José, Costa Rica, 2016 se conformó para lograr contribuir al desarrollo de la investigación en Medicina Familiar y Atención Primaria en Iberoamérica, así como para consolidar la Red IBIMEFA. Estuvo integrado por 54 médicos de 21 países. Se nombraron 2 coordinadores generales y 10 coordinadores para dirigir los cinco subgrupos. El trabajo realizado por este grupo durante ocho meses, obtuvo como resultado la identificación de líneas activas y prioritarias de investigación en medicina familiar, la necesidad de realizar estrategias para promover la producción científica, tales como: a) desarrollo de pasantías de investigación en diferentes regiones; b) identificación de fuentes de financiamiento; c) lograr una plataforma virtual, soporte para asesorías y foros de investigación coordinados por IBIMEFA.
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McCarthy P, Bethune C, Fitzgerald S, Graham W, Asghari S, Heeley T, Godwin M. Curriculum development of 6for6: Longitudinal research skills program for rural and remote family physicians. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2016; 62:e89-e95. [PMID: 27331222 PMCID: PMC4755652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM ADDRESSED To address barriers challenging the engagement of rural and remote family physicians (RRFPs) in research, Memorial University of Newfoundland in St John's has developed a longitudinal faculty development program (FDP) called 6for6. OBJECTIVE OF PROGRAM To establish and evaluate a longitudinal FDP that promotes a foundation of research activity. Program description Informed by a needs assessment in phase 1, phase 2 saw the 6for6 curriculum designed, developed, and implemented to reflect the unique needs of RRFPs. Preliminary evaluations have been conducted and results will be presented after year 1 of the program. CONCLUSION The 6for6 FDP has been positively received by participants, and it is evident that they will serve as champions of rural research capacity building. It is anticipated that by April 2017, 18 RRFPs will be equipped with the research and leadership skills required to foster research networks within and outside their communities.
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Hong Y, Yao Q, Yang Y, Feng JJ, Wu SD, Ji WX, Yao L, Liu ZY. Knowledge structure and theme trends analysis on general practitioner research: A Co-word perspective. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2016; 17:10. [PMID: 26831329 PMCID: PMC4734860 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-016-0403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) are the most important providers of primary health care, as proven by related research published several decades ago. However, the knowledge structure and theme trends of such research remain unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to provide an overview of the development of research on GPs over the period of 1999 to 2014. METHODS Studies on GPs conducted from 1999 to 2014 were retrieved from PubMed. In this work, co-word, social network analysis, and theme trends analyses were conducted to reveal the knowledge structures and thematic evolution of research on GPs. RESULTS The number of conducted studies on GPs increased. However, growth speed slowed down during the past 16 years. A total of 27 high-frequency keywords were identified in 1999 to 2003, and more new and specific high-frequency keywords emerged in the subsequent periods. The dynamic of this field was first divergent and then considered convergent. Specifically, network centralization is 19.77%, 19.09%, and 13.04% in 1999 to 2003, 2004 to 2008 and 2009 to 2014, respectively. The major topics of research on GPs completed from 1999 to 2014 were "physician/family,""attitude of health personnel," and "primary health care," and "general practitioner" communities, and so on. CONCLUSION The research themes on GPs are relatively stable at the beginning of the 21(st) century. However, the thematic evolution and research topics of research on GPs are changing dynamically in recent years. Themes related to the roles and competencies of GPs, and the relations between general practitioner and patients/others have become research foci on GPs. In addition, more substantial research especially on comprehensive approaches and holistic modeling, which have been defined in the European Definition of General Practice/Family Medicine, are expected to be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Jian Feng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-de Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Xue Ji
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Yao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Opportunities and barriers to enhance research capacity and outputs among academic family physicians in the Arab world. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2015; 17:98-104. [PMID: 26687846 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423615000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the current status of academic primary care research in Arab countries and investigate the barriers to its adequate implementation. BACKGROUND Research is an essential building block that ensures the advancement of the discipline of Family Medicine (FM). FM research thus ought to be contributed to by all family physicians; nevertheless, its development is being hindered worldwide by several challenges. The amount of research conducted by academic academic family physicians and general practitioners is scant. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the Arab countries. METHODS An online questionnaire was emailed to all academic family physicians practicing in member Arab countries of the World Organization of Family Doctors WONCA-East Mediterranean Region. FINDINGS Seventy-six out of 139 academic family physicians from eight Arab countries completed the questionnaire. Around 75% reported that they are required to conduct research studies, yet only 46% contributed to at least one publication. While 75% and 52.6% disclosed their interest in participating in a research team and in leading a research team respectively, 64.5% reported being currently involved in research activities. Of all, 56% have attended a research ethics course. Lack of training in research, the unavailability of a healthcare system that is supportive of research, insufficient financial resources, and the unavailability of electronic health records were perceived as major barriers in conducting FM research. CONCLUSION Although many physicians in Arab academic institutions expressed enthusiasm to conduct research projects, FM research infrastructure remains to be weak. This demonstrates the need for immense efforts from different parties particularly governments and academic institutions.
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Lin YH, Tseng YH, Chang HT, Lin MH, Tseng YC, Chen TJ, Hwang SJ. Interdisciplinary, interinstitutional and international collaboration of family medicine researchers in Taiwan. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1321. [PMID: 26500827 PMCID: PMC4614802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The family medicine researches flourished worldwide in the past decade. However, the collaborative patterns of family medicine publications had not been reported. Our study analyzed the collaborative activity of family medicine researchers in Taiwan. We focused on the types of collaboration among disciplines, institutions and countries. We searched “family medicine” AND “Taiwan” in address field from Web of Science and documented the disciplines, institutions and countries of all authors. We analyzed the collaborative patterns of family medicine researchers in Taiwan from 2010 to 2014. The journal’s impact factor of each article in the same publication year was also retrieved. Among 1,217 articles from 2010 to 2014, interdisciplinary collaboration existed in 1,185 (97.3%) articles, interinstitutional in 1,012 (83.2%) and international in 142 (11.7%). Public health was the most common collaborative discipline. All international researches were also interdisciplinary and interinstitutional. The United States (75 articles), the United Kingdom (21) and the People’s Republic of China (20) were the top three countries with which family medicine researchers in Taiwan had collaborated. We found a high degree of interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration of family medicine researches in Taiwan. However, the collaboration of family medicine researchers in Taiwan with family medicine colleagues of other domestic or foreign institutions was insufficient. The future direction of family medicine studies could focus on the promotion of communication among family medicine researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Division of Family Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare , New Taipei City , Taiwan ; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Han Tseng
- Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan ; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ting Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hwai Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chiang Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan ; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jang Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
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Kersnik J, Ungan M, Klemenc-Ketis Z. Why does teaching research skills to family medicine trainees make sense? Eur J Gen Pract 2015; 21:253-6. [PMID: 26414382 DOI: 10.3109/13814788.2015.1057813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are only a few countries in Europe that have incorporated research skills training in specialty training programmes. In the eyes of most practising family physicians, research traditionally is a field reserved for colleagues with academic ambitions; an activity that often is not associated with the clinical practice of family medicine. However, residents became aware that research is essential to improving healthcare provision. Research in family medicine has a long tradition. Performing or taking part in research projects opens new horizons to present and future family physicians and provides support to increase their self-esteem. Consequently, this could foster future family medicine development. The authors urge the whole family physician community to raise the awareness every single family physician towards teaching and learning research skills in specialty training and basic medical education as a generic subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kersnik
- a University Ljubljana Medical School , Department of Family Medicine , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Mehmet Ungan
- b University Ankara Medical School , Department of Family Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zalika Klemenc-Ketis
- a University Ljubljana Medical School , Department of Family Medicine , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,c University Maribor Medical Faculty , Department of Medicine , Maribor , Slovenia
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Klemenc-Ketis Z, Kurpas D, Tsiligianni I, Petrazzuoli F, Jacquet JP, Buono N, Lopez-Abuin J, Lionis C. Is a practice-based rural research network feasible in Europe? Eur J Gen Pract 2015; 21:203-9. [DOI: 10.3109/13814788.2015.1046376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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van Weel C. Research and clinical practice: How to better answer the needs of patient care. J Clin Epidemiol 2015; 68:1244-6. [PMID: 26092289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article analyzes the translation of research to clinical practice. Clinical practice is focused on a concrete context in which patients are encountered. This follows from the population under care in terms of their health status, socioeconomic circumstances, cultural and religious features, and social determinants of health but also from the actual function in which the encounter between patient and professional takes place. An understanding of this contextual complexity is as important in the translation of research into practice, as is an understanding of research. This asks for a partnership between practice and research, and the closer to the practice setting research data are collected, the more straightforward the translation is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris van Weel
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute, Building 63, Crn Mills and Eggleston Roads, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia.
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Adams J, Steel A, Chang S, Sibbritt D. Helping address the national research and research capacity needs of Australian chiropractic: introducing the Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN) project. Chiropr Man Therap 2015; 23:12. [PMID: 25834727 PMCID: PMC4381492 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-015-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiropractic is a popular health care choice in Australia and yet major gaps in our empirical understanding of this area of practice remain. Furthermore, while some research excellence exists, a largely uncoordinated approach to research activity and development has in effect led to silos of interest and a lack of strategic ‘big-picture’ planning essential to producing a sustainable research culture and capacity for the profession. This commentary identifies the significance of a number of key features - including a national, coordinated focus, and a rich engagement with the practitioner and patient base amongst others – arguably important to the future development of research and research capacity within Australian chiropractic. The design features and phases of the Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN) project are also outlined. ACORN is one contemporary initiative specifically developed to address chiropractic’s research and research capacity building needs and help grow a broad evidence-base to inform safe, effective patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amie Steel
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia ; Office of Research, Endeavour College of Natural Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sungwon Chang
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
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Dijkmans-Hadley B, Bonney A, Barnett SR. Development of an Australian practice-based research network as a community of practice. Aust J Prim Health 2015; 21:373-8. [PMID: 25738866 DOI: 10.1071/py14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There are many aspects of the communities of practice (CoP) framework that are applicable to the development of a practice-based research network (PBRN), where the focus is upon building primary health-care workers' research capacity and research questions. However, there is limited literature focussed on the application of CoP principles applied to research capacity building in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, through a case study, how a developing PBRN, the Illawarra and Southern Practice Research Network, successfully applied the theoretical foundation of CoP to develop a PBRN in a time- and resource-limited context.
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van Weel C. Primary health care and family medicine at the core of health care: challenges and priorities in how to further strengthen their potential. Front Med (Lausanne) 2014; 1:37. [PMID: 25593911 PMCID: PMC4292187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2014.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris van Weel
- Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Australian National University , Canberra, ACT , Australia
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Cadwallader JS, Lebeau JP, Lasserre E, Letrilliart L. Patient and professional attitudes towards research in general practice: the RepR qualitative study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2014; 15:136. [PMID: 25047280 PMCID: PMC4115489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 1990s, professional institutions worldwide have emphasised the need to develop research in general practice to improve the health of the population. The recent creation of professorships in general practice in French Universities should foster research in this field. Our aim was to explore the views of patients and relevant professionals on research in general practice. METHODS Qualitative study, using the grounded theory approach according to Strauss and Corbin, conducted in 2010 in three French regions. Nine focus groups were run to data saturation, and included 57 participants in four different categories: patients, non-academic GPs, academic GPs, academics in other disciplines. RESULTS Most of the participants in the four categories described research in general practice as specific to the population managed and relevant for health care. They considered that its grounding in day-to-day practice enabled pragmatic approaches. The influence of the pharmaceutical industry, rivalries between university disciplines and a possible gap between research and practice were considered as pitfalls. The barriers identified were representations of the medical researcher as a "laboratory worker", the lack of awareness of any research in the discipline, and lack of time and training. While the views of patients and non-academic GPs are mostly focused on professional issues and the views of academics other than GPs on technical issues, academic GPs are in a position to play a role of interface between the universities and general practices. CONCLUSIONS Although the role of GPs in research is perceived differently by the various protagonists, research in general practice has an undisputed legitimacy in France. Solutions for overcoming the identified barriers include research networks with appropriate resources and training and scientifically sound collaborative research projects, as already implemented in leading countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Cadwallader
- Department of General Practice, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, BP 3223, Tours, Cedex 1 37032, France.
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Tandjung R, Ritter C, Haller DM, Tschudi P, Schaufelberger M, Bischoff T, Herzig L, Rosemann T, Sommer J. Primary care at Swiss universities--current state and perspective. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:308. [PMID: 24885148 PMCID: PMC4037554 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that a strong primary care is a cornerstone of an efficient health care system. But Switzerland is facing a shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs). This pushed the Federal Council of Switzerland to introduce a multifaceted political programme to strengthen the position of primary care, including its academic role. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the situation of academic primary care at the five Swiss universities by the end of year 2012. Results Although primary care teaching activities have a long tradition at the five Swiss universities with activities starting in the beginning of the 1980ies; the academic institutes of primary care were only established in recent years (2005 – 2009). Only one of them has an established chair. Human and financial resources vary substantially. At all universities a broad variety of courses and lectures are offered, including teaching in private primary care practices with 1331 PCPs involved. Regarding research, differences among the institutes are tremendous, mainly caused by entirely different human resources and skills. Conclusion So far, the activities of the existing institutes at the Swiss Universities are mainly focused on teaching. However, for a complete academic institutionalization as well as an increased acceptance and attractiveness, more research activities are needed. In addition to an adequate basic funding of research positions, competitive research grants have to be created to establish a specialty-specific research culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tandjung
- Institute for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Tan NC, Tan YT, Kin PT. Research consultation clinic: impetus towards facilitating primary care research. ASIA PACIFIC FAMILY MEDICINE 2013; 12:4. [PMID: 24041268 PMCID: PMC3848628 DOI: 10.1186/1447-056x-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Singapore, SingHealth Polyclinics (SHP) is an accredited Family Medicine (FM) training centre which managed 1.8 million primary care patient-visits in 2012. To promote research in the institution, research consultation clinics (RCC) are being introduced in 2010 to enable free face-to-face consultation between experienced and novice researchers on specific research topics. Each RCC session allows about an hour or more for the SHP staff, medical undergraduates and general practitioners to seek advice and clarification on key research areas, ranging from research question refinement, study design and execution, data analysis, result presentation to publication. The consultants comprise of two FM researchers with postgraduate research qualification. AIM This article aims to review the implementation of RCC from 2010 to 2012 and its impact on research activities and outcome indicators in the same period of time. METHODS The study comprised of two segments. Part I was a three-year retrospective review of the RCC administrative record. The total number of RCC sessions, hours utilised, participants' profiles, the number of research studies initiated by them and their research presentations at local and overseas scientific meetings/conferences were computed. Part 2 was an anonymous web-based questionnaire survey fielded to RCC participants to collect their feedback on the RCC service and their self-reported initiation and completion of research study after the RCC consultation. RESULTS The RCC sessions increased from 17 to 40 sessions, resulting in increment of 2 to 14 research presentations and from 2 to 6 initiations of new research studies per annum from 2010-2012. The response rate to the questionnaire survey was 70.3%, with the majority of multi-disciplinary respondents rated the RCC service to be accessible, adequate and were satisfied with its quality. Study design, data management and study execution were ranked as important areas of research for consultation. 79% of them had started a research project and 36% had completed their studies. CONCLUSIONS The RCC is a feasible model to catalyse multi-disciplinary research in primary care institutions. Further study is needed to evaluate its relevance when research advances and novice researchers become experienced investigators to take on more complex projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngiap Chuan Tan
- Research Department, SingHealth Polyclinics Head Office, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah, Connection One, Tower 5, #15-10, Singapore 150167, Singapore
- DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yang Thong Tan
- Research Department, SingHealth Polyclinics Head Office, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah, Connection One, Tower 5, #15-10, Singapore 150167, Singapore
| | - Patricia T Kin
- Research Department, SingHealth Polyclinics Head Office, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah, Connection One, Tower 5, #15-10, Singapore 150167, Singapore
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Brodaty H, Gibson LH, Waine ML, Shell AM, Lilian R, Pond CD. Research in general practice: a survey of incentives and disincentives for research participation. MENTAL HEALTH IN FAMILY MEDICINE 2013; 10:163-173. [PMID: 24427184 PMCID: PMC3822664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Recruitment rates of general practitioners (GPs) to do research vary widely. This may be related to the ability of a study to incorporate incentives for GPs and minimise barriers to participation. Method A convenience sample of 30 GPs, ten each from the Sydney intervention and control groups Ageing in General Practice 'Detection and Management of Dementia' project (GP project) and 10 GPs who had refused participation, were recruited to determine incentives and barriers to participating in research. GPs completed the 11-item 'Meeting the challenges of research in general practice: general practitioner questionnaire' (GP survey) between months 15 and 24 of the GP project, and received brief qualitative interviews from a research GP to clarify responses where possible. Results The most important incentives the 30 GPs gave for participating in the project were a desire to update knowledge (endorsed by 70%), to help patients (70%), and altruism (60%). Lack of time (43%) was the main barrier. GPs also commented on excessive paperwork and an inadequate explanation of research. Conclusions While a desire to update knowledge and help patients as well as altruism were incentives, time burden was the primary barrier and was likely related to extensive paperwork. Future recruitment may be improved by minimising time burden, making studies simpler with online data entry, offering remuneration and using a GP recruiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Brodaty
- Scientia Professor of Ageing and Mental Health; Director of Dementia, Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louisa Hr Gibson
- Research Assistant, Academic Department in Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa L Waine
- Research Assistant, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Allan M Shell
- Academic General Practitioner and Honorary Research Fellow
| | - Ruth Lilian
- Administrative Officer Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Constance Dimity Pond
- Professor of General Practice, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Bartlett G, Antoun J, Zgheib NK. Theranostics in primary care: pharmacogenomics tests and beyond. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 12:841-55. [PMID: 23249202 DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Theranostics represents a broadening in the scope of personalized medicine to include companion diagnostics for health interventions ranging from drugs to vaccines, as well as individual susceptibility to disease. Surprisingly, in the course of this broadening of personalized medicine discourse, relatively little attention has been paid to primary care (as compared with tertiary healthcare settings) despite its vast patient population and being a crucial entry point to health services. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics (PGx), a classical theranostics application whereby genotyping and/or gene expression-based tests are used for targeted or optimal therapy, revealed new opportunities to characterize more precisely human genomic variation and the ways in which it contributes to person-to-person and population variations in drug response. In the immediate foreseeable future, the primary-care physicians are expected to play an ever increasing crucial role in PGx-based prescribing in order to reduce the rates of adverse drug events and improve drug efficacy, yet PGx testing in primary care remains limited. In this article, the authors review the advances in PGx applications, the barriers for their adoption in the clinic from a primary care point of view and the efforts that are being undertaken to move PGx forward in this hitherto neglected application context of theranostic medicine. Finally, the authors propose several salient recommendations, including a 5-year forecast, to accelerate the current convergence between PGx and primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Bartlett
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Krztoń-Królewiecka A, Švab I, Oleszczyk M, Seifert B, Smithson WH, Windak A. The development of academic family medicine in central and eastern Europe since 1990. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2013; 14:37. [PMID: 23510461 PMCID: PMC3608318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the early 1990s former communist countries have been reforming their health care systems, emphasizing the key role of primary care and recognizing family medicine as a specialty and an academic discipline. This study assesses the level of academic development of the discipline characterised by education and research in central and eastern European (CEE) countries. METHODS A key informants study, using a questionnaire developed on the basis of a systematic literature review and panel discussions, conducted in 11 central and eastern European countries and Russia. RESULTS Family medicine in CEE countries is now formally recognized as a medical specialty and successfully introduced into medical training at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Almost all universities have FM/GP departments, but only a few of them are led by general practitioners. The specialist training programmes in all countries except Russia fulfil the recommendations of the European Parliament. Structured support for research in FM/GP is not always available. However specific scientific organisations function in almost all countries except Russia. Scientific conferences are regularly organised in all the countries, but peer-reviewed journals are published in only half of them. CONCLUSIONS Family medicine has a relatively strong position in medical education in central and eastern Europe, but research in family practice is less developed. Although the position of the discipline at the universities is not very strong, most of the CEE countries can serve as an example of successful academic development for countries southern Europe, where family medicine is still not fully recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krztoń-Królewiecka
- Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Igor Švab
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marek Oleszczyk
- Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bohumil Seifert
- Department of General Practice, First Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W Henry Smithson
- Academic Unit of Primary Medical Care Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Gay B. Actualisation de la définition européenne de la médecine générale. Presse Med 2013; 42:258-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Hay AD, Rortveit G, Purdy S, Adams J, Sanci LA, Schermer TR, Schers HJ, van der Windt DA. Primary care research--an international responsibility. Fam Pract 2012; 29:499-500. [PMID: 22523391 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cms030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair D Hay
- Academic Unit of Primary Health Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Whitworth A, Haining S, Stringer H. Enhancing research capacity across healthcare and higher education sectors: development and evaluation of an integrated model. BMC Health Serv Res 2012; 12:287. [PMID: 22929175 PMCID: PMC3471044 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With current policy in healthcare research, in the United Kingdom and internationally, focused on development of research excellence in individuals and teams, building capacity for implementation and translation of research is paramount among the professionals who use that research in daily practice. The judicious use of research outcomes and evaluation of best evidence and practice in healthcare is integrally linked to the research capacity and capabilities of the workforce. In addition to promoting high quality research, mechanisms for actively enhancing research capacity more generally must be in place to address the complexities that both undermine and facilitate this activity. Methods A comprehensive collaborative model for building research capacity in one health professional group, speech and language therapy, was developed in a region within the UK and is presented here. The North East of England and the strong research ethos of this profession in addressing complex interventions offered a fertile context for developing and implementing a model which integrated the healthcare and university sectors. Two key frameworks underpin this model. The first addresses the individual participants’ potential trajectory from research consciousness to research participative to research active. The second embeds a model developed for general practitioners into a broader framework of practice-academic partnership and knowledge and skills exchange, and considers external drivers and impacts on practice and patient outcomes as key elements. Results and discussion The integration of practice and academia has been successful in building a culture of research activity within one healthcare profession in a region in the UK and has resulted, to date, in a series of research related outcomes. Understanding the key components of this partnership and the explicit strategies used has driven the implementation of the model and are discussed here. Conclusions A strong, equitable collaboration between clinical and academic partners working towards a common outcome can enhance the use of research within the healthcare workforce and contribute actively to the research process. A set of propositions are specified to facilitate both transferability of this partnership model to other professional groups and clinical teams and evaluation of the model components.
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Schneider A, Großmann N, Linde K. The development of general practice as an academic discipline in Germany - an analysis of research output between 2000 and 2010. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2012; 13:58. [PMID: 22702476 PMCID: PMC3489844 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Governmental funding support is seen as a prerequisite for the growth of research in general practice. Several funding programs in the amount of € 13.2 Mio were introduced in Germany from 2002 to February 2012. We aim to provide an overview of publications reporting original data and systematic reviews from German academic family medicine published between 2000 and 2010. Methods Publications were identified by searching the database Scopus and screening publication lists of family medicine divisions or institutes. Papers had to report original primary research studies or systematic reviews; at least one of the authors had to be affiliated to a German academic family medicine division or institute. Results 794 articles were included. The number of publications increased steadily starting from 107 in the period from 2000 to 2003, to 273 from 2004 to 2007, and finally to 414 from 2008 to 2010. Less than 25% were published in English in the first period. This proportion increased to 60.6% from 2008 to 2010. Articles published in a journal without impact factor decreased from 59.8% to 31.9%. Nevertheless, even in the most recent period only 31.6% of all articles were published in a journal with an impact factor above 2. The median impact factor increased from 0 in the first period to 1.2 in the last. Conclusions The output of original research publications from academic research divisions and institutes for general practice in Germany greatly increased during the last decade. However, professionalism of German primary care research still needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Schneider
- Antonius Schneider Institute of General Practice, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Orleansstrasse 47, 81667, Munich, Germany.
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Systems biology as a conceptual framework for research in family medicine; use in predicting response to influenza vaccination. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2012; 12:310-21. [PMID: 22284946 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423611000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To introduce systems biology as a conceptual framework for research in family medicine, based on empirical data from a case study on the prediction of influenza vaccination outcomes. This concept is primarily oriented towards planning preventive interventions and includes systematic data recording, a multi-step research protocol and predictive modelling. BACKGROUND Factors known to affect responses to influenza vaccination include older age, past exposure to influenza viruses, and chronic diseases; however, constructing useful prediction models remains a challenge, because of the need to identify health parameters that are appropriate for general use in modelling patients' responses. METHODS The sample consisted of 93 patients aged 50-89 years (median 69), with multiple medical conditions, who were vaccinated against influenza. Literature searches identified potentially predictive health-related parameters, including age, gender, diagnoses of the main chronic ageing diseases, anthropometric measures, and haematological and biochemical tests. By applying data mining algorithms, patterns were identified in the data set. Candidate health parameters, selected in this way, were then combined with information on past influenza virus exposure to build the prediction model using logistic regression. FINDINGS A highly significant prediction model was obtained, indicating that by using a systems biology approach it is possible to answer unresolved complex medical uncertainties. Adopting this systems biology approach can be expected to be useful in identifying the most appropriate target groups for other preventive programmes.
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Koo J, Bains J, Collins MB, Dharamsi S. Residency research requirements and the CanMEDS-FM scholar role: perspectives of residents and recent graduates. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2012; 58:e330-e336. [PMID: 22859631 PMCID: PMC3374705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the perspectives of family medicine residents and recent family medicine graduates on the research requirements and other CanMEDS scholar competencies in family practice residency training. DESIGN Semistructured focus groups and individual interviews. SETTING Family practice residency program at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 6 second-year family medicine residents and 6 family physicians who had graduated from the University of British Columbia family practice residency program within the previous 5 years. METHODS Two focus groups with residents and individual interviews with each of the 6 recently graduated physicians. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content. MAIN FINDINGS Three themes emerged that captured key issues around research requirements in family practice training: 1) relating the scholar role to family practice, 2) realizing that scholarship is more than simply the creation or discovery of new knowledge, and 3) addressing barriers to integrating research into a clinical career. CONCLUSION Creation of new medical knowledge is just one aspect of the CanMEDS scholar role, and more attention should be paid to the other competencies, including teaching, enhancing professional activities through ongoing learning, critical appraisal of information, and learning how to better contribute to the dissemination, application, and translation of knowledge. Research is valued as important, but opinions still vary as to whether a formal research study should be required in residency. Completion of residency research projects is viewed as somewhat rewarding, but with an equivocal effect on future research intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Koo
- Department of Family Practice at University of British Columbia in Vancouver
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van Weel C, Roberts RG, De Maeseneer J. Practice and research: seeking common ground to benefit people. Fam Pract 2012; 29 Suppl 1:i10-12. [PMID: 22399537 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmr055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris van Weel
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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