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Gombosh M, Proskorovski-Ohayon R, Yogev Y, Eskin-Schwartz M, Hadar N, Aharoni S, Dolgin V, Cohen E, Birk OS. Developmental dysplasia of the hip caused by homozygous TRIM33 pathogenic variant affecting downstream BMP pathway. J Med Genet 2024; 61:959-965. [PMID: 39054052 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), formerly termed congenital dislocation of the hip, is the most common congenital disease of the musculoskeletal system in newborns. While familial predilection to DDH has been well documented, the molecular genetics/pathways of this common disorder are poorly understood. METHODS Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing; real-time PCR studies of skin fibroblasts. RESULTS Consanguineous Bedouin kindred presented with DDH with apparent autosomal recessive heredity. Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing delineated a single 3.2 Mbp disease-associated chromosome 1 locus (maximal multipoint Logarithm of the Odds score 2.3), containing a single homozygous variant with a relevant expression pattern: addition of threonine in TRIM33 (NM_015906.4); c.1648_1650dup. TRIM33 encodes a protein that acts both in the TGF-β and the BMP pathways; however, it has been mostly studied regarding its function in the TGF-β pathway. Since BMPs are known to act in bone formation, we focused on the BMP pathway, in which TRIM33 functions as a transcription factor, both an activator and repressor. Skin fibroblasts of two affected girls and a heterozygous TRIM33 variant carrier were assayed through reverse-transcription PCR for expression of genes known to be downstream of TRIM33 in the BMP pathway: fibroblasts of affected individuals showed significantly reduced expression of DLX5, significantly increased expression of BGLAP, increased expression of ALPL and no change in expression of RUNX2 or of TRIM33 itself. CONCLUSIONS DDH can be caused by a biallelic variant in TRIM33, affecting the BMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gombosh
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Regina Proskorovski-Ohayon
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuval Yogev
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marina Eskin-Schwartz
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Institute for Human Genetics, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Hadar
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sarit Aharoni
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vadim Dolgin
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eugen Cohen
- Department of Orthopedics, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Institute for Human Genetics, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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2
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Li Z, Wan J, Li S, Tang Y, Lin YCD, Ni J, Cai X, Yu J, Huang HD, Lee TY. Multi-Omics Characterization of E3 Regulatory Patterns in Different Cancer Types. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7639. [PMID: 39062881 PMCID: PMC11276688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, refers to the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to substrates. This modification plays a critical role in diverse cellular processes such as protein degradation. The specificity of ubiquitination for substrates is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases. Dysregulation of ubiquitination has been associated with numerous diseases, including cancers. In our study, we first investigated the protein expression patterns of E3 ligases across 12 cancer types. Our findings indicated that E3 ligases tend to be up-regulated and exhibit reduced tissue specificity in tumors. Moreover, the correlation of protein expression between E3 ligases and substrates demonstrated significant changes in cancers, suggesting that E3-substrate specificity alters in tumors compared to normal tissues. By integrating transcriptome, proteome, and ubiquitylome data, we further characterized the E3-substrate regulatory patterns in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Our analysis revealed that the upregulation of the SKP2 E3 ligase leads to excessive degradation of BRCA2, potentially promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, the upregulation of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33 was identified as a biomarker associated with a favorable prognosis by inhibiting the cell cycle. This work exemplifies how leveraging multi-omics data to analyze E3 ligases across various cancers can unveil prognosis biomarkers and facilitate the identification of potential drug targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingting Wan
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Shangfu Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 75, Boai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chi-Dung Lin
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jie Ni
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Cai
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinhan Yu
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Z.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 75, Boai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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3
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Wu Y, Yu B, Ai X, Zhang W, Chen W, Laurence A, Zhang M, Chen Q, Shao Y, Zhang B. TIF1γ and SMAD4 regulation in colorectal cancer: impact on cell proliferation and liver metastasis. Biol Chem 2024; 405:241-256. [PMID: 38270141 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ) and SMAD4 on the proliferation and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through knockdown of TIF1γ and/or SMAD4 and knockdown of TIF1γ and/or restoration of SMAD4 expression. Furthermore, we examined TIF1γ and SMAD4 expression in human primary CRC and corresponding liver metastatic CRC specimens. TIF1γ promoted but SMAD4 inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells by competitively binding to activated SMAD2/SMAD3 complexes and then reversely regulating c-Myc, p21, p27, and cyclinA2 levels. Surprisingly, both TIF1γ and SMAD4 reduced the liver metastasis of all studied CRC cell lines via inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway-mediated COX-2, Nm23, uPA, and MMP9 expression. In patients with advanced CRC, reduced TIF1γ or SMAD4 expression was correlated with increased invasion and liver metastasis and was a significant, independent risk factor for recurrence and survival after radical resection. Patients with advanced CRC with reduced TIF1γ or SAMD4 expression had higher recurrence rates and shorter overall survival. TIF1γ and SMAD4 competitively exert contrasting effects on cell proliferation but act complementarily to suppress the liver metastasis of CRC via MEK/ERK pathway inhibition. Thus, reduced TIF1γ or SMAD4 expression in advanced CRC predicts earlier liver metastasis and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xi Ai
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weixun Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Arian Laurence
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yajie Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
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Raut P, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Clinical and Molecular Attributes and Evaluation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188851. [PMID: 36535512 PMCID: PMC9898173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are all considered "Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs)" and show a varying risk of developing into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These lesions display different molecular characteristics, mutations, and clinical manifestations. A lack of detailed understanding of PCN subtype characteristics and their molecular mechanisms limits the development of efficient diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Proper in vivo mouse models that mimic human PCNs are also needed to study the molecular mechanisms and for therapeutic testing. A comprehensive understanding of the current status of PCN biology, mechanisms, current diagnostic methods, and therapies will help in the early detection and proper management of patients with these lesions and PDAC. This review aims to describe all these aspects of PCNs, specifically IPMNs, by describing the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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5
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Chua CG, Low JZ, Lim WY, Manghani M. Characteristics of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis patients in Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2022. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the clinical profile and outcome of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma autoantibody (anti-TIF1-γ Ab)-positive dermatomyositis patients and propose cancer screening programmes based on regional cancer trends.
Method: Data on history, physical findings and investigations were collected using chart review on dermatomyositis patients seen at a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2021. Comparisons were made between anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive and anti-TIF1-γ Ab-negative dermatomyositis.
Results: Ninety-six dermatomyositis patients were analysed and 36 patients were positive for anti-TIF1-γ Ab. Anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive patients had more frequent heliotrope rashes, shawl sign, periungual erythema, holster sign, Gottron’s papules, dysphagia and truncal weakness (P<0.05). They had less frequent interstitial lung disease, polyarthritis, cutaneous ulcers, palmar papules and mechanic’s hands (P<0.05). After 48 months of follow-up, a higher proportion of anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive patients developed cancer compared with Ab-negative patients (63.9% versus 8.5%; odds ratio 19.1, 95% confidence interval 6.1–59.8; P<0.001). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and breast cancer were the most common malignancies, followed by bowel, lung and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most malignancies (78.3%) occurred within 13 months prior to, or 4 months after the onset of dermatomyositis. The mortality rate for anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive patients was significantly higher than Ab-negative patients (36.1% vs 16.7%, P=0.031), and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 24 months were 66% and 89%, respectively (P=0.0153).
Conclusion: These observational data support periodic screening of NPC and other malignancies in patients with anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive dermatomyositis in Singapore.
Keywords: Autoantibody, cancer, dermatomyositis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma
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6
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Tan M, Chang Y, Liu X, Li H, Tang Z, Nyati MK, Sun Y. The Sag-Shoc2 axis regulates conversion of mPanINs to cystic lesions in Kras pancreatic tumor model. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111837. [PMID: 36543126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SAG/RBX2 is an E3 ligase, whereas SHOC2 is a RAS-RAF positive regulator. In this study, we address how Sag-Shoc2 crosstalk regulates pancreatic tumorigenesis induced by KrasG12D. Sag deletion increases the size of pancreas and causes the conversion of murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (mPanINs) to neoplastic cystic lesions with a mechanism involving Shoc2 accumulation, suggesting that Sag determines the pathological process via targeting Shoc2. Shoc2 deletion significantly inhibits pancreas growth, mPanIN formation, and acinar cell transdifferentiation, indicating that Shoc2 is essential for KrasG12D-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis. Likewise, in a primary acinar 3D culture, Sag deletion inhibits acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation, while Shoc2 deletion significantly reduces the duct-like structures. Mechanistically, SAG is an E3 ligase that targets SHOC2 for degradation to affect both Mapk and mTorc1 pathways. Shoc2 deletion completely rescues the phenotype of neoplastic cystic lesions induced by Sag deletion, indicating physiological relevance of the Sag-Shoc2 crosstalk. Thus, the Sag-Shoc2 axis specifies the pancreatic tumor types induced by KrasG12D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCRC, Building 520, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCRC, Building 520, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCRC, Building 520, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCRC, Building 520, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Zaiming Tang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Mukesh K Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCRC, Building 520, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310029, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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7
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Chen M, Lingadahalli S, Narwade N, Lei KMK, Liu S, Zhao Z, Zheng Y, Lu Q, Tang AHN, Poon TCW, Cheung E. TRIM33 drives prostate tumor growth by stabilizing androgen receptor from Skp2-mediated degradation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53468. [PMID: 35785414 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a master transcription factor that drives prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Alterations in the expression or activity of AR coregulators significantly impact the outcome of the disease. Using a proteomics approach, we identified the tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33) as a novel transcriptional coactivator of AR. We demonstrate that TRIM33 facilitates AR chromatin binding to directly regulate a transcription program that promotes PCa progression. TRIM33 further stabilizes AR by protecting it from Skp2-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. We also show that TRIM33 is essential for PCa tumor growth by avoiding cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, and TRIM33 knockdown sensitizes PCa cells to AR antagonists. In clinical analyses, we find TRIM33 upregulated in multiple PCa patient cohorts. Finally, we uncover an AR-TRIM33-coactivated gene signature highly expressed in PCa tumors and predict disease recurrence. Overall, our results reveal that TRIM33 is an oncogenic AR coactivator in PCa and a potential therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Chen
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Shreyas Lingadahalli
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Nitin Narwade
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Kate Man Kei Lei
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Pilot Laboratory, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | | | - Zuxianglan Zhao
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Yimin Zheng
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Qian Lu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Terence Chuen Wai Poon
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Pilot Laboratory, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
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Shah K, Kazi JU. Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of WNT/Beta-Catenin Signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858782. [PMID: 35359365 PMCID: PMC8964056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling is a highly complex pathway that plays diverse roles in various cellular processes. While WNT ligands usually signal through their dedicated Frizzled receptors, the decision to signal in a β-catenin-dependent or -independent manner rests upon the type of co-receptors used. Canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-dependent, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-independent according to the classical definition. This still holds true, albeit with some added complexity, as both the pathways seem to cross-talk with intertwined networks that involve the use of different ligands, receptors, and co-receptors. β-catenin can be directly phosphorylated by various kinases governing its participation in either canonical or non-canonical pathways. Moreover, the co-activators that associate with β-catenin determine the output of the pathway in terms of induction of genes promoting proliferation or differentiation. In this review, we provide an overview of how protein phosphorylation controls WNT/β-catenin signaling, particularly in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Shah
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Julhash U. Kazi,
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Li J, Wei T, Zhang J, Liang T. Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Review of Their Genetic Characteristics and Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215296. [PMID: 34771461 PMCID: PMC8582516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with the lowest survival rate. Little progress has been achieved in prolonging the survival for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hence, special attention should be paid to pre-cancerous lesions, for instance, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Here, we reviewed its genetic characteristics and the mouse models involving mutations in specific pathways, and updated our current perception of how this lesion develops into a precursor of invasive cancer. Abstract The intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is attracting research attention because of its increasing incidence and proven potential to progress into invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this review, we summarized the key signaling pathways or protein complexes (GPCR, TGF, SWI/SNF, WNT, and PI3K) that appear to be involved in IPMN pathogenesis. In addition, we collected information regarding all the genetic mouse models that mimic the human IPMN phenotype with specific immunohistochemistry techniques. The mouse models enable us to gain insight into the complex mechanism of the origin of IPMN, revealing that it can be developed from both acinar cells and duct cells according to different models. Furthermore, recent genomic studies describe the potential mechanism by which heterogeneous IPMN gives rise to malignant carcinoma through sequential, branch-off, or de novo approaches. The most intractable problem is that the risk of malignancy persists to some extent even if the primary IPMN is excised with a perfect margin, calling for the re-evaluation and improvement of diagnostic, pre-emptive, and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-87236688
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Sabbadini F, Bertolini M, De Matteis S, Mangiameli D, Contarelli S, Pietrobono S, Melisi D. The Multifaceted Role of TGF-β in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163960. [PMID: 34439114 PMCID: PMC8391793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transforming growth factor β signaling pathway elicits a broad range of physiological re-sponses, and its misregulation has been related to cancer. The secreted cytokine TGFβ exerts a tumor-suppressive effect that counteracts malignant transformation. However, once tumor has developed, TGFβ can support tumor progression regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis, stimulating fibrosis, angiogenesis and immune suppression. Here we review the dichotomous role of TGF-β in the progression of gastrointestinal tumors, as well as its intricate crosstalk with other signaling pathways. We also discuss about the therapeutic strate-gies that are currently explored in clinical trials to counteract TGF-β functions. Abstract Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that signals via serine/threonine kinase receptors and SMAD effectors. Although TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of tumorigenesis, it supports tumor progression in advanced stages. Indeed, TGF-β can modulate the tumor microenvironment by modifying the extracellular matrix and by sustaining a paracrine interaction between neighboring cells. Due to its critical role in cancer development and progression, a wide range of molecules targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway are currently under active clinical development in different diseases. Here, we focused on the role of TGF-β in modulating different pathological processes with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabbadini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Monica Bertolini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, AlmaMater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Mangiameli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (S.P.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Boyson SP, Gao C, Quinn K, Boyd J, Paculova H, Frietze S, Glass KC. Functional Roles of Bromodomain Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3606. [PMID: 34298819 PMCID: PMC8303718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is generally associated with an open chromatin configuration that facilitates many cellular processes including gene transcription, DNA repair, and DNA replication. Aberrant levels of histone lysine acetylation are associated with the development of cancer. Bromodomains represent a family of structurally well-characterized effector domains that recognize acetylated lysines in chromatin. As part of their fundamental reader activity, bromodomain-containing proteins play versatile roles in epigenetic regulation, and additional functional modules are often present in the same protein, or through the assembly of larger enzymatic complexes. Dysregulated gene expression, chromosomal translocations, and/or mutations in bromodomain-containing proteins have been correlated with poor patient outcomes in cancer. Thus, bromodomains have emerged as a highly tractable class of epigenetic targets due to their well-defined structural domains, and the increasing ease of designing or screening for molecules that modulate the reading process. Recent developments in pharmacological agents that target specific bromodomains has helped to understand the diverse mechanisms that bromodomains play with their interaction partners in a variety of chromatin processes, and provide the promise of applying bromodomain inhibitors into the clinical field of cancer treatment. In this review, we explore the expression and protein interactome profiles of bromodomain-containing proteins and discuss them in terms of functional groups. Furthermore, we highlight our current understanding of the roles of bromodomain-containing proteins in cancer, as well as emerging strategies to specifically target bromodomains, including combination therapies using bromodomain inhibitors alongside traditional therapeutic approaches designed to re-program tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Boyson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Joseph Boyd
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Hana Paculova
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.G.); (J.B.); (H.P.)
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Karen C. Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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12
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Schipper J, Westerhuis JJ, Beddows I, Madaj Z, Monsma D, Hostetter G, Kiupel M, Conejo-Garcia JR, Sempere LF. Loss of microRNA-21 leads to profound stromal remodeling and short survival in K-Ras-driven mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2265-2278. [PMID: 32388866 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of pancreatic cancer adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly desmoplastic with distinct tumor-restraining and tumor-promoting fibroblast subpopulations. Re-education rather than indiscriminate elimination of these fibroblasts has emerged as a new strategy for combination therapy. Here, we studied the effects of global loss of profibrotic noncoding regulatory microRNA-21 (miR-21) in K-Ras-driven p53-deleted genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC. Strikingly, loss of miR-21 accelerated tumor initiation via mucinous cystic neoplastic lesions and progression to locally advanced invasive carcinoma from which animals precipitously succumbed at an early age. The absence of tumor-restraining myofibroblasts and a massive infiltrate of immune cells were salient phenotypic features of global miR-21 loss. Stromal miR-21 activity was required for induction of tumor-restraining myofibroblasts in in vivo isograft transplantation experiments. Low miR-21 expression negatively correlated with a fibroblast gene expression signature and positively with an immune cell gene expression signature in The Cancer Genome Atlas PDAC data set (n = 156) mirroring findings in the mouse models. Our results exposed an overall tumor-suppressive function of miR-21 in in vivo PDAC models. These results have important clinical implications for anti-miR-21-based inhibitory therapeutic approaches under consideration for PDAC and other cancer types. Mechanistic dissection of the cell-intrinsic role of miR-21 in cancer-associated fibroblasts and other cell types will be needed to inform best strategies for pharmacological modulation of miR-21 activity to remodel the tumor microenvironment and enhance treatment response in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Schipper
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ian Beddows
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Zach Madaj
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - David Monsma
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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13
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TRIM33 Overexpression Inhibits the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma In Vivo and In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8409239. [PMID: 32908919 PMCID: PMC7468622 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8409239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the expression of tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33) in ccRCC tissues and explore the biological effect of TRIM33 on the progress of ccRCC. Method The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to examine the mRNA expression levels of TRIM33 in ccRCC tissues and its clinical relevance. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate its expression in ccRCC tissues obtained from our hospital. The correlation between TRIM33 expression and clinicopathological features of the patients was also investigated. The effects of TRIM33 on the proliferation of ccRCC cells were examined using the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The effects of TRIM33 on the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells were explored through wound healing and transwell assays, along with the use of Wnt signaling pathway agonists in rescue experiments. Western blotting was used to explore the potential mechanism of TRIM33 in renal cancer cells. A xenograft model was used to explore the effect of TRIM33 on tumor growth. Result Bioinformatics analysis showed that TRIM33 mRNA expression in ccRCC tissues was downregulated, and low TRIM33 expression was related to poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. In agreement with this, low TRIM33 expression was detected in human ccRCC tissues. TRIM33 expression levels were correlated with clinical characteristics, including tumor size and Furman's grade. Furthermore, TRIM33 overexpression inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of 786-O and ACHN cell lines. The rescue experiment showed that the originally inhibited migration and invasion capabilities were restored. TRIM33 overexpression reduced the expression levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-myc, and inhibited tumor growth in ccRCC cells in vivo. Conclusion TRIM33 exhibits an abnormally low expression in human ccRCC tissues. TRIM33 may serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for ccRCC.
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14
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TIF1 Proteins in Genome Stability and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082094. [PMID: 32731534 PMCID: PMC7463590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer cells which results in excessive DNA damage. To counteract this, cells have evolved a tightly regulated DNA damage response (DDR) to rapidly sense DNA damage and promote its repair whilst halting cell cycle progression. The DDR functions predominantly within the context of chromatin and requires the action of chromatin-binding proteins to coordinate the appropriate response. TRIM24, TRIM28, TRIM33 and TRIM66 make up the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family of chromatin-binding proteins, a subfamily of the large tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases. All four TIF1 proteins are aberrantly expressed across numerous cancer types, and increasing evidence suggests that TIF1 family members can function to maintain genome stability by mediating chromatin-based responses to DNA damage. This review provides an overview of the TIF1 family in cancer, focusing on their roles in DNA repair, chromatin regulation and cell cycle regulation.
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15
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De Vooght J, Vulsteke JB, De Haes P, Bossuyt X, Lories R, De Langhe E. Anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies: warning lights of a tumour autoantigen. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:469-477. [PMID: 31883334 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1)-γ autoantibodies are robustly linked with cancer-associated DM in adults. This review aims to give an overview of the physiological context of TIF1-γ and to determine whether there is a pathophysiological link between anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies and the occurrence of cancer. Detection of anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies has a high sensitivity and specificity for cancer-associated DM in adults and is therefore useful for both diagnosis and cancer risk stratification. The function of the autoantigen, TIF1-γ, may provide insight into the mechanism behind this association. TIF1-γ is a ubiquitously present protein involved in various biological pathways, including TGF-β signalling. In cancer, it can act either as a tumour suppressor or promoter, depending on the cellular context and cancer stage. Evolving data provide pathophysiological insights, linking anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies to both the anti-tumour response and to muscle and skin damage. TIF1-γ expression is increased in muscle and skin tissue of patients with DM. Mutations or loss-of-heterozygosity in TIF1-γ alleles in malignant tissue may result in the expression of tumour-specific neo-antigens stimulating autoantibody production. The newly formed autoantibodies are hypothesized to cross-react with antigens in muscle and skin, driving the development of DM. Based on the current evidence, anti-TIF1-γ autoantibodies should be considered warning lights of a potential tumour autoantigen and should alert the physician to the possibility of an underlying cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Vulsteke
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra De Haes
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU, Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Collet L, Ghurburrun E, Meyers N, Assi M, Pirlot B, Leclercq IA, Couvelard A, Komuta M, Cros J, Demetter P, Lemaigre FP, Borbath I, Jacquemin P. Kras and Lkb1 mutations synergistically induce intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm derived from pancreatic duct cells. Gut 2020; 69:704-714. [PMID: 31154393 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer can arise from precursor lesions called intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), which are characterised by cysts containing papillae and mucus-producing cells. The high frequency of KRAS mutations in IPMN and histological analyses suggest that oncogenic KRAS drives IPMN development from pancreatic duct cells. However, induction of Kras mutation in ductal cells is not sufficient to generate IPMN, and formal proof of a ductal origin of IPMN is still missing. Here we explore whether combining oncogenic KrasG12D mutation with an additional gene mutation known to occur in human IPMN can induce IPMN from pancreatic duct cells. DESIGN We created and phenotyped mouse models in which mutations in Kras and in the tumour suppressor gene liver kinase B1 (Lkb1/Stk11) are conditionally induced in pancreatic ducts using Cre-mediated gene recombination. We also tested the effect of β-catenin inhibition during formation of the lesions. RESULTS Activating KrasG12D mutation and Lkb1 inactivation synergised to induce IPMN, mainly of gastric type and with malignant potential. The mouse lesions shared several features with human IPMN. Time course analysis suggested that IPMN developed from intraductal papillae and glandular neoplasms, which both derived from the epithelium lining large pancreatic ducts. β-catenin was required for the development of glandular neoplasms and subsequent development of the mucinous cells in IPMN. Instead, the lack of β-catenin did not impede formation of intraductal papillae and their progression to papillary lesions in IPMN. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates that IPMN can result from synergy between KrasG12D mutation and inactivation of a tumour suppressor gene. The ductal epithelium can give rise to glandular neoplasms and papillary lesions, which probably both contribute to IPMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Collet
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elsa Ghurburrun
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nora Meyers
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamad Assi
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Pirlot
- Université catholique de Louvain, IREC, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Couvelard
- Université Paris Diderot, U1149, Paris, France.,Hôpital Bichat, Department of Pathology, AP-HP, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - Mina Komuta
- Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques universitaires Saint- Luc, Department of Pathology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Hôpital Beaujon, Department of Pathology, INSERM U1149, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Erasme University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ivan Borbath
- Université catholique de Louvain, IREC, Brussels, Belgium.,Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Jacquemin
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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The cancer immunotherapy environment may confound the utility of anti-TIF-1γ in differentiating between paraneoplastic and treatment-related dermatomyositis. Report of a case and review of the literature. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2020; 24:75-78. [PMID: 32514241 PMCID: PMC7265958 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2020.94727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of immunotherapy and with the expanding spectrum of malignancies treated with immunomodulatory agents, a new kind of adverse events has come under the spotlight. Clinicians have to be aware of immune-related adverse events and their clinical manifestations. Immunotherapy has been strongly associated with endocrinopathies, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cutaneous, and renal toxicities but the incidence of rheumatologic adverse events is lower compared to the aforementioned systems. Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune myopathy which has been correlated to underlying evident or occult malignancies. Apart from its characteristic symptoms and signs, the presence of specific antibodies such as anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ (anti-TIF 1γ) usually supports the diagnosis of paraneoplastic nature of the disease. However, a solid distinction between paraneoplastic syndrome and immune-related adverse event is still missing and remains to be elucidated. We here present a case of dermatomyositis in a male patient who underwent four cycles of combined ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of dermatomyositis following combined immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.
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18
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Cardot-Ruffino V, Chauvet V, Caligaris C, Bertrand-Chapel A, Chuvin N, Pommier RM, Valcourt U, Vincent D, Martel S, Aires S, Kaniewski B, Dubus P, Cassier P, Sentis S, Bartholin L. Generation of an Fsp1 (fibroblast-specific protein 1)-Flpo transgenic mouse strain. Genesis 2020; 58:e23359. [PMID: 32191380 PMCID: PMC7317532 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recombination systems represent a major breakthrough in the field of genetic model engineering. The Flp recombinases (Flp, Flpe, and Flpo) bind and cleave DNA Frt sites. We created a transgenic mouse strain ([Fsp1‐Flpo]) expressing the Flpo recombinase in fibroblasts. This strain was obtained by random insertion inside mouse zygotes after pronuclear injection. Flpo expression was placed under the control of the promoter of Fsp1 (fibroblast‐specific protein 1) gene, whose expression starts after gastrulation at Day 8.5 in cells of mesenchymal origin. We verified the correct expression and function of the Flpo enzyme by several ex vivo and in vivo approaches. The [Fsp1‐Flpo] strain represents a genuine tool to further target the recombination of transgenes with Frt sites specifically in cells of mesenchymal origin or with a fibroblastic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Chauvet
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Cassandre Caligaris
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Adrien Bertrand-Chapel
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Chuvin
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ulrich Valcourt
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Vincent
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sylvie Martel
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Aires
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Kaniewski
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- INSERM, Univ Bordeaux UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Cassier
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Departement d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Sentis
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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19
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Generation of a conditional Flpo/FRT mouse model expressing constitutively active TGFβ in fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3880. [PMID: 32127548 PMCID: PMC7054254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGFβ) is a secreted factor, which accumulates in tissues during many physio- and pathological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, fibrosis and cancer. In order to analyze the effects of increased microenvironmental TGFβ concentration in vivo, we developed a conditional transgenic mouse model (Flpo/Frt system) expressing bioactive TGFβ in fibroblasts, a cell population present in the microenvironment of almost all tissues. To achieve this, we created the genetically-engineered [Fsp1-Flpo; FSFTGFβCA] mouse model. The Fsp1-Flpo allele consists in the Flpo recombinase under the control of the Fsp1 (fibroblast-specific promoter 1) promoter. The FSFTGFβCA allele consists in a transgene encoding a constitutively active mutant form of TGFβ (TGFβCA) under the control of a Frt-STOP-Frt (FSF) cassette. The FSFTGFβCA allele was created to generate this model, and functionally validated by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques. [Fsp1-Flpo; FSFTGFβCA] animals do not present any obvious phenotype despite the correct expression of TGFβCA transgene in fibroblasts. This [Fsp1-Flpo; FSFTGFβCA] model is highly pertinent for future studies on the effect of increased microenvironmental bioactive TGFβ concentrations in mice bearing Cre-dependent genetic alterations in other compartments (epithelial or immune compartments for instance). These dual recombinase system (DRS) approaches will enable scientists to study uncoupled spatiotemporal regulation of different genetic alterations within the same mouse, thus better replicating the complexity of human diseases.
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Design and Construction of a Focused DNA-Encoded Library for Multivalent Chromatin Reader Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040979. [PMID: 32098353 PMCID: PMC7070942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure and function, and consequently cellular phenotype, is regulated in part by a network of chromatin-modifying enzymes that place post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone tails. These marks serve as recruitment sites for other chromatin regulatory complexes that ‘read’ these PTMs. High-quality chemical probes that can block reader functions of proteins involved in chromatin regulation are important tools to improve our understanding of pathways involved in chromatin dynamics. Insight into the intricate system of chromatin PTMs and their context within the epigenome is also therapeutically important as misregulation of this complex system is implicated in numerous human diseases. Using computational methods, along with structure-based knowledge, we have designed and constructed a focused DNA-Encoded Library (DEL) containing approximately 60,000 compounds targeting bi-valent methyl-lysine (Kme) reader domains. Additionally, we have constructed DNA-barcoded control compounds to allow optimization of selection conditions using a model Kme reader domain. We anticipate that this target-class focused approach will serve as a new method for rapid discovery of inhibitors for multivalent chromatin reader domains.
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Yu C, Ding Z, Liang H, Zhang B, Chen X. The Roles of TIF1γ in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:979. [PMID: 31632911 PMCID: PMC6783507 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1γ), also known as TRIM33, RFG7, PTC7, or Ectodermin, is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase family member with a ring-box-coiled-coil region. It can regulate TGF-β/Smad signaling in two different ways in different cellular contexts. On one hand, TIF1γ can monoubiquitinate Smad4 to inhibit the formation of Smad2/3/4 nuclear complexes. On the other hand, TIF1γ can function as a cofactor of phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3, competing with Smad4 to inhibit the formation of the Smad2/3/4 complex. In addition, TIF1γ has been reported to play a role in transcription elongation, cellular differentiation, embryonic development, and mitosis. As transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer, and TIF1γ was reported to be involved in the regulation of TGF-β superfamily signaling, studies on TIF1γ during the last decade have focused on its role in the development of cancer. However, TIF1γ can function either as a tumor suppressor or promoter in different cellular contexts, yet there are few reviews focusing on the roles of TIF1γ in cancer. Hence, in this paper we systematically review and discuss the roles of TIF1γ in cancer. Firstly, we review the biological features, the regulatory mechanisms and the related signaling pathways of TIF1γ. Next, we illustrate the roles of TIF1γ in different tumors. We then provide a tentative hypothesis that explains the dual roles of TIF1 γ in cancer. Finally, we provide our viewpoint regarding the future developments of cancer research focusing on TIF1γ, especially in relation to the effects of TIF1γ on tumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Cai F, Cai L, Zhou Z, Pan X, Wang M, Chen S, Luis MAF, Cen C, Biskup E. Prognostic role of Tif1γ expression and circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3685-3695. [PMID: 30896800 PMCID: PMC6470918 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription intermediary factor 1γ (Tif1γ), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, is a regulator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling. Tif1γ can function as an oncogene and as a tumor suppressor. In the present study, Tif1γ levels were measured in the plasma of patients with breast cancer in order to investigate the association of Tif1γ with overall survival (OS). The results indicated that Tif1γ is an independent prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer, and thus, a promising target protein for use in diagnostics and patient follow-up. Plasma levels of Tif1γ were measured in samples obtained from 110 patients with operable breast cancer and in 110 healthy volunteers at the Breast Cancer Department of Yangpu Hospital between 2008 and 2016. The association between Tif1γ levels and clinicopathologic parameters, and the OS in a follow-up period of 98 months was evaluated. The prognostic significance was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The levels of Tif1γ were significantly lower in patients with breast cancer compared with healthy controls. The average concentration of 18.40 ng/ml was used to discriminate between Tif1γ-positive (52) and Tif1γ-negative patients (58). Tif1γ-positive patients had a significantly improved OS compared with Tif1γ-negative patients. In the multivariate analysis, Tif1γ was an independent predictor of a favorable OS in a prospective follow-up setting; thus, Tif1γ plasma levels are an independent prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. These findings support the potential of using measurements of Tif1γ plasma levels to guide breast cancer therapy and monitoring. Further studies are required to validate Tif1γ as an easily detectable, non-invasive prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Zhuchao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Minghong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Manuel Antonio Falar Luis
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Cen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Ewelina Biskup
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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23
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Ali H, Mano M, Braga L, Naseem A, Marini B, Vu DM, Collesi C, Meroni G, Lusic M, Giacca M. Cellular TRIM33 restrains HIV-1 infection by targeting viral integrase for proteasomal degradation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:926. [PMID: 30804369 PMCID: PMC6389893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Productive HIV-1 replication requires viral integrase (IN), which catalyzes integration of the viral genome into the host cell DNA. IN, however, is short lived and is rapidly degraded by the host ubiquitin-proteasome system. To identify the cellular factors responsible for HIV-1 IN degradation, we performed a targeted RNAi screen using a library of siRNAs against all components of the ubiquitin-conjugation machinery using high-content microscopy. Here we report that the E3 RING ligase TRIM33 is a major determinant of HIV-1 IN stability. CD4-positive cells with TRIM33 knock down show increased HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA formation, while those overexpressing the factor display opposite effects. Knock down of TRIM33 reverts the phenotype of an HIV-1 molecular clone carrying substitution of IN serine 57 to alanine, a mutation known to impair viral DNA integration. Thus, TRIM33 acts as a cellular factor restricting HIV-1 infection by preventing provirus formation. HIV-1 integration into host DNA is mediated by the viral integrase (IN). Here, using siRNA screen and high-content microscopy, the authors identify the host E3 RING ligase TRIM33 to affect IN stability and show that TRIM33 prevents viral integration by triggering IN proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ali
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK
| | - Miguel Mano
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Luca Braga
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Marini
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Ulisse BioMed S.r.l., AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Diem My Vu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Lusic
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,University Hospital Heidelberg and German Center for Infection Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK. .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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24
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Lee HJ. The Role of Tripartite Motif Family Proteins in TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:162-169. [PMID: 30671398 PMCID: PMC6330992 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.4.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling plays a tumor suppressive role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes tumor progression during the late stages of tumor development. The TGF-β signaling pathway is tightly regulated at various levels, including transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Ubiquitination of signaling components, such as receptors and Smad proteins is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β signaling. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Recent emerging studies have shown that some TRIM family proteins function as important regulators in tumor initiation and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of TRIM family proteins regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway with relevance to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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25
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Wang L, Tong X, Zhou Z, Wang S, Lei Z, Zhang T, Liu Z, Zeng Y, Li C, Zhao J, Su Z, Zhang C, Liu X, Xu G, Zhang HT. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:140. [PMID: 30261900 PMCID: PMC6161470 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β promotes tumor invasion and metastasis through inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recognized as functional non-coding RNAs involved in human cancers. However, whether and how circRNAs contribute to TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis in NSCLC remain vague. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) in TGF-β-induced EMT and tumor metastasis, as well as a link between circPTK2 and transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1γ) in NSCLC. METHODS Circular RNAs were determined by human circRNA Array analysis, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and northern blot. Luciferase reporter, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were employed to test the interaction between circPTK2 and miR-429/miR-200b-3p. Ectopic overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of circPTK2, TGF-β-induced EMT, Transwell migration and invasion in vitro, and in vivo experiment of metastasis were used to evaluate the function of circPTK2. Transcription and prognosis analyses were done in public databases. RESULTS CircPTK2 and TIF1γ were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC cells undergoing EMT induced by TGF-β. CircPTK2 overexpression augmented TIF1γ expression, inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion, whereas circPTK2 knockdown had the opposite effects. CircPTK2 functions as a sponge of miR-429/miR-200b-3p, and miR-429/miR-200b-3p promote TGF-β-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion by targeting TIF1γ. CircPTK2 overexpression inhibited the invasion-promoting phenotype of endogenous miR-429/miR-200b-3p in NSCLC cells in response to TGF-β. CircPTK2 overexpression significantly decreased the expression of Snail, an important downstream transcriptional activator of TGF-β/Smad signaling. In an in vivo experiment of metastasis, circPTK2 overexpression suppressed NSCLC cell metastasis. Moreover, circPTK2 expression was dramatically down-regulated and positively correlated with TIF1γ expression in human NSCLC tissues. Especially, circPTK2 was significantly lower in metastatic NSCLC tissues than non-metastatic counterparts. CONCLUSION Our findings show that circPTK2 (hsa_circ_0008305) inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in NSCLC, revealing a novel mechanism by which circRNA regulates TGF-β-induced EMT and tumor metastasis, and suggesting that circPTK2 overexpression could provide a therapeutic strategy for advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Xin Tong
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000 China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhiyue Su
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Xia Liu
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Guangquan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu China
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Kopp JL, Dubois CL, Schaeffer DF, Samani A, Taghizadeh F, Cowan RW, Rhim AD, Stiles BL, Valasek M, Sander M. Loss of Pten and Activation of Kras Synergistically Induce Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasia From Pancreatic Ductal Cells in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1509-1523.e5. [PMID: 29273451 PMCID: PMC5880733 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasias (IPMNs) are precancerous cystic lesions that can develop into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). These large macroscopic lesions are frequently detected during medical imaging, but it is unclear how they form or progress to PDAC. We aimed to identify cells that form IPMNs and mutations that promote IPMN development and progression. METHODS We generated mice with disruption of Pten specifically in ductal cells (Sox9CreERT2;Ptenflox/flox;R26RYFP or PtenΔDuct/ΔDuct mice) and used PtenΔDuct/+ and Pten+/+ mice as controls. We also generated KrasG12D;PtenΔDuct/ΔDuct and KrasG12D;PtenΔDuct/+ mice. Pancreata were collected when mice were 28 weeks to 14.5 months old and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. We performed multiplexed droplet digital polymerase chain reaction to detect spontaneous Kras mutations in PtenΔDuct/ΔDuct mice and study the effects of Ras pathway activation on initiation and progression of IPMNs. We obtained 2 pancreatic sections from a patient with an invasive pancreatobiliary IPMN and analyzed the regions with and without the invasive IPMN (control tissue) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mice with ductal cell-specific disruption of Pten but not control mice developed sporadic, macroscopic, intraductal papillary lesions with histologic and molecular features of human IPMNs. PtenΔDuct/ΔDuct mice developed IPMNs of several subtypes. In PtenΔDuct/ΔDuct mice, 31.5% of IPMNs became invasive; invasion was associated with spontaneous mutations in Kras. KrasG12D;PtenΔDuct/ΔDuct mice all developed invasive IPMNs within 1 month. In KrasG12D;PtenΔDuct/+ mice, 70% developed IPMN, predominately of the pancreatobiliary subtype, and 63.3% developed PDAC. In all models, IPMNs and PDAC expressed the duct-specific lineage tracing marker yellow fluorescent protein. In immunohistochemical analyses, we found that the invasive human pancreatobiliary IPMN tissue had lower levels of PTEN and increased levels of phosphorylated (activated) ERK compared with healthy pancreatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS In analyses of mice with ductal cell-specific disruption of Pten, with or without activated Kras, we found evidence for a ductal cell origin of IPMNs. We also showed that PTEN loss and activated Kras have synergistic effects in promoting development of IPMN and progression to PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel L. Kopp
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | - Claire L. Dubois
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695
| | - David F. Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory and Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Atefeh Samani
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | - Farnaz Taghizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3
| | - Robert W. Cowan
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew D. Rhim
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Mark Valasek
- Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Lysyl oxidase family activity promotes resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to chemotherapy by limiting the intratumoral anticancer drug distribution. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32100-12. [PMID: 27050073 PMCID: PMC5078000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors often display chemotherapy resistance. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the archetype of resistant tumors as current chemotherapies are inefficient. The tumor stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM) are key contributors to PDAC aggressiveness and to limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members mediate collagen cross-linking and thus promote ECM stiffening. Our data demonstrate increased LOX, LOXL1, and LOXL2 expression in PDAC, and that the level of fibrillar collagen, which is directly dependent of LOX family activity, is an independent predictive biomarker of adjuvant “Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy” benefit. Experimentally in mice, increased LOX family activity through LOXL2 promotes chemoresistance. This effect of LOX family activity seems to be due to decreased gemcitabine intra-tumoral diffusion. This observation might be explained by increased fibrillar collagen and decreased vessel size observed in tumors with increased LOX family activity. In conclusion, our data support that LOX family activity is both a novel target to improve chemotherapy as well as a novel biomarker to predict gemcitabine benefit in PDAC. Beyond the PDAC, it is possible that targeting LOX family activity might improve efficacy of chemotherapies against different kinds of solid tumors.
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28
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Chuvin N, Vincent DF, Pommier RM, Alcaraz LB, Gout J, Caligaris C, Yacoub K, Cardot V, Roger E, Kaniewski B, Martel S, Cintas C, Goddard-Léon S, Colombe A, Valantin J, Gadot N, Servoz E, Morton J, Goddard I, Couvelard A, Rebours V, Guillermet J, Sansom OJ, Treilleux I, Valcourt U, Sentis S, Dubus P, Bartholin L. Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia Induced by Transforming Growth Factor Beta Facilitates KRAS G12D-driven Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:263-282. [PMID: 28752115 PMCID: PMC5524227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) acts either as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene, depending on the cellular context and time of activation. TGFβ activates the canonical SMAD pathway through its interaction with the serine/threonine kinase type I and II heterotetrameric receptors. Previous studies investigating TGFβ-mediated signaling in the pancreas relied either on loss-of-function approaches or on ligand overexpression, and its effects on acinar cells have so far remained elusive. METHODS We developed a transgenic mouse model allowing tamoxifen-inducible and Cre-mediated conditional activation of a constitutively active type I TGFβ receptor (TβRICA) in the pancreatic acinar compartment. RESULTS We observed that TβRICA expression induced acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) reprogramming, eventually facilitating the onset of KRASG12D-induced pre-cancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. This phenotype was characterized by the cellular activation of apoptosis and dedifferentiation, two hallmarks of ADM, whereas at the molecular level, we evidenced a modulation in the expression of transcription factors such as Hnf1β, Sox9, and Hes1. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that TGFβ pathway activation plays a crucial role in pancreatic tumor initiation through its capacity to induce ADM, providing a favorable environment for KRASG12D-dependent carcinogenesis. Such findings are highly relevant for the development of early detection markers and of potentially novel treatments for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chuvin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - David F. Vincent
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roxane M. Pommier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Lindsay B. Alcaraz
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Johann Gout
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Cassandre Caligaris
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Karam Yacoub
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Victoire Cardot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Roger
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Kaniewski
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Martel
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Celia Cintas
- Inserm U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Goddard-Léon
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Colombe
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Julie Valantin
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie Recherche, Département de Recherche Translationnelle et de l’Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie Recherche, Département de Recherche Translationnelle et de l’Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Servoz
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle et de l’Innovation, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire des Modèles Tumoraux (LMT) Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Goddard
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle et de l’Innovation, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon Centre Léon Bérard, Laboratoire des Modèles Tumoraux (LMT) Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Couvelard
- Inserm U1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
- AP-HP, DHU UNITY, Hôpital Bichat, Département de Pathologie Beaujon-Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology Unit, DHU UNITY, Beaujon Hospital, APHP; Inserm - UMR 1149, University Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Julie Guillermet
- Inserm U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie Recherche, Département de Recherche Translationnelle et de l’Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ulrich Valcourt
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Sentis
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- Université Bordeaux, Inserm U1053, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
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Aussy A, Boyer O, Cordel N. Dermatomyositis and Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies: A Window on Autoimmunity and Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:992. [PMID: 28871260 PMCID: PMC5566616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune myopathies (myositides) are strongly associated with malignancy. The link between myositis and cancer, originally noticed by Bohan and Peter in their classification in 1975 (1), has been evidenced by large population-based cohort studies and a recent meta-analysis. The numerous reports of cases in which the clinical course of myositis reflects that of cancer and the short delay between myositis and cancer onset support the notion that myositis may be an authentic paraneoplastic disorder. Thus, cancer-associated myositis raises the question of cancer as a cause rather than a consequence of autoimmunity. Among myositides, dermatomyositis and more recently, although to a lesser extent, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies are the most documented forms associated with cancer. Interestingly, the current diagnostic approach for myositis is based on the identification of specific antibodies where each antibody determines specific clinical features and outcomes. Recent findings have shown that the autoantibodies anti-TIF1γ, anti-NXP2 and anti-HMGCR are associated with cancers in the course of myositis. Herein, we highlight the fact that the targets of these three autoantibodies involve cellular pathways that intervene in tumor promotion and we discuss the role of cancer mutations as autoimmunity triggers in adult myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Aussy
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Rouen, France
| | - Nadège Cordel
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Rouen, France.,Unit of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
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30
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TGF-β in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression: two sides of the same coin. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:39. [PMID: 28794854 PMCID: PMC5545849 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal malignant tumor with characterised rapid progression, invasiveness and resistance to radiochemotherapy. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a dual role in both pro-tumorigenic and tumor suppressive of pancreatic cancer, depending on tumor stage and microenvironment. TGF-β signaling components alteration are common in pancreatic cancer, and its leading role in tumor formation and metastases has received increased attention. Many therapies have investigated to target TGF-β signaling in the preclinical and clinical setting. In this review, we highlight the dual roles of TGF-β and touch upon the perspectives on therapeutic target of TGF-β signaling in pancreatic cancer.
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31
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Diversity of Precursor Lesions For Pancreatic Cancer: The Genetics and Biology of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e86. [PMID: 28383565 PMCID: PMC5415899 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, is associated with two main types of morphologically distinct precursors—pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Although the progression of PanIN into invasive cancer has been well characterized, there remains an urgent need to understand the biology of IPMNs, which are larger radiographically detectable cystic tumors. IPMNs comprise a number of subtypes with heterogeneous histopathologic and clinical features. Although frequently remaining benign, a significant proportion exhibits malignant progression. Unfortunately, there are presently no accurate prognosticators for assessing cancer risk in individuals with IPMN. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms differentiating PanIN and IPMN remain largely obscure, as do those that distinguish IPMN subtypes. Recent studies, however, have identified distinct genetic profiles between PanIN and IPMN, providing a framework to better understand the diversity of the precursors for PDA. Here, we review the clinical, biological, and genetic properties of IPMN and discuss various models for progression of these tumors to invasive PDA.
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32
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Yamaguchi J, Yokoyama Y, Kokuryo T, Ebata T, Nagino M. Cells of origin of pancreatic neoplasms. Surg Today 2017; 48:9-17. [PMID: 28260136 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignant disease associated with poor prognosis, despite recent medical advances. It is of great importance to understand the initial events and cells of origin of pancreatic cancer to prevent the development and progression of PDAC. There are three distinct precursor lesions that develop into PDAC: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs). Studies on genetically engineered mouse models have revealed that the initiation and development of these lesions largely depend on genetic alterations. These lesions originate from different populations in the pancreas. PanIN development seems to be the result of the transdifferentiation of acinar cells, whereas IPMNs most likely arise from the progenitor niche of the pancreatic ductal epithelium. Pancreatic carcinogenesis is dependent on various events, including gene alterations, environmental insults, and cell types. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the initial processes of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Toshio Kokuryo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
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33
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Satoh M, Tanaka S, Ceribelli A, Calise SJ, Chan EKL. A Comprehensive Overview on Myositis-Specific Antibodies: New and Old Biomarkers in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 52:1-19. [PMID: 26424665 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies specific for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs)) are clinically useful biomarkers to help the diagnosis of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). Many of these are also associated with a unique clinical subset of PM/DM, making them useful in predicting and monitoring certain clinical manifestations. Classic MSAs known for over 30 years include antibodies to Jo-1 (histidyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase) and other aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS), anti-Mi-2, and anti-signal recognition particle (SRP). Anti-Jo-1 is the first autoantibodies to ARS detected in 15-25 % of patients. In addition to anti-Jo-1, antibodies to seven other aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS) have been reported with prevalence, usually 1-5 % or lower. Patients with any anti-ARS antibodies are associated with anti-synthetase syndrome characterized by myositis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and others. Several recent studies suggested heterogeneity in clinical features among different anti-ARS antibody-positive patients and anti-ARS may also be found in idiopathic ILD without myositis. Anti-Mi-2 is a classic marker for DM and associated with good response to steroid treatment and good prognosis. Anti-SRP is specific for PM and associated with treatment-resistant myopathy histologically characterized as necrotizing myopathy. In addition to classic MSAs, several new autoantibodies with strong clinical significance have been described in DM. Antibodies to transcription intermediary factor 1γ/α (TIF1γ/α, p155/140) are frequently found in DM associated with malignancy while anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5; CADM140) are associated with clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) complicated by rapidly progressive ILD. Also, anti-MJ/nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP-2) and anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) activating enzyme (SAE) are recognized as new DM-specific autoantibodies. Addition of these new antibodies to clinical practice in the future will help in making earlier and more accurate diagnoses and better management for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Isei-ga-oka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Department of Human Information and Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via A. Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ahmed S, Bradshaw AD, Gera S, Dewan MZ, Xu R. The TGF-β/Smad4 Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Its Clinical Significance. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010005. [PMID: 28067794 PMCID: PMC5294958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal human cancers due to its complicated genomic instability. PDAC frequently presents at an advanced stage with extensive metastasis, which portends a poor prognosis. The known risk factors associated with PDAC include advanced age, smoking, long-standing chronic pancreatitis, obesity, and diabetes. Its association with genomic and somatic mutations is the most important factor for its aggressiveness. The most common gene mutations associated with PDAC include KRas2, p16, TP53, and Smad4. Among these, Smad4 mutation is relatively specific and its inactivation is found in more than 50% of invasive pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Smad4 is a member of the Smad family of signal transducers and acts as a central mediator of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. The TGF-β signaling pathway promotes many physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, fibrosis, and scar formation. It also plays a major role in the development of tumors through induction of angiogenesis and immune suppression. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanism of TGF-β/Smad4 signaling in the pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its clinical implication, particularly potential as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjida Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Azore-Dee Bradshaw
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Shweta Gera
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - M Zahidunnabi Dewan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ruliang Xu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Trim33/Tif1γ is involved in late stages of granulomonopoiesis in mice. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:727-739.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Loss of TRIM33 causes resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors through MYC- and TGF-β-dependent mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4558-66. [PMID: 27432991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608319113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein inhibitors (BETi) hold great promise as a novel class of cancer therapeutics. Because acquired resistance typically limits durable responses to targeted therapies, it is important to understand mechanisms by which tumor cells adapt to BETi. Here, through pooled shRNA screening of colorectal cancer cells, we identified tripartite motif-containing protein 33 (TRIM33) as a factor promoting sensitivity to BETi. We demonstrate that loss of TRIM33 reprograms cancer cells to a more resistant state through at least two mechanisms. TRIM33 silencing attenuates down-regulation of MYC in response to BETi. Moreover, loss of TRIM33 enhances TGF-β receptor expression and signaling, and blocking TGF-β receptor activity potentiates the antiproliferative effect of BETi. These results describe a mechanism for BETi resistance and suggest that combining inhibition of TGF-β signaling with BET bromodomain inhibition may offer new therapeutic benefits.
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Liu J, Ji S, Liang C, Qin Y, Jin K, Liang D, Xu W, Shi S, Zhang B, Liu L, Liu C, Xu J, Ni Q, Yu X. Critical role of oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4943-9. [PMID: 27121414 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a human malignancy with one of the highest mortality rates and little progress has been achieved in its treatment in recent decades. Further improvement to the understanding of the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is required. Previous studies using genetically engineered mouse models have demonstrated that oncogenic GTPase KRas (KRAS) mutation is involved in the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and promotes the progression of PDAC. However, attempts to target KRAS directly by pharmacological inhibition have been unsuccessful. This has resulted in increased efforts to identify pharmacological targets and nodes associated with the mutated KRAS. The present review discusses the recent progress and prospects of KRAS signaling in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dingkon Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Clinical characteristics of patients with anti-TIF1-γ antibodies. Reumatologia 2016; 54:14-8. [PMID: 27407271 PMCID: PMC4847327 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2016.58756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory myopathies are a group of idiopathic, heterogeneous systemic diseases affecting predominantly skeletal muscles, though they can also involve the skin and internal organs. The association between cancer and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, particularly dermatomyositis, which is termed cancer-associated myositis (CAM), has been reported in the medical literature. A newly described autoantibody to a 155-kDa nuclear protein, identified as transcription intermediary factor 1-gamma (TIF1-γ), has proven useful for cancer screening in patients with dermatomyositis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on our database of laboratory results, between November 2014 and January 2016, we found 80 patients with a positive autoimmune inflammatory myopathy immunoblot profile. RESULTS Eleven of 80 patients revealed the presence of anti-TIF1-γ antibodies: 8 women and 3 men with average age 54.2 years. Dermatomyositis (DM) was diagnosed in 6 cases, polymyositis in 1 case, myositis limited to ocular muscles and rhabdomyolysis in 1 case each, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease in 2 cases. Neoplasm was found in 4 cases. All of those patients had DM. The average time between DM and diagnosis of neoplasm was 7.5 months (from 1 to 18 months). CONCLUSIONS The association between cancer and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, particularly DM, is well known, and cancer screening should be obligatory in such patients. So far there is no consensus as to the method or frequency with which patients with an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy should be tested to rule out neoplasm. Detection of anti-TIF1-γ antibodies in patients with DM gives the clinicians the very important suggestion of CAM. It seems reasonable that these patients should have more detailed and often repeated differential diagnostics.
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Aggarwal R, Oddis CV, Goudeau D, Koontz D, Qi Z, Reed AM, Ascherman DP, Levesque MC. Autoantibody levels in myositis patients correlate with clinical response during B cell depletion with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:991-9. [PMID: 26888854 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the longitudinal trends in serum levels of four myositis-associated autoantibodies: anti-Jo-1, -transcription intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1-γ), -signal recognition particle (SRP) and -Mi-2, after B cell depletion with rituximab, and to determine the longitudinal association of these autoantibody levels with disease activity as measured by myositis core-set measures (CSMs). METHODS Treatment-resistant adult and pediatric myositis subjects (n = 200) received rituximab in the 44-week Rituximab in Myositis Trial. CSMs [muscle enzymes, manual muscle testing (MMT), physician and patient global disease activity, HAQ, and extramuscular disease activity] were evaluated monthly and anti-Jo-1 (n = 28), -TIF1-γ (n = 23), -SRP (n = 25) and -Mi-2 (n = 26) serum levels were measured using validated quantitative ELISAs. Temporal trends and the longitudinal relationship between myositis-associated autoantibodies levels and CSM were estimated using linear mixed models. RESULTS Following rituximab, anti-Jo-1 levels decreased over time (P < 0.001) and strongly correlated with all CSMs (P < 0.008). Anti-TIF1-γ levels also decreased over time (P < 0.001) and were only associated with HAQ, MMT and physician and patient global disease activity. Anti-SRP levels did not change significantly over time, but were significantly associated with serum muscle enzymes. Anti-Mi-2 levels significantly decreased over time and were associated with muscle enzymes, MMT and the physician global score. CONCLUSION Anti-Jo-1, anti-TIF1-γ and anti-Mi-2 levels in myositis subjects decreased after B cell depletion and were correlated with changes in disease activity, whereas anti-SRP levels were only associated with longitudinal muscle enzyme levels. The strong association of anti-Jo-1 levels with clinical outcomes suggests that anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies may be a good biomarker for disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Aggarwal
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,
| | - Chester V Oddis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Danielle Goudeau
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Diane Koontz
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zengbiao Qi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ann M Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC and
| | - Dana P Ascherman
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Miami Department of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marc C Levesque
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Valcourt U, Carthy J, Okita Y, Alcaraz L, Kato M, Thuault S, Bartholin L, Moustakas A. Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor β. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1344:147-81. [PMID: 26520123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2966-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of the cell biological process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been established via an exponentially growing number of reports. EMT has been documented during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression in vitro, in animal models in vivo and in human specimens. EMT relates to many molecular and cellular alterations that occur when epithelial cells undergo a switch in differentiation that generates mesenchymal-like cells with newly acquired migratory and invasive properties. In addition, EMT relates to a nuclear reprogramming similar to the one occurring in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Via such a process, EMT is gradually established to promote the generation and maintenance of adult tissue stem cells which under disease states such as cancer, are known as cancer stem cells. EMT is induced by developmental growth factors, oncogenes, radiation, and hypoxia. A prominent growth factor that causes EMT is transforming growth factor β (TGF-β).A series of molecular and cellular techniques can be applied to define and characterize the state of EMT in diverse biological samples. These methods range from DNA and RNA-based techniques that measure the expression of key EMT regulators and markers of epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation to functional assays of cell mobility, invasiveness and in vitro stemness. This chapter focuses on EMT induced by TGF-β and provides authoritative protocols and relevant reagents and citations of key publications aiming at assisting newcomers that enter this prolific area of biomedical sciences, and offering a useful reference tool to pioneers and aficionados of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Valcourt
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathon Carthy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukari Okita
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lindsay Alcaraz
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sylvie Thuault
- INSERM UMR 911 CRO2, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Isbel L, Srivastava R, Oey H, Spurling A, Daxinger L, Puthalakath H, Whitelaw E. Trim33 Binds and Silences a Class of Young Endogenous Retroviruses in the Mouse Testis; a Novel Component of the Arms Race between Retrotransposons and the Host Genome. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005693. [PMID: 26624618 PMCID: PMC4666613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) have been active in the mammalian genome for millions of years and the silencing of these elements in the germline is important for the survival of the host. Mice carrying reporter transgenes can be used to model transcriptional silencing. A mutagenesis screen for modifiers of epigenetic gene silencing produced a line with a mutation in Trim33; the mutants displayed increased expression of the reporter transgene. ChIP-seq of Trim33 in testis revealed 9,109 peaks, mostly at promoters. This is the first report of ChIP-seq for Trim33 in any tissue. Comparison with ENCODE datasets showed that regions of high read density for Trim33 had high read density for histone marks associated with transcriptional activity and mapping to TE consensus sequences revealed Trim33 enrichment at RLTR10B, the LTR of one of the youngest retrotransposons in the mouse genome, MMERVK10C. We identified consensus sequences from the 266 regions at which Trim33 ChIP-seq peaks overlapped RLTR10B elements and found a match to the A-Myb DNA-binding site. We found that TRIM33 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity for A-MYB and regulates its abundance. RNA-seq revealed that mice haploinsufficient for Trim33 had altered expression of a small group of genes in the testis and the gene with the most significant increase was found to be transcribed from an upstream RLTR10B. These studies provide the first evidence that A-Myb has a role in the actions of Trim33 and suggest a role for both A-Myb and Trim33 in the arms race between the transposon and the host. This the first report of any factor specifically regulating RLTR10B and adds to the current literature on the silencing of MMERVK10C retrotransposons. This is also the first report that A-Myb has a role in the transcription of any retrotransposon. Almost half of the genomes of humans and mice are made up of transposable elements. During host evolution, subsets of these elements have periods of transpositional activity during which they spread throughout the genome. This is dependent on the transcriptional activity of these elements in the cells that contribute to the germline. Hosts have evolved pathways to silence their expression. A number of Trim family proteins have been found to have a role in silencing transposable elements, and it was previously shown that Trim33 shared this function in liver. However, the function of Trim33 in other tissues is poorly understood. Here we report a role for Trim33 in silencing a specific subset of retrotransposons that contain RLTR10B LTRs, in the germline. We also show the transcription factor, A-Myb, is responsible for activating transcription of these elements and it is likely that a subset of RLTR10Bs have recently evolved Myb DNA binding sites to capitalise on the critical role that the A-Myb transcription factor has in germ cells. Suppression of A-Myb activity by Trim33 provides a plausible mechanism by which the host keeps transposons in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Isbel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rahul Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harald Oey
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Spurling
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Whitelaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Gopinathan A, Morton JP, Jodrell DI, Sansom OJ. GEMMs as preclinical models for testing pancreatic cancer therapies. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1185-200. [PMID: 26438692 PMCID: PMC4610236 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form of pancreatic tumour, with a very limited survival rate and currently no available disease-modifying treatments. Despite recent advances in the production of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), the development of new therapies for pancreatic cancer is still hampered by a lack of reliable and predictive preclinical animal models for this disease. Preclinical models are vitally important for assessing therapies in the first stages of the drug development pipeline, prior to their transition to the clinical arena. GEMMs carry mutations in genes that are associated with specific human diseases and they can thus accurately mimic the genetic, phenotypic and physiological aspects of human pathologies. Here, we discuss different GEMMs of human pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL)-Kras(G12D); LSL-Trp53(R172H); Pdx1-cre (KPC) model, one of the most widely used preclinical models for this disease. We describe its application in preclinical research, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages, its potential for predicting clinical outcomes in humans and the factors that can affect such outcomes, and, finally, future developments that could advance the discovery of new therapies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Gopinathan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | - Duncan I Jodrell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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Esposito I, Segler A, Steiger K, Klöppel G. Pathology, genetics and precursors of human and experimental pancreatic neoplasms: An update. Pancreatology 2015; 15:598-610. [PMID: 26365060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been substantial improvements in our knowledge of pancreatic neoplasms and their precursor lesions. Extensive genetic analyses, recently using high-throughput molecular techniques and next-generation sequencing methodologies, and the development of sophisticated genetically engineered mouse models closely recapitulating human disease, have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of pancreatic neoplasms. These advances are paving the way for refined, molecular-based classifications of pancreatic neoplasms with the potential to better predict prognosis and, possibly, response to therapy. Another major development resides in the identification of subsets of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine neoplasms which occur in the context of hereditary syndromes and whose genetic basis and tumor development have been at least partially defined. However, despite all molecular progress, correct and careful morphological characterization of tissue specimens both in the context of experimental and routine diagnostic pathology represents the basis for any further genetic investigation or clinical decision. This review focuses on the current and new concepts of classification and on the current models of tumor development, both in the field of exocrine and endocrine neoplasms, and underscores the importance of applying standardized terminology to allow adequate data interpretation and promote scientific exchange in the field of pancreas research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Angela Segler
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Klöppel
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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44
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Pommier RM, Gout J, Vincent DF, Alcaraz LB, Chuvin N, Arfi V, Martel S, Kaniewski B, Devailly G, Fourel G, Bernard P, Moyret-Lalle C, Ansieau S, Puisieux A, Valcourt U, Sentis S, Bartholin L. TIF1γ Suppresses Tumor Progression by Regulating Mitotic Checkpoints and Chromosomal Stability. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4335-50. [PMID: 26282171 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription accessory factor TIF1γ/TRIM33/RFG7/PTC7/Ectodermin functions as a tumor suppressor that promotes development and cellular differentiation. However, its precise function in cancer has been elusive. In the present study, we report that TIF1γ inactivation causes cells to accumulate chromosomal defects, a hallmark of cancer, due to attenuations in the spindle assembly checkpoint and the post-mitotic checkpoint. TIF1γ deficiency also caused a loss of contact growth inhibition and increased anchorage-independent growth in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, reduced TIF1γ expression in human tumors correlated with an increased rate of genomic rearrangements. Overall, our work indicates that TIF1γ exerts its tumor-suppressive functions in part by promoting chromosomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane M Pommier
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Johann Gout
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David F Vincent
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Lindsay B Alcaraz
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Chuvin
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Arfi
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Martel
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Kaniewski
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Devailly
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève Fourel
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Bernard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Ansieau
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ulrich Valcourt
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Sentis
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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45
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Sharma R, Zhou MM. Partners in crime: The role of tandem modules in gene transcription. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1347-59. [PMID: 26059070 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histones and their modifications play an important role in the regulation of gene transcription. Numerous modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, have been described. These modifications almost always co-occur and thereby increase the combinatorial complexity of post-translational modification detection. The domains that recognize these histone modifications often occur in tandem in the context of larger proteins and complexes. The presence of multiple modifications can positively or negatively regulate the binding of these tandem domains, influencing downstream cellular function. Alternatively, these tandem domains can have novel functions from their independent parts. Here we summarize structural and functional information known about major tandem domains and their histone binding properties. An understanding of these interactions is key for the development of epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajal Sharma
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029
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Kassem L, Deygas M, Fattet L, Lopez J, Goulvent T, Lavergne E, Chabaud S, Carrabin N, Chopin N, Bachelot T, Gillet G, Treilleux I, Rimokh R. TIF1γ interferes with TGFβ1/SMAD4 signaling to promote poor outcome in operable breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:453. [PMID: 26040677 PMCID: PMC4453047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer development and outcome. Besides, the prognostic significance of the TGFβ1, SMAD4 in breast cancer patients is an area of many contradictions. The transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ) is thought to interact with the TGFβ/SMAD signaling through different mechanisms. Our study aims to define the prognostic significance of TGFβ1, SMAD4 and TIF1γ expression in breast cancer patients and to detect possible interactions among those markers that might affect the outcome. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarray (TMA) blocks prepared from samples of 248 operable breast cancer patients who presented at Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) between 1998 and 2001. The intensity and the percentage of stained tumor cells were integrated into a single score (0-6) and a cutoff was defined for high or low expression for each marker. Correlation was done between TGFβ1, SMAD4 and TIF1γ expression with the clinico-pathologic parameters using Pearson's chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) and the difference between the groups was evaluated with log-rank test. RESULTS 223 cases were assessable for TIF1γ, 204 for TGFβ1 and 173 for SMAD4. Median age at diagnosis was 55.8 years (range: 27 to 89 years). Tumors were larger than 20 mm in 49.2% and 45.2% had axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis (N1a to N3). 19.4% of the patients had SBR grade I tumors, 46.8% grade II tumors and 33.9% grade III tumors. ER was positive in 85.4%, PR in 75.5% and Her2-neu was over-expressed in 10% of the cases. Nuclear TIF1γ, cytoplasmic TGFβ1, nuclear and cytoplasmic SMAD4 stainings were high in 35.9%, 30.4%, 27.7% and 52.6% respectively. TIF1γ expression was associated with younger age (p=0.006), higher SBR grade (p<0.001), more ER negativity (p=0.035), and tumors larger than 2 cm (p=0.081), while TGFβ1 was not associated with any of the traditional prognostic factors. TGFβ1 expression in tumor cells was a marker of poor prognosis regarding DMFS (HR=2.28; 95% CI: 1.4 to 3.8; p=0.002), DFS (HR=2.00; 95% CI: 1.25 to 3.5; p=0.005) and OS (HR=1.89; 95 % CI: 1.04 to 3.43; p=0.037). TIF1γ expression carried a tendency towards poorer DMFS (p=0.091), DFS (p=0.143) and OS (p=0.091). In the multivariate analysis TGFβ1 remained an independent predictor of shorter DMFS, DFS and OS. Moreover, the prognostic significance of TGFβ1 was more obvious in the TIF1γ high patient subgroup than in the patients with TIF1γ low expression. The subgroup expressing both markers had the worst DMFS (HR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.7 to 5.9; p<0.0001), DFS (HR=3.02; 95 % CI: 1.6 to 5.6; p<0.0001) and OS (HR=2.7; 95 % CI: 1.4 to 5.4; p=0.005). CONCLUSION There is a crosstalk between the TIF1γ and the TGFβ1/SMAD4 signaling that deteriorates the outcome of operable breast cancer patients and when combined together they can serve as an effective prognostic tool for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loay Kassem
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mathieu Deygas
- U1052 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5286. Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Laurent Fattet
- U1052 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5286. Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- U1052 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5286. Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Thibaut Goulvent
- U1052 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5286. Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Chopin
- Department of surgery, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of medical oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Germain Gillet
- U1052 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5286. Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Ruth Rimokh
- U1052 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5286. Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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47
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Wang L, Yang H, Lei Z, Zhao J, Chen Y, Chen P, Li C, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang HT. Repression of TIF1γ by SOX2 promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:867-77. [PMID: 25961934 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TIF1γ is a novel regulator of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling. Our previous studies show that dysregulated expression of transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1γ) and abnormal TGF-β/Smad signaling are implicated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) separately. However, how TIF1γ contributes to NSCLC by controlling TGF-β/Smad signaling is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of TIF1γ in TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as a link between TIF1γ and SOX2 in NSCLC. We show that TIF1γ is a downstream target of SOX2 in NSCLC cells. SOX2 overexpression negatively regulated TIF1γ promoter activity and thereby attenuated TIF1γ mRNA and protein expression levels; SOX2 knockdown significantly enhanced TIF1γ promoter activity and augmented TIF1γ expression. Moreover, TIF1γ mRNA expression was downregulated in human NSCLC tissues and negatively correlated with SOX2 protein, which was upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Importantly, knockdown of TIF1γ or SOX2 overexpression augmented SMAD4 (human Mad (mothers against decapentaplegic)-related homologous protein 4)-dependent transcriptional responses, and enhanced TGF-β-induced EMT and human NSCLC cell invasion; knockdown of SOX2 impaired TGF-β-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion. In an in vivo model of metastasis, knockdown of TIF1γ promotes NSCLC cell metastasis. In addition, our data suggested that TIF1γ inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT through competing with SMAD4 in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings reveal a new mechanism by which SOX2-mediated transcription repression of TIF1γ promotes TGF-β-induced EMT in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - H Yang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - Z Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - J Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - P Chen
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y Zeng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Z Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - X Liu
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - H-T Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
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Xue J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang Z, Zhou A, Zhang S, Lin K, Aldape K, Majumder S, Lu Z, Huang S. Tumour suppressor TRIM33 targets nuclear β-catenin degradation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6156. [PMID: 25639486 PMCID: PMC4315364 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of β-catenin in the nucleus has been implicated in a variety of human cancers but the fate of nuclear β-catenin is unknown. Here we demonstrate that tripartite motif-containing protein 33 (TRIM33), acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, reduces the abundance of nuclear β-catenin protein. TRIM33-mediated β-catenin is destabilized and is GSK-3β or β-TrCP independent. TRIM33 interacts with and ubiquitylates nuclear β-catenin. Moreover, protein kinase Cδ, which directly phosphorylates β-catenin at Ser715, is required for the TRIM33–β-catenin interaction. The function of TRIM33 in suppressing tumour cell proliferation and brain tumour development depends on TRIM33-promoted β-catenin degradation. In human glioblastoma specimens, endogenous TRIM33 levels are inversely correlated with β-catenin. In summary, our findings identify TRIM33 as a tumour suppressor that can abolish tumour cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by degrading nuclear β-catenin. This work suggests a new therapeutic strategy against human cancers caused by aberrant activation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yamei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Aidong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sicong Zhang
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kangyu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sadhan Majumder
- 1] Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- 1] Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- 1] Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Xia X, Wu W, Huang C, Cen G, Jiang T, Cao J, Huang K, Qiu Z. SMAD4 and its role in pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:111-9. [PMID: 25464861 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates cell functions and has key roles in pancreatic cancer development. SMAD4, as one of the Smads family of signal transducer from TGF-β, mediates pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis and is specifically inactivated in half of advanced pancreatic cancers. In recent years, many advances concerning SMAD4 had tried to unravel the complex signaling mechanisms of TGF-β and its dual role of tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting efforts in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression through SMAD4-dependent TGF-β signaling and SMAD4-independent TGF-β signaling pathways. Meanwhile, its potential prognostic value based on immunohistochemical expression in surgical sample was variably reported by several studies and short of a systematic analysis. This review aimed to discuss the structure, functions, and regulation of this principal protein and its effects in determining the progression and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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50
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Ding ZY, Jin GN, Wang W, Chen WX, Wu YH, Ai X, Chen L, Zhang WG, Liang HF, Laurence A, Zhang MZ, Datta PK, Zhang B, Chen XP. Reduced expression of transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma promotes metastasis and indicates poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2014; 60:1620-36. [PMID: 24954480 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) may play either a potential tumor-suppressor or -promoter role in cancer. Here we report on a critical role of TIF1γ in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reduced expression of TIF1γ was detected in HCC, especially in advanced HCC tissues, compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues. HCC patients with low TIF1γ expression had shorter overall survival times and higher recurrence rates than those with high TIF1γ expression. Reduced TIF1γ expression was an independent and significant risk factor for recurrence and survival after curative resection. In HCC cells, TIF1γ played a dual role: It promoted tumor growth in early-stage HCC, but not in advanced-stage HCC, whereas it inhibited invasion and metastasis in both early- and advanced-stage HCC. Mechanistically, we confirmed that TIF1γ inhibited transforming growth factor-β/ Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β/Smad) signaling through monoubiquitination of Smad4 and suppressed the formation of Smad2/3/4 complex in HCC cells. TGF-β-inducing cytostasis and metastasis were both inhibited by TIF1γ in HCC. We further proved that TIF1γ suppressed cyotstasis-related TGF-β/Smad downstream c-myc down-regulation, as well as p21/cip1 and p15/ink4b up-regulation in early-stage HCC. Meanwhile, TGF-β inducible epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β/Smad downstream metastatic cascades, including phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten down-regulation, chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 and matrix metalloproteinase 1 induction, and epidermal growth factor receptor- and protein kinase B-signaling transactivation, were inhibited by TIF1γ. In addition, we found that the down-regulation of TIF1γ in HCC was caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands in the TIF1γ promoter, and demonstrated that the combination of TIF1γ and phosphorylated Smad2 was a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis. CONCLUSION TIF1γ regulates tumor growth and metastasis through inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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