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Ustianowski P, Malinowski D, Czerewaty M, Safranow K, Tarnowski M, Dziedziejko V, Pawlik A. THADA, SDHAF4, and MACF1 Gene Polymorphisms and Placental Expression in Women with Gestational Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010083. [PMID: 36672824 PMCID: PMC9859259 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder in pregnant women leading to various complications. Consequently, factors predisposing its development are being sought. Previous studies have shown that the pathogenesis of GDM is similar to that of type 2 diabetes, and it is therefore thought that the two diseases may have a common genetic basis. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between thyroid adenoma-associated (THADA) rs7578597 T>C, succinate dehydrogenase complex assembly factor 4 (SDHAF4) rs1048886 A>G, and microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) rs2296172 A>G gene polymorphisms and the risk of GDM development as well as selected clinical parameters in women with GDM. We also examined the expression of these genes in the placenta of women with and without GDM in association with clinical parameters. This case-control study included 272 pregnant women with GDM and 348 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the THADA rs7578597 T>C, SDHAF4 rs1048886 A>G, and MACF1 rs2296172 A>G gene polymorphisms between pregnant control women and women with GDM. The associations between clinical parameters such as body mass before pregnancy, body mass at birth, body mass increase during pregnancy, BMI before pregnancy, BMI at birth, BMI increase during pregnancy, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), daily insulin requirement, childbirth time, and newborn body mass and APGAR score, and the THADA rs7578597 T>C, SDHAF4 rs1048886 A>G, and MACF1 rs2296172 A>G genotypes were statistically non-significant. We only observed lower values of body mass before pregnancy and body mass at birth in women with the SDHAF4 rs1048886 AG genotype in comparison with AA genotype carriers. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of THADA, SDHAF4, and MACF1 genes in the placenta between women with GDM and healthy women. There were also no statistically significant correlations between THADA, SDHAF4, and MACF1 gene expression in the placenta and clinical parameters. The results of our study suggest that THADA rs7578597 T>C, SDHAF4 rs1048886 A>G, and MACF1 rs2296172 A>G gene polymorphisms are not significant factors associated with GDM onset. In addition, SDHAF4 rs1048886 A>G may be associated with body mass before pregnancy and body mass at birth in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Czerewaty
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Wessels MW, Cnossen MH, van Dijk TB, Gillemans N, Schmidt KLJ, van Lom K, Vinjamur DS, Coyne S, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, de Man SA, Pfundt R, Azmani Z, Brouwer RWW, Bauer DE, van den Hout MCGN, van IJcken WFJ, Philipsen S. Molecular analysis of the erythroid phenotype of a patient with BCL11A haploinsufficiency. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2339-2349. [PMID: 33938942 PMCID: PMC8114548 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL11A gene encodes a transcriptional repressor with essential functions in multiple tissues during human development. Haploinsufficiency for BCL11A causes Dias-Logan syndrome (OMIM 617101), an intellectual developmental disorder with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). Due to the severe phenotype, disease-causing variants in BCL11A occur de novo. We describe a patient with a de novo heterozygous variant, c.1453G>T, in the BCL11A gene, resulting in truncation of the BCL11A-XL protein (p.Glu485X). The truncated protein lacks the 3 C-terminal DNA-binding zinc fingers and the nuclear localization signal, rendering it inactive. The patient displayed high fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels (12.1-18.7% of total hemoglobin), in contrast to the parents who had HbF levels of 0.3%. We used cultures of patient-derived erythroid progenitors to determine changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. In addition, we investigated DNA methylation of the promoters of the γ-globin genes HBG1 and HBG2. HUDEP1 and HUDEP2 cells were used as models for fetal and adult human erythropoiesis, respectively. Similar to HUDEP1 cells, the patient's cells displayed Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC) peaks at the HBG1/2 promoters and significant expression of HBG1/2 genes. In contrast, HBG1/2 promoter methylation and genome-wide gene expression profiling were consistent with normal adult erythropoiesis. We conclude that HPFH is the major erythroid phenotype of constitutive BCL11A haploinsufficiency. Given the essential functions of BCL11A in other hematopoietic lineages and the neuronal system, erythroid-specific targeting of the BCL11A gene has been proposed for reactivation of γ-globin expression in β-hemoglobinopathy patients. Our data strongly support this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjon H Cnossen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology
- Academic Center for Hemoglobinopathies and Rare Anemias
| | - Thamar B van Dijk
- Academic Center for Hemoglobinopathies and Rare Anemias
- Department of Cell Biology, and
| | - Nynke Gillemans
- Academic Center for Hemoglobinopathies and Rare Anemias
- Department of Cell Biology, and
| | - K L Juliëtte Schmidt
- Academic Center for Hemoglobinopathies and Rare Anemias
- Department of Cell Biology, and
| | - Kirsten van Lom
- Academic Center for Hemoglobinopathies and Rare Anemias
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Divya S Vinjamur
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven Coyne
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN, BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Stella A de Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Zakia Azmani
- Department of Cell Biology, and
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Department of Cell Biology, and
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Department of Cell Biology, and
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Academic Center for Hemoglobinopathies and Rare Anemias
- Department of Cell Biology, and
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3
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BCL11A: a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in human diseases. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220893. [PMID: 31654056 PMCID: PMC6851505 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) gene encodes a zinc-finger protein that is predominantly expressed in brain and hematopoietic tissue. BCL11A functions mainly as a transcriptional repressor that is crucial in brain, hematopoietic system development, as well as fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switching. The expression of this gene is regulated by microRNAs, transcription factors and genetic variations. A number of studies have recently shown that BCL11A is involved in β-hemoglobinopathies, hematological malignancies, malignant solid tumors, 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome, and Type II diabetes. It has been suggested that BCL11A may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for some diseases. In this review, we summarize the current research state of BCL11A, including its biochemistry, expression, regulation, function, and its possible clinical application in human diseases.
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Graae AS, Grarup N, Ribel-Madsen R, Lystbæk SH, Boesgaard T, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Wellner N, Sulek K, Kjolby M, Backe MB, Chubanava S, Prats C, Serup AK, Birk JB, Dubail J, Gillberg L, Vienberg SG, Nykjær A, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Larsen S, Apte SS, Häring HU, Vaag A, Zethelius B, Pedersen O, Treebak JT, Hansen T, Holst B. ADAMTS9 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Through Extracellular Matrix Alterations. Diabetes 2019; 68:502-514. [PMID: 30626608 PMCID: PMC6385758 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ADAMTS9 rs4607103 C allele is one of the few gene variants proposed to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes through an impairment of insulin sensitivity. We show that the variant is associated with increased expression of the secreted ADAMTS9 and decreased insulin sensitivity and signaling in human skeletal muscle. In line with this, mice lacking Adamts9 selectively in skeletal muscle have improved insulin sensitivity. The molecular link between ADAMTS9 and insulin signaling was characterized further in a model where ADAMTS9 was overexpressed in skeletal muscle. This selective overexpression resulted in decreased insulin signaling presumably mediated through alterations of the integrin β1 signaling pathway and disruption of the intracellular cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, this led to impaired mitochondrial function in mouse muscle-an observation found to be of translational character because humans carrying the ADAMTS9 risk allele have decreased expression of mitochondrial markers. Finally, we found that the link between ADAMTS9 overexpression and impaired insulin signaling could be due to accumulation of harmful lipid intermediates. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and point to inhibition of ADAMTS9 as a potential novel mode of treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Graae
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Sara H Lystbæk
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Boesgaard
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Wellner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Balslev Backe
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabina Chubanava
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Dubail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Sara G Vienberg
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjær
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Allan Vaag
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Moraru A, Cakan-Akdogan G, Strassburger K, Males M, Mueller S, Jabs M, Muelleder M, Frejno M, Braeckman BP, Ralser M, Teleman AA. THADA Regulates the Organismal Balance between Energy Storage and Heat Production. Dev Cell 2017; 41:72-81.e6. [PMID: 28399403 PMCID: PMC5392496 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human susceptibility to obesity is mainly genetic, yet the underlying evolutionary drivers causing variation from person to person are not clear. One theory rationalizes that populations that have adapted to warmer climates have reduced their metabolic rates, thereby increasing their propensity to store energy. We uncover here the function of a gene that supports this theory. THADA is one of the genes most strongly selected during evolution as humans settled in different climates. We report here that THADA knockout flies are obese, hyperphagic, have reduced energy production, and are sensitive to the cold. THADA binds the sarco/ER Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and acts on it as an uncoupler. Reducing SERCA activity in THADA mutant flies rescues their obesity, pinpointing SERCA as a key effector of THADA function. In sum, this identifies THADA as a regulator of the balance between energy consumption and energy storage, which was selected during human evolution. Drosophila knockouts of the conserved gene THADA are obese and hyperphagic THADA knockouts produce less heat and are cold sensitive THADA binds SERCA and uncouples its ATP hydrolysis from Ca2+ pumping Reducing SERCA activity rescues the THADA loss-of-function phenotypes
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matilda Males
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Mueller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Jabs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Muelleder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Martin Frejno
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Rasheed MA, Kantoush N, Abd El-Ghaffar N, Farouk H, Kamel S, Ibrahim AA, Shalaby A, Mahmoud E, Raslan HM, Saleh OM. Expression of JAZF1, ABCC8, KCNJ11and Notch2 genes and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes, and their association with microvascular complications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2017; 8:97-108. [PMID: 28794851 PMCID: PMC5524251 DOI: 10.1177/2042018817708910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied JAZF1, ABCC8, KCNJ11and Notch2 gene expression and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (Fok1 and Bsm1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and tried to find out their association with microvascular complications in these patients. METHODS The study was conducted on 180 patients (93 complicated and 87 noncomplicated) and 150 healthy subjects. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess gene expression and real-time PCR was used to detect VDR genotypes. Serum vitamin D was assessed using Elisa technique. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index and glycated hemoglobin, altered Notch2 gene expression was found between patients and controls and between complicated and noncomplicated cases (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and ABCC8 gene expression showed significant difference between patients and controls only (p = 0.003), while JAZF1and KCNJ11 expression showed no significant difference between the studied groups (p = 0.3 and 0.4, respectively). Serum vitamin D level was decreased in patients compared with controls (p = 0.001), while no difference was detected between complicated and noncomplicated cases (p = 0.1). Our results revealed no significant difference in VDR Fok1 and Bsm1 genotype distributions (p = 0.7 and 0.1, respectively) and allele frequencies (p = 0.4 and 0.1, respectively) between patients and controls. Patients with complications showed increased frequencies of Fok1GG genotype and G allele, while patients without complications showed increased frequencies of AA, then AG Fok1 genotype and A allele (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). In addition, the frequencies of CC Bsm1 genotype and C allele were significantly higher among patients with complications, while frequencies of TT Bsm1 genotype and T allele were significantly higher among patients without complications (p = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION Altered expression of Notch2 and ABCC8 genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Altered expression of Notch2 and VDR polymorphisms may play a role in the development of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. These results may assist in early identification and management of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Rasheed
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Kantoush
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Abd El-Ghaffar
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Farouk
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Solaf Kamel
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Aliaa Shalaby
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mahmoud
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Raslan
- Internal Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omneya M. Saleh
- Internal Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
This article describes phenotypes observed in a prediabetic population (i.e. a population with increased risk for type 2 diabetes) from data collected at the University hospital of Tübingen. We discuss the impact of genetic variation on insulin secretion, in particular the effect on compensatory hypersecretion, and the incretin-resistant phenotype of carriers of the gene variant TCF7L2 is described. Imaging studies used to characterise subphenotypes of fat distribution, metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity are described. Also discussed are ectopic fat stores in liver and pancreas that determine the phenotype of metabolically healthy and unhealthy fatty liver and the recently recognised phenotype of fatty pancreas. The metabolic impact of perivascular adipose tissue and pancreatic fat is discussed. The role of hepatokines, particularly that of fetuin-A, in the crosstalk between these organs is described. Finally, the role of brain insulin resistance in the development of the different prediabetes phenotypes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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Yoshina S, Mitani S. Loss of C. elegans GON-1, an ADAMTS9 Homolog, Decreases Secretion Resulting in Altered Lifespan and Dauer Formation. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218657 PMCID: PMC4517882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS9 is a metalloprotease that cleaves components of the extracellular matrix and is also implicated in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. It has been reported that an ADAMTS9 gene variant is associated with type 2 diabetes. The underlying pathology of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ADAMTS9 function in beta cells and peripheral tissues are unknown. We show that loss of C. elegans GON-1, an ADAMTS9 homolog, alters lifespan and dauer formation. GON-1 loss impairs secretion of proteins such as insulin orthologs and TGF-beta, and additionally impacts insulin/IGF-1 signaling in peripheral tissues. The function of the GON domain, but not the protease domain, is essential for normal lifespan and dauer formation in these scenarios. We conclude that the GON domain is critical for ADAMTS9/GON-1 function across species, which should help the understanding of type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162–8666, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162–8666, Japan
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (TIIMS), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162–8666, Japan
- * E-mail:
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9
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Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Krishnaswamy S, Mohammed AK, Alenad AM, Chrousos GP, Alokail MS. Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus related SNP genotypes with altered serum adipokine levels and metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4464-4471. [PMID: 26064370 PMCID: PMC4443204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of T2DM involves secretion of several pro-inflammatory molecules by the dramatically increased adipocytes, both by number and size, and associated macrophages of adipose tissue. Since T2DM is usually preceded by obesity and chronic systemic inflammation, the objective of this study was to explore for any association between genetic variants of previously established 36 T2DM-associated SNPs and altered serum adipocytokine levels and metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Study consisted of 566 subjects (284 males and 282 females) of whom 147 were T2DM patients and 419 healthy controls. Study subjects were genotyped for 36 T2DM-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the KASPar SNP Genotyping System and grouped into different genotypes for each SNP. Various anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured following standard procedures. The mean values of serum levels of individual adipocytokines and the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome phenotypes corresponding to various genotypes were compared by determining the odds ratios. Genotypic variants of five and seven of the 36 T2DM-related SNPs were significantly associated with altered serum levels of adiponectin and aPAI, respectively. Six variants of the 36 SNPs were associated with metabolic syndrome manifestations. This study identified positive associations between genotypic variants of five and seven of the 36 T2DM related SNPs and altered serum levels of adiponectin and aPAI, respectively. Six of 36 SNPs were also associated with metabolic syndrome in the studied population. The relation between specific SNPs and individual phenotypic traits may be useful in explaining the causal mechanisms of hereditary component of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
| | - Soundararajan Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
| | - Amal M Alenad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, KSA
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Ben-Shlomo I, Younis JS. Basic research in PCOS: are we reaching new frontiers? Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:669-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Trombetta M, Bonetti S, Boselli ML, Miccoli R, Trabetti E, Malerba G, Pignatti PF, Bonora E, Del Prato S, Bonadonna RC. PPARG2 Pro12Ala and ADAMTS9 rs4607103 as "insulin resistance loci" and "insulin secretion loci" in Italian individuals. The GENFIEV study and the Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS) 4. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:401-8. [PMID: 23161442 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated cross-sectionally whether the type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk alleles of rs1801282 (PPARG2) and rs4607103 (ADAMTS9) were associated with T2DM and/or insulin sensitivity (IS) and beta cell function (βF) in Italians without and with newly diagnosed T2DM. In 676 nondiabetic subjects (336 NGR and 340 IGR) from the GENFIEV study and in 597 patients from the Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS), we (1) genotyped rs1801282 and rs4607103, (2) assessed βF by C-peptide/glucose modeling after OGTT, and (3) assessed IS by HOMA-IR in both studies and by euglycemic insulin clamp in VNDS only. Logistic, linear, and two-stage least squares regression analyses were used to test (a) genetic associations with T2DM and with pathophysiological phenotypes, (b) causal relationships of the latter ones with T2DM by a Mendelian randomization design. Both SNPs were associated with T2DM. The rs4607103 risk allele was associated to impaired βF (p < 0.01) in the GENFIEV study and in both cohorts combined. The rs1801282 genotype was associated with IS both in the GENFIEV study (p < 0.03) and in the VNDS (p < 0.03), whereas rs4607103 did so in the VNDS only (p = 0.01). In a Mendelian randomization design, both HOMA-IR (instrumental variables: rs1801282, rs4607103) and βF (instrumental variable: rs4607103) were related to T2DM (p < 0.03-0.01 and p < 0.03, respectively). PPARG2 and ADAMTS9 variants are both associated with T2DM and with insulin resistance, whereas only ADAMTS9 may be related to βF. Thus, at least in Italians, they may be considered bona fide "insulin resistance genes".
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trombetta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
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12
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Ho MM, Yoganathan P, Chu KY, Karunakaran S, Johnson JD, Clee SM. Diabetes genes identified by genome-wide association studies are regulated in mice by nutritional factors in metabolically relevant tissues and by glucose concentrations in islets. BMC Genet 2013; 14:10. [PMID: 23442068 PMCID: PMC3664586 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently identified many new genetic variants associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Many of these variants are in introns of known genes or between known genes, suggesting they affect the expression of these genes. The regulation of gene expression is often tissue and context dependent, for example occurring in response to dietary changes, hormone levels, or many other factors. Thus, to understand how these new genetic variants associated with diabetes risk may act, it is necessary to understand the regulation of their cognate genes. Results We identified fourteen type 2 diabetes-associated genes discovered by the first waves of GWAS for which there was little prior evidence of their potential role in diabetes (Adam30, Adamts9, Camk1d, Cdc123, Cdkal1, Cdkn2a, Cdkn2b, Ext2, Hhex, Ide, Jazf1, Lgr5, Thada and Tspan8). We examined their expression in metabolically relevant tissues including liver, adipose tissue, brain, and hypothalamus obtained from mice under fasted, non-fasted and high fat diet-fed conditions. In addition, we examined their expression in pancreatic islets from these mice cultured in low and high glucose. We found that the expression of Jazf1 was reduced by high fat feeding in liver, with similar tendencies in adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. Adamts9 expression was decreased in the hypothalamus of high fat fed mice. In contrast, the expression of Camk1d, Ext2, Jazf1 and Lgr5 were increased in the brain of non-fasted animals compared to fasted mice. Most notably, the expression levels of most of the genes were decreased in islets cultured in high glucose. Conclusions These data provide insight into the metabolic regulation of these new type 2 diabetes genes that will be important for determining how the GWAS variants affect gene expression and ultimately the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie M Ho
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Li J, Guo YF, Pei Y, Deng HW. The impact of imputation on meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34486. [PMID: 22496814 PMCID: PMC3320624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype imputation is often used in the meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), for combining data from different studies and/or genotyping platforms, in order to improve the ability for detecting disease variants with small to moderate effects. However, how genotype imputation affects the performance of the meta-analysis of GWAS is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of genotype imputation on the performance of meta-analysis through simulations based on empirical data from the Framingham Heart Study. We found that when fix-effects models were used, considerable between-study heterogeneity was detected when causal variants were typed in only some but not all individual studies, resulting in up to ∼25% reduction of detection power. For certain situations, the power of the meta-analysis can be even less than that of individual studies. Additional analyses showed that the detection power was slightly improved when between-study heterogeneity was partially controlled through the random-effects model, relative to that of the fixed-effects model. Our study may aid in the planning, data analysis, and interpretation of GWAS meta-analysis results when genotype imputation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Yan-fang Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Pei
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics and the Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Genetic variants on chromosome 6p21.1 and 6p22.3 are associated with type 2 diabetes risk: a case-control study in Han Chinese. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:320-5. [PMID: 22437209 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21.1 and 6p22.3 as type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility loci in the European and Japanese populations. However, these SNPs have not been well evaluated in Chinese population. Here, we performed a case-control study with 2925 T2D cases and 3281 controls in a Chinese population. We used TaqMan OpenArray and Sequenom MassARRAY to genotype the four SNPs (rs4712523, rs7756992, rs4712524 and rs6931514) in CDKAL1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1) at 6p22.3 and one SNP (rs9472138) near vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) at 6p21.1. All the five SNPs were significantly associated with T2D risk with overall effects (odds ratio, OR) from 1.19 to 1.29 in the additive genetic model (rs6931514: OR=1.29, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)=1.19-1.39, P=5.6 × 10(-10); rs7756992: OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.15-1.32, P=1.2 × 10(-8); rs4712523: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.15-1.35, P=3.8 × 10(-8); rs4712524: OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.15-1.35, P=6.8 × 10(-8); rs9472138: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.05-1.34, P=006). Conditional analysis identified two independent signals (rs6931514 at 6p22.3 and rs9472138 at 6p21.1) that were significantly associated with T2D. Compared with the wild homozygote of rs6931514 and rs9472138, subjects with variant alleles of the two SNPs had increased risk for T2D susceptibility in a dose-response manner (P(trend)=7.4 × 10(-12)). Our findings indicated that genetic variants of CDKAL1 and VEGFA on chromosome 6 may contribute to T2D risk in Chinese population, especially for rs9472138 at 6p21.1 identified for the first time to significantly increase the T2D risk in Chinese individuals.
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Gupta V, Vinay DG, Rafiq S, Kranthikumar MV, Janipalli CS, Giambartolomei C, Evans DM, Mani KR, Sandeep MN, Taylor AE, Kinra S, Sullivan RM, Bowen L, Timpson NJ, Smith GD, Dudbridge F, Prabhakaran D, Ben-Shlomo Y, Reddy KS, Ebrahim S, Chandak GR. Association analysis of 31 common polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes and its related traits in Indian sib pairs. Diabetologia 2012; 55:349-57. [PMID: 22052079 PMCID: PMC3245821 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Evaluation of the association of 31 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-beta cell function (HOMA-β), HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and type 2 diabetes in the Indian population. METHODS We genotyped 3,089 sib pairs recruited in the Indian Migration Study from four cities in India (Lucknow, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bangalore) for 31 SNPs in 24 genes previously associated with type 2 diabetes in European populations. We conducted within-sib-pair analysis for type 2 diabetes and its related quantitative traits. RESULTS The risk-allele frequencies of all the SNPs were comparable with those reported in western populations. We demonstrated significant associations of CXCR4 (rs932206), CDKAL1 (rs7756992) and TCF7L2 (rs7903146, rs12255372) with fasting glucose, with β values of 0.007 (p = 0.05), 0.01 (p = 0.01), 0.007 (p = 0.05), 0.01 (p = 0.003) and 0.08 (p = 0.01), respectively. Variants in NOTCH2 (rs10923931), TCF-2 (also known as HNF1B) (rs757210), ADAM30 (rs2641348) and CDKN2A/B (rs10811661) significantly predicted fasting insulin, with β values of -0.06 (p = 0.04), 0.05 (p = 0.05), -0.08 (p = 0.01) and -0.08 (p = 0.02), respectively. For HOMA-IR, we detected associations with TCF-2, ADAM30 and CDKN2A/B, with β values of 0.05 (p = 0.04), -0.07 (p = 0.03) and -0.08 (p = 0.02), respectively. We also found significant associations of ADAM30 (β = -0.05; p = 0.01) and CDKN2A/B (β = -0.05; p = 0.03) with HOMA-β. THADA variant (rs7578597) was associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.04, 2.22; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We validated the association of seven established loci with intermediate traits related to type 2 diabetes in an Indian population using a design resistant to population stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Gupta
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, C-1/52, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016 India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - D. G. Vinay
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - S. Rafiq
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - M. V. Kranthikumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - C. S. Janipalli
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - C. Giambartolomei
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - D. M. Evans
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K. R. Mani
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - M. N. Sandeep
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - A. E. Taylor
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S. Kinra
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - R. M. Sullivan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - L. Bowen
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N. J. Timpson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G. D. Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - F. Dudbridge
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London, UK
| | | | - Y. Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K. S. Reddy
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, C-1/52, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016 India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Ebrahim
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, C-1/52, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016 India
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London, UK
| | - G. R. Chandak
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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Burgdorf KS, Gjesing AP, Grarup N, Justesen JM, Sandholt CH, Witte DR, Jørgensen T, Madsbad S, Hansen T, Pedersen O. Association studies of novel obesity-related gene variants with quantitative metabolic phenotypes in a population-based sample of 6,039 Danish individuals. Diabetologia 2012; 55:105-13. [PMID: 21953277 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Genome-wide association studies have identified novel WHR and BMI susceptibility loci. The aim of this study was to elucidate if any of these loci had an effect on quantitative measures of glucose homeostasis, including estimates of insulin release and insulin sensitivity in an epidemiological setting. METHODS By applying an additive genetic model, 14 WHR-associated gene variants and 18 BMI-associated variants were investigated for their relationships with glucose-related metabolic traits in treatment-naive individuals from the population-based Inter99 study sample (n = 6,039). RESULTS Of the variants associated with BMI, the QPCTL rs2287019 C allele was associated with an increased insulinogenic index of 7.4% per risk allele (p = 4.0 × 10⁻⁷) and increased disposition index of 5.6% (p = 6.4 × 10⁻⁵). The LRP1B rs2890652 C allele was associated with insulin resistance, showing a 3.3% increase (p = 0.0011) using the HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and a 2.2% reduction (p = 0.0014) with the Matsuda index. Of the variants associated with WHR, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10 rs4846567 G allele carriers showed a 5.2% lower HOMA-IR (p = 0.00086) in women, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Female carriers of the VEGFA rs6905288 A allele were insulin resistant, with a 3.7% increase in HOMA-IR (p = 0.00036) and 4.0% decrease in Matsuda index (p = 2 × 10⁻⁴). CONCLUSIONS Our correlative findings from analysing single-locus data suggest that some variation in validated BMI and WHR loci are associated with either increased or decreased insulin sensitivity and thereby potentially with metabolically healthy or metabolically unhealthy subsets of obesity. The results call for testing in larger study samples and for further physiological exploration of the possible metabolic implications of these loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Burgdorf
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DIKU Building, Room 1.1.N121, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kloth L, Belge G, Burchardt K, Loeschke S, Wosniok W, Fu X, Nimzyk R, Mohamed SA, Drieschner N, Rippe V, Bullerdiek J. Decrease in thyroid adenoma associated (THADA) expression is a marker of dedifferentiation of thyroid tissue. BMC Clin Pathol 2011; 11:13. [PMID: 22050638 PMCID: PMC3229435 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid adenoma associated (THADA) has been identified as the target gene affected by chromosome 2p21 translocations in thyroid adenomas, but the role of THADA in the thyroid is still elusive. The aim of this study was to quantify THADA gene expression in normal tissues and in thyroid hyper- and neoplasias, using real-time PCR. Methods For the analysis THADA and 18S rRNA gene expression assays were performed on 34 normal tissue samples, including thyroid, salivary gland, heart, endometrium, myometrium, lung, blood, and adipose tissue as well as on 85 thyroid hyper- and neoplasias, including three adenomas with a 2p21 translocation. In addition, NIS (sodium-iodide symporter) gene expression was measured on 34 of the pathological thyroid samples. Results Results illustrated that THADA expression in normal thyroid tissue was significantly higher (p < 0.0001, exact Wilcoxon test) than in the other tissues. Significant differences were also found between non-malignant pathological thyroid samples (goiters and adenomas) and malignant tumors (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test, t approximation), anaplastic carcinomas (ATCs) and all other samples and also between ATCs and all other malignant tumors (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test, t approximation). Furthermore, in thyroid tumors THADA mRNA expression was found to be inversely correlated with HMGA2 mRNA. HMGA2 expression was recently identified as a marker revealing malignant transformation of thyroid follicular tumors. A correlation between THADA and NIS has also been found in thyroid normal tissue and malignant tumors. Conclusions The results suggest THADA being a marker of dedifferentiation of thyroid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kloth
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Leobener Str, ZHG, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Schäfer SA, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Kantartzis K. New type 2 diabetes risk genes provide new insights in insulin secretion mechanisms. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93 Suppl 1:S9-24. [PMID: 21864758 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(11)70008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes results from the inability of beta cells to increase insulin secretion sufficiently to compensate for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is thought to result mainly from environmental factors, such as obesity. However, there is compelling evidence that the decline of both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion have also a genetic component. Recent genome-wide association studies identified several novel risk genes for type 2 diabetes. The vast majority of these genes affect beta cell function by molecular mechanisms that remain unknown in detail. Nevertheless, we and others could show that a group of genes affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a group incretin-stimulated insulin secretion (incretin sensitivity or secretion) and a group proinsulin-to-insulin conversion. The most important so far type 2 diabetes risk gene, TCF7L2, interferes with all three mechanisms. In addition to advancing knowledge in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, the discovery of novel genetic determinants of diabetes susceptibility may help understanding of gene-environment, gene-therapy and gene-gene interactions. It was also hoped that it could make determination of the individual risk for type 2 diabetes feasible. However, the allelic relative risks of most genetic variants discovered so far are relatively low. Thus, at present, clinical criteria assess the risk for type 2 diabetes with greater sensitivity and specificity than the combination of all known genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke A Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Jiang Y, Shen H, Liu X, Dai J, Jin G, Qin Z, Chen J, Wang S, Wang X, Hu Z, Shen H. Genetic variants at 1p11.2 and breast cancer risk: a two-stage study in Chinese women. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21563. [PMID: 21738711 PMCID: PMC3124527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several breast cancer susceptibility loci, and one genetic variant, rs11249433, at 1p11.2 was reported to be associated with breast cancer in European populations. To explore the genetic variants in this region associated with breast cancer in Chinese women, we conducted a two-stage fine-mapping study with a total of 1792 breast cancer cases and 1867 controls. Methodology/Principal Findings Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs11249433 in a 277 kb region at 1p11.2 were selected and genotyping was performed by using TaqMan® OpenArray™ Genotyping System for stage 1 samples (878 cases and 900 controls). In stage 2 (914 cases and 967 controls), three SNPs (rs2580520, rs4844616 and rs11249433) were further selected and genotyped for validation. The results showed that one SNP (rs2580520) located at a predicted enhancer region of SRGAP2 was consistently associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer in a recessive genetic model [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–2.36 for stage 2 samples; OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.16–1.97 for combined samples, respectively]. However, no significant association was observed between rs11249433 and breast cancer risk in this Chinese population (dominant genetic model in combined samples: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.92–1.57). Conclusions/Significance Genotypes of rs2580520 at 1p11.2 suggest that Chinese women may have different breast cancer susceptibility loci, which may contribute to the development of breast cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao'an Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Pereira TV, Patsopoulos NA, Pereira AC, Krieger JE. Strategies for genetic model specification in the screening of genome-wide meta-analysis signals for further replication. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 40:457-69. [PMID: 21149279 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analysis is increasingly being employed as a screening procedure in large-scale association studies to select promising variants for follow-up studies. However, standard methods for meta-analysis require the assumption of an underlying genetic model, which is typically unknown a priori. This drawback can introduce model misspecifications, causing power to be suboptimal, or the evaluation of multiple genetic models, which augments the number of false-positive associations, ultimately leading to waste of resources with fruitless replication studies. We used simulated meta-analyses of large genetic association studies to investigate naïve strategies of genetic model specification to optimize screenings of genome-wide meta-analysis signals for further replication. METHODS Different methods, meta-analytical models and strategies were compared in terms of power and type-I error. Simulations were carried out for a binary trait in a wide range of true genetic models, genome-wide thresholds, minor allele frequencies (MAFs), odds ratios and between-study heterogeneity (τ²). RESULTS Among the investigated strategies, a simple Bonferroni-corrected approach that fits both multiplicative and recessive models was found to be optimal in most examined scenarios, reducing the likelihood of false discoveries and enhancing power in scenarios with small MAFs either in the presence or in absence of heterogeneity. Nonetheless, this strategy is sensitive to τ² whenever the susceptibility allele is common (MAF ≥ 30%), resulting in an increased number of false-positive associations compared with an analysis that considers only the multiplicative model. CONCLUSION Invoking a simple Bonferroni adjustment and testing for both multiplicative and recessive models is fast and an optimal strategy in large meta-analysis-based screenings. However, care must be taken when examined variants are common, where specification of a multiplicative model alone may be preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago V Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), São Paulo University Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Abstract
For the past two decades, genetics has been widely explored as a tool for unraveling the pathogenesis of diabetes. Many risk alleles for type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia have been detected in recent years through massive genome-wide association studies and evidence exists that most of these variants influence pancreatic β-cell function. However, risk alleles in five loci seem to have a primary impact on insulin sensitivity. Investigations of more detailed physiologic phenotypes, such as the insulin response to intravenous glucose or the incretion hormones, are now emerging and give indications of more specific pathologic mechanisms for diabetes-related risk variants. Such studies have shed light on the function of some loci but also underlined the complex nature of disease mechanism. In the future, sequencing-based discovery of low-frequency variants with higher impact on intermediate diabetes-related traits is a likely scenario and identification of new pathways involved in type 2 diabetes predisposition will offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic and preventative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grarup
- Diabetes Genetics, Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sparsø
- Diabetes Genetics, Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Hagedorn Research Institute, Niels Steensens Vej 1, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
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23
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Müssig K, Staiger H, Machicao F, Häring HU, Fritsche A. Genetic variants affecting incretin sensitivity and incretin secretion. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2289-97. [PMID: 20714888 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies identified several novel risk genes for type 2 diabetes. The majority of these type 2 diabetes risk variants confer impaired pancreatic beta cell function. Though the molecular mechanisms by which common genetic variation within these loci affects beta cell function are not completely understood, risk variants may alter glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, proinsulin conversion, and incretin signals. In humans, the incretin effect is mediated by the secretion and insulinotropic action of two peptide hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1. This review article aims to give an overview of the type 2 diabetes risk loci that were found to associate with incretin secretion or incretin action, paying special attention to the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Müssig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Kantartzis K, Machann J, Schick F, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N. The impact of liver fat vs visceral fat in determining categories of prediabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53:882-9. [PMID: 20099057 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, their impact on these endpoints differs. Because liver fat and visceral fat are important determinants of glucose and lipid metabolism, we investigated whether these fat compartments and their humoral products, the adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fetuin-A, differ in their impact on the glucose categories. METHODS In 330 individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes, glucose tolerance status was determined by a 2 h 75 g OGTT. Total-body and visceral fat were precisely quantified by magnetic resonance (MR) tomography and liver fat by (1)H-MR spectroscopy. RESULTS A total of 210 individuals had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 41 isolated IFG, 43 isolated IGT and 36 IFG+IGT. Total-body fat was not different (p = 0.51), although a small but continuous increase in visceral fat was found among the categories after adjustment for age and sex (NGT: 3.07 +/- 0.10 kg; IFG: 3.11 +/- 0.21 kg; IGT: 3.61 +/- 0.21 kg; IFG+IGT: 3.84 +/- 0.23 kg [SEs], p = 0.03). A larger difference was found for liver fat (NGT: 4.73 +/- 0.42%; IFG: 5.86 +/- 0.92%; IGT: 8.65 +/- 0.92%; IFG + IGT: 11.11 +/- 1.01%, p < 0.0001). The differences among the categories were small for adiponectin (p = 0.14), but larger for fetuin-A (p = 0.015). Among fat compartments, liver fat (p < 0.0001) and among circulating variables fetuin-A (p = 0.016) were the strongest determinants of the categories. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Liver fat, more than visceral fat, strongly increases when glycaemia and glucose tolerance move from NGT to isolated IFG, isolated IGT and IFG+IGT. Because liver-derived circulating fetuin-A determines, although weakly, prediabetes categories, it is worth searching for hepatokines more strongly predicting prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Simonis-Bik AM, Nijpels G, van Haeften TW, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Boomsma DI, Reiling E, van Hove EC, Diamant M, Kramer MH, Heine RJ, Maassen JA, Slagboom PE, Willemsen G, Dekker JM, Eekhoff EM, de Geus EJ, 't Hart LM. Gene variants in the novel type 2 diabetes loci CDC123/CAMK1D, THADA, ADAMTS9, BCL11A, and MTNR1B affect different aspects of pancreatic beta-cell function. Diabetes 2010; 59:293-301. [PMID: 19833888 PMCID: PMC2797936 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, results from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies have yielded a number of novel type 2 diabetes loci. However, conflicting results have been published regarding their effects on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. In this study we used hyperglycemic clamps with three different stimuli to test associations between these novel loci and various measures of beta-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For this study, 336 participants, 180 normal glucose tolerant and 156 impaired glucose tolerant, underwent a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp. In a subset we also assessed the response to glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and arginine during an extended clamp (n = 123). All subjects were genotyped for gene variants in JAZF1, CDC123/CAMK1D, TSPAN8/LGR5, THADA, ADAMTS9, NOTCH2/ADAMS30, DCD, VEGFA, BCL11A, HNF1B, WFS1, and MTNR1B. RESULTS Gene variants in CDC123/CAMK1D, ADAMTS9, BCL11A, and MTNR1B affected various aspects of the insulin response to glucose (all P < 6.9 x 10(-3)). The THADA gene variant was associated with lower beta-cell response to GLP-1 and arginine (both P < 1.6 x 10(-3)), suggesting lower beta-cell mass as a possible pathogenic mechanism. Remarkably, we also noted a trend toward an increased insulin response to GLP-1 in carriers of MTNR1B (P = 0.03), which may offer new therapeutic possibilities. The other seven loci were not detectably associated with beta-cell function. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes risk alleles in CDC123/CAMK1D, THADA, ADAMTS9, BCL11A, and MTNR1B are associated with various specific aspects of beta-cell function. These findings point to a clear diversity in the impact that these various gene variants may have on (dys)function of pancreatic beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giel Nijpels
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timon W. van Haeften
- Department of Internal Medicine, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Reiling
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Els C. van Hove
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H.H. Kramer
- Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Heine
- Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - J. Antonie Maassen
- Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Dekker
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eco J. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M. 't Hart
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author: Leen M. 't Hart,
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Fisher E, Grallert H, Klapper M, Pfäfflin A, Schrezenmeir J, Illig T, Boeing H, Döring F. Evidence for the Thr79Met polymorphism of the ileal fatty acid binding protein (FABP6) to be associated with type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 98:400-5. [PMID: 19744871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ileal fatty acid binding protein (FABP6) is known to be involved in enterohepatic bile acid metabolism. We have previously found a significant association between the rare allele of the FABP6 Thr79Met polymorphism and lower type 2 diabetes risk in a small case-control study (192 cases and 384 controls) embedded in the large EPIC-Potsdam cohort. A priori functional implication of the amino acid change was gained from in-silico analysis. In this study, we analysed an independent nested case-cohort including 543 incident type 2 diabetes cases from the EPIC-Potsdam cohort and a case-control study including 939 type 2 diabetes cases from KORA to confirm the association with type 2 diabetes and performed association analyses with quantitative disease-related measures in 2112 non-diabetic individuals. Homozygosity for the Met-allele was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (EPIC-Potsdam: 0.70, P=0.04; KORA: 0.79, P=0.06) if adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. The homozygous rare variant showed a significant interaction (P=0.006) with BMI. Relative risks in different categories (BMI <25, 25-30, and >30 kg/m(2)) showed an association exclusively in obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) individuals (combined risk ratio: 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.86). In non-diabetic individuals from the general adult population, no significant associations were observed with plasma total cholesterol, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin and glucose concentration. In summary, we found evidence that the-putative functional-Thr79Met substitution of FABP6 confers a protective effect on type 2 diabetes in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fisher
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Boesgaard TW, Gjesing AP, Grarup N, Rutanen J, Jansson PA, Hribal ML, Sesti G, Fritsche A, Stefan N, Staiger H, Häring H, Smith U, Laakso M, Pedersen O, Hansen T. Variant near ADAMTS9 known to associate with type 2 diabetes is related to insulin resistance in offspring of type 2 diabetes patients--EUGENE2 study. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7236. [PMID: 19789630 PMCID: PMC2747270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Backround A meta-analysis combining results from three genome-wide association studies and followed by large-scale replication identified six novel type 2 diabetes loci. Subsequent studies of the effect of these variants on estimates of the beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity have been inconclusive. We examined these variants located in or near the JAZF1 (rs864745), THADA (rs7578597), TSPAN8 (rs7961581), ADAMTS9 (rs4607103), NOTCH2 (rs10923931) and the CDC123/CAMK1D (rs12779790) genes for associations with measures of pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methodology/Results Oral and intravenous glucose stimulated insulin release (n = 849) and insulin sensitivity (n = 596) estimated from a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp were measured in non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic patients from five European populations. Assuming an additive genetic model the diabetes-associated major C-allele of rs4607103 near ADAMTS9 associated with reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (p = 0.002) during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. However, following intravenous and oral administration of glucose serum insulin release was increased in individuals with the C-allele (p = 0.003 and p = 0.01, respectively). A meta-analyse combining clamp and IVGTT data from a total of 905 non-diabetic individuals showed that the C-risk allele associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (p = 0.003) and increased insulin release (p = 0.002). The major T-allele of the intronic JAZF1 rs864745 conferring increased diabetes risk was associated with increased 2nd phase serum insulin release during an IVGTT (p = 0.03), and an increased fasting serum insulin level (p = 0.001). The remaining variants did not show any associations with insulin response, insulin sensitivity or any other measured quantitative traits. Conclusion The present studies suggest that the diabetogenic impact of the C-allele of rs4607103 near ADAMTS9 may in part be mediated through decreased insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues.
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Stančáková A, Kuulasmaa T, Paananen J, Jackson AU, Bonnycastle LL, Collins FS, Boehnke M, Kuusisto J, Laakso M. Association of 18 confirmed susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes with indices of insulin release, proinsulin conversion, and insulin sensitivity in 5,327 nondiabetic Finnish men. Diabetes 2009; 58:2129-36. [PMID: 19502414 PMCID: PMC2731523 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of 18 confirmed type 2 diabetes risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and conversion of proinsulin to insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 5,327 nondiabetic men (age 58 +/- 7 years, BMI 27.0 +/- 3.8 kg/m(2)) from a large population-based cohort were included. Oral glucose tolerance tests and genotyping of SNPs in or near PPARG, KCNJ11, TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, LOC387761, CDKN2B, IGF2BP2, CDKAL1, HNF1B, WFS1, JAZF1, CDC123, TSPAN8, THADA, ADAMTS9, NOTCH2, KCNQ1, and MTNR1B were performed. HNF1B rs757210 was excluded because of failure to achieve Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. RESULTS Six SNPs (TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKN2B, CDKAL1, and MTNR1B) were significantly (P < 6.9 x 10(-4)) and two SNPs (KCNJ11 and IGF2BP2) were nominally (P < 0.05) associated with early-phase insulin release (InsAUC(0-30)/GluAUC(0-30)), adjusted for age, BMI, and insulin sensitivity (Matsuda ISI). Combined effects of these eight SNPs reached -32% reduction in InsAUC(0-30)/GluAUC(0-30) in carriers of >or=11 vs. <or=3 weighted risk alleles. Four SNPs (SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, and TCF7L2) were significantly or nominally associated with indexes of proinsulin conversion. Three SNPs (KCNJ11, HHEX, and TSPAN8) were nominally associated with Matsuda ISI (adjusted for age and BMI). The effect of HHEX on Matsuda ISI became significant after additional adjustment for InsAUC(0-30)/GluAUC(0-30). Nine SNPs did not show any associations with examined traits. CONCLUSIONS Eight type 2 diabetes-related loci were significantly or nominally associated with impaired early-phase insulin release. Effects of SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, and TCF7L2 on insulin release could be partially explained by impaired proinsulin conversion. HHEX might influence both insulin release and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Francis S. Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Corresponding author: Markku Laakso,
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Omori S, Tanaka Y, Horikoshi M, Takahashi A, Hara K, Hirose H, Kashiwagi A, Kaku K, Kawamori R, Kadowaki T, Nakamura Y, Maeda S. Replication study for the association of new meta-analysis-derived risk loci with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in 6,244 Japanese individuals. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1554-60. [PMID: 19455301 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes have been identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in European populations. To examine further the roles of these new loci, we performed a replication study for the association of these single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci with the disease in three independent Japanese populations. METHODS We genotyped seven of the 11 SNPs that emerged in stage 2 of the meta-analysis for European GWASs (rs864745 in JAZF1, rs12779790 near CDC123/CAMK1D, rs7961581 near TSPAN8/LGR5, rs4607103 near ADAMTS9, rs10923931 in NOTCH2, rs1153188 near DCD and rs9472138 near VEGFA) for three independent Japanese populations (first set, 1,630 type 2 diabetes patients vs 1,064 controls; second set, 1,272 type 2 diabetes patients vs 856 controls; third set, 486 type 2 diabetes patients vs 936 controls) using a TaqMan assay. The association of the SNP loci in each population was analysed using a logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex and BMI, and the data were evaluated by a meta-analysis. RESULTS A meta-analysis for the three case-control studies identified a nominal association of rs864745 in JAZF1 with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.148, 95% CI 1.034-1.275, p = 0.0098, corrected p = 0.069). The association of other loci did not reach statistically significant levels (nominal p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION From these results the contribution of these seven loci in conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes is considered minor in the Japanese population, if they are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Omori
- Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Reduced insulin sensitivity plays a role in the early pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and defects in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells are instrumental in hyperglycemic progression. There is strong evidence that genetic factors play an important role in both of these components. Several of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes are hypothesized to influence beta-cell function. The aim of the present study was to describe the function of the latter genes, to analyze the implications of the SNP positions within or near these genes, and to evaluate the suggested primary role of pancreatic beta-cells in the etiology of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob N M Weijers
- Teaching Hospital OLVG, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Wolfs M, Hofker M, Wijmenga C, van Haeften T. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Genetic Insights will Lead to New Therapeutics. Curr Genomics 2009; 10:110-8. [PMID: 19794883 PMCID: PMC2699827 DOI: 10.2174/138920209787847023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disorder of dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Normal glucose homeostasis is a complex process involving several interacting mechanisms, such as insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose production, and glucose uptake. The dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms due to environmental and/or genetic factors, can lead to a defective glucose homeostasis. Hyperglycemia is managed by augmenting insulin secretion and/or interaction with hepatic glucose production, as well as by decreasing dietary caloric intake and raising glucose metabolism through exercise. Although these interventions can delay disease progression and correct blood glucose levels, they are not able to cure the disease or stop its progression entirely. Better management of type 2 diabetes is sorely needed. Advances in genotyping techniques and the availability of large patient cohorts have made it possible to identify common genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). So far, genetic variants on 19 loci have been identified. Most of these loci contain or lie close to genes that were not previously linked to diabetes and they may thus harbor targets for new drugs. It is also hoped that further genetic studies will pave the way for predictive genetic screening. The newly discovered type 2 diabetes genes can be classified based on their presumed molecular function, and we discuss the relation between these gene classes and current treatments. We go on to consider whether the new genes provide opportunities for developing alternative drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G.M Wolfs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M.H Hofker
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T.W. van Haeften
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, G 02-228, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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A multistage genome-wide association study in breast cancer identifies two new risk alleles at 1p11.2 and 14q24.1 (RAD51L1). Nat Genet 2009; 41:579-84. [PMID: 19330030 DOI: 10.1038/ng.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a three-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of breast cancer in 9,770 cases and 10,799 controls in the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) initiative. In stage 1, we genotyped 528,173 SNPs in 1,145 cases of invasive breast cancer and 1,142 controls. In stage 2, we analyzed 24,909 top SNPs in 4,547 cases and 4,434 controls. In stage 3, we investigated 21 loci in 4,078 cases and 5,223 controls. Two new loci achieved genome-wide significance. A pericentromeric SNP on chromosome 1p11.2 (rs11249433; P = 6.74 x 10(-10) adjusted genotype test, 2 degrees of freedom) resides in a large linkage disequilibrium block neighboring NOTCH2 and FCGR1B; this signal was stronger for estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. A second SNP on chromosome 14q24.1 (rs999737; P = 1.74 x 10(-7)) localizes to RAD51L1, a gene in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. We also confirmed associations with loci on chromosomes 2q35, 5p12, 5q11.2, 8q24, 10q26 and 16q12.1.
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Testing the association of novel meta-analysis-derived diabetes risk genes with type II diabetes and related metabolic traits in Asian Indian Sikhs. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:162-8. [PMID: 19247373 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis on three genome-wide association (GWA) scans identified six loci (NOTCH2, THADA, ADAMTS9, JAZF1, CDC123/CAMKID and TSPAN8/LGRS) highly associated with type II diabetes (T2D) in Caucasians. This investigation seeks to confirm this association with diabetes and related metabolic traits in Khatri Sikh diabetics of North India. We genotyped highly significant variants from each locus in a case-control cohort consisting of 680 T2D cases and 637 normoglycemic (NG) controls. Only CDC123/CAMKID (rs12779790) replicated earlier evidence of association with T2D under a dominant model (odds ratio (OR): 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.57; P=0.031) during initial testing. However, we could not confirm this association using multiple testing corrections. In a multiple linear-regression analysis, the same variant in the CDC123/CAMKID revealed a marked decrease in fasting insulin levels among 'G' (risk) allele carriers independently in NG controls (P=0.030) and in T2D cases (P=0.009), as well as in the combined sample (P=0.003) after adjusting for covariates. Evidence of impaired beta-cell function was also observed among 'G' (risk) allele carriers in T2D cases (P=0.008) and in a combined cohort (P=0.026). Our data could not confirm the role of the remaining variants with risk either for T2D or quantitative phenotypes measuring insulin secretion or insulin resistance. These findings suggest that CDC123/CAMKID could be a major risk factor for the development of T2D in Sikhs by affecting beta-cell function. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the role of recently emerging loci in this high-risk population from the South Asian subcontinent.
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Staiger H, Machicao F, Schäfer SA, Kirchhoff K, Kantartzis K, Guthoff M, Silbernagel G, Stefan N, Häring HU, Fritsche A. Polymorphisms within the novel type 2 diabetes risk locus MTNR1B determine beta-cell function. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3962. [PMID: 19088850 PMCID: PMC2597741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very recently, a novel type 2 diabetes risk gene, i.e., MTNR1B, was identified and reported to affect fasting glycemia. Using our thoroughly phenotyped cohort of subjects at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, we assessed the association of common genetic variation within the MTNR1B locus with obesity and prediabetes traits, namely impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We genotyped 1,578 non-diabetic subjects, metabolically characterized by oral glucose tolerance test, for five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 100% of common genetic variation (minor allele frequency > 0.05) within the MTNR1B locus (rs10830962, rs4753426, rs12804291, rs10830963, rs3781638). In a subgroup (N = 513), insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and in a further subgroup (N = 301), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was determined by intravenous glucose tolerance test. After appropriate adjustment for confounding variables and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, none of the tagging SNPs was reliably associated with measures of adiposity. SNPs rs10830962, rs4753426, and rs10830963 were significantly associated with higher fasting plasma glucose concentrations (p < 0.0001) and reduced OGTT- and IVGTT-induced insulin release (p < or = 0.0007 and p < or = 0.01, respectively). By contrast, SNP rs3781638 displayed significant association with lower fasting plasma glucose levels and increased OGTT-induced insulin release (p<0.0001 and p < or = 0.0002, respectively). Moreover, SNP rs3781638 revealed significant association with elevated fasting- and OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity (p < or = 0.0021). None of the MTNR1B tagging SNPs altered proinsulin-to-insulin conversion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, common genetic variation within MTNR1B determines glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and plasma glucose concentrations. Their impact on beta-cell function might represent the prevailing pathomechanism how MTNR1B variants increase the type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Staiger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fausto Machicao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silke A. Schäfer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kirchhoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Guthoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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