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Alvarado K, Tang WJ, Watson CJ, Ahmed AR, Gomez AE, Donaka R, Amemiya C, Karasik D, Hsu YH, Kwon RY. Loss of cped1 does not affect bone and lean tissue in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.601974. [PMID: 39026892 PMCID: PMC11257572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.601974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Human genetic studies have nominated Cadherin-like and PC-esterase Domain-containing 1 (CPED1) as a candidate target gene mediating bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk heritability. Recent efforts to define the role of CPED1 in bone in mouse and human models have revealed complex alternative splicing and inconsistent results arising from gene targeting, making its function in bone difficult to interpret. To better understand the role of CPED1 in adult bone mass and morphology, we conducted a comprehensive genetic and phenotypic analysis of cped1 in zebrafish, an emerging model for bone and mineral research. We analyzed two different cped1 mutant lines and performed deep phenotyping to characterize more than 200 measures of adult vertebral, craniofacial, and lean tissue morphology. We also examined alternative splicing of zebrafish cped1 and gene expression in various cell/tissue types. Our studies fail to support an essential role of cped1 in adult zebrafish bone. Specifically, homozygous mutants for both cped1 mutant alleles, which are expected to result in loss-of-function and impact all cped1 isoforms, exhibited no significant differences in the measures examined when compared to their respective wildtype controls, suggesting that cped1 does not significantly contribute to these traits. We identified sequence differences in critical residues of the catalytic triad between the zebrafish and mouse orthologs of CPED1, suggesting that differences in key residues, as well as distinct alternative splicing, could underlie different functions of CPED1 orthologs in the two species. Our studies fail to support a requirement of cped1 in zebrafish bone and lean tissue, adding to evidence that variants at 7q31.31 can act independently of CPED1 to influence BMD and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis Alvarado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. Joyce Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire J. Watson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali R. Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arianna Ericka Gomez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Chris Amemiya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Razi F, Ostovar A, Fahimfar N, M. Amoli M, Fana SE, Dimai HP, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Luegger B, Rivadeneira F, Nabipour I, Larijani B, Khashayar P. Protocol for preliminary, multicenteric validation of "PoCOsteo device": A point of care tool for proteomic and genomic study of osteoporosis. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae006. [PMID: 38559752 PMCID: PMC10978377 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the goals of the HORIZON 2020 project PoCOsteo was to develop a medical device, which would measure and/or quantify proteomic as well as genomic factors as present in whole blood samples collected through finger prick. After validating the tool in the clinical setting, the next step would be its clinical validation based on the existing guidelines. This article presents the protocol of a validation study to be carried out independently at two different centers (Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology at the Medical University of Graz as a clinic-based cohort, and the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences as a population-based cohort). It aims to assess the tool according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, confirming if the proteomics and genomics measurements provided by the tool are accurate and reproducible compared with the existing state-of-the-art tests. This is the first time that such a detailed protocol for lab validation of a medical tool for proteomics and genomic measurement is designed based on the existing guidelines and thus could be used as a template for clinical validation of future point-of-care tools. Moreover, the multicentric cohort design will allow the study of a large number of diverse individuals, which will improve the validity and generalizability of the results for different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Fahimfar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M. Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center (MDRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi Fana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans Peter Dimai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Barbara Luegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | | | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec & Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Gent, Belgium
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He D, Liu H, Wei W, Zhao Y, Cai Q, Shi S, Chu X, Qin X, Zhang N, Xu P, Zhang F. A longitudinal genome-wide association study of bone mineral density mean and variability in the UK Biobank. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1907-1916. [PMID: 37500982 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is an essential predictor of osteoporosis and fracture. We conducted a genome-wide trajectory analysis of BMD and analyzed the BMD change. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the genetic architecture and potential biomarkers of BMD. METHODS Our analysis included 141,261 white participants from the UK Biobank with heel BMD phenotype data. We used a genome-wide trajectory analysis tool, TrajGWAS, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BMD. Then, we validated our findings in previously reported BMD genetic associations and performed replication analysis in the Asian participants. Finally, gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the identified candidate genes was conducted using the FUMA platform. RESULTS A total of 52 genes associated with BMD trajectory mean were identified, of which the top three significant genes were WNT16 (P = 1.31 × 10-126), FAM3C (P = 4.18 × 10-108), and CPED1 (P = 8.48 × 10-106). In addition, 114 genes associated with BMD within-subject variability were also identified, such as AC092079.1 (P = 2.72 × 10-13) and RGS7 (P = 4.72 × 10-10). The associations for these candidate genes were confirmed in the previous GWASs and replicated successfully in the Asian participants. GSEA results of BMD change identified multiple GO terms related to skeletal development, such as SKELETAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (Padjusted = 2.45 × 10-3) and REGULATION OF OSSIFICATION (Padjusted = 2.45 × 10-3). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the CPED1-WNT16-FAM3C locus plays a significant role in BMD mean trajectories and identified several novel candidate genes contributing to BMD within-subject variability, facilitating the understanding of the genetic architecture of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoge Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shanxi, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Kaspersky U, Levy R, Nashef A, Iraqi FA, Gabet Y. A study of the influence of genetic variance and sex on the density and thickness of the calvarial bone in collaborative cross mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:355-361. [PMID: 37448168 PMCID: PMC10486330 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone microarchitecture is affected by multiple genes, each having a small effect on the external appearance. It is thus challenging to characterize the genes and their specific effect on bone thickness and porosity. The purpose of this study was to assess the heritability and the genetic variation effect, as well as the sex effect on the calvarial bone thickness (Ca.Th) and calvarial porosity (%PoV) using the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. METHODS In the study we examined the parietal bones of 56 mice from 9 lines of CC mice. Morphometric parameters were evaluated using microcomputed tomography (μCT) and included Ca.Th and %PoV. We then evaluated heritability, genetic versus environmental variance and the sex effect for these parameters. RESULTS Our morphometric analysis showed that Ca.Th and %PoV are both significantly different among the CC lines with a broad sense heritability of 0.78 and 0.90, respectively. The sex effect within the lines was significant in line IL111 and showed higher values of Ca.Th and %PoV in females compared to males. In line IL19 there was a borderline sex effect in Ca.Th in which males showed higher values than females. CONCLUSIONS These results stress the complexity of sex and genotype interactions controlling Ca.Th and %PoV, as the skeletal sexual dimorphism was dependent on the genetic background. This study also shows that the CC population is a powerful tool for establishing the genetic effect on these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Kaspersky
- Department of Anatomy and AnthropologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Roei Levy
- Department of Anatomy and AnthropologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBaruch Padeh medical centerPoriyaIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and AnthropologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Diamond KM, Burtner AE, Siddiqui D, Alvarado K, Leake S, Rolfe S, Zhang C, Kwon RY, Maga AM. Examining craniofacial variation among crispant and mutant zebrafish models of human skeletal diseases. J Anat 2023; 243:66-77. [PMID: 36858797 PMCID: PMC10273351 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases affecting the skeletal system present with a wide range of symptoms that make diagnosis and treatment difficult. Genome-wide association and sequencing studies have identified genes linked to human skeletal diseases. Gene editing of zebrafish models allows researchers to further examine the link between genotype and phenotype, with the long-term goal of improving diagnosis and treatment. While current automated tools enable rapid and in-depth phenotyping of the axial skeleton, characterizing the effects of mutations on the craniofacial skeleton has been more challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate a semi-automated screening tool can be used to quantify craniofacial variations in zebrafish models using four genes that have been associated with human skeletal diseases (meox1, plod2, sost, and wnt16) as test cases. We used traditional landmarks to ground truth our dataset and pseudolandmarks to quantify variation across the 3D cranial skeleton between the groups (somatic crispant, germline mutant, and control fish). The proposed pipeline identified variation between the crispant or mutant fish and control fish for four genes. Variation in phenotypes parallel human craniofacial symptoms for two of the four genes tested. This study demonstrates the potential as well as the limitations of our pipeline as a screening tool to examine multi-dimensional phenotypes associated with the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Diamond
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Tennessee, Memphis, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abigail E Burtner
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daanya Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kurtis Alvarado
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sanford Leake
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara Rolfe
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Murat Maga
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Gómez AE, Addish S, Alvarado K, Boatemaa P, Onyali AC, Ramirez EG, Rojas MF, Rai J, Reynolds KA, Tang WJ, Kwon RY. Multiple Mechanisms Explain Genetic Effects at the CPED1-WNT16 Bone Mineral Density Locus. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:173-183. [PMID: 36943599 PMCID: PMC10202127 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chromosome region 7q31.31, also known as the CPED1-WNT16 locus, is robustly associated with BMD and fracture risk. The aim of the review is to highlight experimental studies examining the function of genes at the CPED1-WNT16 locus. RECENT FINDINGS Genes that reside at the CPED1-WNT16 locus include WNT16, FAM3C, ING3, CPED1, and TSPAN12. Experimental studies in mice strongly support the notion that Wnt16 is necessary for bone mass and strength. In addition, roles for Fam3c and Ing3 in regulating bone morphology in vivo and/or osteoblast differentiation in vitro have been identified. Finally, a role for wnt16 in dually influencing bone and muscle morphogenesis in zebrafish has recently been discovered, which has brought forth new questions related to whether the influence of WNT16 in muscle may conspire with its influence in bone to alter BMD and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ericka Gómez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sumaya Addish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kurtis Alvarado
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Priscilla Boatemaa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne C Onyali
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily G Ramirez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria F Rojas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiana A Reynolds
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Joyce Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Wu CL, Nfor ON, Tantoh DM, Lu WY, Liaw YP. Associations Between Body Mass Index, WNT16 rs2908004 and Osteoporosis: Findings from Taiwan Biobank. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2751-2758. [PMID: 36510504 PMCID: PMC9738159 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s391587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease that affects women and men of all races. We studied the association between body mass index (BMI), rs2908004 polymorphism of the WNT16 gene, and osteoporosis using data from Taiwan Biobank (TWB). Patients and Methods We analyzed data from 10,942 subjects aged 30 to 70. We defined osteoporosis based on a mean T-score of -2.5 and below in the hip. Body mass index was classified following the guidelines of the Health Promotion Administration. Imputation was carried out using the IMPUTE2 (v2.3.1) program. Multiple logistic regression was used for analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for osteoporosis were determined. Results In the multivariate regression model, variant rs2908004 had a significant association with osteoporosis. That is, the rs2908004-GA+AA genotype was associated with lower osteoporosis risk than the GG genotype (OR, 0.651; 95% CI = 0.544 to 0.780). Compared to normal-weight, underweight was significantly associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis (OR, 6.517; 95% CI = 4.624 to 9.186) while overweight and obesity were protective (OR, 0.176; 95% CI = 0.140 to 0.221 and 0.057; 95% CI = 0.039 to 0.083, respectively). There was an interaction between rs2908004 and BMI (p = 0.0148). Subgroup analyses (using rs2908004-GG/normal-weight as the reference group) indicated ORs of 7.66 (95% CI = 5.153 to 11.394) in the rs2908004-GG/underweight group and 3.002 (95% CI = 1.509 to 5.974) in the rs2908004-GA+AA/underweight group (95% CI = 1.509 to 5.974). Odds ratios were substantially lower in rs2908004-GG/obese, rs2908004-GG/overweight, GA+AA/normal-weight, rs2908004-GA+AA/overweight, and rs2908004-GA+AA/obese groups, respectively. Conclusion According to our study, underweight was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis irrespective of WNT16 rs2908004 genotypes, while overweight and obesity were associated with a lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ling Wu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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8
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Watson CJ, Tang WJ, Rojas MF, Fiedler IAK, Morfin Montes de Oca E, Cronrath AR, Callies LK, Swearer AA, Ahmed AR, Sethuraman V, Addish S, Farr GH, Gómez AE, Rai J, Monstad-Rios AT, Gardiner EM, Karasik D, Maves L, Busse B, Hsu YH, Kwon RY. wnt16 regulates spine and muscle morphogenesis through parallel signals from notochord and dermomyotome. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010496. [PMID: 36346812 PMCID: PMC9674140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and muscle are coupled through developmental, mechanical, paracrine, and autocrine signals. Genetic variants at the CPED1-WNT16 locus are dually associated with bone- and muscle-related traits. While Wnt16 is necessary for bone mass and strength, this fails to explain pleiotropy at this locus. Here, we show wnt16 is required for spine and muscle morphogenesis in zebrafish. In embryos, wnt16 is expressed in dermomyotome and developing notochord, and contributes to larval myotome morphology and notochord elongation. Later, wnt16 is expressed at the ventral midline of the notochord sheath, and contributes to spine mineralization and osteoblast recruitment. Morphological changes in wnt16 mutant larvae are mirrored in adults, indicating that wnt16 impacts bone and muscle morphology throughout the lifespan. Finally, we show that wnt16 is a gene of major effect on lean mass at the CPED1-WNT16 locus. Our findings indicate that Wnt16 is secreted in structures adjacent to developing bone (notochord) and muscle (dermomyotome) where it affects the morphogenesis of each tissue, thereby rendering wnt16 expression into dual effects on bone and muscle morphology. This work expands our understanding of wnt16 in musculoskeletal development and supports the potential for variants to act through WNT16 to influence bone and muscle via parallel morphogenetic processes. In humans, genetic variants (DNA sequences that vary amongst individuals) have been identified that appear to influence two tissues, bone and skeletal muscle. However, how single genes and genetic variants exert dual influence on both tissues is not well understood. In this study, we found that the wnt16 gene is necessary for specifying the size and shape of both muscle and bone during development in zebrafish. We also disentangled how wnt16 affects both tissues: distinct cellular populations adjacent to muscle and bone secrete Wnt16, where it acts as a signal guiding the size and shape of each tissue. This is important because in humans, genetic variants near the WNT16 gene have effects on both bone- and muscle-related traits. This study expands our understanding of the role of WNT16 in bone and muscle development, and helps to explain how genetic variants near WNT16 affect traits for both tissues. Moreover, WNT16 is actively being explored as a target for osteoporosis therapies, thus our study could have implications with regard to the potential of targeting WNT16 to treat bone and muscle simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. Watson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - W. Joyce Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Rojas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Morfin Montes de Oca
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrea R. Cronrath
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Lulu K. Callies
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Avery Angell Swearer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Ali R. Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Visali Sethuraman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Sumaya Addish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Gist H. Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Arianna Ericka Gómez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Adrian T. Monstad-Rios
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Edith M. Gardiner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bjorn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Abstract
Bone science has over the last decades unraveled many important pathways in bone and mineral metabolism and the interplay between genetic factors and the environment. Some of these discoveries have led to the development of pharmacological treatments of osteoporosis and rare bone diseases. Other scientific avenues have uncovered a role for the gut microbiome in regulating bone mass, which have led to investigations on the possible therapeutic role of probiotics in the prevention of osteoporosis. Huge advances have been made in identifying the genes that cause rare bone diseases, which in some cases have led to therapeutic interventions. Advances have also been made in understanding the genetic basis of the more common polygenic bone diseases, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Polygenic profiles are used for establishing genetic risk scores aiming at early diagnosis and intervention, but also in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to investigate both desired and undesired effects of targets for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente L Langdahl
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Laboratory for Population Genomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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10
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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11
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Lu T, Forgetta V, Greenwood CMT, Richards JB. Identifying Causes of Fracture Beyond Bone Mineral Density: Evidence From Human Genetics. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1592-1602. [PMID: 35689460 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New therapies may help to prevent osteoporotic fractures other than through increasing bone mineral density (BMD). Because fracture risk has an important genetic component, we aim to identify loci increasing fracture risk that do not decrease BMD, using a recently-proposed structural equation model adapted to remove genetic influences of BMD on fracture risk. We used summary statistics of the largest genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for BMD and for fracture in these analyses. We next estimated the genetic correlation between the non-BMD or BMD-related genetic effects and other clinical risk factors for fracture. Last, based on white British participants in the UK Biobank, we conducted genetic risk score analyses to assess whether the aggregated genetic effects conferred increased major osteoporotic fracture risk. We found that only three loci affecting fracture risk exhibited genetic effects not mediated by BMD: SOST, CPED1-WNT16, and RSPO3, while these three loci simultaneously conferred BMD-related effects. No strong genetic associations between non-BMD or BMD-related effects and 16 clinical risk factors were observed. However, non-BMD effects might be genetic correlated with hip bone size. In the UK Biobank, a 1 standard deviation (1-SD) increase in the non-BMD genetic risk score conferred an odds ratio of 1.17 for incident major osteoporotic fracture, compared to 1.29 by a BMD-related genetic risk score. Our study suggests that the majority of common genetic predisposition toward fracture risk acts upon BMD. Although non-BMD genetic effects may exist, they are not strongly correlated with most traditional clinical risk factors. Risk loci harboring non-BMD genetic effects may influence other perspectives of bone quality, or confer effects that existing GWASs fail to capture, but they demonstrate weaker impact on fracture risk than BMD-related genetic effects. These findings suggest that most successful drug development programs for osteoporosis should focus on pathways identified through BMD-associated loci. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Yang Z, Liu J, Fu J, Li S, Chai Z, Sun Y. Associations between WNT signaling pathway-related gene polymorphisms and risks of osteoporosis development in Chinese postmenopausal women: a case-control study. Climacteric 2022; 25:257-263. [PMID: 34254535 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1941848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WNT signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis, and the effect of WNT signaling pathway-related gene (WNT16 and LRP5) polymorphisms on osteoporosis risk among Chinese postmenopausal women is still unknown. Hence, we performed a case-control study to assess the association of WNT signaling pathway-related gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis risk. METHODS A total of 1026 women (515 osteoporosis patients and 511 controls) of postmenopausal age who were randomly sampled from Xi'an 630 Hospital (Shaanxi Province, China) were involved in this study. Seven genetic polymorphisms in WNT16 (rs3779381, rs3801387, rs917727 and rs7776725) and LRP5 (rs2291467, rs11228240 and rs12272917) were selected and genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY iPLEX system. The association of the genetic polymorphisms and osteoporosis risk was assessed by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method was conducted to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP interaction. RESULTS We found that LRP5 polymorphisms (rs2291467, rs11228240 and rs12272917) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of osteoporosis in homozygote, recessive and additive models (p < 0.05). Stratification analysis showed that LRP5 polymorphisms (rs2291467, rs11228240 and rs12272917) significantly decreased the osteoporosis risk in the subgroup of body mass index (BMI) ≤ 24 (p < 0.05) and that individuals carrying a heterozygote genotype of WNT16 polymorphisms (rs3779381, rs3801387, rs917727 and rs7776725) had a higher osteoporosis risk in the subgroup of BMI > 24 (p < 0.05). Two haplotypes (haplotype 1: rs3779381, rs3801387, rs917727 and rs7776725; haplotype 2: rs2291467 and rs11228240) were observed, yet only Trs2291467Trs11228240 and Crs2291467Crs11228240 had a strong association with a decreased risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Additionally, MDR analysis revealed that LRP5 rs2291467 was the best model in single-locus MDR analysis. A seven-locus model including rs3779381-AG, rs7776725-TC, rs3801387-GA and rs917727-TC in WNT16 and rs11228240-CC, rs12272917-TC and rs2291467-CC in LRP5 was the best model in multiple-loci MDR analysis (p < 0.001). These two best models were the most significantly associated with osteoporosis risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that WNT16 and LRP5 genetic polymorphisms are associated with osteoporosis risk among Chinese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Internal Neurology, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - J Fu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Minimal Invasive Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - Z Chai
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder with enhanced bone fragility, usually affecting the elderly. It is very rare in children and young adults and the definition is not only based on a low BMD (a Z-score < - 2.0 in growing children and a Z-score ≤ - 2.0 or a T-score ≤ - 2.5 in young adults) but also on the occurrence of fragility fractures and/or the existence of underlying chronic diseases or secondary factors such as use of glucocorticoids. In the absence of a known chronic disease, fragility fractures and low BMD should prompt extensive screening for secondary causes, which can be found in up to 90% of cases. When fragility fractures occur in childhood or young adulthood without an evident secondary cause, investigations should explore the possibility of an underlying monogenetic bone disease, where bone fragility is caused by a single variant in a gene that has a major role in the skeleton. Several monogenic forms relate to type I collagen, but other forms also exist. Loss-of-function variants in LRP5 and WNT1 may lead to early-onset osteoporosis. The X-chromosomal osteoporosis caused by PLS3 gene mutations affects especially males. Another recently discovered form relates to disturbed sphingolipid metabolism due to SGMS2 mutations, underscoring the complexity of molecular pathology in monogenic early-onset osteoporosis. Management of young patients consists of treatment of secondary factors, optimizing lifestyle factors including calcium and vitamin D and physical exercise. Treatment with bone-active medication should be discussed on a personalized basis, considering the severity of osteoporosis and underlying disease versus the absence of evidence on anti-fracture efficacy and potential harmful effects in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Katchkovsky S, Chatterjee B, Abramovitch-Dahan CV, Papo N, Levaot N. Competitive blocking of LRP4-sclerostin binding interface strongly promotes bone anabolic functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:113. [PMID: 35099616 PMCID: PMC11073160 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Induction of bone formation by Wnt ligands is inhibited when sclerostin (Scl), an osteocyte-produced antagonist, binds to its receptors, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 or 6 (LRP5/6). Recently, it was shown that enhanced inhibition is achieved by Scl binding to the co-receptor LRP4. However, it is not clear if the binding of Scl to LRP4 facilitates Scl binding to LRP5/6 or inhibits the Wnt pathway in an LRP5/6-independent manner. Here, using the yeast display system, we demonstrate that Scl exhibits a stronger binding affinity for LRP4 than for LRP6. Moreover, we found stronger Scl binding to LRP6 in the presence of LRP4. We further show that a Scl mutant (SclN93A), which tightly binds LRP4 but not LRP6, does not inhibit the Wnt pathway on its own. We demonstrate that SclN93A competes with Scl for a common binding site on LRP4 and antagonizes Scl inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoblasts in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that 2 weeks of bi-weekly subcutaneous injections of SclN93A fused to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of immunoglobulin (SclN93AFc), which retains the antagonistic activity of the mutant, significantly increases bone formation rate and enhances trabecular volumetric bone fraction, trabecular number, and bone length in developing mice. Our data show that LRP4 serves as an anchor that facilitates Scl-LRP6 binding and that inhibition of the Wnt pathway by Scl depends on its prior binding to LRP4. We further provide evidence that compounds that inhibit Scl-LRP4 interactions offer a potential strategy to promote anabolic bone functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Katchkovsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Biplab Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Chen-Viki Abramovitch-Dahan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Noam Levaot
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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15
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Kague E, Karasik D. Functional Validation of Osteoporosis Genetic Findings Using Small Fish Models. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:279. [PMID: 35205324 PMCID: PMC8872034 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of human genomics has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic architecture of many skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis. However, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge, since index variants often reside in non-coding regions of the genome and do not possess an obvious regulatory function. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary, such as the one offered by animal models. These models enable us to identify causal mechanisms, clarify the underlying biology, and apply interventions. Over the past several decades, small teleost fishes, mostly zebrafish and medaka, have emerged as powerful systems for modeling the genetics of human diseases. Due to their amenability to genetic intervention and the highly conserved genetic and physiological features, fish have become indispensable for skeletal genomic studies. The goal of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the utility of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for accelerating our understanding of human skeletal genomics and outlining the remaining gaps in knowledge. We provide an overview of zebrafish skeletal morphophysiology and gene homology, shedding light on the advantages of human skeletal genomic exploration and validation. Knowledge of the biology underlying osteoporosis through animal models will lead to the translation into new, better and more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
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16
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Martínez-Gil N, Ugartondo N, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Wnt Pathway Extracellular Components and Their Essential Roles in Bone Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010138. [PMID: 35052478 PMCID: PMC8775112 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is involved in several processes essential for bone development and homeostasis. For proper functioning, the Wnt pathway is tightly regulated by numerous extracellular elements that act by both activating and inhibiting the pathway at different moments. This review aims to describe, summarize and update the findings regarding the extracellular modulators of the Wnt pathway, including co-receptors, ligands and inhibitors, in relation to bone homeostasis, with an emphasis on the animal models generated, the diseases associated with each gene and the bone processes in which each member is involved. The precise knowledge of all these elements will help us to identify possible targets that can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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17
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Kague E, Medina-Gomez C, Boyadjiev SA, Rivadeneira F. The genetic overlap between osteoporosis and craniosynostosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1020821. [PMID: 36225206 PMCID: PMC9548872 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone condition in the ageing population. This systemic disease is characterized by microarchitectural deterioration of bone, leading to increased fracture risk. In the past 15 years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have pinpointed hundreds of loci associated with bone mineral density (BMD), helping elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and genetic architecture of fracture risk. However, the challenge remains in pinpointing causative genes driving GWAS signals as a pivotal step to drawing the translational therapeutic roadmap. Recently, a skull BMD-GWAS uncovered an intriguing intersection with craniosynostosis, a congenital anomaly due to premature suture fusion in the skull. Here, we recapitulate the genetic contribution to both osteoporosis and craniosynostosis, describing the biological underpinnings of this overlap and using zebrafish models to leverage the functional investigation of genes associated with skull development and systemic skeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Erika Kague,
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Ye X, Liu X. Wnt16 signaling in bone homeostasis and osteoarthristis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1095711. [PMID: 36619549 PMCID: PMC9815800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1095711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted cysteine-rich glycoproteins involved in joint development and skeletal homeostasis and have been implicated in the occurrence of osteoarthritis. Over the past decade, Wnt16, a member of the Wnt family, has received widespread attention for its strong association with bone mineral density, cortical bone thickness, bone strength, and osteoporotic fracture risk. In recent years, further studies have shed light on the role of Wnt16 a positive regulator of bone mass and protective regulator of osteoarthritis progression. Transduction mechanisms and crosstalk involving Wnt16 signaling have also been illustrated. More importantly, local Wnt16 treatment has been shown to ease osteoarthritis, inhibit bone resorption, and promote new bone formation in bone defect models. Thus, Wnt16 is now a potential therapeutic target for skeletal diseases and osteoarthritis. This paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt16 signaling regulates bone homeostasis and osteoarthritis.
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19
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Nagano K, Yamana K, Saito H, Kiviranta R, Pedroni AC, Raval D, Niehrs C, Gori F, Baron R. R-spondin 3 deletion induces Erk phosphorylation to enhance Wnt signaling and promote bone formation in the appendicular skeleton. eLife 2022; 11:84171. [PMID: 36321691 PMCID: PMC9681208 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Wnt signaling leads to high bone density. The R-spondin family of four secreted glycoproteins (Rspo1-4) amplifies Wnt signaling. In humans, RSPO3 variants are strongly associated with bone density. Here, we investigated the role of Rspo3 in skeletal homeostasis in mice. Using a comprehensive set of mouse genetic and mechanistic studies, we show that in the appendicular skeleton, Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency and Rspo3 targeted deletion in Runx2+ osteoprogenitors lead to an increase in trabecular bone mass, with increased number of osteoblasts and bone formation. In contrast and highlighting the complexity of Wnt signaling in the regulation of skeletal homeostasis, we show that Rspo3 deletion in osteoprogenitors results in the opposite phenotype in the axial skeleton, i.e., low vertebral trabecular bone mass. Mechanistically, Rspo3 deficiency impairs the inhibitory effect of Dkk1 on Wnt signaling activation and bone mass. We demonstrate that Rspo3 deficiency leads to activation of Erk signaling which in turn, stabilizes β-catenin and Wnt signaling activation. Our data demonstrate that Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency/deficiency boosts canonical Wnt signaling by activating Erk signaling, to favor osteoblastogenesis, bone formation, and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagano
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Kei Yamana
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | - Dhairya Raval
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Christof Niehrs
- German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB)MainzGermany
| | - Francesca Gori
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Roland Baron
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
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20
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Jo S, Weon S, Nam B, Jang MA, Kang H, Kim TJ, Park YS, Kim TH. WNT16 elevation induced cell senescence of osteoblasts in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:301. [PMID: 34879876 PMCID: PMC8653593 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT16 is critical for bone homeostasis, but the effect of WNT16 in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is still unknown. Here, we investigated whether WNT16 influences bone formation and pathophysiological changes of AS in an in vitro model. METHODS The bone tissue from the facet joints was obtained from seven disease control and seven AS patients. Primary osteoprogenitor cells of the facet joints were isolated using an outgrowth method. Isolated osteoprogenitor cells from both control and AS tissues were analyzed by microarray, RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. The bone-forming activity of osteoprogenitor cells was assessed by various in vitro assays. β-galactosidase staining and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) using RT-qPCR were used to assess cell senescence. RESULTS In microarray analysis, WNT16 expression was significantly elevated in AS osteoprogenitor cells compared to the control. We also validated that WNT16 expression was elevated in AS-osteoprogenitor cells and human AS-bone tissues. WNT16 treatment inhibited bone formation in AS-osteoprogenitor cells but not in the control. Intriguingly, AS-osteoprogenitor cells were stained markedly with β-galactosidase for cell senescence in WNT16 treatment. Furthermore, in an H2O2 stress-induced premature senescence condition, WNT16 treatment increased cell senescence in AS-osteoprogenitor cells and WNT16 treatment under the H2O2 stress condition showed an increase in p21 protein and SASP mRNA expression. The WNT16-induced SASP expression in AS-osteoprogenitor cells was reduced in WNT16 knockdown cultures. CONCLUSION WNT16 is highly expressed in AS and WNT16 treatment facilitated cell senescence in AS-osteoprogenitor cells during osteoblast differentiation accompanied by suppression of bone formation. The identified role of WNT16 in AS could influence bone loss in AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Weon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Disease, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonhchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Hyundeok Kang
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Deparment of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Soo Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Disease, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Ghatan S, Costantini A, Li R, De Bruin C, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Winter EM, Oei L, Medina-Gomez C. The Polygenic and Monogenic Basis of Paediatric Fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:481-493. [PMID: 33945105 PMCID: PMC8551106 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fractures are frequently encountered in paediatric practice. Although recurrent fractures in children usually unveil a monogenic syndrome, paediatric fracture risk could be shaped by the individual genetic background influencing the acquisition of bone mineral density, and therefore, the skeletal fragility as shown in adults. Here, we examine paediatric fractures from the perspective of monogenic and complex trait genetics. RECENT FINDINGS Large-scale genome-wide studies in children have identified ~44 genetic loci associated with fracture or bone traits whereas ~35 monogenic diseases characterized by paediatric fractures have been described. Genetic variation can predispose to paediatric fractures through monogenic risk variants with a large effect and polygenic risk involving many variants of small effects. Studying genetic factors influencing peak bone attainment might help in identifying individuals at higher risk of developing early-onset osteoporosis and discovering drug targets to be used as bone restorative pharmacotherapies to prevent, or even reverse, bone loss later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghatan
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Li
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C De Bruin
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E M Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Oei
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Abood A, Farber CR. Using "-omics" Data to Inform Genome-wide Association Studies (GWASs) in the Osteoporosis Field. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:369-380. [PMID: 34125409 PMCID: PMC8767463 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoporosis constitutes a major societal health problem. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 1100 loci influencing bone mineral density (BMD); however, few of the causal genes have been identified. Here, we review approaches that use "-omics" data and genetic- and systems genetics-based analytical strategies to facilitate causal gene discovery. RECENT FINDINGS The bone field is beginning to adopt approaches that are commonplace in other disease disciplines. The slower progress has been due in part to the lack of large-scale "omics" data on bone and bone cells. This is however changing, and approaches such as eQTL colocalization, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs), network, and integrative approaches are beginning to provide significant insight into the genes responsible for BMD GWAS associations. The use of "-omics" data to inform BMD GWASs has increased in recent years, leading to the identification of novel regulators of BMD in humans. The ultimate goal will be to use this information to develop more effective therapies to treat and ultimately prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abood
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 800717, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 800717, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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23
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Loss of Wnt16 Leads to Skeletal Deformities and Downregulation of Bone Developmental Pathway in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136673. [PMID: 34206401 PMCID: PMC8268848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16 (wnt16), is a wnt ligand that participates in the regulation of vertebrate skeletal development. Studies have shown that wnt16 can regulate bone metabolism, but its molecular mechanism remains largely undefined. We obtained the wnt16−/− zebrafish model using the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout screen with 11 bp deletion in wnt16, which led to the premature termination of amino acid translation and significantly reduced wnt16 expression, thus obtaining the wnt16−/− zebrafish model. The expression of wnt16 in bone-related parts was detected via in situ hybridization. The head, spine, and tail exhibited significant deformities, and the bone mineral density and trabecular bone decreased in wnt16−/− using light microscopy and micro-CT analysis. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that the down-regulated DEGs are mainly concentrated in mTOR, FoxO, and VEGF pathways. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed with the detected DEGs. Eight down-regulated DEGs including akt1, bnip4, ptena, vegfaa, twsg1b, prkab1a, prkab1b, and pla2g4f.2 were validated by qRT-PCR and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Overall, our work provides key insights into the influence of wnt16 gene on skeletal development.
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24
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van Spelde AM, Schroeder H, Kjellström A, Lidén K. Approaches to osteoporosis in paleopathology: How did methodology shape bone loss research? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 33:245-257. [PMID: 34044198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper will review how different methods employed to study bone loss in the past were used to explore different questions and aspects of bone loss, how methodology has changed over time, and how these different approaches have informed our understanding of bone loss in the past. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review and discussion is conducted on research protocols and results of 84 paleopathology publications on bone loss in archaeological skeletal collections published between 1969 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS The variety in research protocols confounds accurate meta-analysis of previously published research; however, more recent publications incorporate a combination of bone mass and bone quality based methods. Biased sample selection has resulted in a predominance of European and Medieval publications, limiting more general observations on bone loss in the past. Collection of dietary or paleopathological covariables is underemployed in the effort to interpret bone loss patterns. SIGNIFICANCE Paleopathology publications have demonstrated differences in bone loss between distinct archaeological populations, between sex and age groups, and have suggested factors underlying observed differences. However, a lack of a gold standard has encouraged the use of a wide range of methods. Understanding how this array of methods effects results is crucial in contextualizing our knowledge of bone loss in the past. LIMITATIONS The development of a research protocol is also influenced by available expertise, available equipment, restrictions imposed by the curator, and site-specific taphonomic aspects. These factors will likely continue to cause (minor) biases even if a best practice can be established. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Greater effort to develop uniform terminology and operational definitions of osteoporosis in skeletal remains, as well as the expansion of time scale and geographical areas studied. The Next-Generation Sequencing revolution has also opened up the possibility of ancient DNA analyses to study genetic predisposition to bone loss in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marijn van Spelde
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hannes Schroeder
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Kjellström
- Osteological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lidén
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Fuggle NR, Westbury LD, Bevilacqua G, Titcombe P, Ó Breasail M, Harvey NC, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Ward KA. Level and change in bone microarchitectural parameters and their relationship with previous fracture and established bone mineral density loci. Bone 2021; 147:115937. [PMID: 33766802 PMCID: PMC7611749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is characterised by a reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) and predisposition to fracture. Bone microarchitecture, measured by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), has been related to fragility fractures and BMD and has been the subject of large-scale genome-wide analysis. We investigated whether fracture was related to baseline values and longitudinal changes in bone microarchitecture and whether bone microarchitecture was associated with established BMD loci. METHODS 115 males and 99 females (aged 72-81 at baseline) from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS) were analysed. Fracture history was determined in 2011-2012 by self-report and vertebral fracture assessment. Participants underwent HR-pQCT scans of the distal radius and tibia in 2011-2012 and 2017. Previous fracture in relation to baseline values and changes in tibial HR-pQCT parameters was examined using sex-adjusted logistic regression with and without adjustment for age, sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics; baseline values and changes in parameters associated with previous fracture were then examined in relation to four established BMD loci after adjustment for sex and age. RESULTS Previous fracture was related to: higher trabecular area (fully-adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] per SD greater baseline value: 2.18 [1.27,3.73], p = 0.005); lower total volumetric BMD (0.53 [0.34,0.84], p = 0.007), cortical area (0.53 [0.30,0.95], p = 0.032), cortical BMD (0.56 [0.36,0.88], p = 0.011) and cortical thickness (0.45 [0.27,0.77], p = 0.004); and greater declines in trabecular BMD (p = 0.001). Associations were robust in sex- and fully-adjusted analysis. Relationships between BMD loci and these HR-pQCT parameters were weak: rs3801387 (WNT16) was related to decline in trabecular BMD (p = 0.011) but no other associations were significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Baseline values of HR-pQCT parameters and greater decline in trabecular BMD were associated with fracture. Change in trabecular BMD was associated with WNT16 which has been demonstrated to influence bone health in murine models and human genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Fuggle
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Gregorio Bevilacqua
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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26
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Twelve years of GWAS discoveries for osteoporosis and related traits: advances, challenges and applications. Bone Res 2021; 9:23. [PMID: 33927194 PMCID: PMC8085014 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease, affecting ~200 million people around the world. As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by many factors, including diet (e.g. calcium and protein intake), physical activity, endocrine status, coexisting diseases and genetic factors. In this review, we first summarize the discovery from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the bone field in the last 12 years. To date, GWASs and meta-analyses have discovered hundreds of loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures. However, the GWAS approach has sometimes been criticized because of the small effect size of the discovered variants and the mystery of missing heritability, these two questions could be partially explained by the newly raised conceptual models, such as omnigenic model and natural selection. Finally, we introduce the clinical use of GWAS findings in the bone field, such as the identification of causal clinical risk factors, the development of drug targets and disease prediction. Despite the fruitful GWAS discoveries in the bone field, most of these GWAS participants were of European descent, and more genetic studies should be carried out in other ethnic populations to benefit disease prediction in the corresponding population.
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27
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Song Q, Song J, Li C, Wang Y, Qi L, Wang H. Genetic variants in the FAM3C gene are associated with lipid traits in Chinese children. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:673-678. [PMID: 32316026 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have related FAM3C gene with childhood bone health, and the regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. The present case-control study aimed to analyze the association of FAM3C genetic variants with overweight/obesity and lipid traits among Chinese children. METHODS Two genetic variants (rs7776725 and rs7793554) within the FAM3C gene were genotyped in 3305 Chinese children aged 6-18 years. RESULTS In the whole study population, the T-allele of rs7776725 and A-allele of rs7793554 within the FAM3C gene were associated with 40.2% (95% CI: 11.6-76.1%; P = 0.004) and 29.1% (6.9-56.0%; P = 0.008) increased risk of dyslipidemia, higher triglyceride (P = 0.014 and P = 0.001) and lower HDL-C (P = 0.015 and P = 0.003). In addition, we found that rs7776725 interacted with sex on dyslipidemia (Pfor interaction = 0.004), and sex-stratified analyses showed that it was significantly associated with dyslipidemia only in girls (P = 8.78 × 10-5). The variant also showed nominally significant interactions with sex on total cholesterol and LDL-C (Pfor interaction = 0.012 and 0.008). CONCLUSION We found that FAM3C genetic variants were associated with dyslipidemia and lipid traits among Chinese children. In addition, we found significant gene-by-sex interactions. Our findings provided evidence supporting the role of FAM3C gene in regulating lipid metabolism in humans. IMPACT FAM3C genetic variants were associated with dyslipidemia and lipid traits among Chinese children. In addition, we found significant gene-by-sex interactions. FAM3C/rs7776725 was associated with dyslipidemia and lipid traits only in girls. Our findings provided evidence supporting the role of FAM3C gene in regulating lipid metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyun Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxiong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
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28
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Bay CP, Levy SM, Janz KF, Smith BJ, Shaffer JR, Marazita ML, Burns TL. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Longitudinal Bone Mineral Content Data From the Iowa Bone Development Study. J Clin Densitom 2021; 24:44-54. [PMID: 31668963 PMCID: PMC7098844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The foundation for osteoporosis risk is, in part, established during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, all periods of development when bone mass is acquired rapidly. The relative quantity of bone mass accrued is influenced by both lifestyle and genetic factors, although the genetic component is not yet well understood. The purpose of this study was to use a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with: (1) the sex-specific hip bone mineral content at approximately the age of 19 when the amount of bone accrued is near its peak; and (2) the sex-specific rate of hip bone mineral content accrual during the adolescent growth spurt. The Iowa Bone Development Study, a longitudinal cohort study exploring bone health in children, adolescents, and young adults was the source of data. From this cohort, n = 364 (190 females, 174 males) participants were included in GWA analyses to address (1) and n = 258 participants (125 females and 133 males) were included in GWA analyses to address (2). Twenty SNPS were detected having p < 1.0 × 10-5. Of most biologic relevance were 2 suggestive SNPs (rs2051756 and rs2866908) detected in an intron of the DKK2 gene through the GWA analysis that explored peak bone mass in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden P Bay
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
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29
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Ye W, Wang Y, Hou S, Mei B, Liu X, Huang H, Zhou Q, Niu Y, Chen Y, Zhang M, Huang Q. USF3 modulates osteoporosis risk by targeting WNT16, RANKL, RUNX2, and two GWAS lead SNPs rs2908007 and rs4531631. Hum Mutat 2020; 42:37-49. [PMID: 33058301 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures cause major morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified USF3 as the novel susceptibility gene of osteoporosis. However, the functional role in bone metabolism and the target gene of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor USF3 are unclear. Here, we show that USF3 enhances osteoblast differentiation and suppresses osteoclastogenesis in cultured human osteoblast-like U-2OS cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that transcription factor USF3 antagonistically interacts with anti-osteogenic TWIST1/TCF12 heterodimer in the WNT16 and RUNX2 promoter, and counteracts CREB1 and JUN/FOS in the RANKL promoter. Importantly, the osteoporosis GWAS variant g.1744A>G (rs2908007A>G) located in the WNT16 promoter confers G-allele-specific transcriptional modulation by USF3, TWIST1/TCF12 and TBX5/TBX15, and USF3 transactivates the osteoclastogenesis suppressor WNT16 promoter activity and antagonizes the repression of WNT16 by TWIST1 and TCF12. The risk G allele of osteoporosis GWAS variant g.3260A>G (rs4531631A>G) in the RANKL promoter facilitates the binding of CREB1 and JUN/FOS and enhances transactivation of the osteoclastogenesis contributor RANKL that is inhibited by USF3. Our findings uncovered the functional mechanisms of osteoporosis novel GWAS-associated gene USF3 and lead single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2908007 and rs4531631 in the regulation of bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sasa Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyang Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Kim JM, Lin C, Stavre Z, Greenblatt MB, Shim JH. Osteoblast-Osteoclast Communication and Bone Homeostasis. Cells 2020; 9:E2073. [PMID: 32927921 PMCID: PMC7564526 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is tightly regulated by a cross-talk between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts communicate with each other to regulate cellular behavior, survival and differentiation through direct cell-to-cell contact or through secretory proteins. A direct interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows bidirectional transduction of activation signals through EFNB2-EPHB4, FASL-FAS or SEMA3A-NRP1, regulating differentiation and survival of osteoblasts or osteoclasts. Alternatively, osteoblasts produce a range of different secretory molecules, including M-CSF, RANKL/OPG, WNT5A, and WNT16, that promote or suppress osteoclast differentiation and development. Osteoclasts also influence osteoblast formation and differentiation through secretion of soluble factors, including S1P, SEMA4D, CTHRC1 and C3. Here we review the current knowledge regarding membrane bound- and soluble factors governing cross-talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Chujiao Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zheni Stavre
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
| | - Matthew B. Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; (J.-M.K.); (C.L.); (Z.S.)
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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31
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Bokhari HA, Shaik NA, Banaganapalli B, Nasser KK, Ageel HI, Al Shamrani AS, Rashidi OM, Al Ghubayshi OY, Shaik J, Ahmad A, Alrayes NM, Al-Aama JY, Elango R, Saadah OI. Whole exome sequencing of a Saudi family and systems biology analysis identifies CPED1 as a putative causative gene to Celiac Disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1494-1502. [PMID: 32489286 PMCID: PMC7254030 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a gastrointestinal disorder whose genetic basis is not fully understood. Therefore, we studied a Saudi family with two CD affected siblings to discover the causal genetic defect. Through whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified that both siblings have inherited an extremely rare and deleterious CPED1 genetic variant (c.241 A > G; p.Thr81Ala) segregating as autosomal recessive mutation, suggesting its putative causal role in the CD. Saudi population specific minor allele frequency (MAF) analysis has confirmed its extremely rare prevalence in homozygous condition (MAF is 0.0004). The Sanger sequencing analysis confirmed the absence of this homozygous variant in 100 sporadic Saudi CD cases. Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data has revealed that CPED1 is abundantly expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. By using a combination of systems biology approaches like protein 3D modeling, stability analysis and nucleotide sequence conservation analysis, we have further established that this variant is deleterious to the structural and functional aspects of CPED1 protein. To the best of our knowledge, this variant has not been previously reported in CD or any other gastrointestinal disease. The cell culture and animal model studies could provide further insight into the exact role of CPED1 p.Thr81Ala variant in the pathophysiology of CD. In conclusion, by using WES and systems biology analysis, present study for the first-time reports CPED1 as a potential causative gene for CD in a Saudi family with potential implications to both disease diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifaa A Bokhari
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalidah Khalid Nasser
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Saad Al Shamrani
- Department of Pedidatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omran M Rashidi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jilani Shaik
- Dept of Biochemistry, Genome Research Chair, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Mohammad Alrayes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Yousuf Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ibrahim Saadah
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Hou R, Cole SA, Graff M, Haack K, Laston S, Comuzzie AG, Mehta NR, Ryan K, Cousminer DL, Zemel BS, Grant SFA, Mitchell BD, Shypailo RJ, Gourlay ML, North KE, Butte NF, Voruganti VS. Genetic variants affecting bone mineral density and bone mineral content at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children. Bone 2020; 132:115175. [PMID: 31790847 PMCID: PMC7120871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteoporosis is a major public health burden with significant economic costs. However, the correlates of bone health in Hispanic children are understudied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional genome-wide linkage analysis, genome-wide and exome-wide association analysis of BMD and BMC. The Viva La Familia Study is a family-based cohort with a total of 1030 Hispanic children (4-19 years old at baseline) conducted in Houston, TX. BMD and BMC were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Significant heritability were observed for BMC and BMD at multiple skeletal sites ranging between 44 and 68% (P < 2.8 × 10-9). Significant evidence for linkage was found for BMD of pelvis and left leg on chromosome 7p14, lumbar spine on 20q13 and left rib on 6p21, and BMC of pelvis on chromosome 20q12 and total body on 14q22-23 (logarithm of odds score > 3). We found genome-wide significant association between BMC of right arm and rs762920 at PVALB (P = 4.6 × 10-8), and between pelvis BMD and rs7000615 at PTK2B (P = 7.4 × 10-8). Exome-wide association analysis revealed novel association of variants at MEGF10 and ABRAXAS2 with left arm and lumber spine BMC, respectively (P < 9 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS We identified novel loci associated with BMC and BMD in Hispanic children, with strongest evidence for PTK2B. These findings provide better understanding of bone genetics and shed light on biological mechanisms underlying BMD and BMC variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karin Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Laston
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Nitesh R Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of GI, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roman J Shypailo
- Department of Pediatrics and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margaret L Gourlay
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
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33
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Hendrickx G, Boudin E, Verbeek M, Fransen E, Mortier G, Van Hul W. WNT16 Requires Gα Subunits as Intracellular Partners for Both Its Canonical and Non-Canonical WNT Signalling Activity in Osteoblasts. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:294-302. [PMID: 31760436 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past years, WNT16 became an interesting target in the field of skeletal research, as it was identified as an essential regulator of the cortical bone compartment, with the ability to increase both cortical and trabecular bone mass and strength in vivo. Even though there are indications that these advantageous effects are coming from canonical and non-canonical WNT-signalling activity, a clear model of WNT signalling by WNT16 is not yet depicted. We, therefore, investigated the modulation of canonical (WNT/β-catenin) and non-canonical [WNT/calcium, WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP)] signalling in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 T and SaOS2 cells. Here, we demonstrated that WNT16 activates all WNT-signalling pathways in osteoblasts, whereas only WNT/calcium signalling was activated in HEK293T cells. In osteoblasts, we therefore, additionally investigated the role of Gα subunits as intracellular partners in WNT16's mechanism of action by performing knockdown of Gα12, Gα13 and Gαq. These studies point out that the above-mentioned Gα subunits might be involved in the WNT/β-catenin and WNT/calcium-signalling activity by WNT16 in osteoblasts, and for Gα12 in its WNT/PCP-signalling activity, illustrating a novel possible mechanism of interplay between the different WNT-signalling pathways in osteoblasts. Additional studies are needed to demonstrate whether this mechanism is specific for WNT16 signalling or relevant for all other WNT ligands as well. Altogether, we further defined WNT16's mechanism of action in osteoblasts that might underlie the well-known beneficial effects of WNT16 on skeletal homeostasis. These findings on WNT16 and the activity of specific Gα subunits in osteoblasts could definitely contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fragility fractures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marinus Verbeek
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, Edegem, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium.
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34
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Inducible expression of Wnt7b promotes bone formation in aged mice and enhances fracture healing. Bone Res 2020; 8:4. [PMID: 32047703 PMCID: PMC6997361 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There remain unmet clinical needs for safe and effective bone anabolic therapies to treat aging-related osteoporosis and to improve fracture healing in cases of nonunion or delayed union. Wnt signaling has emerged as a promising target pathway for developing novel bone anabolic drugs. Although neutralizing antibodies against the Wnt antagonist sclerostin have been tested, Wnt ligands themselves have not been fully explored as a potential therapy. Previous work has demonstrated Wnt7b as an endogenous ligand upregulated during osteoblast differentiation, and that Wnt7b overexpression potently stimulates bone accrual in the mouse. The earlier studies however did not address whether Wnt7b could promote bone formation when specifically applied to aged or fractured bones. Here we have developed a doxycycline-inducible strategy where Wnt7b is temporally induced in the bones of aged mice or during fracture healing. We report that forced expression of Wnt7b for 1 month starting at 15 months of age greatly stimulated trabecular and endosteal bone formation, resulting in a marked increase in bone mass. We further tested the effect of Wnt7b on bone healing in a murine closed femur fracture model. Induced expression of Wnt7b at the onset of fracture did not affect the initial cartilage formation but promoted mineralization of the subsequent bone callus. Thus, targeted delivery of Wnt7b to aged bones or fracture sites may be explored as a potential therapy.
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35
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Miyazaki A, Sugimoto A, Yoshizaki K, Kawarabayashi K, Iwata K, Kurogoushi R, Kitamura T, Otsuka K, Hasegawa T, Akazawa Y, Fukumoto S, Ishimaru N, Iwamoto T. Coordination of WNT signaling and ciliogenesis during odontogenesis by piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14762. [PMID: 31611621 PMCID: PMC6791893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transmission from the mechanical forces to the various intracellular activities is a fundamental process during tissue development. Despite their critical role, the mechanism of mechanical forces in the biological process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that in the response to hydrostatic pressure (HP), the piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) is a primary mechanosensing receptor for odontoblast differentiation through coordination of the WNT expression and ciliogenesis. In stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), HP significantly promoted calcium deposition as well as the expression of odontogenic marker genes, PANX3 and DSPP, and WNT related-genes including WNT5b and WNT16, whereas HP inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced primary cilia expression. WNT signaling inhibitor XAV939 and primary cilia inhibitor chloral hydrate blocked the HP-induced calcium deposition. The PIEZO1 activator Yoda1 inhibited cell proliferation but induced ciliogenesis and WNT16 expression. Interestingly, HP and Yoda1 promoted nuclear translocation of RUNX2, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of PIEZO1 decreased HP-induced nuclear translocation of RUNX2. Taken together, these results suggest that PIEZO1 functions as a mechanotransducer that connects HP signal to the intracellular signalings during odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Asuna Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Kawarabayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kokoro Iwata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Rika Kurogoushi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kitamura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yuki Akazawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
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Kwon RY, Watson CJ, Karasik D. Using zebrafish to study skeletal genomics. Bone 2019; 126:37-50. [PMID: 30763636 PMCID: PMC6626559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized our understanding of the genetic architecture of skeletal diseases, animal models are required to identify causal mechanisms and to translate underlying biology into new therapies. Despite large-scale knockout mouse phenotyping efforts, the skeletal functions of most genes residing at GWAS-identified loci remain unknown, highlighting a need for complementary model systems to accelerate gene discovery. Over the past several decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful system for modeling the genetics of human diseases. In this review, our goal is to outline evidence supporting the utility of zebrafish for accelerating our understanding of human skeletal genomics, as well as gaps in knowledge that need to be filled for this purpose. We do this by providing a basic foundation of the zebrafish skeletal morphophysiology and phenotypes, and surveying evidence of skeletal gene homology and the use of zebrafish for post-GWAS analysis in other tissues and organs. We also outline challenges in translating zebrafish mutant phenotypes. Finally, we conclude with recommendations of future directions and how to leverage the large body of tools and knowledge of skeletal genetics in zebrafish for the needs of human skeletal genomic exploration. Due to their amenability to rapid genetic approaches, as well as the large number of conserved genetic and phenotypic features, there is a strong rationale supporting the use of zebrafish for human skeletal genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Y Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Claire J Watson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA.
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37
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Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F. The genetic architecture of osteoporosis and fracture risk. Bone 2019; 126:2-10. [PMID: 30980960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and fracture risk are common complex diseases, caused by an interaction of numerous disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. With the advances in genomic technologies, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed which have broadened our understanding of the genetic architecture and biological mechanisms of complex disease. Currently, more than ~90 loci have been found associated with DXA derived bone mineral density (BMD), over ~500 loci with heel estimated BMD and several others with other less widely available bone parameters such as bone geometry, shape, and microarchitecture. Notably, several of the pathways identified by the GWAS efforts correspond to pathways that are currently targeted for the treatment of osteoporosis. Overall, tremendous progress in the field of the genetics of osteoporosis has been achieved with the discovery of WNT16, EN1, DAAM2, and GPC6 among others. Assessment of the function and biological mechanisms of the remaining genes may further untangle the complex genetic landscape of osteoporosis and fracture risk. With this review we aimed to provide a general overview of the existing GWAS studies on osteoporosis traits and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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38
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Wang H, Zhang F, Zeng J, Wu Y, Kemper KE, Xue A, Zhang M, Powell JE, Goddard ME, Wray NR, Visscher PM, McRae AF, Yang J. Genotype-by-environment interactions inferred from genetic effects on phenotypic variability in the UK Biobank. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3538. [PMID: 31453325 PMCID: PMC6693916 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) is a fundamental component in understanding complex trait variation. However, it remains challenging to identify genetic variants with GEI effects in humans largely because of the small effect sizes and the difficulty of monitoring environmental fluctuations. Here, we demonstrate that GEI can be inferred from genetic variants associated with phenotypic variability in a large sample without the need of measuring environmental factors. We performed a genome-wide variance quantitative trait locus (vQTL) analysis of ~5.6 million variants on 348,501 unrelated individuals of European ancestry for 13 quantitative traits in the UK Biobank and identified 75 significant vQTLs with P < 2.0 × 10-9 for 9 traits, especially for those related to obesity. Direct GEI analysis with five environmental factors showed that the vQTLs were strongly enriched with GEI effects. Our results indicate pervasive GEI effects for obesity-related traits and demonstrate the detection of GEI without environmental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanwei Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Futao Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Kemper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angli Xue
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael E. Goddard
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Biosciences Research Division, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter M. Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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Brommage R, Powell DR, Vogel P. Predicting human disease mutations and identifying drug targets from mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm038224. [PMID: 31064765 PMCID: PMC6550044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two large-scale mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns have provided extensive data on the functions of thousands of mammalian genes. The ongoing International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), with the goal of examining all ∼20,000 mouse genes, has examined 5115 genes since 2011, and phenotypic data from several analyses are available on the IMPC website (www.mousephenotype.org). Mutant mice having at least one human genetic disease-associated phenotype are available for 185 IMPC genes. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals' Genome5000™ campaign performed similar analyses between 2000 and the end of 2008 focusing on the druggable genome, including enzymes, receptors, transporters, channels and secreted proteins. Mutants (4654 genes, with 3762 viable adult homozygous lines) with therapeutically interesting phenotypes were studied extensively. Importantly, phenotypes for 29 Lexicon mouse gene knockouts were published prior to observations of similar phenotypes resulting from homologous mutations in human genetic disorders. Knockout mouse phenotypes for an additional 30 genes mimicked previously published human genetic disorders. Several of these models have helped develop effective treatments for human diseases. For example, studying Tph1 knockout mice (lacking peripheral serotonin) aided the development of telotristat ethyl, an approved treatment for carcinoid syndrome. Sglt1 (also known as Slc5a1) and Sglt2 (also known as Slc5a2) knockout mice were employed to develop sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor having success in clinical trials for diabetes. Clinical trials evaluating inhibitors of AAK1 (neuropathic pain) and SGLT1 (diabetes) are underway. The research community can take advantage of these unbiased analyses of gene function in mice, including the minimally studied 'ignorome' genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - David R Powell
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Pathology, MS 250, Room C5036A, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Yuan J, Tickner J, Mullin BH, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Morahan G, Xu J. Advanced Genetic Approaches in Discovery and Characterization of Genes Involved With Osteoporosis in Mouse and Human. Front Genet 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31001327 PMCID: PMC6455049 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex condition with contributions from, and interactions between, multiple genetic loci and environmental factors. This review summarizes key advances in the application of genetic approaches for the identification of osteoporosis susceptibility genes. Genome-wide linkage analysis (GWLA) is the classical approach for identification of genes that cause monogenic diseases; however, it has shown limited success for complex diseases like osteoporosis. In contrast, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified over 200 osteoporosis susceptibility loci with genome-wide significance, and have provided most of the candidate genes identified to date. Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) apply a phenotype-to-genotype approach which can be used to complement GWAS. PheWAS is capable of characterizing the association between osteoporosis and uncommon and rare genetic variants. Another alternative approach, whole genome sequencing (WGS), will enable the discovery of uncommon and rare genetic variants in osteoporosis. Meta-analysis with increasing statistical power can offer greater confidence in gene searching through the analysis of combined results across genetic studies. Recently, new approaches to gene discovery include animal phenotype based models such as the Collaborative Cross and ENU mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis and genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs and ZNFs have been used in functional analysis of candidate genes in vitro and in vivo. These resources are revolutionizing the identification of osteoporosis susceptibility genes through the use of genetically defined inbred mouse libraries, which are screened for bone phenotypes that are then correlated with known genetic variation. Identification of osteoporosis-related susceptibility genes by genetic approaches enables further characterization of gene function in animal models, with the ultimate aim being the identification of novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyu Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Chen H, Ji X, Lee WC, Shi Y, Li B, Abel ED, Jiang D, Huang W, Long F. Increased glycolysis mediates Wnt7b-induced bone formation. FASEB J 2019; 33:7810-7821. [PMID: 30913395 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900201rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling has emerged as a major mechanism for promoting bone formation and a target pathway for developing bone anabolic agents against osteoporosis. However, the downstream events mediating the potential therapeutic effect of Wnt proteins are not fully understood. Previous studies have indicated that increased glycolysis is associated with osteoblast differentiation in response to Wnt signaling, but direct genetic evidence for the importance of glucose metabolism in Wnt-induced bone formation is lacking. Here, we have generated compound transgenic mice to overexpress Wnt family member 7B (Wnt7b) transiently in the osteoblast lineage of postnatal mice, with or without concurrent deletion of the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1. Overexpression of Wnt7b in 1-mo-old mice for 1 wk markedly stimulated bone formation, but the effect was essentially abolished without Glut1, even though transient deletion of Glut1 itself did not affect normal bone accrual. Consistent with the in vivo results, Wnt7b increased Glut1 expression and glucose consumption in the primary culture of osteoblast lineage cells, and deletion of Glut1 diminished osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Thus, Wnt7b promotes bone formation in part through stimulating glucose metabolism in osteoblast lineage cells.-Chen, H., Ji, X., Lee, W.-C., Shi, Y., Li, B., Abel, E. D., Jiang, D., Huang, W., Long, F. Increased glycolysis mediates Wnt7b-induced bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Boer Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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42
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Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Hennis PJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Day SH, Stebbings GK. The interactions of physical activity, exercise and genetics and their associations with bone mineral density: implications for injury risk in elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:29-47. [PMID: 30377780 PMCID: PMC6342881 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is established as a primary predictor of osteoporotic risk and can also have substantial implications for athlete health and injury risk in the elite sporting environment. BMD is a highly multi-factorial phenotype influenced by diet, hormonal characteristics and physical activity. The interrelationships between such factors, and a strong genetic component, suggested to be around 50-85% at various anatomical sites, determine skeletal health throughout life. Genome-wide association studies and case-control designs have revealed many loci associated with variation in BMD. However, a number of the candidate genes identified at these loci have no known associated biological function or have yet to be replicated in subsequent investigations. Furthermore, few investigations have considered gene-environment interactions-in particular, whether specific genes may be sensitive to mechanical loading from physical activity and the outcome of such an interaction for BMD and potential injury risk. Therefore, this review considers the importance of physical activity on BMD, genetic associations with BMD and how subsequent investigation requires consideration of the interaction between these determinants. Future research using well-defined independent cohorts such as elite athletes, who experience much greater mechanical stress than most, to study such phenotypes, can provide a greater understanding of these factors as well as the biological underpinnings of such a physiologically "extreme" population. Subsequently, modification of training, exercise or rehabilitation programmes based on genetic characteristics could have substantial implications in both the sporting and public health domains once the fundamental research has been conducted successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Herbert
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Philip J. Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Robert M. Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Stephen H. Day
- Department of Biomedical Science & Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
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43
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Mechanoactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathways in health and disease. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:701-712. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces play an important role in regulating tissue development and homeostasis in multiple cell types including bone, joint, epithelial and vascular cells, and are also implicated in the development of diseases, e.g. osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Defining the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical forces therefore has important implications for our understanding of tissue function in health and disease and may lead to the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention. Mechanoactivation of the Wnt signalling pathway was first identified in osteoblasts with a key role for β-catenin demonstrated in loading-induced osteogenesis. Since then, mechanoregulation of the Wnt pathway has also been observed in stem cells, epithelium, chondrocytes and vascular and lymphatic endothelium. Wnt can signal through both canonical and non-canonical pathways, and evidence suggests that both can mediate responses to mechanical strain, stretch and shear stress. This review will discuss our current understanding of the activation of the Wnt pathway in response to mechanical forces.
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44
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Maynard RD, Godfrey DA, Medina-Gomez C, Ackert-Bicknell CL. Characterization of expression and alternative splicing of the gene cadherin-like and PC esterase domain containing 1 (Cped1). Gene 2018; 674:127-133. [PMID: 29935354 PMCID: PMC6201759 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadherin-like and PC-esterase domain containing 1 (CPED1) is an uncharacterized gene with no known function. Human genome wide association studies (GWAS) for bone mineral density (BMD) have repeatedly identified a significant locus on Chromosome 7 that contains the gene CPED1, but it remains unclear if this gene could be causative. While an open reading frame for this gene has been predicted, there has been no systematic exploration of expression or alternate splicing for CPED1 in humans or mice.Using mouse models, we demonstrate that Cped1 is alternately spliced whereby transcripts are generated with exon 3 or exons 16 and 17 removed. In calvarial-derived pre-osteoblasts, Cped1 utilizes the predicted promoter upstream of exon 1 as well as alternate promoters upstream of exon 3 and exon 12.Lastly, we have determined that some transcripts terminate at the end of exon 10 and therefore do not contain the cadherin like and the PC esterase domains.Together, these data suggest that multiple protein products may be produced by this gene, with some products either lacking or containing both the predicted functional domains. Our data provide a framework upon which future functional studies will be built to understand the role of this gene in bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Maynard
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Dana A Godfrey
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
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Wu S, Zhang M, Yang X, Peng F, Zhang J, Tan J, Yang Y, Wang L, Hu Y, Peng Q, Li J, Liu Y, Guan Y, Chen C, Hamer MA, Nijsten T, Zeng C, Adhikari K, Gallo C, Poletti G, Schuler-Faccini L, Bortolini MC, Canizales-Quinteros S, Rothhammer F, Bedoya G, González-José R, Li H, Krutmann J, Liu F, Kayser M, Ruiz-Linares A, Tang K, Xu S, Zhang L, Jin L, Wang S. Genome-wide association studies and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing identify regulatory variants influencing eyebrow thickness in humans. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007640. [PMID: 30248107 PMCID: PMC6171961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair plays an important role in primates and is clearly subject to adaptive selection. While humans have lost most facial hair, eyebrows are a notable exception. Eyebrow thickness is heritable and widely believed to be subject to sexual selection. Nevertheless, few genomic studies have explored its genetic basis. Here, we performed a genome-wide scan for eyebrow thickness in 2961 Han Chinese. We identified two new loci of genome-wide significance, at 3q26.33 near SOX2 (rs1345417: P = 6.51×10(-10)) and at 5q13.2 near FOXD1 (rs12651896: P = 1.73×10(-8)). We further replicated our findings in the Uyghurs, a population from China characterized by East Asian-European admixture (N = 721), the CANDELA cohort from five Latin American countries (N = 2301), and the Rotterdam Study cohort of Dutch Europeans (N = 4411). A meta-analysis combining the full GWAS results from the three cohorts of full or partial Asian descent (Han Chinese, Uyghur and Latin Americans, N = 5983) highlighted a third signal of genome-wide significance at 2q12.3 (rs1866188: P = 5.81×10(-11)) near EDAR. We performed fine-mapping and prioritized four variants for further experimental verification. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing provided evidence that rs1345417 and rs12651896 affect the transcriptional activity of the nearby SOX2 and FOXD1 genes, which are both involved in hair development. Finally, suitable statistical analyses revealed that none of the associated variants showed clear signals of selection in any of the populations tested. Contrary to popular speculation, we found no evidence that eyebrow thickness is subject to strong selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Manfei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- SIBS (Institute of Health Sciences) Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Research, Institutes for Translational Research (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai, China
| | - Fuduan Peng
- Key laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqun Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Merel A. Hamer
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changqing Zeng
- Key laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Maria-Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre Brasil
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | | | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rolando González-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Fan Liu
- Key laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming China
| | - Liang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- SIBS (Institute of Health Sciences) Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Research, Institutes for Translational Research (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming China
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Trajanoska K, Morris JA, Oei L, Zheng HF, Evans DM, Kiel DP, Ohlsson C, Richards JB, Rivadeneira F. Assessment of the genetic and clinical determinants of fracture risk: genome wide association and mendelian randomisation study. BMJ 2018; 362:k3225. [PMID: 30158200 PMCID: PMC6113773 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic determinants of fracture risk and assess the role of 15 clinical risk factors on osteoporotic fracture risk. DESIGN Meta-analysis of genome wide association studies (GWAS) and a two-sample mendelian randomisation approach. SETTING 25 cohorts from Europe, United States, east Asia, and Australia with genome wide genotyping and fracture data. PARTICIPANTS A discovery set of 37 857 fracture cases and 227 116 controls; with replication in up to 147 200 fracture cases and 150 085 controls. Fracture cases were defined as individuals (>18 years old) who had fractures at any skeletal site confirmed by medical, radiological, or questionnaire reports. Instrumental variable analyses were performed to estimate effects of 15 selected clinical risk factors for fracture in a two-sample mendelian randomisation framework, using the largest previously published GWAS meta-analysis of each risk factor. RESULTS Of 15 fracture associated loci identified, all were also associated with bone mineral density and mapped to genes clustering in pathways known to be critical to bone biology (eg, SOST, WNT16, and ESR1) or novel pathways (FAM210A, GRB10, and ETS2). Mendelian randomisation analyses showed a clear effect of bone mineral density on fracture risk. One standard deviation decrease in genetically determined bone mineral density of the femoral neck was associated with a 55% increase in fracture risk (odds ratio 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.48 to 1.63; P=1.5×10-68). Hand grip strength was inversely associated with fracture risk, but this result was not significant after multiple testing correction. The remaining clinical risk factors (including vitamin D levels) showed no evidence for an effect on fracture. CONCLUSIONS This large scale GWAS meta-analysis for fracture identified 15 genetic determinants of fracture, all of which also influenced bone mineral density. Among the clinical risk factors for fracture assessed, only bone mineral density showed a major causal effect on fracture. Genetic predisposition to lower levels of vitamin D and estimated calcium intake from dairy sources were not associated with fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - John A Morris
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- DaP Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University and Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Aging Research and the Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - David M Evans
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Martínez-Gil N, Roca-Ayats N, Monistrol-Mula A, García-Giralt N, Díez-Pérez A, Nogués X, Mellibovsky L, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Common and rare variants of WNT16, DKK1 and SOST and their relationship with bone mineral density. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10951. [PMID: 30026596 PMCID: PMC6053384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous GWAS and candidate gene studies have highlighted the role of the Wnt pathway in bone biology. Our objective has been to study in detail the allelic architecture of three Wnt pathway genes: WNT16, DKK1 and SOST, in the context of osteoporosis. We have resequenced the coding and some regulatory regions of these three genes in two groups with extreme bone mineral density (BMD) (n = ∼50, each) from the BARCOS cohort. No interesting novel variants were identified. Thirteen predicted functional variants have been genotyped in the full cohort (n = 1490), and for ten of them (with MAF > 0.01), the association with BMD has been studied. We have found six variants nominally associated with BMD, of which 2 WNT16 variants predicted to be eQTLs for FAM3C (rs55710688, in the Kozak sequence and rs142005327, within a putative enhancer) withstood multiple-testing correction. In addition, two rare variants in functional regions (rs190011371 in WNT16b 3′UTR and rs570754792 in the SOST TATA box) were found only present in three women each, all with BMD below the mean of the cohort. Our results reinforce the higher importance of regulatory versus coding variants in these Wnt pathway genes and open new ways for functional studies of the relevant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Martínez-Gil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Roca-Ayats
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Monistrol-Mula
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia García-Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo Díez-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain.
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Global gene expression analysis identifies Mef2c as a potential player in Wnt16-mediated transcriptional regulation. Gene 2018; 675:312-321. [PMID: 29981832 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Wnt16 is a major Wnt ligand involved in the regulation of postnatal bone homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that Wnt16 promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption, suggesting that this molecule could be targeted for therapeutic interventions to treat bone thinning disorders such as osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt16 regulates bone metabolism is not yet fully understood. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt16 promotes bone formation and to identify the target genes regulated by Wnt16 in osteoblasts, we treated calvarial osteoblasts purified from C57Bl/6 mice with recombinant Wnt16 and profiled the gene expression changes by RNA-seq at 24 h post-treatment. We also compared gene expression profiles of Wnt16-treated osteoblasts to canonical Wnt3a- and non-canonical Wnt5a-treated osteoblasts. This study identified 576 genes differentially expressed in Wnt16-treated osteoblasts compared to sham-treated controls; these included several members of Wnt pathway (Wnt2b, Wnt7b, Wnt11, Axin2, Sfrp2, Sfrp4, Fzd5 etc.) and TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway (Bmp7, Inhba, Inhbb, Tgfb2 etc.). Wnt16 also regulated a large number of genes with known bone phenotypes. We also found that about 37% (215/576) of the Wnt16 targets overlapped with Wnt3a targets and ~15% (86/576) overlapped with Wnt5a targets, suggesting that Wnt16 activates both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling targets in osteoblasts. Transcription factor binding motif enrichment analysis in the promoter regions of Wnt16 targets identified noncanonical Wnt/JNK pathway activated transcription factors Fosl2 and Fosl1 as two of the most significantly enriched transcription factors associated with genes activated by Wnt16 while Mef2c was the most significantly enriched transcription factor associated with genes repressed by Wnt16. We also found that a large number of Mef2c targets overlapped with genes down-regulated by Wnt16 and Mef2c itself was transcriptionally repressed by Wnt16 suggesting that Mef2c plays a role in Wnt16-mediated transcriptional regulation.
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Glucocorticoids suppress Wnt16 expression in osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8711. [PMID: 29880826 PMCID: PMC5992207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is a frequent complication of systemic glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and mainly characterized by suppressed osteoblast activity. Wnt16 derived from osteogenic cells is a key determinant of bone mass. Here, we assessed whether GC suppress bone formation via inhibiting Wnt16 expression. GC treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) decreased Wnt16 mRNA levels in murine bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) time- and dose-dependently. Similarly, Wnt16 expression was also suppressed after DEX treatment in calvarial organ cultures. Consistently, mice receiving GC-containing slow-release prednisolone pellets showed lower skeletal Wnt16 mRNA levels and bone mineral density than placebo-treated mice. The suppression of Wnt16 by GCs was GC-receptor-dependent as co-treatment of mBMSCs with DEX and the GR antagonist RU-486 abrogated the GC-mediated suppression of Wnt16. Likewise, DEX failed to suppress Wnt16 expression in GR knockout-mBMSCs. In addition, Wnt16 mRNA levels were unaltered in bone tissue of GC-treated GR dimerization-defective GRdim mice, suggesting that GCs suppress Wnt16 via direct DNA-binding mechanisms. Consistently, DEX treatment reduced Wnt16 promoter activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Finally, recombinant Wnt16 restored DEX-induced suppression of bone formation in mouse calvaria. Thus, this study identifies Wnt16 as a novel target of GC action in GC-induced suppression of bone formation.
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Kobayashi Y, Uehara S, Udagawa N. Roles of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in bone resorption. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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