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Gokhman VE, Kuznetsova VG. Structure and Evolution of Ribosomal Genes of Insect Chromosomes. INSECTS 2024; 15:593. [PMID: 39194798 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Currently, clusters of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been studied in about 1000 and 100 species of the class Insecta, respectively. Although the number of insect species with known 45S rDNA clusters (also referred to as nucleolus-organizing regions, or NORs) constitutes less than 0.1 percent of the described members of this enormous group, certain conclusions can already be drawn. Since haploid karyotypes with single 45S and 5S rDNA clusters predominate in both basal and derived insect groups, this character state is apparently ancestral for the class Insecta in general. Nevertheless, the number, chromosomal location, and other characteristics of both 45S and 5S rDNA sites substantially vary across different species, and sometimes even within the same species. There are several main factors and molecular mechanisms that either maintain these parameters or alter them on the short-term and/or long-term scale. Chromosome structure (i.e., monocentric vs. holokinetic chromosomes), excessive numbers of rRNA gene copies per cluster, interactions with transposable elements, pseudogenization, and meiotic recombination are perhaps the most important among them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina G Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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2
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Soares IMN, Polonio JC, Zequi JAC, Golias HC. Molecular techniques for the taxonomy of Aedes Meigen, 1818 (Culicidae: Aedini): A review of studies from 2010 to 2021. Acta Trop 2022; 236:106694. [PMID: 36122762 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The original description of Aedes Meigen in 1818, written in Latin, was very brief and included a single species, Aedes cinereus. In the last two decades the genus Aedes (Meigen, 1818) has undergone several revisions and reclassifications, with the current proposal being described by Wilkerson in 2015. However, the available keys for morphological identification are still not sufficient to differentiate cryptic species, damaged species, or those with confusing taxonomy. The current study aims to identify and describe the main taxonomic proposals and molecular methodologies available for the identification of the genus Aedes published between the years 2010 and 2021. The main molecular techniques used to identify the genus in the last 10 years, are: Multiplex PCR, DNA barcoding, nuclear and mitochondrial markers, environmental DNA, and bacterial microbiome analysis. This review highlights that there are catalogued data for only a few species of the genus Aedes, being restricted to medically important taxa such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. The integrative taxonomy approach is a possibility to reconcile morphological and molecular data to improve species delimitation, contributing to future revisions of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Cesar Polonio
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Brazil
| | | | - Halison Correia Golias
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Brazil; Department of Humanities, Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Marcilio Dias Street, 635, Apucarana, Paraná, Brazil.
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3
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Augustinos AA, Nikolouli K, Duran de la Fuente L, Misbah-ul-Haq M, Carvalho DO, Bourtzis K. Introgression of the Aedes aegypti Red-Eye Genetic Sexing Strains Into Different Genomic Backgrounds for Sterile Insect Technique Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:821428. [PMID: 35186905 PMCID: PMC8847382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.821428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is an invasive mosquito species and major vector of human arboviruses. A wide variety of control methods have been employed to combat mosquito populations. One of them is the sterile insect technique (SIT) that has recently attracted considerable research efforts due to its proven record of success and the absence of harmful environmental footprints. The efficiency and cost-effectiveness of SIT is significantly enhanced by male-only releases. For mosquito SIT, male-only releases are ideally needed since females bite, blood-feed and transmit the pathogens. Ae. aegypti genetic sexing strains (GSS) have recently become available and are based on eye colour mutations that were chosen as selectable markers. These genetic sexing strains were developed through classical genetics and it was shown to be subjected to genetic recombination, a phenomenon that is not suppressed in males as is the case in many Diptera. The genetic stability of these GSS was strengthened by the induction and isolation of radiation-induced inversions. In this study, we used the red eye mutation and the inversion Inv35 line of the Ae. aegypti red-eye GSS s and introgressed them in six different genomic backgrounds to develop GSS with the respective local genomic backgrounds. Our goal was to assess whether the recombination frequencies in the strains with and without the inversion are affected by the different genomic backgrounds. In all cases the recombination events were suppressed in all Inv35 GSS strains, thus indicating that the genomic background does not negatively affect the inversion result. Absence of any effect that could be ascribed to genetic differences, enables the introgression of the key elements of the GSS into the local genomic background prior to release to the target areas. Maintaining the local background increases the chances for successful matings between released males and wild females and addresses potential regulatory concerns regarding biosafety and biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios A. Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Katerina Nikolouli
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Lucia Duran de la Fuente
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Danilo O. Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
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Koskinioti P, Augustinos AA, Carvalho DO, Misbah-ul-Haq M, Pillwax G, de la Fuente LD, Salvador-Herranz G, Herrero RA, Bourtzis K. Genetic sexing strains for the population suppression of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20190808. [PMID: 33357054 PMCID: PMC7776939 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Vector population control methods are reviving to impede disease transmission. An efficient sex separation for male-only releases is crucial for area-wide mosquito population suppression strategies. Here, we report on the construction of two genetic sexing strains using red- and white-eye colour mutations as selectable markers. Quality control analysis showed that the Red-eye genetic sexing strains (GSS) is better and more genetically stable than the White-eye GSS. The introduction of an irradiation-induced inversion (Inv35) increases genetic stability and reduces the probability of female contamination of the male release batches. Bi-weekly releases of irradiated males of both the Red-eye GSS and the Red-eye GSS/Inv35 fully suppressed target laboratory cage populations within six and nine weeks, respectively. An image analysis algorithm allowing sex determination based on eye colour identification at the pupal stage was developed. The next step is to automate the Red-eye-based genetic sexing and validate it in pilot trials prior to its integration in large-scale population suppression programmes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Koskinioti
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Antonios A. Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Danilo O. Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gulizar Pillwax
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Duran de la Fuente
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustavo Salvador-Herranz
- Departamento de Expresión Gráfica, Proyectos y Urbanismo, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Argilés Herrero
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagramerstrasse 5, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
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Augustinos AA, Misbah-Ul-Haq M, Carvalho DO, de la Fuente LD, Koskinioti P, Bourtzis K. Irradiation induced inversions suppress recombination between the M locus and morphological markers in Aedes aegypti. BMC Genet 2020; 21:142. [PMID: 33339503 PMCID: PMC7747368 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses and one of the most widespread and invasive mosquito species. Due to the lack of efficient specific drugs or vaccination strategies, vector population control methods, such as the sterile insect technique, are receiving renewed interest. However, availability of a reliable genetic sexing strategy is crucial, since there is almost zero tolerance for accidentally released females. Development of genetic sexing strains through classical genetics is hindered by genetic recombination that is not suppressed in males as is the case in many Diptera. Isolation of naturally-occurring or irradiation-induced inversions can enhance the genetic stability of genetic sexing strains developed through genetically linking desirable phenotypes with the male determining region. RESULTS For the induction and isolation of inversions through irradiation, 200 male pupae of the 'BRA' wild type strain were irradiated at 30 Gy and 100 isomale lines were set up by crossing with homozygous 'red-eye' (re) mutant females. Recombination between re and the M locus and the white (w) gene (causing a recessive white eye phenotype when mutated) and the M locus was tested in 45 and 32 lines, respectively. One inversion (Inv35) reduced recombination between both re and the M locus, and wand the M locus, consistent with the presence of a rather extended inversion between the two morphological mutations, that includes the M locus. Another inversion (Inv5) reduced recombination only between w and the M locus. In search of naturally-occurring, recombination-suppressing inversions, homozygous females from the red eye and the white eye strains were crossed with seventeen and fourteen wild type strains collected worldwide, representing either recently colonized or long-established laboratory populations. Despite evidence of varying frequencies of recombination, no combination led to the elimination or substantial reduction of recombination. CONCLUSION Inducing inversions through irradiation is a feasible strategy to isolate recombination suppressors either on the M or the m chromosome for Aedes aegypti. Such inversions can be incorporated in genetic sexing strains developed through classical genetics to enhance their genetic stability and support SIT or other approaches that aim to population suppression through male-delivered sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios A Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.
- Present address: Department of Plant Protection, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, 26442, Patras, Greece.
| | - Muhammad Misbah-Ul-Haq
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
- Present address: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Danilo O Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Duran de la Fuente
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Panagiota Koskinioti
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Zheng XL. Unveiling mosquito cryptic species and their reproductive isolation. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:499-510. [PMID: 32741005 PMCID: PMC7754467 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are major vectors of many infectious pathogens or parasites. Understanding cryptic species and the speciation of disease vectors has important implications for vector management, evolution and host-pathogen and/or host-parasite interactions. Currently, mosquito cryptic species have been reported in many studies, most of which focus on the reproductive isolation of cryptic species and mainly on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex. Emerging species within the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae show different ecological preferences and significant prezygotic reproductive isolation, while Aedes mariae and Aedes zammitii show postmating reproductive isolation. However, data reporting the reproductive isolation in Culex and Aedes albopictus mosquito cryptic species is absent. The lack of systematic studies leaves many questions open, such as whether cryptic species are more common in particular habitats, latitudes or taxonomic groups; what mosquito cryptic species evolutionary processes bring about reproductive isolation in the absence of morphological differentiation? How does Wolbachia infection affect in mosquitoes' reproductive isolation? In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in the discovery and identification of sibling or cryptic species within mosquito genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- XL. Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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7
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Rose NH, Sylla M, Badolo A, Lutomiah J, Ayala D, Aribodor OB, Ibe N, Akorli J, Otoo S, Mutebi JP, Kriete AL, Ewing EG, Sang R, Gloria-Soria A, Powell JR, Baker RE, White BJ, Crawford JE, McBride CS. Climate and Urbanization Drive Mosquito Preference for Humans. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3570-3579.e6. [PMID: 32707056 PMCID: PMC7511451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The majority of mosquito-borne illness is spread by a few mosquito species that have evolved to specialize in biting humans, yet the precise causes of this behavioral shift are poorly understood. We address this gap in the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti. We first collect and characterize the behavior of mosquitoes from 27 sites scattered across the species' ancestral range in sub-Saharan Africa, revealing previously unrecognized variation in preference for human versus animal odor. We then use modeling to show that over 80% of this variation can be predicted by two ecological factors-dry season intensity and human population density. Finally, we integrate this information with whole-genome sequence data from 375 individual mosquitoes to identify a single underlying ancestry component linked to human preference. Genetic changes associated with human specialist ancestry were concentrated in a few chromosomal regions. Our findings suggest that human-biting in this important disease vector originally evolved as a by-product of breeding in human-stored water in areas where doing so provided the only means to survive the long, hot dry season. Our model also predicts that the rapid urbanization currently taking place in Africa will drive further mosquito evolution, causing a shift toward human-biting in many large cities by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah H Rose
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Massamba Sylla
- Unité d'Entomologie, de Bactériologie, de Virologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP BP 5005 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Diego Ayala
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France; Le Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | - Nnenna Ibe
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sampson Otoo
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - John-Paul Mutebi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Alexis L Kriete
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Eliza G Ewing
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rosemary Sang
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachel E Baker
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bradley J White
- Verily Life Sciences, 259 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jacob E Crawford
- Verily Life Sciences, 259 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Carolyn S McBride
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Redmond SN, Sharma A, Sharakhov I, Tu Z, Sharakhova M, Neafsey DE. Linked-read sequencing identifies abundant microinversions and introgression in the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti. BMC Biol 2020; 18:26. [PMID: 32164699 PMCID: PMC7068900 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is the principal mosquito vector of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses. Two subspecies of Ae. aegypti exhibit phenotypic divergence with regard to habitat, host preference, and vectorial capacity. Chromosomal inversions have been shown to play a major role in adaptation and speciation in dipteran insects and would be of great utility for studies of Ae. aegypti. However, the large and highly repetitive genome of Ae. aegypti makes it difficult to detect inversions with paired-end short-read sequencing data, and polytene chromosome analysis does not provide sufficient resolution to detect chromosome banding patterns indicative of inversions. Results To characterize chromosomal diversity in this species, we have carried out deep Illumina sequencing of linked-read (10X Genomics) libraries in order to discover inversion loci as well as SNPs. We analyzed individuals from colonies representing the geographic limits of each subspecies, one contact zone between subspecies, and a closely related sister species. Despite genome-wide SNP divergence and abundant microinversions, we do not find any inversions occurring as fixed differences between subspecies. Many microinversions are found in regions that have introgressed and have captured genes that could impact behavior, such as a cluster of odorant-binding proteins that may play a role in host feeding preference. Conclusions Our study shows that inversions are abundant and widely shared among subspecies of Aedes aegypti and that introgression has occurred in regions of secondary contact. This library of 32 novel chromosomal inversions demonstrates the capacity for linked-read sequencing to identify previously intractable genomic rearrangements and provides a foundation for future population genetics studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth N Redmond
- Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Atashi Sharma
- Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Igor Sharakhov
- Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zhijian Tu
- Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Maria Sharakhova
- Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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9
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Powell JR. An Evolutionary Perspective on Vector-Borne Diseases. Front Genet 2019; 10:1266. [PMID: 31921304 PMCID: PMC6929172 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several aspects of the biology of the three players in a vector-borne disease that affect their evolutionary interactions are outlined. A model of the origin of a human-human cycle of vector-borne diseases is presented emphasizing the narrowing of the niche experienced by the pathogen and vector. Variation in the expected rates of evolution of the three players is discussed with the rapid rate of pathogen evolution providing them with advantages. Population sizes and fluctuations also affect the three players in very different ways. The time since the origin of a vector-borne disease likely determines how stable the interactions are and thus how easily the disease might be eliminated. Stability and variation are also linked. Human technological advances are rapidly upsetting the previously relatively slow coevolutionary adjustment of the three players. Finally, it is pointed out that development of quantitative coevolutionary models specifically addressing details of vector-borne diseases is needed to identify parameters most likely to break transmission cycles and thus control or eliminate diseases.
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10
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Powell JR, Gloria-Soria A, Kotsakiozi P. Recent History of Aedes aegypti: Vector Genomics and Epidemiology Records. Bioscience 2018; 68:854-860. [PMID: 30464351 PMCID: PMC6238964 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti bears the common name "the yellow fever mosquito," although, today, it is of more concern as the major vector of dengue, chikungunya, and, most recently, Zika viruses. In the present article, we review recent work on the population genetics of this mosquito in efforts to reconstruct its recent (approximately 600 years) history and relate these findings to epidemiological records of occurrences of diseases transmitted by this species. The two sources of information are remarkably congruent. Ae. aegypti was introduced to the New World 400-550 years ago from its ancestral home in West Africa via European slave trade. Ships from the New World returning to their European ports of origin introduced the species to the Mediterranean region around 1800, where it became established until about 1950. The Suez Canal opened in 1869 and Ae. aegypti was introduced into Asia by the 1870s, then on to Australia (1887) and the South Pacific (1904).
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11
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Burford Reiskind MO, Labadie P, Bargielowski I, Lounibos LP, Reiskind MH. Rapid evolution and the genomic consequences of selection against interspecific mating. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3641-3654. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Labadie
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Irka Bargielowski
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida
| | - L. Philip Lounibos
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida
| | - Michael H. Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
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12
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Buchman AB, Ivy T, Marshall JM, Akbari OS, Hay BA. Engineered Reciprocal Chromosome Translocations Drive High Threshold, Reversible Population Replacement in Drosophila. ACS Synth Biol 2018. [PMID: 29608276 DOI: 10.1101/088393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of wild insect populations with transgene-bearing individuals unable to transmit disease or survive under specific environmental conditions using gene drive provides a self-perpetuating method of disease prevention. Mechanisms that require the gene drive element and linked cargo to exceed a high threshold frequency in order for spread to occur are attractive because they offer several points of control: they bring about local, but not global population replacement; and transgenes can be eliminated by reintroducing wildtypes into the population so as to drive the frequency of transgenes below the threshold frequency required for drive. Reciprocal chromosome translocations were proposed as a tool for bringing about high threshold population replacement in 1940 and 1968. However, translocations able to achieve this goal have only been reported once, in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a haplo-diploid species in which there is strong selection in haploid males for fit homozygotes. We report the creation of engineered translocation-bearing strains of Drosophila melanogaster, generated through targeted chromosomal breakage and homologous recombination. These strains drive high threshold population replacement in laboratory populations. While it remains to be shown that engineered translocations can bring about population replacement in wild populations, these observations suggest that further exploration of engineered translocations as a tool for controlled population replacement is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Buchman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , California 92161 , United States
| | - Tobin Ivy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - John M Marshall
- School of Public Health , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , California 92161 , United States
| | - Bruce A Hay
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , California 92161 , United States
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Buchman AB, Ivy T, Marshall JM, Akbari OS, Hay BA. Engineered Reciprocal Chromosome Translocations Drive High Threshold, Reversible Population Replacement in Drosophila. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1359-1370. [PMID: 29608276 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of wild insect populations with transgene-bearing individuals unable to transmit disease or survive under specific environmental conditions using gene drive provides a self-perpetuating method of disease prevention. Mechanisms that require the gene drive element and linked cargo to exceed a high threshold frequency in order for spread to occur are attractive because they offer several points of control: they bring about local, but not global population replacement; and transgenes can be eliminated by reintroducing wildtypes into the population so as to drive the frequency of transgenes below the threshold frequency required for drive. Reciprocal chromosome translocations were proposed as a tool for bringing about high threshold population replacement in 1940 and 1968. However, translocations able to achieve this goal have only been reported once, in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a haplo-diploid species in which there is strong selection in haploid males for fit homozygotes. We report the creation of engineered translocation-bearing strains of Drosophila melanogaster, generated through targeted chromosomal breakage and homologous recombination. These strains drive high threshold population replacement in laboratory populations. While it remains to be shown that engineered translocations can bring about population replacement in wild populations, these observations suggest that further exploration of engineered translocations as a tool for controlled population replacement is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Buchman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , California 92161 , United States
| | - Tobin Ivy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - John M Marshall
- School of Public Health , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , California 92161 , United States
| | - Bruce A Hay
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , California 92161 , United States
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Ecological niche modeling of Aedes mosquito vectors of chikungunya virus in southeastern Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:255. [PMID: 29673389 PMCID: PMC5907742 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) originated in a sylvatic cycle of transmission between non-human animal hosts and vector mosquitoes in the forests of Africa. Subsequently the virus jumped out of this ancestral cycle into a human-endemic transmission cycle vectored by anthropophilic mosquitoes. Sylvatic CHIKV cycles persist in Africa and continue to spill over into humans, creating the potential for new CHIKV strains to enter human-endemic transmission. To mitigate such spillover, it is first necessary to delineate the distributions of the sylvatic mosquito vectors of CHIKV, to identify the environmental factors that shape these distributions, and to determine the association of mosquito presence with key drivers of virus spillover, including mosquito and CHIKV abundance. We therefore modeled the distribution of seven CHIKV mosquito vectors over two sequential rainy seasons in Kédougou, Senegal using Maxent. Methods Mosquito data were collected in fifty sites distributed in five land cover classes across the study area. Environmental data representing land cover, topographic, and climatic factors were included in the models. Models were compared and evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) statistics. The correlation of model outputs with abundance of individual mosquito species as well as CHIKV-positive mosquito pools was tested. Results Fourteen models were produced and evaluated; the environmental variables most strongly associated with mosquito distributions were distance to large patches of forest, landscape patch size, rainfall, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Seven models were positively correlated with mosquito abundance and one (Aedes taylori) was consistently, positively correlated with CHIKV-positive mosquito pools. Eight models predicted high relative occurrence rates of mosquitoes near the villages of Tenkoto and Ngary, the areas with the highest frequency of CHIKV-positive mosquito pools. Conclusions Of the environmental factors considered here, landscape fragmentation and configuration had the strongest influence on mosquito distributions. Of the mosquito species modeled, the distribution of Ae. taylori correlated most strongly with abundance of CHIKV, suggesting that presence of this species will be a useful predictor of sylvatic CHIKV presence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2832-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Campbell CL, Dickson LB, Lozano-Fuentes S, Juneja P, Jiggins FM, Black WC. Alternative patterns of sex chromosome differentiation in Aedes aegypti (L). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:943. [PMID: 29202694 PMCID: PMC5716240 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some populations of West African Aedes aegypti, the dengue and zika vector, are reproductively incompatible; our earlier study showed that divergence and rearrangements of genes on chromosome 1, which bears the sex locus (M), may be involved. We also previously described a proposed cryptic subspecies SenAae (PK10, Senegal) that had many more high inter-sex FST genes on chromosome 1 than did Ae.aegypti aegypti (Aaa, Pai Lom, Thailand). The current work more thoroughly explores the significance of those findings. Results Intersex standardized variance (FST) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was characterized from genomic exome capture libraries of both sexes in representative natural populations of Aaa and SenAae. Our goal was to identify SNPs that varied in frequency between males and females, and most were expected to occur on chromosome 1. Use of the assembled AaegL4 reference alleviated the previous problem of unmapped genes. Because the M locus gene nix was not captured and not present in AaegL4, the male-determining locus, per se, was not explored. Sex-associated genes were those with FST values ≥ 0.100 and/or with increased expected heterozygosity (Hexp, one-sided T-test, p < 0.05) in males. There were 85 genes common to both collections with high inter-sex FST values; all genes but one were located on chromosome 1. Aaa showed the expected cluster of high inter-sex FST genes proximal to the M locus, whereas SenAae had inter-sex FST genes along the length of chromosome 1. In addition, the Aaa M-locus proximal region showed increased Hexp levels in males, whereas SenAae did not. In SenAae, chromosomal rearrangements and subsequent suppressed recombination may have accelerated X-Y differentiation. Conclusions The evidence presented here is consistent with differential evolution of proto-Y chromosomes in Aaa and SenAae. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4348-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1692, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Laura B Dickson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1692, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Saul Lozano-Fuentes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1692, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Punita Juneja
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Francis M Jiggins
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - William C Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1692, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Tseng WH, Chang CK, Wu PC, Hu NJ, Lee GH, Tzeng CC, Neidle S, Hou MH. Induced-Fit Recognition of CCG Trinucleotide Repeats by a Nickel-Chromomycin Complex Resulting in Large-Scale DNA Deformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Tseng
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo-kuang Rd. Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chung-ke Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Wu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo-kuang Rd. Taichung Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jen Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo-kuang Rd. Taichung Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center; College of Science; National Taiwan University; No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cherng Tzeng
- Department of Pathology; Chi Mei Medical Center; No.901, Zhonghua Rd. Tainan Taiwan
| | - Stephen Neidle
- The School of Pharmacy; University College London; London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo-kuang Rd. Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo-kuang Rd. Taichung Taiwan
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17
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Tseng WH, Chang CK, Wu PC, Hu NJ, Lee GH, Tzeng CC, Neidle S, Hou MH. Induced-Fit Recognition of CCG Trinucleotide Repeats by a Nickel-Chromomycin Complex Resulting in Large-Scale DNA Deformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8761-8765. [PMID: 28544401 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule compounds targeting trinucleotide repeats in DNA have considerable potential as therapeutic or diagnostic agents against many neurological diseases. NiII (Chro)2 (Chro=chromomycin A3) binds specifically to the minor groove of (CCG)n repeats in duplex DNA, with unique fluorescence features that may serve as a probe for disease detection. Crystallographic studies revealed that the specificity originates from the large-scale spatial rearrangement of the DNA structure, including extrusion of consecutive bases and backbone distortions, with a sharp bending of the duplex accompanied by conformational changes in the NiII chelate itself. The DNA deformation of CCG repeats upon binding forms a GGCC tetranucleotide tract, which is recognized by NiII (Chro)2 . The extruded cytosine and last guanine nucleotides form water-mediated hydrogen bonds, which aid in ligand recognition. The recognition can be accounted for by the classic induced-fit paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Tseng
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ke Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Wu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jen Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cherng Tzeng
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, Zhonghua Rd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Neidle
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Crawford JE, Alves JM, Palmer WJ, Day JP, Sylla M, Ramasamy R, Surendran SN, Black WC, Pain A, Jiggins FM. Population genomics reveals that an anthropophilic population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in West Africa recently gave rise to American and Asian populations of this major disease vector. BMC Biol 2017; 15:16. [PMID: 28241828 PMCID: PMC5329927 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. This major disease vector is thought to have arisen when the African subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus evolved from being zoophilic and living in forest habitats into a form that specialises on humans and resides near human population centres. The resulting domestic subspecies, Ae. aegypti aegypti, is found throughout the tropics and largely blood-feeds on humans. RESULTS To understand this transition, we have sequenced the exomes of mosquitoes collected from five populations from around the world. We found that Ae. aegypti specimens from an urban population in Senegal in West Africa were more closely related to populations in Mexico and Sri Lanka than they were to a nearby forest population. We estimate that the populations in Senegal and Mexico split just a few hundred years ago, and we found no evidence of Ae. aegypti aegypti mosquitoes migrating back to Africa from elsewhere in the tropics. The out-of-Africa migration was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in effective population size, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity and rare genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a domestic population of Ae. aegypti in Senegal and domestic populations on other continents are more closely related to each other than to other African populations. This suggests that an ancestral population of Ae. aegypti evolved to become a human specialist in Africa, giving rise to the subspecies Ae. aegypti aegypti. The descendants of this population are still found in West Africa today, and the rest of the world was colonised when mosquitoes from this population migrated out of Africa. This is the first report of an African population of Ae. aegypti aegypti mosquitoes that is closely related to Asian and American populations. As the two subspecies differ in their ability to vector disease, their existence side by side in West Africa may have important implications for disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Crawford
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
- Present Address: Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joel M Alves
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - William J Palmer
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Jonathan P Day
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Massamba Sylla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Sinnathamby N Surendran
- ID-FISH Technology, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
| | - William C Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Arnab Pain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Francis M Jiggins
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
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Exon-Enriched Libraries Reveal Large Genic Differences Between Aedes aegypti from Senegal, West Africa, and Populations Outside Africa. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:571-582. [PMID: 28007834 PMCID: PMC5295602 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.036053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is one of the most studied mosquito species, and the principal vector of several arboviruses pathogenic to humans. Recently failure to oviposit, low fecundity, and poor egg-to-adult survival were observed when Ae. aegypti from Senegal (SenAae) West Africa were crossed with Ae. aegypti (Aaa) from outside of Africa, and in SenAae intercrosses. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses indicated rearrangements on chromosome 1, and pericentric inversions on chromosomes 2 and 3. Herein, high throughput sequencing (HTS) of exon-enriched libraries was used to compare chromosome-wide genetic diversity among Aaa collections from rural Thailand and Mexico, a sylvatic collection from southeastern Senegal (PK10), and an urban collection from western Senegal (Kaolack). Sex-specific polymorphisms were analyzed in Thailand and PK10 to assess genetic differences between sexes. Expected heterozygosity was greatest in SenAae FST distributions of 15,735 genes among all six pairwise comparisons of the four collections indicated that Mexican and Thailand collections are genetically similar, while FST distributions between PK10 and Kaolack were distinct. All four comparisons of SenAae with Aaa indicated extreme differentiation. FST was uniform between sexes across all chromosomes in Thailand, but were different, especially on the sex autosome 1, in PK10. These patterns correlate with the reproductive isolation noted earlier. We hypothesize that cryptic Ae. aegypti taxa may exist in West Africa, and the large genic differences between Aaa and SenAae detected in the present study have accumulated over a long period following the evolution of chromosome rearrangements in allopatric populations that subsequently cause reproductive isolation when these populations became sympatric.
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20
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Gloria-Soria A, Ayala D, Bheecarry A, Calderon-Arguedas O, Chadee DD, Chiappero M, Coetzee M, Elahee KB, Fernandez-Salas I, Kamal HA, Kamgang B, Khater EIM, Kramer LD, Kramer V, Lopez-Solis A, Lutomiah J, Martins A, Micieli MV, Paupy C, Ponlawat A, Rahola N, Rasheed SB, Richardson JB, Saleh AA, Sanchez-Casas RM, Seixas G, Sousa CA, Tabachnick WJ, Troyo A, Powell JR. Global genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5377-5395. [PMID: 27671732 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti, are becoming important models for studying invasion biology. We characterized genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci in 79 populations of Ae. aegypti from 30 countries in six continents, and used them to infer historical and modern patterns of invasion. Our results support the two subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus and Ae. aegypti aegypti as genetically distinct units. Ae. aegypti aegypti populations outside Africa are derived from ancestral African populations and are monophyletic. The two subspecies co-occur in both East Africa (Kenya) and West Africa (Senegal). In rural/forest settings (Rabai District of Kenya), the two subspecies remain genetically distinct, whereas in urban settings, they introgress freely. Populations outside Africa are highly genetically structured likely due to a combination of recent founder effects, discrete discontinuous habitats and low migration rates. Ancestral populations in sub-Saharan Africa are less genetically structured, as are the populations in Asia. Introduction of Ae. aegypti to the New World coinciding with trans-Atlantic shipping in the 16th to 18th centuries was followed by its introduction to Asia in the late 19th century from the New World or from now extinct populations in the Mediterranean Basin. Aedes mascarensis is a genetically distinct sister species to Ae. aegypti s.l. This study provides a reference database of genetic diversity that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions that occur regularly for this invasive species. The genetic uniqueness of many populations and regions has important implications for attempts to control Ae. aegypti, especially for the methods using genetic modification of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Ayala
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France.,Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ambicadutt Bheecarry
- Vector Biology and Control Division, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Olger Calderon-Arguedas
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Dave D Chadee
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI
| | - Marina Chiappero
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maureen Coetzee
- School of Pathology, Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Khouaildi Bin Elahee
- Vector Biology and Control Division, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Mauritius
| | | | - Hany A Kamal
- Dallah Establishment, Pest Control Projects, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Research Unit Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Oganisation de Coordination pour la lute contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Emad I M Khater
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Kramer
- Vector Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alma Lopez-Solis
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública INSP, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 54628-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ademir Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Victoria Micieli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | - Nil Rahola
- Laboratory MIVEGEC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Syed Basit Rasheed
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Amag A Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa Maria Sanchez-Casas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Escobedo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla A Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Walter J Tabachnick
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, IFAS, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Troyo
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jeffrey R Powell
- Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
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