1
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Bu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li L, Yan L, Wang Y, Zhao S. Ras promotes germline stem cell division in Drosophila ovaries. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:1205-1216. [PMID: 39029459 PMCID: PMC11368681 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ras family genes are proto-oncogenes that are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans. In Drosophila, RasV12 is a constitutively activated form of the Ras oncoprotein, and its function in cell-cycle progression is context dependent. However, how it influences the cell cycle of female germline stem cells (GSCs) still remains unknown. Using both wild-type GSCs and bam mutant GSC-like cells as model systems, here we determined that RasV12 overexpression promotes GSC division, not growth, opposite to that in somatic wing disc cells. Ras performs this function through activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. This signaling is activated specifically in the M phase of mitotic germ cells, including both wild-type GSCs and bam mutant GSC-like cells. Furthermore, RasV12 overexpression triggers polyploid nurse cells to die through inducing mitotic stress. Given the similarities between Drosophila and mammalian GSCs, we propose that the Ras/MAPK signaling also promotes mammalian GSC division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenan Bu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Yan
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejia Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang P, Pronovost SM, Marchetti M, Zhang C, Kang X, Kandelouei T, Li C, Edgar BA. Inter-cell type interactions that control JNK signaling in the Drosophila intestine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5493. [PMID: 38944657 PMCID: PMC11214625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JNK signaling is a critical regulator of inflammation and regeneration, but how it is controlled in specific tissue contexts remains unclear. Here we show that, in the Drosophila intestine, the TNF-type ligand, Eiger (Egr), is expressed exclusively by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and enteroblasts (EBs), where it is induced by stress and during aging. Egr preferentially activates JNK signaling in a paracrine fashion in differentiated enterocytes (ECs) via its receptor, Grindelwald (Grnd). N-glycosylation genes (Alg3, Alg9) restrain this activation, and stress-induced downregulation of Alg3 and Alg9 correlates with JNK activation, suggesting a regulatory switch. JNK activity in ECs induces expression of the intermembrane protease Rhomboid (Rho), driving secretion of EGFR ligands Keren (Krn) and Spitz (Spi), which in turn activate EGFR signaling in progenitor cells (ISCs and EBs) to stimulate their growth and division, as well as to produce more Egr. This study uncovers an N-glycosylation-controlled, paracrine JNK-EGFR-JNK feedforward loop that sustains ISC proliferation during stress-induced gut regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Stephen M Pronovost
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Marco Marchetti
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Chenge Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Kang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Tahmineh Kandelouei
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Li
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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3
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Church SJ, Pulianmackal AJ, Dixon JA, Loftus LV, Amend SR, Pienta K, Cackowski FC, Buttitta LA. Oncogenic signaling in the adult Drosophila prostate-like accessory gland leads to activation of a conserved pro-tumorigenic program, in the absence of proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593549. [PMID: 38853988 PMCID: PMC11160766 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila models for tumorigenesis and metastasis have revealed conserved mechanisms of signaling that are also involved in mammalian cancer. Many of these models use the proliferating tissues of the larval stages of Drosophila development, when tissues are highly mitotically active, or stem cells are abundant. Fewer Drosophila tumorigenesis models use adult animals to initiate tumor formation when many tissues are largely terminally differentiated and postmitotic. The Drosophila accessory glands are prostate-like tissues and a model for some aspects of prostate tumorigenesis using this tissue has been explored. In this model, oncogenic signaling was induced during the proliferative stage of accessory gland development, raising the question of how oncogenic activity would impact the terminally differentiated and postmitotic adult tissue. Here, we show that oncogenic signaling in the adult Drosophila accessory gland leads to activation of a conserved pro-tumorigenic program, similar to that observed in mitotic larval tissues, but in the absence of proliferation. Oncogenic signaling in the adult postmitotic gland leads to tissue hyperplasia with nuclear anaplasia and aneuploidy through endoreduplication, which increases polyploidy and occasionally results in non-mitotic neoplastic-like extrusions. We compare gene expression changes in our Drosophila model with that of endocycling prostate cancer cells induced by chemotherapy, which potentially mediate tumor recurrence after treatment. Similar signaling pathways are activated in the Drosophila gland and endocycling cancer cells, suggesting the adult accessory glands provide a useful model for aspects of prostate cancer progression that do not involve cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jaimian Church
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ajai J. Pulianmackal
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph A. Dixon
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Luke V. Loftus
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth Pienta
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Frank C. Cackowski
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI
| | - Laura A. Buttitta
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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4
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Kurogi Y, Mizuno Y, Kamiyama T, Niwa R. The intestinal stem cell/enteroblast-GAL4 driver, escargot-GAL4, also manipulates gene expression in the juvenile hormone-synthesizing organ of Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9631. [PMID: 38671036 PMCID: PMC11053112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, offer an excellent genetic model to explore homeostatic roles of ISCs in animal physiology. Among available genetic tools, the escargot (esg)-GAL4 driver, expressing the yeast transcription factor gene, GAL4, under control of the esg gene promoter, has contributed significantly to ISC studies. This driver facilitates activation of genes of interest in proximity to a GAL4-binding element, Upstream Activating Sequence, in ISCs and progenitor enteroblasts (EBs). While esg-GAL4 has been considered an ISC/EB-specific driver, recent studies have shown that esg-GAL4 is also active in other tissues, such as neurons and ovaries. Therefore, the ISC/EB specificity of esg-GAL4 is questionable. In this study, we reveal esg-GAL4 expression in the corpus allatum (CA), responsible for juvenile hormone (JH) production. When driving the oncogenic gene, RasV12, esg-GAL4 induces overgrowth in ISCs/EBs as reported, but also increases CA cell number and size. Consistent with this observation, animals alter expression of JH-response genes. Our data show that esg-GAL4-driven gene manipulation can systemically influence JH-mediated animal physiology, arguing for cautious use of esg-GAL4 as a "specific" ISC/EB driver to examine ISC/EB-mediated animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Kurogi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mizuno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamiyama
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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5
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Zeng B, Knapp EM, Skaritanov E, Oramas R, Sun J. ETS transcription factors regulate precise matrix metalloproteinase expression and follicle rupture in Drosophila. Development 2024; 151:dev202276. [PMID: 38345299 PMCID: PMC10946439 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is specifically expressed in posterior follicle cells of stage-14 egg chambers (mature follicles) and is crucial for the breakdown of the follicular wall during ovulation, a process that is highly conserved from flies to mammals. The factors that regulate spatiotemporal expression of MMP2 in follicle cells remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate crucial roles for the ETS-family transcriptional activator Pointed (Pnt) and its endogenous repressor Yan in the regulation of MMP2 expression. We found that Pnt is expressed in posterior follicle cells and overlaps with MMP2 expression in mature follicles. Genetic analysis demonstrated that pnt is both required and sufficient for MMP2 expression in follicle cells. In addition, Yan was temporally upregulated in stage-13 follicle cells to fine-tune Pnt activity and MMP2 expression. Furthermore, we identified a 1.1 kb core enhancer that is responsible for the spatiotemporal expression of MMP2 and contains multiple pnt/yan binding motifs. Mutation of pnt/yan binding sites significantly impaired the Mmp2 enhancer activity. Our data reveal a mechanism of transcriptional regulation of Mmp2 expression in Drosophila ovulation, which could be conserved in other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Zeng
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Knapp
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ekaterina Skaritanov
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rebecca Oramas
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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6
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Maharjan S, Kirk RS, Lawton SP, Walker AJ. Human growth factor-mediated signalling through lipid rafts regulates stem cell proliferation, development and survival of Schistosoma mansoni. Open Biol 2024; 14:230262. [PMID: 38195062 PMCID: PMC10776228 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms by which schistosomes grow and develop in humans are poorly defined, their unique outer tegument layer, which interfaces with host blood, is considered vital to homeostasis of the parasite. Here, we investigated the importance of tegument lipid rafts to the biology of Schistosoma mansoni in the context of host-parasite interactions. We demonstrate the temporal clustering of lipid rafts in response to human epidermal growth factor (EGF) during early somule development, concomitant with the localization of anteriorly orientated EGF receptors (EGFRs) and insulin receptors, mapped using fluorescent EGF/insulin ligand. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD)-mediated depletion of cholesterol from lipid rafts abrogated the EGFR/IR binding at the parasite surface and led to modulation of protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling pathways within the parasite. Furthermore, MβCD-mediated lipid raft disruption, and blockade of EGFRs using canertinib, profoundly reduced somule motility and survival, and attenuated stem cell proliferation and somule growth and development particularly to the fast-growing liver stage. These findings provide a novel paradigm for schistosome development and vitality in the host, driven through host-parasite interactions at the tegument, that might be exploitable for developing innovative therapeutic approaches to combat human schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Maharjan
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Ruth S. Kirk
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Scott P. Lawton
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, SRUC School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Anthony J. Walker
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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7
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Khanbabei A, Segura L, Petrossian C, Lemus A, Cano I, Frazier C, Halajyan A, Ca D, Loza-Coll M. Experimental validation and characterization of putative targets of Escargot and STAT, two master regulators of the intestinal stem cells in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 2024; 505:148-163. [PMID: 37952851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Many organs contain adult stem cells (ASCs) to replace cells due to damage, disease, or normal tissue turnover. ASCs can divide asymmetrically, giving rise to a new copy of themselves (self-renewal) and a sister that commits to a specific cell type (differentiation). Decades of research have led to the identification of pleiotropic genes whose loss or gain of function affect diverse aspects of normal ASC biology. Genome-wide screens of these so-called genetic "master regulator" (MR) genes, have pointed to hundreds of putative targets that could serve as their downstream effectors. Here, we experimentally validate and characterize the regulation of several putative targets of Escargot (Esg) and the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat92E, a.k.a. STAT), two known MRs in Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Our results indicate that regardless of bioinformatic predictions, most experimentally validated targets show a profile of gene expression that is consistent with co-regulation by both Esg and STAT, fitting a rather limited set of co-regulatory modalities. A bioinformatic analysis of proximal regulatory sequences in specific subsets of co-regulated targets identified additional transcription factors that might cooperate with Esg and STAT in modulating their transcription. Lastly, in vivo manipulations of validated targets rarely phenocopied the effects of manipulating Esg and STAT, suggesting the existence of complex genetic interactions among downstream targets of these two MR genes during ISC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Khanbabei
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Lina Segura
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Cynthia Petrossian
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Aaron Lemus
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Ithan Cano
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Courtney Frazier
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Armen Halajyan
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Donnie Ca
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Mariano Loza-Coll
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA.
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8
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Abidi SNF, Hsu FTY, Smith-Bolton RK. Regenerative growth is constrained by brain tumor to ensure proper patterning in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011103. [PMID: 38127821 PMCID: PMC10769103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Some animals respond to injury by inducing new growth to regenerate the lost structures. This regenerative growth must be carefully controlled and constrained to prevent aberrant growth and to allow correct organization of the regenerating tissue. However, the factors that restrict regenerative growth have not been identified. Using a genetic ablation system in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, we have identified one mechanism that constrains regenerative growth, impairment of which also leads to erroneous patterning of the final appendage. Regenerating discs with reduced levels of the RNA-regulator Brain tumor (Brat) exhibit enhanced regeneration, but produce adult wings with disrupted margins that are missing extensive tracts of sensory bristles. In these mutants, aberrantly high expression of the pro-growth factor Myc and its downstream targets likely contributes to this loss of cell-fate specification. Thus, Brat constrains the expression of pro-regeneration genes and ensures that the regenerating tissue forms the proper final structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nayab Fatima Abidi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Felicity Ting-Yu Hsu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rachel K. Smith-Bolton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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9
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Zhou J, Boutros M. Intestinal stem cells and their niches in homeostasis and disease. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203862. [PMID: 37271243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissues such as the intestine harbor stem cells that have remarkable functional plasticity in response to a dynamic environment. To adapt to the environment, stem cells constantly receive information from their surrounding microenvironment (also called the 'niche') that instructs them how to adapt to changes. The Drosophila midgut shows morphological and functional similarities to the mammalian small intestine and has been a useful model system to study signaling events in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the Drosophila midgut regarding how stem cells communicate with microenvironmental niches including enteroblasts, enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells and visceral muscles to coordinate tissue regeneration and homeostasis. In addition, distant cells such as hemocytes or tracheal cells have been shown to interact with stem cells and influence the development of intestinal diseases. We discuss the contribution of stem cell niches in driving or counteracting disease progression, and review conceptual advances derived from the Drosophila intestine as a model for stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, BioQuant and Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, BioQuant and Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Si S, Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhang X, Zhong X, Yuan J, Yang S, Li F. Structure and function analyses of the Mmd2 gene in pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Genet 2023; 14:1151193. [PMID: 37485334 PMCID: PMC10361620 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1151193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor 2 gene (Mmd2) encodes a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and plays a key role in growth and development. Our previous studies had found Mmd2 (Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor 2) is a new candidate gene for growth traits in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). For the purpose of understanding the underlying mechanism of LvMmd2 affecting the growth of shrimp, we analyzed the gene structure, phylogeny, expression profiles and RNA interference of this gene in L. vannamei. We found the LvMmd2 gene sequence was highly conserved in transmembrane regions, it was widely expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression level in the eye stalk. Knockdown LvMmd2 could significantly promote body length and body weight gain, suggesting it is a growth suppressor. Through transcriptome analysis we identified 422 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the dsMmd2 group and control group, among which 337 genes were upregulated in the dsMmd2 group, including numerous muscle-related genes and protein synthesis genes. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that growth, metabolism, and immune-related signal pathway had changed significantly. The above results greatly increase our understanding on the conservative structure and function of LvMmd2 gene, and provide potential application prospects in genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Si
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhong
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Vivekanand P. Isoform specific knockdown of the ETS transcription factor Pointed in Drosophila S2 cells. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000731. [PMID: 37292519 PMCID: PMC10245148 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternate splicing of the pointed ( pnt ) gene locus produces two major isoforms, PntP1 and PntP2. Understanding their individual contributions to key developmental processes and identification of their genome-wide transcriptional targets has been hampered by a number of factors including their essential roles during embryonic development, and co-expression in several tissues. siRNAs were designed to target isoform-specific exons that code for the unique N-terminal region of either PntP1 or PntP2. The efficacy and specificity of the siRNAs were examined by co-transfection of isoform specific siRNAs with plasmids encoding epitope tagged PntP1 or PntP2 in Drosophila S2 cells. All P1-specific siRNAs were demonstrated to knockdown PntP1 protein level to greater than 95%, while having nominal impact on PntP2 level. Similarly, PntP2 siRNAs while ineffective at eliminating PntP1, were shown to reduce PntP2 protein level by 87-99%.
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12
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Takemon Y, LeBlanc VG, Song J, Chan SY, Lee SD, Trinh DL, Ahmad ST, Brothers WR, Corbett RD, Gagliardi A, Moradian A, Cairncross JG, Yip S, Aparicio SAJR, Chan JA, Hughes CS, Morin GB, Gorski SM, Chittaranjan S, Marra MA. Multi-Omic Analysis of CIC's Functional Networks Reveals Novel Interaction Partners and a Potential Role in Mitotic Fidelity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2805. [PMID: 37345142 PMCID: PMC10216487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CIC encodes a transcriptional repressor and MAPK signalling effector that is inactivated by loss-of-function mutations in several cancer types, consistent with a role as a tumour suppressor. Here, we used bioinformatic, genomic, and proteomic approaches to investigate CIC's interaction networks. We observed both previously identified and novel candidate interactions between CIC and SWI/SNF complex members, as well as novel interactions between CIC and cell cycle regulators and RNA processing factors. We found that CIC loss is associated with an increased frequency of mitotic defects in human cell lines and an in vivo mouse model and with dysregulated expression of mitotic regulators. We also observed aberrant splicing in CIC-deficient cell lines, predominantly at 3' and 5' untranslated regions of genes, including genes involved in MAPK signalling, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. Our study thus characterises the complexity of CIC's functional network and describes the effect of its loss on cell cycle regulation, mitotic integrity, and transcriptional splicing, thereby expanding our understanding of CIC's potential roles in cancer. In addition, our work exemplifies how multi-omic, network-based analyses can be used to uncover novel insights into the interconnected functions of pleiotropic genes/proteins across cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Takemon
- Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada;
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Véronique G. LeBlanc
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Jungeun Song
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Susanna Y. Chan
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Stephen Dongsoo Lee
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Diane L. Trinh
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Shiekh Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - William R. Brothers
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Richard D. Corbett
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Alessia Gagliardi
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Annie Moradian
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - J. Gregory Cairncross
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.Y.); (S.A.J.R.A.); (C.S.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Samuel A. J. R. Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.Y.); (S.A.J.R.A.); (C.S.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Chan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Hughes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.Y.); (S.A.J.R.A.); (C.S.H.)
| | - Gregg B. Morin
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Sharon M. Gorski
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Suganthi Chittaranjan
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Marco A. Marra
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (V.G.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.G.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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13
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Kim LH, Kim JY, Xu YY, Lim MA, Koo BS, Kim JH, Yoon SE, Kim YJ, Choi KW, Chang JW, Hong ST. Tctp, a unique Ing5-binding partner, inhibits the chromatin binding of Enok in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218361120. [PMID: 37014852 PMCID: PMC10104566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218361120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex is highly conserved in eukaryotes and controls transcription, development, and tumorigenesis. However, little is known about how its chromatin localization is regulated. Inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) tumor suppressor is a subunit of the MOZ/MORF complex. Nevertheless, the in vivo function of ING5 remains unclear. Here, we report an antagonistic interaction between Drosophila Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) (Tctp) and ING5 (Ing5) required for chromatin localization of the MOZ/MORF (Enok) complex and H3K23 acetylation. Yeast two-hybrid screening using Tctp identified Ing5 as a unique binding partner. In vivo, Ing5 controlled differentiation and down-regulated epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, whereas it is required in the Yorkie (Yki) pathway to determine organ size. Ing5 and Enok mutants promoted tumor-like tissue overgrowth when combined with uncontrolled Yki activity. Tctp depletion rescued the abnormal phenotypes of the Ing5 mutation and increased the nuclear translocation of Ing5 and chromatin binding of Enok. Nonfunctional Enok promoted the nuclear translocation of Ing5 by reducing Tctp, indicating a feedback mechanism between Tctp, Ing5, and Enok to regulate histone acetylation. Therefore, Tctp is essential for H3K23 acetylation by controlling the nuclear translocation of Ing5 and chromatin localization of Enok, providing insights into the roles of human TCTP and ING5-MOZ/MORF in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hyang Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ying Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hae Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yoon
- Korea Drosophila Resource Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon35015, Republic of Korea
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14
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Park JW, Kilic O, Deo M, Jimenez-Cowell K, Demirdizen E, Kim H, Turcan Ş. CIC reduces xCT/SLC7A11 expression and glutamate release in glioma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:13. [PMID: 36647117 PMCID: PMC9843885 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is an important downstream molecule of RTK/RAS/MAPK pathway. The regulatory mechanism of CIC underlying tumorigenesis in oligodendroglioma, where CIC is frequently mutated, has yet to be fully elucidated. Using patient-derived glioma lines, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of publicly available databases, we investigated how CIC loss- or gain-of-function regulates its downstream targets, cell proliferation and glutamate release. Our results indicate an increased frequency of CIC truncating mutations in oligodendroglioma during progression. In vitro, CIC modulation had a modest effect on cell proliferation in glioma lines, and no significant changes in the expression of ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5. Transcriptional repression of known CIC targets was observed in gliomas expressing non-phosphorylatable CIC variant on Ser173 which was unable to interact with 14-3-3. These data outline a mechanism by which the repressor function of CIC is inhibited by 14-3-3 in gliomas. Using transcriptional profiling, we found that genes related to glutamate release were upregulated because of CIC depletion. In addition, loss of CIC leads to increased extracellular glutamate. Consistent with this, CIC restoration in an oligodendroglioma line reduced the levels of extracellular glutamate, neuronal toxicity and xCT/SLC7A11 expression. Our findings may provide a molecular basis for the prevention of glioma-associated seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Whi Park
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 South Korea
| | - Omer Kilic
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minh Deo
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Jimenez-Cowell
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Engin Demirdizen
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Şevin Turcan
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Øvrebø JI, Ma Y, Edgar BA. Cell growth and the cell cycle: New insights about persistent questions. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200150. [PMID: 36222263 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Before a cell divides into two daughter cells, it typically doubles not only its DNA, but also its mass. Numerous studies in cells ranging from yeast to mammals have shown that cellular growth, stimulated by nutrients and/or growth factor signaling, is a prerequisite for cell cycle progression in most types of cells. The textbook view of growth-regulated cell cycles is that growth signaling activates the transcription of G1 Cyclin genes to induce cell proliferation, and also stimulates anabolic metabolism and cell growth in parallel. However, genetic knockout tests in model organisms indicate that this is not the whole story, and new studies show that additional, "smarter" mechanisms help to coordinate the cell cycle with growth itself. Here we summarize recent advances in this field, and discuss current models in which growth signaling regulates cell proliferation by targeting core cell cycle regulators via non-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Inge Øvrebø
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yiqin Ma
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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16
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Zhang C, Jin Y, Marchetti M, Lewis MR, Hammouda OT, Edgar BA. EGFR signaling activates intestinal stem cells by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3704-3719.e7. [PMID: 35896119 PMCID: PMC10117080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
EGFR-RAS-ERK signaling promotes growth and proliferation in many cell types, and genetic hyperactivation of RAS-ERK signaling drives many cancers. Yet, despite intensive study of upstream components in EGFR signal transduction, the identities and functions of downstream effectors in the pathway are poorly understood. In Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the transcriptional repressor Capicua (Cic) and its targets, the ETS-type transcriptional activators Pointed (pnt) and Ets21C, are essential downstream effectors of mitogenic EGFR signaling. Here, we show that these factors promote EGFR-dependent metabolic changes that increase ISC mass, mitochondrial growth, and mitochondrial activity. Gene target analysis using RNA and DamID sequencing revealed that Pnt and Ets21C directly upregulate not only DNA replication and cell cycle genes but also genes for oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Metabolite analysis substantiated these metabolic functions. The mitochondrial transcription factor B2 (mtTFB2), a direct target of Pnt, was required and partially sufficient for EGFR-driven ISC growth, mitochondrial biogenesis, and proliferation. MEK-dependent EGF signaling stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis in human RPE-1 cells, indicating the conservation of these metabolic effects. This work illustrates how EGFR signaling alters metabolism to coordinately activate cell growth and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenge Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yinhua Jin
- Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marco Marchetti
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mitchell R Lewis
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Omar T Hammouda
- Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg & Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Marchetti M, Zhang C, Edgar BA. An improved organ explant culture method reveals stem cell lineage dynamics in the adult Drosophila intestine. eLife 2022; 11:e76010. [PMID: 36005292 PMCID: PMC9578704 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, live-imaging techniques have been developed for the adult midgut of Drosophila melanogaster that allow temporal characterization of key processes involved in stem cell and tissue homeostasis. However, these organ culture techniques have been limited to imaging sessions of <16 hours, an interval too short to track dynamic processes such as damage responses and regeneration, which can unfold over several days. Therefore, we developed an organ explant culture protocol capable of sustaining midguts ex vivo for up to 3 days. This was made possible by the formulation of a culture medium specifically designed for adult Drosophila tissues with an increased Na+/K+ ratio and trehalose concentration, and by placing midguts at an air-liquid interface for enhanced oxygenation. We show that midgut progenitor cells can respond to gut epithelial damage ex vivo, proliferating and differentiating to replace lost cells, but are quiescent in healthy intestines. Using ex vivo gene induction to promote stem cell proliferation using RasG12V or string and Cyclin E overexpression, we demonstrate that progenitor cell lineages can be traced through multiple cell divisions using live imaging. We show that the same culture set-up is useful for imaging adult renal tubules and ovaries for up to 3 days and hearts for up to 10 days. By enabling both long-term imaging and real-time ex vivo gene manipulation, our simple culture protocol provides a powerful tool for studies of epithelial biology and cell lineage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marchetti
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Chenge Zhang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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18
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Worley MI, Everetts NJ, Yasutomi R, Chang RJ, Saretha S, Yosef N, Hariharan IK. Ets21C sustains a pro-regenerative transcriptional program in blastema cells of Drosophila imaginal discs. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3350-3364.e6. [PMID: 35820420 PMCID: PMC9387119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important unanswered question in regenerative biology is to what extent regeneration is accomplished by the reactivation of gene regulatory networks used during development versus the activation of regeneration-specific transcriptional programs. Following damage, Drosophila imaginal discs, the larval precursors of adult structures, can regenerate missing portions by localized proliferation of damage-adjacent tissue. Using single-cell transcriptomics in regenerating wing discs, we have obtained a comprehensive view of the transcriptome of regenerating discs and identified two regeneration-specific cell populations within the blastema, Blastema1 and Blastema2. Collectively, these cells upregulate multiple genes encoding secreted proteins that promote regeneration including Pvf1, upd3, asperous, Mmp1, and the maturation delaying factor Ilp8. Expression of the transcription factor Ets21C is restricted to this regenerative secretory zone; it is not expressed in undamaged discs. Ets21C expression is activated by the JNK/AP-1 pathway, and it can function in a type 1 coherent feedforward loop with AP-1 to sustain expression of downstream genes. Without Ets21C function, the blastema cells fail to maintain the expression of a number of genes, which leads to premature differentiation and severely compromised regeneration. As Ets21C is dispensable for normal development, these observations indicate that Ets21C orchestrates a regeneration-specific gene regulatory network. We have also identified cells resembling both Blastema1 and Blastema2 in scribble tumorous discs. They express the Ets21C-dependent gene regulatory network, and eliminating Ets21C function reduces tumorous growth. Thus, mechanisms that function during regeneration can be co-opted by tumors to promote aberrant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie I Worley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Everetts
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Riku Yasutomi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shrey Saretha
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Iswar K Hariharan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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19
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Noncanonical function of Capicua as a growth termination signal in Drosophila oogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123467119. [PMID: 35881788 PMCID: PMC9351367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123467119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (Cic) proteins are conserved HMG-box transcriptional repressors that control receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling responses and are implicated in human neurological syndromes and cancer. While Cic is known to exist as short (Cic-S) and long (Cic-L) isoforms with identical HMG-box and associated core regions but distinct N termini, most previous studies have focused on Cic-S, leaving the function of Cic-L unexplored. Here we show that Cic-L acts in two capacities during Drosophila oogenesis: 1) as a canonical sensor of RTK signaling in somatic follicle cells, and 2) as a regulator of postmitotic growth in germline nurse cells. In these latter cells, Cic-L behaves as a temporal signal that terminates endoreplicative growth before they dump their contents into the oocyte. We show that Cic-L is necessary and sufficient for nurse cell endoreplication arrest and induces both stabilization of CycE and down-regulation of Myc. Surprisingly, this function depends mainly on the Cic-L-specific N-terminal module, which is capable of acting independently of the Cic HMG-box-containing core. Mirroring these observations, basal metazoans possess truncated Cic-like proteins composed only of Cic-L N-terminal sequences, suggesting that this module plays unique, ancient roles unrelated to the canonical function of Cic.
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20
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Zhao H, Ren X, Kong R, Shi L, Li Z, Wang R, Ma R, Zhao H, Liu F, Chang HC, Chen CH, Li Z. Auxilin regulates intestinal stem cell proliferation through EGFR. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1120-1137. [PMID: 35427486 PMCID: PMC9133653 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis is maintained by residential stem cells. The proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells must be tightly balanced to avoid excessive proliferation or premature differentiation. However, how stem cell proliferation is properly controlled remains elusive. Here, we find that auxilin (Aux) restricts intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation mainly through EGFR signaling. aux depletion leads to excessive ISC proliferation and midgut homeostasis disruption, which is unlikely caused by defective Notch signaling. Aux is expressed in multiple types of intestinal cells. Interestingly, aux depletion causes a dramatic increase in EGFR signaling, with a strong accumulation of EGFR at the plasma membrane and an increased expression of EGFR ligands in response to tissue stress. Furthermore, Aux co-localizes and associates with EGFR. Finally, blocking EGFR signaling completely suppresses the defects caused by aux depletion. Together, these data demonstrate that Aux mainly safeguards EGFR activation to keep a proper ISC proliferation rate to maintain midgut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuejing Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruiyan Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhengran Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Runqi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huiqing Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fuli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Henry C Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institute, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Zhouhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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21
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Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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22
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Abstract
In adult insects, as in vertebrates, the gut epithelium is a highly regenerative tissue that can renew itself rapidly in response to changing inputs from nutrition, the gut microbiota, ingested toxins, and signals from other organs. Because of its cellular and genetic similarities to the mammalian intestine, and its relevance as a target for the control of insect pests and disease vectors, many researchers have used insect intestines to address fundamental questions about stem cell functions during tissue maintenance and regeneration. In Drosophila, where most of the experimental work has been performed, not only are intestinal cell types and behaviors well characterized, but numerous cell signaling interactions have been detailed that mediate gut epithelial regeneration. A prevailing model for regenerative responses in the insect gut invokes stress sensing by damaged enterocytes (ECs) as a principal source for signaling that activates the division of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the growth and differentiation of their progeny. However, extant data also reveal alternative mechanisms for regeneration that involve ISC-intrinsic functions, active culling of healthy epithelial cells, enhanced EC growth, and even cytoplasmic shedding by infected ECs. This article reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in gut regeneration in several insect models (Drosophila and Aedes of the order Diptera, and several Lepidoptera).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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23
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Huang J, Sheng X, Zhuo Z, Xiao D, Wu K, Wan G, Chen H. ClC-c regulates the proliferation of intestinal stem cells via the EGFR signalling pathway in Drosophila. Cell Prolif 2021; 55:e13173. [PMID: 34952996 PMCID: PMC8780901 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adult stem cells uphold a delicate balance between quiescent and active states, which is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Whereas many signalling pathways that regulate epithelial stem cells have been reported, many regulators remain unidentified. Materials and Methods Flies were used to generate tissue‐specific gene knockdown and gene knockout. qRT‐PCR was used to assess the relative mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence was used to determine protein localization and expression patterns. Clonal analyses were used to observe the phenotype. RNA‐seq was used to screen downstream mechanisms. Results Here, we report a member of the chloride channel family, ClC‐c, which is specifically expressed in Drosophila intestinal stem/progenitor cells and regulates intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation under physiological conditions and upon tissue damage. Mechanistically, we found that the ISC loss induced by the depletion of ClC‐c in intestinal stem/progenitor cells is due to inhibition of the EGFR signalling pathway. Conclusion Our findings reveal an ISC‐specific function of ClC‐c in regulating stem cell maintenance and proliferation, thereby providing new insights into the functional links among the chloride channel family, ISC proliferation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Sheng
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangpeng Zhuo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danqing Xiao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Wan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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24
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The CAM Model for CIC-DUX4 Sarcoma and Its Potential Use for Precision Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102613. [PMID: 34685592 PMCID: PMC8533847 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: CIC-DUX4 sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal small round cell tumor which belongs to rare cancers that occupy a significant percentage of cancer cases as a whole, despite each being rare. Importantly, each rare cancer type has different features, and thus there is a need to develop a model that mimics the features of each of these cancers. We evaluated the idea that the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM), a convenient and versatile animal model, can be established for the CIC-DUX4 sarcoma. (2) Methods: Patient-derived cell lines of CIC-DUX4 were applied. These cells were transplanted onto the CAM membrane and tumor formation was examined by H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The CAM tumor was transferred onto a fresh CAM and was also used to form organoids. Retention of the fusion gene was examined. (3) Results: H&E staining as well as molecular characterization demonstrated the formation of the CIC-DUX4 tumor on the CAM membrane. Expression of cyclin D2 and ETV4 was identified. The CAM tumor was transferred to a fresh CAM to form the second-generation CAM tumor. In addition, we were successful in forming tumor organoids using the CAM tumor. Retention of the fusion gene CIC-DUX4 in the CAM, second-generation CAM, and in the CAM-derived organoids was confirmed by RT-PCR. (4) Conclusions: The CAM assay provides a promising model for CIC-DUX4 sarcoma.
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25
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Bonfini A, Dobson AJ, Duneau D, Revah J, Liu X, Houtz P, Buchon N. Multiscale analysis reveals that diet-dependent midgut plasticity emerges from alterations in both stem cell niche coupling and enterocyte size. eLife 2021; 10:64125. [PMID: 34553686 PMCID: PMC8528489 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is the primary interface between an animal and food, but how it adapts to qualitative dietary variation is poorly defined. We find that the Drosophila midgut plastically resizes following changes in dietary composition. A panel of nutrients collectively promote gut growth, which sugar opposes. Diet influences absolute and relative levels of enterocyte loss and stem cell proliferation, which together determine cell numbers. Diet also influences enterocyte size. A high sugar diet inhibits translation and uncouples intestinal stem cell proliferation from expression of niche-derived signals, but, surprisingly, rescuing these effects genetically was not sufficient to modify diet’s impact on midgut size. However, when stem cell proliferation was deficient, diet’s impact on enterocyte size was enhanced, and reducing enterocyte-autonomous TOR signaling was sufficient to attenuate diet-dependent midgut resizing. These data clarify the complex relationships between nutrition, epithelial dynamics, and cell size, and reveal a new mode of plastic, diet-dependent organ resizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonfini
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Adam J Dobson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Duneau
- Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Revah
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Xi Liu
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Philip Houtz
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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26
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Resnik-Docampo M, Cunningham KM, Ruvalcaba SM, Choi C, Sauer V, Jones DL. Neuroglian regulates Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation through enhanced signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1584-1597. [PMID: 33961791 PMCID: PMC8190597 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila intestine is an excellent system for elucidating mechanisms regulating stem cell behavior. Here we show that the septate junction (SJ) protein Neuroglian (Nrg) is expressed in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and enteroblasts (EBs) within the fly intestine. SJs are not present between ISCs and EBs, suggesting Nrg plays a different role in this tissue. We reveal that Nrg is required for ISC proliferation in young flies, and depletion of Nrg from ISCs and EBs suppresses increased ISC proliferation in aged flies. Conversely, overexpression of Nrg in ISC and EBs promotes ISC proliferation, leading to an increase in cells expressing ISC/EB markers; in addition, we observe an increase in epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) activation. Genetic epistasis experiments reveal that Nrg acts upstream of Egfr to regulate ISC proliferation. As Nrg function is highly conserved in mammalian systems, our work characterizing the role of Nrg in the intestine has implications for the treatment of intestinal disorders that arise due to altered ISC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathleen M Cunningham
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S Mateo Ruvalcaba
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charles Choi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vivien Sauer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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27
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Nászai M, Bellec K, Yu Y, Román-Fernández A, Sandilands E, Johansson J, Campbell AD, Norman JC, Sansom OJ, Bryant DM, Cordero JB. RAL GTPases mediate EGFR-driven intestinal stem cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. eLife 2021; 10:e63807. [PMID: 34096503 PMCID: PMC8216719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS-like (RAL) GTPases function in Wnt signalling-dependent intestinal stem cell proliferation and regeneration. Whether RAL proteins work as canonical RAS effectors in the intestine and the mechanisms of how they contribute to tumourigenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that RAL GTPases are necessary and sufficient to activate EGFR/MAPK signalling in the intestine, via induction of EGFR internalisation. Knocking down Drosophila RalA from intestinal stem and progenitor cells leads to increased levels of plasma membrane-associated EGFR and decreased MAPK pathway activation. Importantly, in addition to influencing stem cell proliferation during damage-induced intestinal regeneration, this role of RAL GTPases impacts on EGFR-dependent tumourigenic growth in the intestine and in human mammary epithelium. However, the effect of oncogenic RAS in the intestine is independent from RAL function. Altogether, our results reveal previously unrecognised cellular and molecular contexts where RAL GTPases become essential mediators of adult tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Endocytosis
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Nászai
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Bellec
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Yachuan Yu
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Román-Fernández
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Joel Johansson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jim C Norman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - David M Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia B Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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28
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Zhang P, Katzaroff AJ, Buttitta LA, Ma Y, Jiang H, Nickerson DW, Øvrebø JI, Edgar BA. The Krüppel-like factor Cabut has cell cycle regulatory properties similar to E2F1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015675118. [PMID: 33558234 PMCID: PMC7896318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015675118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a gain-of-function screen in Drosophila, we identified the Krüppel-like factor Cabut (Cbt) as a positive regulator of cell cycle gene expression and cell proliferation. Enforced cbt expression is sufficient to induce an extra cell division in the differentiating fly wing or eye, and also promotes intestinal stem cell divisions in the adult gut. Although inappropriate cell proliferation also results from forced expression of the E2f1 transcription factor or its target, Cyclin E, Cbt does not increase E2F1 or Cyclin E activity. Instead, Cbt regulates a large set of E2F1 target genes independently of E2F1, and our data suggest that Cbt acts via distinct binding sites in target gene promoters. Although Cbt was not required for cell proliferation during wing or eye development, Cbt is required for normal intestinal stem cell divisions in the midgut, which expresses E2F1 at relatively low levels. The E2F1-like functions of Cbt identify a distinct mechanism for cell cycle regulation that may be important in certain normal cell cycles, or in cells that cycle inappropriately, such as cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Alexia J Katzaroff
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Laura A Buttitta
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Yiqin Ma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Huaqi Jiang
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Derek W Nickerson
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jan Inge Øvrebø
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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29
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Al Hayek S, Alsawadi A, Kambris Z, Boquete J, Bohère J, Immarigeon C, Ronsin B, Plaza S, Lemaitre B, Payre F, Osman D. Steroid-dependent switch of OvoL/Shavenbaby controls self-renewal versus differentiation of intestinal stem cells. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104347. [PMID: 33372708 PMCID: PMC7883054 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells must continuously fine-tune their behavior to regenerate damaged organs and avoid tumors. While several signaling pathways are well known to regulate somatic stem cells, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a cell-intrinsic role for the OvoL family transcription factor, Shavenbaby (Svb), in balancing self-renewal and differentiation of Drosophila intestinal stem cells. We find that svb is a downstream target of Wnt and EGFR pathways, mediating their activity for stem cell survival and proliferation. This requires post-translational processing of Svb into a transcriptional activator, whose upregulation induces tumor-like stem cell hyperproliferation. In contrast, the unprocessed form of Svb acts as a repressor that imposes differentiation into enterocytes, and suppresses tumors induced by altered signaling. We show that the switch between Svb repressor and activator is triggered in response to systemic steroid hormone, which is produced by ovaries. Therefore, the Svb axis allows intrinsic integration of local signaling cues and inter-organ communication to adjust stem cell proliferation versus differentiation, suggesting a broad role of OvoL/Svb in adult and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Al Hayek
- Faculty of Sciences IIILebanese UniversityTripoliLebanon
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its ApplicationsLBA3B, EDST, Lebanese UniversityTripoliLebanon
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD)Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)Université de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Ahmad Alsawadi
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD)Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)Université de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Zakaria Kambris
- Biology DepartmentFaculty of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Jérôme Bohère
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD)Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)Université de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Clément Immarigeon
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD)Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)Université de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Brice Ronsin
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD)Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)Université de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Serge Plaza
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD)Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)Université de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance
- Present address:
Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LSRV)CNRSUPSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life SciencesLausanneSwitzerland
| | - François Payre
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD)Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)Université de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Dani Osman
- Faculty of Sciences IIILebanese UniversityTripoliLebanon
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its ApplicationsLBA3B, EDST, Lebanese UniversityTripoliLebanon
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30
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Jaenen V, Fraguas S, Bijnens K, Heleven M, Artois T, Romero R, Smeets K, Cebrià F. Reactive oxygen species rescue regeneration after silencing the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway in Schmidtea mediterranea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:881. [PMID: 33441641 PMCID: PMC7806912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on molecular pathways controlling the process of regeneration in model organisms, little is known about the actual initiation signals necessary to induce regeneration. Recently, the activation of ERK signaling has been shown to be required to initiate regeneration in planarians. However, how ERK signaling is activated remains unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are well-known early signals necessary for regeneration in several models, including planarians. Still, the probable interplay between ROS and MAPK/ERK has not yet been described. Here, by interfering with major mediators (ROS, EGFR and MAPK/ERK), we were able to identify wound-induced ROS, and specifically H2O2, as upstream cues in the activation of regeneration. Our data demonstrate new relationships between regeneration-related ROS production and MAPK/ERK activation at the earliest regeneration stages, as well as the involvement of the EGFR-signaling pathway. Our results suggest that (1) ROS and/or H2O2 have the potential to rescue regeneration after MEK-inhibition, either by H2O2-treatment or light therapy, (2) ROS and/or H2O2 are required for the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, (3) the EGFR pathway can mediate ROS production and the activation of MAPK/ERK during planarian regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jaenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - S Fraguas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - M Heleven
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - T Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - R Romero
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Biology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - F Cebrià
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Willms RJ, Zeng J, Campbell SD. Myt1 Kinase Couples Mitotic Cell Cycle Exit with Differentiation in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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32
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Wong D, Sogerer L, Lee SS, Wong V, Lum A, Levine AB, Marra MA, Yip S. TRIM25 promotes Capicua degradation independently of ERK in the absence of ATXN1L. BMC Biol 2020; 18:154. [PMID: 33115448 PMCID: PMC7594423 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrations in Capicua (CIC) have recently been implicated as a negative prognostic factor in a multitude of cancer types through the derepression of targets downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, such as oncogenic E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors. The Ataxin-family protein ATXN1L has previously been reported to interact with CIC in both developmental and disease contexts to facilitate the repression of CIC target genes and promote the post-translational stability of CIC. However, little is known about the mechanisms at the base of ATXN1L-mediated CIC post-translational stability. Results Functional in vitro studies utilizing ATXN1LKO human cell lines revealed that loss of ATXN1L leads to the accumulation of polyubiquitinated CIC protein, promoting its degradation through the proteasome. Although transcriptomic signatures of ATXN1LKO cell lines indicated upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, ERK activity was found to contribute to CIC function but not stability. Degradation of CIC protein following loss of ATXN1L was instead observed to be mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 which was further validated using glioma-derived cell lines and the TCGA breast carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts. Conclusions The post-translational regulation of CIC through ATXN1L and TRIM25 independent of ERK activity suggests that the regulation of CIC stability and function is more intricate than previously appreciated and involves several independent pathways. As CIC status has become a prognostic factor in several cancer types, further knowledge into the mechanisms which govern CIC stability and function may prove useful for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Wong
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisa Sogerer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha S Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Wong
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Amy Lum
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adrian B Levine
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. .,Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
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Capicua in Human Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:77-86. [PMID: 32978089 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a highly conserved transcriptional repressor that is differentially regulated through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling or genetic alteration across human cancer. CIC contributes to tumor progression and metastasis through direct transcriptional control of effector target genes. Recent findings indicate that CIC dysregulation is mechanistically linked and restricted to specific cancer subtypes, yet convergence on key downstream transcriptional nodes are critical for CIC-regulated oncogenesis across these cancers. In this review, we focus on how differential regulation of CIC through functional and genetic mechanisms contributes to subtype-specific cancer phenotypes and we propose new therapeutic strategies to effectively target CIC-altered cancers.
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Murcia L, Clemente-Ruiz M, Pierre-Elies P, Royou A, Milán M. Selective Killing of RAS-Malignant Tissues by Exploiting Oncogene-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2020; 28:119-131.e4. [PMID: 31269434 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several oncogenes induce untimely entry into S phase and alter replication timing and progression, thereby generating replicative stress, a well-known source of genomic instability and a hallmark of cancer. Using an epithelial model in Drosophila, we show that the RAS oncogene, which triggers G1/S transition, induces DNA damage and, at the same time, silences the DNA damage response pathway. RAS compromises ATR-mediated phosphorylation of the histone variant H2Av and ATR-mediated cell-cycle arrest in G2 and blocks, through ERK, Dp53-dependent induction of cell death. We found that ERK is also activated in normal tissues by an exogenous source of damage and that this activation is necessary to dampen the pro-apoptotic role of Dp53. We exploit the pro-survival role of ERK activation upon endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage to present evidence that its genetic or chemical inhibition can be used as a therapeutic opportunity to selectively eliminate RAS-malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Murcia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Clemente-Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anne Royou
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Cao X, Wolf A, Kim SE, Cabrera RM, Wlodarczyk BJ, Zhu H, Parker M, Lin Y, Steele JW, Han X, Ramaekers VT, Steinfeld R, Finnell RH, Lei Y. CIC de novo loss of function variants contribute to cerebral folate deficiency by downregulating FOLR1 expression. J Med Genet 2020; 58:484-494. [PMID: 32820034 PMCID: PMC7895856 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is characterised by a low concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid, while folate levels in plasma and red blood cells are in the low normal range. Mutations in several folate pathway genes, including FOLR1 (folate receptor alpha, FRα), DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) and PCFT (proton coupled folate transporter) have been previously identified in patients with CFD. Methods In an effort to identify causal mutations for CFD, we performed whole exome sequencing analysis on eight CFD trios and identified eight de novo mutations in seven trios. Results Notably, we found a de novo stop gain mutation in the capicua (CIC) gene. Using 48 sporadic CFD samples as a validation cohort, we identified three additional rare variants in CIC that are putatively deleterious mutations. Functional analysis indicates that CIC binds to an octameric sequence in the promoter regions of folate transport genes: FOLR1, PCFT and reduced folate carrier (Slc19A1; RFC1). The CIC nonsense variant (p.R353X) downregulated FOLR1 expression in HeLa cells as well as in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) derived from the original CFD proband. Folate binding assay demonstrated that the p.R353X variant decreased cellular binding of folic acid in cells. Conclusion This study indicates that CIC loss of function variants can contribute to the genetic aetiology of CFD through regulating FOLR1 expression. Our study described the first mutations in a non-folate pathway gene that can contribute to the aetiology of CFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Annika Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John W Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Th Ramaekers
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Center Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany .,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA .,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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36
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Zhang X, Bandyopadhyay S, Araujo LP, Tong K, Flores J, Laubitz D, Zhao Y, Yap G, Wang J, Zou Q, Ferraris R, Zhang L, Hu W, Bonder EM, Kiela PR, Coffey R, Verzi MP, Ivanov II, Gao N. Elevating EGFR-MAPK program by a nonconventional Cdc42 enhances intestinal epithelial survival and regeneration. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135923. [PMID: 32686657 PMCID: PMC7455142 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms enabling the intestinal epithelium to maintain a high degree of regenerative capacity during mucosal injury remain unclear. Ex vivo survival and clonogenicity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) strictly required growth response mediated by cell division control 42 (Cdc42) and Cdc42-deficient enteroids to undergo rapid apoptosis. Mechanistically, Cdc42 engaging with EGFR was required for EGF-stimulated, receptor-mediated endocytosis and sufficient to promote MAPK signaling. Proteomics and kinase analysis revealed that a physiologically, but nonconventionally, spliced Cdc42 variant 2 (V2) exhibited stronger MAPK-activating capability. Human CDC42-V2 is transcriptionally elevated in some colon tumor tissues. Accordingly, mice engineered to overexpress Cdc42-V2 in intestinal epithelium showed elevated MAPK signaling, enhanced regeneration, and reduced mucosal damage in response to irradiation. Overproducing Cdc42-V2 specifically in mouse ISCs enhanced intestinal regeneration following injury. Thus, the intrinsic Cdc42-MAPK program is required for intestinal epithelial regeneration, and elevating this signaling cascade is capable of initiating protection from genotoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sheila Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Leandro Pires Araujo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Tong
- Department of Genetics, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - George Yap
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jingren Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qingze Zou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ronaldo Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward M. Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pawel R. Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert Coffey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ivaylo I. Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Wang Q, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Luo Z, Zhang X, Xiang J, Li F. The Polymorphism of LvMMD2 and Its Association with Growth Traits in Litopenaeus vannamei. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:564-571. [PMID: 32578061 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the major economic aquaculture species. The growth trait is considered as the most important trait in L. vannamei aquaculture. Identification of the genetic components underlying growth-related traits in L. vannamei could be useful for the selective breeding of growth trait. Our previous work identified several growth-related SNPs by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Based on the assembled genome, we identified a new candidate gene (LvMMD2) beside the associated marker. This gene encodes the progestin and AdipoQ receptor 10 (PAQR10) protein. We further investigate the polymorphisms of LvMMD2 and their association with body weight of L. vannamei. By resequencing the coding region of LvMMD2, a total of 8 SNPs were identified, including 6 synonymous mutations and 2 nonsynonymous mutations. Association analyses based on a population of 322 individuals revealed that several SNPs located in the coding region of LvMMD2 were significantly associated with the body weight, especially the nonsynonymous mutation named as MMD_5 contributed the most association to the trait and it could explain 10.5% of phenotypic variance. In addition, several genes involved in growth and development have been identified as LvMMD2-interacting genes. These findings strongly suggested that LvMMD2 might be an important gene regulating the shrimp growth. More importantly, the MMD_5 could be a promising candidate locus for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the body weight in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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38
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Funk MC, Zhou J, Boutros M. Ageing, metabolism and the intestine. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50047. [PMID: 32567155 PMCID: PMC7332987 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to the environment and integrates a variety of signals, including those from metabolites, commensal microbiota, immune responses and stressors upon ageing. The intestine is constantly challenged and requires a high renewal rate to replace damaged cells in order to maintain its barrier function. Essential for its renewal capacity are intestinal stem cells, which constantly give rise to progenitor cells that differentiate into the multiple cell types present in the epithelium. Here, we review the current state of research of how metabolism and ageing control intestinal stem cell function and epithelial homeostasis. We focus on recent insights gained from model organisms that indicate how changes in metabolic signalling during ageing are a major driver for the loss of stem cell plasticity and epithelial homeostasis, ultimately affecting the resilience of an organism and limiting its lifespan. We compare findings made in mouse and Drosophila and discuss differences and commonalities in the underlying signalling pathways and mechanisms in the context of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja C Funk
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Karpukhina A, Vassetzky Y. DUX4, a Zygotic Genome Activator, Is Involved in Oncogenesis and Genetic Diseases. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Hwang I, Pan H, Yao J, Elemento O, Zheng H, Paik J. CIC is a critical regulator of neuronal differentiation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135826. [PMID: 32229723 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC), a member of the high mobility group-box (HMG-box) superfamily of transcriptional repressors, is frequently mutated in human oligodendrogliomas. However, its functions in brain development and tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that brain-specific deletion of Cic compromises developmental transition of neuroblasts to immature neurons in mouse hippocampus and compromises normal neuronal differentiation. Combined gene expression and ChIP-seq analyses identified VGF as an important CIC-repressed transcriptional surrogate involved in neuronal lineage regulation. Aberrant VGF expression promotes neural progenitor cell proliferation by suppressing their differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CIC represses VGF expression by tethering SIN3-HDAC to form a transcriptional corepressor complex. Mass spectrometry analysis of CIC-interacting proteins further identified the BRG1-containing mSWI/SNF complex whose function is necessary for transcriptional repression by CIC. Together, this study uncovers a potentially novel regulatory pathway of CIC-dependent neuronal differentiation and may implicate these molecular mechanisms in CIC-dependent brain tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Meyer Cancer Center, and
| | - Heng Pan
- Meyer Cancer Center, and.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Meyer Cancer Center, and.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Meyer Cancer Center, and
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Meyer Cancer Center, and
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41
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Jin Z, Chen J, Huang H, Wang J, Lv J, Yu M, Guo X, Zhang Y, Cai T, Xi R. The Drosophila Ortholog of Mammalian Transcription Factor Sox9 Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Regeneration at an Appropriate Level. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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42
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An Optogenetic Method to Study Signal Transduction in Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3159-3176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Wong D, Yip S. Making heads or tails - the emergence of capicua (CIC) as an important multifunctional tumour suppressor. J Pathol 2020; 250:532-540. [PMID: 32073140 DOI: 10.1002/path.5400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Capicua, encoded by the gene CIC, is an evolutionarily conserved high-mobility group-box transcription factor downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. It was initially discovered and studied in Drosophila. Recurrent mutations in CIC were first identified in oligodendroglioma, a subtype of low-grade glioma. Subsequent studies have identified CIC aberrations in multiple types of cancer and have established CIC as a potent tumour suppressor involved in regulating pathways related to cell growth and proliferation, invasion and treatment resistance. The most well-known and studied targets of mammalian CIC are the oncogenic E-Twenty Six transcription factors ETV1/4/5, which have been found to be elevated in cancers with CIC aberrations. Here, we review the role of CIC in normal mammalian development, oncogenesis and tumour progression, and the functional interactors that mediate them. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Wong
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lee JS, Kim E, Lee J, Kim D, Kim H, Kim CJ, Kim S, Jeong D, Lee Y. Capicua suppresses colorectal cancer progression via repression of ETV4 expression. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:42. [PMID: 32042269 PMCID: PMC7003492 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although major driver gene mutations have been identified, the complex molecular heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Capicua (CIC) functions as a tumor suppressor in various types of cancers; however, its role in CRC progression has not been examined. Methods Databases for gene expression profile in CRC patient samples were used to evaluate the association of the levels of CIC and Polyoma enhancer activator 3 (PEA3) group genes (ETS translocation variant 1 (ETV1), ETV4, and ETV5), the best-characterized CIC targets in terms of CIC functions, with clinicopathological features of CRC. CIC and ETV4 protein levels were also examined in CRC patient tissue samples. Gain- and loss-of function experiments in cell lines and mouse xenograft models were performed to investigate regulatory functions of CIC and ETV4 in CRC cell growth and invasion. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to verify the CIC regulation of ETV4 expression in CRC cells. Rescue experiments were conducted using siRNA against ETV4 and CIC-deficient CRC cell lines. Results CIC expression was decreased in the tissue samples of CRC patients. Cell invasion, migration, and proliferation were enhanced in CIC-deficient CRC cells and suppressed in CIC-overexpressing cells. Among PEA3 group genes, ETV4 levels were most dramatically upregulated and inversely correlated with the CIC levels in CRC patient samples. Furthermore, derepression of ETV4 was more prominent in CIC-deficient CRC cells, when compared with that observed for ETV1 and ETV5. The enhanced cell proliferative and invasive capabilities in CIC-deficient CRC cells were completely recovered by knockdown of ETV4. Conclusion Collectively, the CIC-ETV4 axis is not only a key module that controls CRC progression but also a novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeon-Soo Lee
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Jongeun Lee
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Kim
- 3Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Kim
- 4Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Room 601, 31 Soonchunhyang 6gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea.,2Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- 3Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea.,4Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Room 601, 31 Soonchunhyang 6gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea.,2Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea.,POSTECH Biotech Center, Room 388, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
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45
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Hung RJ, Hu Y, Kirchner R, Liu Y, Xu C, Comjean A, Tattikota SG, Li F, Song W, Ho Sui S, Perrimon N. A cell atlas of the adult Drosophila midgut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1514-1523. [PMID: 31915294 PMCID: PMC6983450 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916820117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the adult Drosophila midgut have led to many insights in our understanding of cell-type diversity, stem cell regeneration, tissue homeostasis, and cell fate decision. Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing provide opportunities to identify new cell types and molecular features. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptome of midgut epithelial cells and identified 22 distinct clusters representing intestinal stem cells, enteroblasts, enteroendocrine cells (EEs), and enterocytes. This unbiased approach recovered most of the known intestinal stem cells/enteroblast and EE markers, highlighting the high quality of the dataset, and led to insights on intestinal stem cell biology, cell type-specific organelle features, the roles of new transcription factors in progenitors and regional variation along the gut, 5 additional EE gut hormones, EE hormonal expression diversity, and paracrine function of EEs. To facilitate mining of this rich dataset, we provide a web-based resource for visualization of gene expression in single cells. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive resource for addressing functions of genes in the midgut epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Rory Kirchner
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chiwei Xu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aram Comjean
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Fangge Li
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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46
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Paul S, Yang L, Mattingly H, Goyal Y, Shvartsman SY, Veraksa A. Activation-induced substrate engagement in ERK signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:235-243. [PMID: 31913744 PMCID: PMC7183763 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is an essential component of developmental signaling in metazoans. Previous models of pathway activation suggested that dissociation of activated dually phosphorylated ERK (dpERK) from MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), a kinase that phosphorylates ERK, and other cytoplasmic anchors, is sufficient for allowing ERK interactions with its substrates. Here, we provide evidence for an additional step controlling ERK’s access to substrates. Specifically, we demonstrate that interaction of ERK with its substrate Capicua (Cic) is controlled at the level of ERK phosphorylation, whereby Cic binds to dpERK much stronger than to unphosphorylated ERK, both in vitro and in vivo. Mathematical modeling suggests that the differential affinity of Cic for dpERK versus ERK is required for both down-regulation of Cic and stabilizing phosphorylated ERK. Preferential association of Cic with dpERK serves two functions: it prevents unproductive competition of Cic with unphosphorylated ERK and contributes to efficient signal propagation. We propose that high-affinity substrate binding increases the specificity and efficiency of signal transduction through the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
| | - Henry Mattingly
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Yogesh Goyal
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Alexey Veraksa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125
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47
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Gervais L, van den Beek M, Josserand M, Sallé J, Stefanutti M, Perdigoto CN, Skorski P, Mazouni K, Marshall OJ, Brand AH, Schweisguth F, Bardin AJ. Stem Cell Proliferation Is Kept in Check by the Chromatin Regulators Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 and Trr/MLL3/4. Dev Cell 2020; 49:556-573.e6. [PMID: 31112698 PMCID: PMC6547167 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling accompanies differentiation, however, its role in self-renewal is less well understood. We report that in Drosophila, the chromatin remodeler Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 limits intestinal stem cell (ISC) number and proliferation without affecting differentiation. Stem-cell-specific whole-genome profiling of Kismet revealed its enrichment at transcriptionally active regions bound by RNA polymerase II and Brahma, its recruitment to the transcription start site of activated genes and developmental enhancers and its depletion from regions bound by Polycomb, Histone H1, and heterochromatin Protein 1. We demonstrate that the Trithorax-related/MLL3/4 chromatin modifier regulates ISC proliferation, colocalizes extensively with Kismet throughout the ISC genome, and co-regulates genes in ISCs, including Cbl, a negative regulator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Loss of kismet or trr leads to elevated levels of EGFR protein and signaling, thereby promoting ISC self-renewal. We propose that Kismet with Trr establishes a chromatin state that limits EGFR proliferative signaling, preventing tumor-like stem cell overgrowths. Chromatin modifiers Kismet and Trr limit intestinal stem cell proliferation Kismet and Trr colocalize at transcriptionally active regions and co-regulate genes EGFR negative regulator Cbl is a target gene of Kismet and Trr Kismet and Trr limit EGFR signaling in ISCs, preventing tumor-like ISC accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gervais
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France.
| | - Marius van den Beek
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Manon Josserand
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Sallé
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Marine Stefanutti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Carolina N Perdigoto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Skorski
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Khallil Mazouni
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Paris 75015, France; CNRS, URA2578, Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Owen J Marshall
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Andrea H Brand
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - François Schweisguth
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Paris 75015, France; CNRS, URA2578, Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Allison J Bardin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France.
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48
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Zhong Z, Virshup DM. Wnt Signaling and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:72-89. [PMID: 31787618 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that bind to cell surface receptors to activate downstream signaling cascades. Normal Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The secretion of Wnt ligands, the turnover of Wnt receptors, and the signaling transduction are tightly regulated and fine-tuned to keep the signaling output "just right." Hyperactivated Wnt signaling due to recurrent genetic alterations drives several human cancers. Elevated Wnt signaling also confers resistance to multiple conventional and targeted cancer therapies through diverse mechanisms including maintaining the cancer stem cell population, enhancing DNA damage repair, facilitating transcriptional plasticity, and promoting immune evasion. Different classes of Wnt signaling inhibitors targeting key nodes of the pathway have been developed and show efficacy in treating Wnt-driven cancers and subverting Wnt-mediated therapy resistance in preclinical studies. Several of these inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials, both singly and in combination with other existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-cancer modalities. In the near future, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling may be a real choice for patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The latest insights in Wnt signaling, ranging from basic biology to therapeutic implications in cancer, are reviewed. Recent studies extend understanding of this ancient signaling pathway and describe the development and improvement of anti-Wnt therapeutic modalities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
| | - David M Virshup
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
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49
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Simón-Carrasco L, Jiménez G, Barbacid M, Drosten M. The Capicua tumor suppressor: a gatekeeper of Ras signaling in development and cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:702-711. [PMID: 29578365 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1450029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Capicua (CIC) has emerged as an important rheostat of cell growth regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Cic was originally discovered in Drosophila, where it was shown to be inactivated by MAPK signaling downstream of the RTKs Torso and EGFR, which results in signal-dependent responses that are required for normal cell fate specification, proliferation and survival of developing and adult tissues. CIC is highly conserved in mammals, where it is also negatively regulated by MAPK signaling. Here, we review the roles of CIC during mammalian development, tissue homeostasis, tumor formation and therapy resistance. Available data indicate that CIC is involved in multiple biological processes, including lung development, liver homeostasis, autoimmunity and neurobehavioral processes. Moreover, CIC has been shown to be involved in tumor development as a tumor suppressor, both in human as well as in mouse models. Finally, several lines of evidence implicate CIC as a determinant of sensitivity to EGFR and MAPK pathway inhibitors, suggesting that CIC may play a broader role in human cancer than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
| | - Gerardo Jiménez
- b Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-CSIC , Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain.,c ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
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50
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Delos Santos K, Kim M, Yergeau C, Jean S, Moon NS. Pleiotropic role of Drosophila phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase in autophagy and lysosome homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008376. [PMID: 31487280 PMCID: PMC6748441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS) is a rate-limiting enzyme whose function is important for the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and pyridines. Importantly, while missense mutations of PRPS1 have been identified in neurological disorders such as Arts syndrome, how they contribute to neuropathogenesis is still unclear. We identified the Drosophila ortholog of PRPS (dPRPS) as a direct target of RB/E2F in Drosophila, a vital cell cycle regulator, and engineered dPRPS alleles carrying patient-derived mutations. Interestingly, while they are able to develop normally, dPRPS mutant flies have a shortened lifespan and locomotive defects, common phenotypes associated with neurodegeneration. Careful analysis of the fat body revealed that patient-derived PRPS mutations result in profound defects in lipolysis, macroautophagy, and lysosome function. Significantly, we show evidence that the nervous system of dPRPS mutant flies is affected by these defects. Overall, we uncovered an unexpected link between nucleotide metabolism and autophagy/lysosome function, providing a possible mechanism by which PRPS-dysfunction contributes to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keemo Delos Santos
- Department of Biology, Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Biology, Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Yergeau
- Department of Biology, Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steve Jean
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département d’Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nam-Sung Moon
- Department of Biology, Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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