1
|
Castellini G, Merola GP, Baccaredda Boy O, Pecoraro V, Bozza B, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Bessi V, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Ricca V. Emotional dysregulation, alexithymia and neuroticism: a systematic review on the genetic basis of a subset of psychological traits. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:79-101. [PMID: 36729042 PMCID: PMC10158611 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism, alexithymia and emotion dysregulation are key traits and known risk factors for several psychiatric conditions. In this systematic review, the aim is to evaluate the genetic contribution to these psychological phenotypes. A systematic review of articles found in PubMed was conducted. Search terms included 'genetic', 'GWAS', 'neuroticism', 'alexithymia' and 'emotion dysregulation'. Risk of bias was assessed utilizing the STREGA checklist. Two hundred two papers were selected from existing literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these, 27 were genome-wide studies and 175 were genetic association studies. Single gene association studies focused on selected groups of genes, mostly involved in neurotransmission, with conflicting results. GWAS studies on neuroticism, on the other hand, found several relevant and replicated intergenic and intronic loci affecting the expression and regulation of crucial and well-known genes (such as DRD2 and CRHR1). Mutations in genes coding for trascriptional factors were also found to be associated with neuroticism (DCC, XKR6, TCF4, RBFOX1), as well as a noncoding regulatory RNA (LINC00461). On the other hand, little GWAS data are available on alexythima and emotional dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valentina Bessi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kao PY, Chen MH, Chang WA, Pan ML, Shu WD, Jong YJ, Huang HD, Wang CY, Chu HY, Pan CT, Liu YL, Lin YS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the personality constructs in CPAI-2 in Taiwanese Hakka populations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281903. [PMID: 36800362 PMCID: PMC9937499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here in this study we adopted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the genetic components of the personality constructs in the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory 2 (CPAI-2) in Taiwanese Hakka populations, who are likely the descendants of a recent admixture between a group of Chinese immigrants with high emigration intention and a group of the Taiwanese aboriginal population generally without it. A total of 279 qualified participants were examined and genotyped by an Illumina array with 547,644 SNPs to perform the GWAS. Although our sample size is small and that unavoidably limits our statistical power (Type 2 error but not Type 1 error), we still found three genomic regions showing strong association with Enterprise, Diversity, and Logical vs. Affective Orientation, respectively. Multiple genes around the identified regions were reported to be nervous system related, which suggests that genetic variants underlying the certain personalities should indeed exist in the nearby areas. It is likely that the recent immigration and admixture history of the Taiwanese Hakka people created strong linkage disequilibrium between the emigration intention-related genetic variants and their neighboring genetic markers, so that we could identify them despite with only limited statistical power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Kao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Hakka Language and Social Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Pan
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Der Shu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, KMU Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yan Wang
- Institute of Education, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yan Chu
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tsung Pan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Lan Liu
- Institute of Education, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (YSL)
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (YSL)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van der Walt K, Campbell M, Stein DJ, Dalvie S. Systematic review of genome-wide association studies of anxiety disorders and neuroticism. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 24:280-291. [PMID: 35815422 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2099970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise SNP associations identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of anxiety disorders and neuroticism; to appraise the quality of individual studies, and to assess the ancestral diversity of study participants. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo and PubPsych for GWASs of anxiety disorders, non-diagnostic traits (such as anxiety sensitivity), and neuroticism, and extracted all SNPs that surpassed genome-wide significance. We graded study quality using Q-genie scores and reviewed the ancestral diversity of included participants. RESULTS 32 studies met our inclusion criteria. A total of 563 independent significant variants were identified, of which 29 were replicated nominally in independent samples, and 3 were replicated significantly. The studies had good global quality, but many smaller studies were underpowered. Phenotypic heterogeneity for anxiety (and less so for neuroticism) seemed to reflect the complexity of capturing this trait. Ancestral diversity was poor, with 70% of studies including only populations of European ancestry. CONCLUSION The functionality of genes identified by GWASs of anxiety and neuroticism deserves further investigation. Future GWASs should have larger sample sizes, more rigorous phenotyping and include more ancestrally diverse population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristien van der Walt
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Megan Campbell
- MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics. Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Global Initiative for Neuropsychiatric Genetics Education in Research (GINGER) program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Genome-wide association study identified INSC gene associated with Trail Making Test Part A and Alzheimer's disease related cognitive phenotypes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110393. [PMID: 34224794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A (TMT-A) is a good measure of performance on cognitive processing speed. This study aimed to perform a genome-wide association study of TMT-A in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A total of 757 individuals with TMT-A phenotypes and 620,901 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 (ADNI-1) cohort. AD related cognitive phenotypes include TMT-A, TMT-B, Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS13). Multivariable linear regression analysis of TMT-A was conducted using PLINK software. The most TMT-A associated gene was tested with Color Trails Test 1 Form A (CTTA), a culturally fair analog of the TMT-A. Functional annotation of SNPs was performed using the RegulomeDB and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. RESULTS The best signal with TMT-A was rs1108010 (p = 4.34 × 10-8) at 11p15.2 within INSC gene, which was also associated with TMT-B, FAQ, CDR-SB, and ADAS13 (p = 2.47 × 10-4, 8.56 × 10-3, 0.0127 and 0.0188, respectively). Furthermore, suggestive loci were identified such as FOXD2 and CLTA with TMT-A, GBP1/GBP3 with TMT-B, GRIK2 with FAQ, BAALC and CCDC146 with CDR-SB, BAALC and NKAIN2 with ADAS13. Additionally, the best SNP within INSC associated with CTTA was rs7931705 (p = 6.15 × 10-5). Several SNPs had significant eQTLs using GTEx. CONCLUSIONS We identified several genes/loci associated with TMT-A and AD related phenotypes. These findings offer the potential for new insights into the pathogenesis of cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chmielowiec J, Chmielowiec K, Masiak J, Pawłowski T, Larysz D, Grzywacz A. Analysis of Relationships between DAT1 Polymorphism Variants, Personality Dimensions, and Anxiety in New Psychoactive Substance (Designer Drug) (NPS) Users. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121977. [PMID: 34946924 PMCID: PMC8700894 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of ‘new psychoactive substances’ appears to be increasingly common. The aim of this study was to examine biological and personality determinants in individuals who choose to use these substances, which may help in the prevention and treatment of psychoactive substance use disorders. The study group consisted of 374 male volunteers; all were users of ‘new psychoactive substances’ (NPS). The NPS users were recruited after they had abstained—for at least 3 months—from any substance of abuse in addiction treatment facilities. The NPS patients and the control subjects were examined by a psychiatrist using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales. The real-time PCR method was used for genotyping. When we compared the controls with the study group, statistically significant interactions were found between DAT1 polymorphism, neuroticism, and NPS use. NPS use and DAT1 polymorphism were associated with a higher level of neuroticism on the NEO-FFI scale. The study group of NPS users showed a higher severity of anxiety symptoms, both in terms of trait and state, compared to the control group. The results may support the idea that neuroticism and anxiety correlate strongly with coping motives for using NPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (J.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (J.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Second Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Pawłowski
- Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wyb. L. Pasteura 10 St., 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Larysz
- 109 Military Hospital with Cutpatient Cinic in Szczecin, Piotra Skargi 9-11 St., 70-965 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91441-47-46
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Calboli FCF, Delahaut V, Deflem I, Hablützel PI, Hellemans B, Kordas A, Raeymaekers JAM, Bervoets L, De Boeck G, Volckaert FAM. Association between Chromosome 4 and mercury accumulation in muscle of the three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus). Evol Appl 2021; 14:2553-2567. [PMID: 34745343 PMCID: PMC8549617 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors, such as pollutants, act as selective factors that can leave measurable changes in allele frequencies in the genome. Metals are of particular concern among pollutants, because of interference with vital biological pathways. We use the three-spined stickleback as a model for adaptation to mercury pollution in natural populations. We collected sticklebacks from 21 locations in Flanders (Belgium), measured the accumulated levels of mercury in the skeletal muscle tissue, and genotyped the fish by sequencing (GBS). The spread of muscle mercury content across locations was considerable, ranging from 21.5 to 327 ng/g dry weight (DW). We then conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) between 28,450 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the accumulated levels of mercury, using different approaches. Based on a linear mixed model analysis, the GWAS yielded multiple hits with a single top hit on Chromosome 4, with eight more SNPs suggestive of association. A second approach, a latent factor mixed model analysis, highlighted one single SNP on Chromosome 11. Finally, an outlier test identified one additional SNP on Chromosome 4 that appeared under selection. Out of all ten SNPs we identified as associated with mercury in muscle, three SNPs all located on Chromosome 4 and positioned within a 2.5 kb distance of an annotated gene. Based on these results and the genome coverage of our SNPs, we conclude that the selective effect of mercury pollution in Flanders causes a significant association with at least one locus on Chromosome 4 in three-spined stickleback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico C. F. Calboli
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Present address:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Vyshal Delahaut
- Department of BiologySystemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE)University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Io Deflem
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Bart Hellemans
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anna Kordas
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Lieven Bervoets
- Department of BiologySystemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE)University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Department of BiologySystemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE)University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, Yu Y, Wang W, Qiu J. Atypical neural activation associated with implicit negative emotional facial processing in fMRI tasks in individuals with neuroticism personality traits. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
8
|
Kamimura K, Maeda N. Glypicans and Heparan Sulfate in Synaptic Development, Neural Plasticity, and Neurological Disorders. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:595596. [PMID: 33679334 PMCID: PMC7928303 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.595596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, which bear long polysaccharides called heparan sulfate (HS) attached to the core proteins. HSPGs interact with a variety of ligand proteins through the HS chains, and mutations in HSPG-related genes influence many biological processes and cause various diseases. In particular, recent findings from vertebrate and invertebrate studies have raised the importance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HSPGs, glypicans, as central players in the development and functions of synapses. Glypicans are important components of the synapse-organizing protein complexes and serve as ligands for leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs), leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) family receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), and G-protein-coupled receptor 158 (GPR158), regulating synapse formation. Many of these interactions are mediated by the HS chains of glypicans. Neurexins (Nrxs) are also synthesized as HSPGs and bind to some ligands in common with glypicans through HS chains. Therefore, glypicans and Nrxs may act competitively at the synapses. Furthermore, glypicans regulate the postsynaptic expression levels of ionotropic glutamate receptors, controlling the electrophysiological properties and non-canonical BMP signaling of synapses. Dysfunctions of glypicans lead to failures in neuronal network formation, malfunction of synapses, and abnormal behaviors that are characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent human genetics revealed that glypicans and HS are associated with autism spectrum disorder, neuroticism, and schizophrenia. In this review, we introduce the studies showing the roles of glypicans and HS in synapse formation, neural plasticity, and neurological disorders, especially focusing on the mouse and Drosophila as potential models for human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kamimura
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Maeda
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The influence of X chromosome variants on trait neuroticism. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:483-491. [PMID: 30842574 PMCID: PMC7850965 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal variants have successfully been associated with trait neuroticism in genome-wide analysis of adequately powered samples. But such studies have so far excluded the X chromosome from analysis. Here, we report genetic association analyses of X chromosome and XY pseudoautosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and trait neuroticism using UK Biobank samples (N = 405,274). Significant association was found with neuroticism on the X chromosome for 204 markers found within three independent loci (a further 783 were suggestive). Most of the lead neuroticism-related X chromosome variants were located in intergenic regions (n = 397). Involvement of HS6ST2, which has been previously associated with sociability behaviour in the dog, was supported by single SNP and gene-based tests. We found that the amino acid and nucleotide sequences are highly conserved between dogs and humans. From the suggestive X chromosome variants, there were 19 nearby genes which could be linked to gene ontology information. Molecular function was primarily related to binding and catalytic activity; notable biological processes were cellular and metabolic, and nucleic acid binding and transcription factor protein classes were most commonly involved. X-variant heritability of neuroticism was estimated at 0.22% (SE = 0.05) from a full dosage compensation model. A polygenic X-variant score created in an independent sample (maximum N ≈ 7,300) did not predict significant variance in neuroticism, psychological distress, or depressive disorder. We conclude that the X chromosome harbours significant variants influencing neuroticism, and might prove important for other quantitative traits and complex disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tromp DP, Fox AS, Oler JA, Alexander AL, Kalin NH. The Relationship Between the Uncinate Fasciculus and Anxious Temperament Is Evolutionarily Conserved and Sexually Dimorphic. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:890-898. [PMID: 31542153 PMCID: PMC6910082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious temperament (AT) is an early-life heritable trait that predisposes individuals to develop anxiety and depressive disorders. Our previous work in preadolescent children suggests alterations in the uncinate fasciculus (UF), the white matter tract that connects prefrontal with limbic regions, in boys with anxiety disorders. Here, using a nonhuman primate model of AT, we tested whether this sexually dimorphic finding is evolutionarily conserved and examined the extent to which heritable and environmental influences contribute to UF microstructure. METHODS Diffusion tensor images were collected in 581 young rhesus monkeys (1.89 ± 0.77 years old; 43.9% female). Using tract-based analyses, we assessed the relationship among AT, UF microstructure (as measured with fractional anisotropy), and sex. Heritability of tract microstructure was determined using oligogenic linkage analysis of this large multigenerational pedigree. RESULTS We predicted and found a negative relation between AT and UF fractional anisotropy in male but not female monkeys (AT × sex; p = .032, 1-tailed). Additionally, heritability analyses revealed that variation in UF fractional anisotropy was largely due to nonheritable factors (h2 = 0.185, p = .077). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a cross-species, male-specific relation between UF microstructure and anxiety and provide a potential substrate for anxiety-related prefrontal-limbic dysregulation. The heritability analyses point to the importance of environmental influences on UF microstructure, which could be important in mediating the nonheritable components of pathological anxiety. These findings have the potential to guide new treatment strategies for childhood anxiety disorders and further support the use of nonhuman primates as a translational model to discover mechanisms underlying the development of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do P.M. Tromp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Oler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ned H. Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,HealthEmotion Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aluja A, Balada F, Blanco E, Fibla J, Blanch A. Twenty candidate genes predicting neuroticism and sensation seeking personality traits: A multivariate analysis association approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
InanlooRahatloo K, Peymani F, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dysregulation of Actin-Cytoskeleton Pathway in Intellectual Disability Patients. Neuroscience 2019; 404:423-444. [PMID: 30742961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A significant level of genetic heterogeneity has been demonstrated in intellectual disability (ID). More than 700 genes have been identified in ID patients. To identify molecular pathways underlying this heterogeneity, we applied whole-transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq in consanguineous families with ID. Significant changes in expression of genes related to neuronal and actin cytoskeletal functions were observed in all the ID families. Remarkably, we found a significant down-regulation of SHTN1 gene and up-regulation of FGFR2 gene in all ID patients. FGFR2, but not SHTN1, was previously reported as an ID causing gene. Detailed gene ontology analyses identified pathways linked to tyrosine protein kinase, actin cytoskeleton, and axonogenesis to be affected in ID patients. The findings reported here provide new insights into the candidate genes and molecular pathways underling ID and highlight the key role of actin cytoskeleton in etiology of ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum InanlooRahatloo
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Genetic Research Center, University of social welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Peymani
- Genetic Research Center, University of social welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetic Research Center, University of social welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetic Research Center, University of social welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dowling C, Allen NJ. Mice Lacking Glypican 4 Display Juvenile Hyperactivity and Adult Social Interaction Deficits. Brain Plast 2018; 4:197-209. [PMID: 30598870 PMCID: PMC6311356 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican 4 (Gpc4) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that regulates glutamatergic synapse formation and function in the developing brain. Gpc4 KO mice have been shown to have decreased excitatory synapse number and less synaptic GluA1 AMPA receptors, leading to decreased synaptic transmission. Further, decreased expression of Gpc4 has been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gpc4 is expressed by both astrocytes and neurons during postnatal development, with astrocyte expression higher in juvenile stages, and neuronal expression increasing with maturation. We therefore asked if mice lacking Gpc4 display behavioral alterations that are consistent with loss of GluA1 or ASD, and if so if they occur at juvenile ages when astrocyte Gpc4 is high, or at adult ages when both astrocytes and neurons express Gpc4. We found that juvenile (P14) Gpc4 KO mice display hyperactivity in the open field, which is corrected in adult mice (3 month). Adult Gpc4 KO mice show deficient behavior in social novelty, whilst non-social behaviors such as working memory and anxiety are unaffected. Thus, Gpc4 KO mice show age-specific behavioral alterations that are consistent with altered synaptic levels of GluA1 and behaviors associated with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cari Dowling
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vevera J, Zarrei M, Hartmannová H, Jedličková I, Mušálková D, Přistoupilová A, Oliveriusová P, Trešlová H, Nosková L, Hodaňová K, Stránecký V, Jiřička V, Preiss M, Příhodová K, Šaligová J, Wei J, Woodbury-Smith M, Bleyer AJ, Scherer SW, Kmoch S. Rare copy number variation in extremely impulsively violent males. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12536. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vevera
- Department of Psychiatry; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
- Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education; Prague Czech Republic
- Psychology Department; National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hana Hartmannová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jedličková
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dita Mušálková
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Anna Přistoupilová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petra Oliveriusová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Helena Trešlová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Nosková
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hodaňová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stránecký
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Jiřička
- Prison Service of the Czech Republic, Directorate General; Department of Psychology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marek Preiss
- Psychology Department; National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany Czech Republic
- Psychology Department; University of New York in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Příhodová
- Psychology Department; National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šaligová
- Children's Faculty Hospital; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Kosice Slovakia
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Pavel Jozef Šafárik University Kosice; Kosice Slovakia
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Anthony J. Bleyer
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Medical Center Blvd.; Winston-Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yao Y, Xu Y, Zhao J, Ma Y, Su K, Yuan W, Ma JZ, Payne TJ, Li MD. Detection of Significant Association Between Variants in Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Gene ( CNR1) and Personality in African-American Population. Front Genet 2018; 9:199. [PMID: 29963071 PMCID: PMC6010580 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have revealed significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene and a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Personality traits that are highly related to susceptibility to these conditions have been associated with the CNR1 variants in subjects of Caucasian origin. However, there are no reported studies regarding the effects of CNR1 polymorphisms on personality traits in the African-American (AA) population. Methods: We performed an imputation-based association analysis for 26 CNR1 variants with five dimensions of personality in 3,046 AAs. Results: SNPs rs806372 and rs2180619 showed a significant association with extraversion after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p < 0.0019). Further, several extraversion-associated SNPs were significantly associated with conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. SNP priority score analysis indicated that SNPs rs806368, rs806371, and rs2180619 play a role in the modulation of personality and psychiatric conditions. Conclusion:CNR1 is important in determining personality traits in the AA population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kunkai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas J Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vagaitseva KV, Bocharova AV, Marusin AV, Kolesnikova EA, Makeeva OA, Stepanov VA. Development of Multiplex Genotyping Method of Polymorphic Markers of Genes Associated with Cognitive Abilities. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418060121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Bizaoui V, Gage J, Brar R, Rauen KA, Weiss LA. RASopathies are associated with a distinct personality profile. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:434-446. [PMID: 29659143 PMCID: PMC6039190 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Personality is a complex, yet partially heritable, trait. Although some Mendelian diseases like Williams-Beuren syndrome are associated with a particular personality profile, studies have failed to assign the personality features to a single gene or pathway. As a family of monogenic disorders caused by mutations in the Ras/MAPK pathway known to influence social behavior, RASopathies are likely to provide insight into the genetic basis of personality. Eighty subjects diagnosed with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Noonan syndrome were assessed using a parent-report BFQ-C (Big Five Questionnaire for Children) evaluating agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, intellect/openness, and neuroticism, along with 55 unaffected sibling controls. A short questionnaire was added to assess sense of humor. RASopathy subjects and sibling controls were compared for individual components of personality, multidimensional personality profiles, and individual questions using Student tests, analysis of variance, and principal component analysis. RASopathy subjects were given lower scores on average compared to sibling controls in agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and sense of humor, and similar scores in neuroticism. When comparing the multidimensional personality profile between groups, RASopathies showed a distinct profile from unaffected siblings, but no difference in this global profile was found within RASopathies, revealing a common profile for the Ras/MAPK-related disorders. In addition, several syndrome-specific strengths or weaknesses were observed in individual domains. We describe for the first time an association between a single pathway and a specific personality profile, providing a better understanding of the genetics underlying personality, and new tools for tailoring educational and behavioral approaches for individuals with RASopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varoona Bizaoui
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Laboratoire de Génétique moléculaire et Histocompatibilité, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France,Inserm UMR1078, Etablissement français du sang – Bretagne, Brest, France, Association Gaëtan Saleun
| | - Jessica Gage
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, California, USA
| | - Rita Brar
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sanchez-Roige S, Gray JC, MacKillop JK, Chen CH, Palmer AA. The genetics of human personality. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12439. [PMID: 29152902 PMCID: PMC7012279 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits are the relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances. Twin and family studies have showed that personality traits are moderately heritable, and can predict various lifetime outcomes, including psychopathology. The Research Domain Criteria characterizes psychiatric diseases as extremes of normal tendencies, including specific personality traits. This implies that heritable variation in personality traits, such as neuroticism, would share a common genetic basis with psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder. Despite considerable efforts over the past several decades, the genetic variants that influence personality are only beginning to be identified. We review these recent and increasingly rapid developments, which focus on the assessment of personality via several commonly used personality questionnaires in healthy human subjects. Study designs covered include twin, linkage, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies and polygenic analyses. Findings from genetic studies of personality have furthered our understanding about the genetic etiology of personality, which, like neuropsychiatric diseases themselves, is highly polygenic. Polygenic analyses have showed genetic correlations between personality and psychopathology, confirming that genetic studies of personality can help to elucidate the etiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joshua C Gray
- Center for Deployment Psychology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814
| | - James K MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON N1E 6K9, Canada
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Condomitti G, de Wit J. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29434536 PMCID: PMC5790772 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits consist of distinct neuronal cell types connected in specific patterns. The specificity of these connections is achieved in a series of sequential developmental steps that involve the targeting of neurites, the identification of synaptic partners, and the formation of specific types of synapses. Cell-surface proteins play a critical role in each of these steps. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of cell-surface proteins is emerging as a key regulator of connectivity. HSPGs are expressed throughout brain development and play important roles in axon guidance, synapse development and synapse function. New insights indicate that neuronal cell types express unique combinations of HSPGs and HS-modifying enzymes. Furthermore, HSPGs interact with cell type-specific binding partners to mediate synapse development. This suggests that cell type-specific repertoires of HSPGs and specific patterns of HS modifications on the cell surface are required for the development of specific synaptic connections. Genome-wide association studies have linked these proteins to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases. Thus, HSPGs play an important role in the development of specific synaptic connectivity patterns important for neural circuit function, and their dysfunction may be involved in the development of brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Condomitti
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yasukochi Y, Sakuma J, Takeuchi I, Kato K, Oguri M, Fujimaki T, Horibe H, Yamada Y. Identification of three genetic variants as novel susceptibility loci for body mass index in a Japanese population. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:179-189. [PMID: 29341862 PMCID: PMC5899233 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00117.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified various obesity or metabolic syndrome (MetS) susceptibility loci. However, most studies were conducted in a cross-sectional manner. To address this gap, we performed a longitudinal exome-wide association study to identify susceptibility loci for obesity and MetS in a Japanese population. We traced clinical data of 6,022 Japanese subjects who had annual health check-ups for several years (mean follow-up period, 5 yr) and genotyped ~244,000 genetic variants. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with body mass index (BMI) or the prevalence of obesity and MetS was examined in a generalized estimating equation model. Our longitudinal exome-wide association studies detected 21 BMI- and five MetS-associated SNPs (false discovery rate, FDR <0.01). Among these SNPs, 16 have not been previously implicated as determinants of BMI or MetS. Cross-sectional data for obesity- and MetS-related phenotypes in 7,285 Japanese subjects were examined in a replication study. Among the 16 SNPs, three (rs9491140, rs145848316, and rs7863248) were related to BMI in the replication cohort (P < 0.05). In conclusion, three SNPs [rs9491140 of NKAIN2 (FDR = 0.003, P = 1.9 × 10−5), rs145848316 of KMT2C (FDR = 0.007, P = 4.5 × 10−5), and rs7863248 of AGTPBP1 (FDR = 0.006, P = 4.2 × 10−5)] were newly identified as susceptibility loci for BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Yasukochi
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie , Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama , Japan
| | - Jun Sakuma
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama , Japan.,Computer Science Department, College of Information Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan.,RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama , Japan.,RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project , Tokyo , Japan.,Department of Computer Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi , Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kato
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie , Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Meitoh Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi , Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Oguri
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie , Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fujimaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Inabe General Hospital, Inabe, Mie , Japan
| | - Hideki Horibe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu , Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie , Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Farhy-Tselnicker I, van Casteren ACM, Lee A, Chang VT, Aricescu AR, Allen NJ. Astrocyte-Secreted Glypican 4 Regulates Release of Neuronal Pentraxin 1 from Axons to Induce Functional Synapse Formation. Neuron 2017; 96:428-445.e13. [PMID: 29024665 PMCID: PMC5663462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The generation of precise synaptic connections between developing neurons is critical to the formation of functional neural circuits. Astrocyte-secreted glypican 4 induces formation of active excitatory synapses by recruiting AMPA glutamate receptors to the postsynaptic cell surface. We now identify the molecular mechanism of how glypican 4 exerts its effect. Glypican 4 induces release of the AMPA receptor clustering factor neuronal pentraxin 1 from presynaptic terminals by signaling through presynaptic protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor δ. Pentraxin then accumulates AMPA receptors on the postsynaptic terminal forming functional synapses. Our findings reveal a signaling pathway that regulates synaptic activity during central nervous system development and demonstrates a role for astrocytes as organizers of active synaptic connections by coordinating both pre and post synaptic neurons. As mutations in glypicans are associated with neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, this signaling cascade offers new avenues to modulate synaptic function in disease. Astrocyte-secreted Gpc4 induces release of NP1 from neurons Release of NP1 is mediated through Gpc4 interaction with presynaptic RPTPδ Gpc4 or RPTPδ KO causes presynaptic NP1 retention and decreased synapse number Astrocytic release of Gpc4 provides spatial and temporal cues for synaptogenesis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Farhy-Tselnicker
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adriana C M van Casteren
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aletheia Lee
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Structural Biology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Veronica T Chang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Structural Biology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meta-analysis of genome-wide SNP- and pathway-based associations for facets of neuroticism. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:903-909. [PMID: 28615674 PMCID: PMC5622119 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a heritable personality trait that is comprised of distinct sub-factors, or facets. Sub-factors of neuroticism are linked to different emotional states or psychiatric symptoms and studying the genetic variants associated with these facets may help reveal the biological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders. In the present study, a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for six facets of neuroticism was performed in 5584 participants from three cohorts. Additionally, a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was conducted to find biological pathways associated with each facet. Six neuroticism facets (N1: anxiety, N2: angry hostility, N3: depression, N4: self-consciousness, N5: impulsivity and N6: vulnerability) were assessed using the Korean version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. In the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis, results showed genome-wide significance for N2 within the MIR548H3 gene (rs1360001, P=4.14 × 10-9). Notable genes with suggestive associations (P<1.0 × 10-6) were ITPR1 for N1, WNT7A for N2, FGF10 and FHIT for N3, DDR1 for N4, VGLL4 for N5 and PTPRD for N6. In the pathway-based analysis, the axon guidance pathway was identified to be associated with multiple facets of neuroticism (N2, N4 and N6). The focal adhesion and extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathways were significantly associated with N2 and N3. Our findings revealed genetic influences and biological pathways that are associated with facets of neuroticism.
Collapse
|
23
|
Realo A, van der Most PJ, Allik J, Esko T, Jeronimus BF, Kööts-Ausmees L, Mõttus R, Tropf FC, Snieder H, Ormel J. SNP-Based Heritability Estimates of Common and Specific Variance in Self- and Informant-Reported Neuroticism Scales. J Pers 2017; 85:906-919. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Realo
- University of Warwick
- University of Tartu
| | | | - Jüri Allik
- University of Tartu
- The Estonian Academy of Sciences
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre of University of Tartu
| | - Bertus F. Jeronimus
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
- University of Groningen
| | | | | | - Felix C. Tropf
- University of Groningen
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford
| | - Harold Snieder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
- Estonian Genome Centre of University of Tartu
| | - Johan Ormel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roppongi RT, Karimi B, Siddiqui TJ. Role of LRRTMs in synapse development and plasticity. Neurosci Res 2016; 116:18-28. [PMID: 27810425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs) are a family of four synapse organizing proteins critical for the development and function of excitatory synapses. The genes encoding LRRTMs and their binding partners, neurexins and HSPGs, are strongly associated with multiple psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the literature covering their structural features, expression patterns in the developing and adult brains, evolutionary origins, and discovery as synaptogenic proteins. We also discuss their role in the development and plasticity of excitatory synapses as well as their disease associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko T Roppongi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg R3Y 0Z3, MB, Canada
| | - Benyamin Karimi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg R3Y 0Z3, MB, Canada
| | - Tabrez J Siddiqui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg R3Y 0Z3, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Randall CL, Shaffer JR, McNeil DW, Crout RJ, Weyant RJ, Marazita ML. Toward a genetic understanding of dental fear: evidence of heritability. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 45:66-73. [PMID: 27730664 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental fear is a prevalent problem that impacts dental treatment-seeking behavior and thus oral, systemic, and psychological health. Among other important predictors, fear of pain has been shown to be a critical component of dental fear. While learning history (id est, past experience) is known to shape development and maintenance of dental fear and fear of pain, minimal work has addressed genetic etiological variables for these healthcare-related anxieties. With the aim of coming to a more complete conceptualization of dental fear, this study assessed the heritability of dental fear and fear of pain and elucidated the role of genetics in the relation between the constructs. METHODS Participants (n = 1370; 827 female), aged 11-74 years (M = 29.2, SD = 12.2), in a family-based cohort study completed measures of dental fear and fear of pain. Heritability and genetic correlation were estimated using likelihood-based methods under the variance components framework. RESULTS Dental fear was 30% heritable (P < 0.001) and fear of pain was 34% heritable (P < 0.001). Notably, there was substantial genetic correlation between dental fear and fear of pain, ρG = 0.67, suggesting they are genetically related, but likely are distinct phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS It is clear that, in addition to environmental factors, genetic influences are important in the etiology of dental fear and anxiety and should be considered in future studies of fear and anxiety associated with dental treatment and, potentially, interventions aimed at reducing distress that is a barrier to dental treatment utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Randall
- Department of Psychology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel W McNeil
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology and Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Richard J Crout
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Robert J Weyant
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Departments of Oral Biology, Human Genetics, Clinical and Translational Science, and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jovicic M, Maric NP, Soldatovic I, Lukic I, Andric S, Mihaljevic M, Pavlovic Z, Mitic M, Adzic M. The role of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in the model of negative affective states. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:301-11. [PMID: 25747256 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.1000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a structural equation model of negative affectivity (NA) that involves interaction of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, personality dimensions and recent stressful life events. METHODS Seventy participants - 35 diagnosed with major depression and 35 healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Morning plasma cortisol levels were determined by chemiluminescent immunometric assays. Molecular parameters (total nuclear and cytoplasmatic GR, nuclear GR phosphorylated at serine 211 (pGR-211) and at serine 226 (pGR-226) and cytoplasmic FKBP51) were analysed from peripheral blood lymphocytes by Western blot. NA, personality dimensions and stressful life events were assessed by self-report instruments. RESULTS GR signalling parameters had direct independent effect on measures of NA, with pGR-226 levels showing the strongest correlation, followed by FKBP51 and pGR-211 levels. Neuroticism and extraversion also demonstrated strong independent effect on NA, while recent stressful events did not predict NA directly, but demonstrated a significant effect on personality dimensions. Cortisol, total nuclear GR and total cytoplasmatic GR levels were excluded from the model due to non-significant correlations with NA. CONCLUSIONS Negative affectivity is a transdiagnostic factor in vulnerability to affective disorders and possible therapeutic target. Molecular signature of negative affectivity should incorporate GR phosphorylation with other known biological underpinnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovicic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jernigan TL, Brown TT, Bartsch H, Dale AM. Toward an integrative science of the developing human mind and brain: Focus on the developing cortex. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 18:2-11. [PMID: 26347228 PMCID: PMC4762760 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the Huttenlocher lecture, this article describes the need for a more integrative scientific paradigm for addressing important questions raised by key observations made over 2 decades ago. Among these are the early descriptions by Huttenlocher of variability in synaptic density in cortex of postmortem brains of children of different ages and the almost simultaneous reports of cortical volume reductions on MR imaging in children and adolescents. In spite of much progress in developmental neurobiology, developmental cognitive neuroscience, and behavioral and imaging genetics, we still do not know how these early observations relate to each other. It is argued that large scale, collaborative research programs are needed to establish the associations between behavioral differences among children and imaging biomarkers, and to link the latter to cellular changes in the developing brain. Examples of progress and challenges remaining are illustrated with data from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Project (PING).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Timothy T Brown
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Edwards AC, Bigdeli TB, Docherty AR, Bacanu S, Lee D, de Candia TR, Moscati A, Thiselton DL, Maher BS, Wormley BK, Walsh D, O’Neill FA, Kendler KS, Riley BP, Fanous AH. Meta-analysis of Positive and Negative Symptoms Reveals Schizophrenia Modifier Genes. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:279-87. [PMID: 26316594 PMCID: PMC4753595 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that genetic factors may influence both schizophrenia (Scz) and its clinical presentation. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated considerable success in identifying risk loci. Detection of "modifier loci" has the potential to further elucidate underlying disease processes. METHODS We performed GWAS of empirically derived positive and negative symptom scales in Irish cases from multiply affected pedigrees and a larger, independent case-control sample, subsequently combining these into a large Irish meta-analysis. In addition to single-SNP associations, we considered gene-based and pathway analyses to better capture convergent genetic effects, and to facilitate biological interpretation of these findings. Replication and testing of aggregate genetic effects was conducted using an independent European-American sample. RESULTS Though no single marker met the genome-wide significance threshold, genes and ontologies/pathways were significantly associated with negative and positive symptoms; notably, NKAIN2 and NRG1, respectively. We observed limited overlap in ontologies/pathways associated with different symptom profiles, with immune-related categories over-represented for negative symptoms, and addiction-related categories for positive symptoms. Replication analyses suggested that genes associated with clinical presentation are generalizable to non-Irish samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly support the hypothesis that modifier loci contribute to the etiology of distinct Scz symptom profiles. The finding that previously implicated "risk loci" actually influence particular symptom dimensions has the potential to better delineate the roles of these genes in Scz etiology. Furthermore, the over-representation of distinct gene ontologies/pathways across symptom profiles suggests that the clinical heterogeneity of Scz is due in part to complex and diverse genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, US; tel: 1-804-828-8591, fax: 1-804-828-1471, e-mail:
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Silviu Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Donghyung Lee
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Teresa R. de Candia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO;,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Arden Moscati
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Dawn L. Thiselton
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA;,Present address: Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, VA
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brandon K. Wormley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | - Francis A. O’Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Ayman H. Fanous
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA;,Mental Health Service Line, Washington VA Medical Center, Washington, DC;,Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao SC, Zhou BW, Luo F, Mao X, Lu YJ. The structure and function of NKAIN2-a candidate tumor suppressor. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:17072-17079. [PMID: 26770299 PMCID: PMC4694199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The deletion of chromosomal region 6q was commonly found in several types of human cancers, although the tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) located within this genomic region are not well established. Our recent work detected recurrent chromosomal truncation at the Na(+)/K(+) transporting ATPase interacting 2 (NKAIN2) gene in prostate cancer, which was also found to be truncated in leukemia and lymphoma, suggesting that NKAIN2 is potentially one of the TSGs located in the 6q commonly deleted region in human cancers. NKAIN2 gene consists of eight coding exons that span approximately 1 Mb of genomic DNA on chromosome 6q and there are four main splice variants. The function of this gene is not well investigated and the limited knowledge of this gene pointed to nervous system development. The chromosomal translocations in nervous development disorders usually lead to inactivation of this gene. In human tumors, both chromosomal deletion and translocation may also inactivate this gene and consequently contribute to tumorigenesis. Further genetic and cellular functional studies are required to establish its tumor suppressor role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo-Wei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Viggiano A, Cacciola G, Widmer DAJ, Viggiano D. Anxiety as a neurodevelopmental disorder in a neuronal subpopulation: Evidence from gene expression data. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:729-40. [PMID: 26089015 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between genes and anxious behavior, is nor linear nor monotonic. To address this problem, we analyzed with a meta-analytic method the literature data of the behavior of knockout mice, retrieving 33 genes whose deletion was accompanied by increased anxious behavior, 34 genes related to decreased anxious behavior and 48 genes not involved in anxiety. We correlated the anxious behavior resulting from the deletion of these genes to their brain expression, using the Allen Brain Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The main finding is that the genes accompanied, after deletion, by a modification of the anxious behavior, have lower expression in the cerebral cortex, the amygdala and the ventral striatum. The lower expression level was putatively due to their selective presence in a neuronal subpopulation. This difference was replicated also using a database of human gene expression, further showing that the differential expression pertained, in humans, a temporal window of young postnatal age (4 months up to 4 years) but was not evident at fetal or adult human stages. Finally, using gene enrichment analysis we also show that presynaptic genes are involved in the emergence of anxiety and postsynaptic genes in the reduction of anxiety after gene deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Understanding the heritability of neural systems linked to psychopathology is not sufficient to implicate them as intergenerational neural mediators. By closely examining how individual differences in neural phenotypes and psychopathology cosegregate as they fall through the family tree, we can identify the brain systems that underlie the parent-to-child transmission of psychopathology. Although research has identified genes and neural circuits that contribute to the risk of developing anxiety and depression, the specific neural systems that mediate the inborn risk for these debilitating disorders remain unknown. In a sample of 592 young rhesus monkeys that are part of an extended multigenerational pedigree, we demonstrate that metabolism within a tripartite prefrontal-limbic-midbrain circuit mediates some of the inborn risk for developing anxiety and depression. Importantly, although brain volume is highly heritable early in life, it is brain metabolism-not brain structure-that is the critical intermediary between genetics and the childhood risk to develop stress-related psychopathology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Power RA, Pluess M. Heritability estimates of the Big Five personality traits based on common genetic variants. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e604. [PMID: 26171985 PMCID: PMC5068715 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
According to twin studies, the Big Five personality traits have substantial heritable components explaining 40-60% of the variance, but identification of associated genetic variants has remained elusive. Consequently, knowledge regarding the molecular genetic architecture of personality and to what extent it is shared across the different personality traits is limited. Using genomic-relatedness-matrix residual maximum likelihood analysis (GREML), we here estimated the heritability of the Big Five personality factors (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness for experience) in a sample of 5011 European adults from 527,469 single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the genome. We tested for the heritability of each personality trait, as well as for the genetic overlap between the personality factors. We found significant and substantial heritability estimates for neuroticism (15%, s.e. = 0.08, P = 0.04) and openness (21%, s.e. = 0.08, P < 0.01), but not for extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The bivariate analyses showed that the variance explained by common variants entirely overlapped between neuroticism and openness (rG = 1.00, P < 0.001), despite low phenotypic correlation (r = - 0.09, P < 0.001), suggesting that the remaining unique heritability may be determined by rare or structural variants. As far as we are aware of, this is the first study estimating the shared and unique heritability of all Big Five personality traits using the GREML approach. Findings should be considered exploratory and suggest that detectable heritability estimates based on common variants is shared between neuroticism and openness to experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Power
- MRC Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Pluess
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rudkowska I, Pérusse L, Bellis C, Blangero J, Després JP, Bouchard C, Vohl MC. Interaction between Common Genetic Variants and Total Fat Intake on Low-Density Lipoprotein Peak Particle Diameter: A Genome-Wide Association Study. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 8:44-53. [PMID: 26112879 DOI: 10.1159/000431151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Total fat intake has an important impact on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD) and may interact with nutrient-sensitive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The objective was to examine whether there is suggestive evidence of SNP × dietary fat intake interaction effects influencing the LDL-PPD in the Quebec Family Study (QFS) in order to generate hypotheses to be tested in larger studies. METHODS SNPs from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using Illumina Human610-Quad BeadChip, total fat intake derived from a 3-day weighted food record, and SNP × total fat intake interaction effects were examined on LDL-PPD in 541 QFS subjects. RESULTS The GWAS analyses 29 identified independent SNP × total fat intake interaction effects on the LDL-PPD at p < 10(-5), including SNPs in the following genes: ABCG2, CPA3, FNBP1, KCNQ3, NBAS, NCALD, OPRL1, NKAIN2, SH3BGRL2, SOX5, and SUSD4. CONCLUSIONS This observational study suggests that multiple SNPs interact with dietary fat intake to influence variation in the LDL-PPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rudkowska
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Qué., Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Washbourne P. Synapse assembly and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:4-15. [PMID: 24990427 PMCID: PMC4262893 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review we examine the current understanding of how genetic deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders may impact synapse assembly. We then go on to discuss how the critical periods for these genetic deficits will shape the nature of future clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Washbourne
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, Tel: +1 541 346 4138, Fax: +1 541 346 4548, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Interindividual differences in many behaviors are partly due to genetic differences, but the identification of the genes and variants that influence behavior remains challenging. Here, we studied an F2 intercross of two outbred lines of rats selected for tame and aggressive behavior toward humans for >64 generations. By using a mapping approach that is able to identify genetic loci segregating within the lines, we identified four times more loci influencing tameness and aggression than by an approach that assumes fixation of causative alleles, suggesting that many causative loci were not driven to fixation by the selection. We used RNA sequencing in 150 F2 animals to identify hundreds of loci that influence brain gene expression. Several of these loci colocalize with tameness loci and may reflect the same genetic variants. Through analyses of correlations between allele effects on behavior and gene expression, differential expression between the tame and aggressive rat selection lines, and correlations between gene expression and tameness in F2 animals, we identify the genes Gltscr2, Lgi4, Zfp40, and Slc17a7 as candidate contributors to the strikingly different behavior of the tame and aggressive animals.
Collapse
|
36
|
López-Solà C, Fontenelle LF, Alonso P, Cuadras D, Foley DL, Pantelis C, Pujol J, Yücel M, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C, Menchón JM, Harrison BJ. Prevalence and heritability of obsessive-compulsive spectrum and anxiety disorder symptoms: A survey of the Australian Twin Registry. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:314-25. [PMID: 24756981 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While past twin studies indicate moderate levels of heritability of "obsessive-compulsive related" and anxiety disorder symptoms, no single study has reported such estimates in the same twin population nor examined potential genetic sex differences. We assessed symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, hypochondriasis, panic disorder, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder in 2,495 adult twins (1,468 female). Prevalence estimates for the corresponding symptom measures were determined using empirically derived cut-off scores. Twin resemblance was assessed by Pearson correlations and biometrical model-fitting analyses, incorporating sex-specific effects, using OpenMx. Prevalence estimates ranged from 1.6% in the symptoms of generalized anxiety to 16.9% for social phobia. Female twins demonstrated significantly higher prevalence rates across all domains with the exception of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Additive genetic factors accounted for a moderate proportion of the total liability to each symptom domain. Evidence suggesting qualitative genetic sex differences (i.e., distinct genetic influences between genders) was observed for body dysmorphic concern and panic symptoms, while quantitative differences were observed for hoarding and social phobia symptoms, indicating stronger heritability in females. Novel findings in this study include the observation of probable genetic sex differences in liability towards hoarding symptoms and dysmorphic concern, as well as the lack of such differences in hypochondriasis. The trend towards qualitative sex differences in panic symptoms has some intuitive appeal with regard to biological-experimental models of panic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara López-Solà
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Family background of modern health worries, somatosensory amplification, and health anxiety: A questionnaire study. J Health Psychol 2014; 20:1549-57. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105313516661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of somatosensory amplification, health anxiety, and modern health worries, environmental factors seem more important than genetic background. Parental attitudes might represent a major source of learning. In total, 186 adolescents and their parents completed a questionnaire assessing modern health worries, somatosensory amplification, health anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Adolescents’ modern health worries, somatosensory amplification, and health anxiety were positively related to respective parental characteristics in regression analyses even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and somatic symptoms. Parental beliefs may play a role in the development of these characteristics.
Collapse
|
38
|
Walter S, Glymour MM, Koenen K, Liang L, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Cornelis M, Chang SC, Rimm E, Kawachi I, Kubzansky LD. Performance of polygenic scores for predicting phobic anxiety. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80326. [PMID: 24278274 PMCID: PMC3835914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Anxiety disorders are common, with a lifetime prevalence of 20% in the U.S., and are responsible for substantial burdens of disability, missed work days and health care utilization. To date, no causal genetic variants have been identified for anxiety, anxiety disorders, or related traits. Objective To investigate whether a phobic anxiety symptom score was associated with 3 alternative polygenic risk scores, derived from external genome-wide association studies of anxiety, an internally estimated agnostic polygenic score, or previously identified candidate genes. Design Longitudinal follow-up study. Using linear and logistic regression we investigated whether phobic anxiety was associated with polygenic risk scores derived from internal, leave-one out genome-wide association studies, from 31 candidate genes, and from out-of-sample genome-wide association weights previously shown to predict depression and anxiety in another cohort. Setting and Participants Study participants (n = 11,127) were individuals from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Main Outcome Measure Anxiety symptoms were assessed via the 8-item phobic anxiety scale of the Crown Crisp Index at two time points, from which a continuous phenotype score was derived. Results We found no genome-wide significant associations with phobic anxiety. Phobic anxiety was also not associated with a polygenic risk score derived from the genome-wide association study beta weights using liberal p-value thresholds; with a previously published genome-wide polygenic score; or with a candidate gene risk score based on 31 genes previously hypothesized to predict anxiety. Conclusion There is a substantial gap between twin-study heritability estimates of anxiety disorders ranging between 20–40% and heritability explained by genome-wide association results. New approaches such as improved genome imputations, application of gene expression and biological pathways information, and incorporating social or environmental modifiers of genetic risks may be necessary to identify significant genetic predictors of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Walter
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Karestan Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marilyn Cornelis
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shun-Chiao Chang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Greenwood TA, Badner JA, Byerley W, Keck PE, McElroy SL, Remick RA, Sadovnick AD, Kelsoe JR. Heritability and linkage analysis of personality in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:748-755. [PMID: 23972719 PMCID: PMC3797235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The many attempts that have been made to identify genes for bipolar disorder (BD) have met with limited success, which may reflect an inadequacy of diagnosis as an informative and biologically relevant phenotype for genetic studies. Here we have explored aspects of personality as quantitative phenotypes for bipolar disorder through the use of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), which assesses personality in seven dimensions. Four temperament dimensions are assessed: novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (PS). Three character dimensions are also included: self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (CO), and self-transcendence (ST). METHODS We compared personality scores between diagnostic groups and assessed heritability in a sample of 101 families collected for genetic studies of BD. A genome-wide SNP linkage analysis was then performed in the subset of 51 families for which genetic data was available. RESULTS Significant group differences were observed between BD subjects, their first-degree relatives, and independent controls for all but RD and PS, and all but HA and RD were found to be significantly heritable in this sample. Linkage analysis of the heritable dimensions produced several suggestive linkage peaks for NS (chromosomes 7q21 and 10p15), PS (chromosomes 6q16, 12p13, and 19p13), and SD (chromosomes 4q35, 8q24, and 18q12). LIMITATIONS The relatively small size of our linkage sample likely limited our ability to reach genome-wide significance in this study. CONCLUSIONS While not genome-wide significant, these results suggest that aspects of personality may prove useful in the identification of genes underlying BD susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul E. Keck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susan L. McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH,Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH
| | | | | | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zuo L, Wang KS, Zhang XY, Li CSR, Zhang F, Wang X, Chen W, Gao G, Zhang H, Krystal JH, Luo X. Rare SERINC2 variants are specific for alcohol dependence in individuals of European descent. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 23:395-402. [PMID: 23778322 PMCID: PMC4287355 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328362f9f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously reported a top-ranked risk gene [i.e., serine incorporator 2 gene (SERINC2)] for alcohol dependence in individuals of European descent by analyzing the common variants in a genome-wide association study. In the present study, we comprehensively examined the rare variants [minor allele frequency (MAF)<0.05] in the NKAIN1-SERINC2 region to confirm our previous finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A discovery sample (1409 European-American patients with alcohol dependence and 1518 European-American controls) and a replication sample (6438 European-Australian family participants with 1645 alcohol-dependent probands) were subjected to an association analysis. A total of 39,903 individuals from 19 other cohorts with 11 different neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders served as contrast groups. The entire NKAIN1-SERINC2 region was imputed in all cohorts using the same reference panels of genotypes that included rare variants from the whole-genome sequencing data. We stringently cleaned the phenotype and genotype data, and obtained a total of about 220 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in individuals of European descent and about 450 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the individuals of African descent with 0 RESULTS Using a weighted regression analysis implemented in the program SCORE-Seq, we found a rare variant constellation across the entire NKAIN1-SERINC2 region that was associated with alcohol dependence in European-Americans (Fp: overall, P=1.8×10(-4); VT: overall, P=1.4×10(-4); Collapsing, P=6.5×10(-5)) and European-Australians (Fp: overall, P=0.028; Collapsing, P=0.025), but not in African-Americans, and not associated with any other disorder examined. Association signals in this region came mainly from SERINC2, a gene that codes for an activity-regulated protein expressed in the brain that incorporates serine into lipids. In addition, 26 individual rare variants were nominally associated with alcohol dependence in European-Americans (P<0.05). The associations of five of these rare variants that lay within SERINC2 showed region-wide significance (P<α=0.0006) and 25 associations survived correction for a false discovery rate (q<0.05). The associations of two rare variants at SERINC2 were replicated in European-Australians (P<0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded that SERINC2 was a replicable and significant risk gene specific for alcohol dependence in individuals of European descent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Guimin Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Epidemiology and Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Psychiatry Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- VA Alcohol Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
de Wit J, O'Sullivan ML, Savas JN, Condomitti G, Caccese MC, Vennekens KM, Yates JR, Ghosh A. Unbiased discovery of glypican as a receptor for LRRTM4 in regulating excitatory synapse development. Neuron 2013; 79:696-711. [PMID: 23911103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins have recently been identified as important regulators of synapse development and function, but for many LRR proteins the ligand-receptor interactions are not known. Here we identify the heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan glypican as a receptor for LRRTM4 using an unbiased proteomics-based approach. Glypican binds LRRTM4, but not LRRTM2, in an HS-dependent manner. Glypican 4 (GPC4) and LRRTM4 localize to the pre- and postsynaptic membranes of excitatory synapses, respectively. Consistent with a trans-synaptic interaction, LRRTM4 triggers GPC4 clustering in contacting axons and GPC4 induces clustering of LRRTM4 in contacting dendrites in an HS-dependent manner. LRRTM4 positively regulates excitatory synapse development in cultured neurons and in vivo, and the synaptogenic activity of LRRTM4 requires the presence of HS on the neuronal surface. Our results identify glypican as an LRRTM4 receptor and indicate that a trans-synaptic glypican-LRRTM4 interaction regulates excitatory synapse development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris de Wit
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim HN, Roh SJ, Sung YA, Chung HW, Lee JY, Cho J, Shin H, Kim HL. Genome-wide association study of the five-factor model of personality in young Korean women. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:667-74. [PMID: 23903073 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality is a determinant of behavior and lifestyle associated with health and human diseases. Although personality is known to be a heritable trait, its polygenic nature has made the identification of genetic variants elusive. We performed a genome-wide association study on 1089 Korean women aged 18-40 years whose personality traits were measured with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory for the five-factor model of personality. To reduce environmental factors that may influence personality traits, this study was restricted to young adult women. In the discovery phase, we identified variants of PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type D) that associated this gene with the Openness domain. Other genes that were previously reported to be associated with neurological phenotypes were also associated with personality traits. In particular, DRD1 and OR1A2 were linked to Neuroticism, NKAIN2 with Extraversion, HTR5A with Openness and DRD3 with Agreeableness. Data from our replication study of 2090 subjects confirmed the association between OR1A2 and Neuroticism. We first identified and confirmed a novel region on OR1A2 associated with Neuroticism [corrected]. Candidate genes for psychiatric disorders were also enriched. These findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic architecture of personality traits and provide critical clues to the neurobiological mechanisms that influence them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sokolowska E, Hovatta I. Anxiety genetics - findings from cross-species genome-wide approaches. BIOLOGY OF MOOD & ANXIETY DISORDERS 2013; 3:9. [PMID: 23659354 PMCID: PMC3655048 DOI: 10.1186/2045-5380-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are complex diseases, which often occur in combination with major depression, alcohol use disorder, or general medical conditions. Anxiety disorders were the most common mental disorders within the EU states in 2010 with 14% prevalence. Anxiety disorders are triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals, and therefore genetic research offers a great route to unravel molecular basis of these diseases. As anxiety is an evolutionarily conserved response, mouse models can be used to carry out genome-wide searches for specific genes in a setting that controls for the environmental factors. In this review, we discuss translational approaches that aim to bridge results from unbiased genome-wide screens using mouse models to anxiety disorders in humans. Several methods, such as quantitative trait locus mapping, gene expression profiling, and proteomics, have been used in various mouse models of anxiety to identify genes that regulate anxiety or play a role in maintaining pathological anxiety. We first discuss briefly the evolutionary background of anxiety, which justifies cross-species approaches. We then describe how several genes have been identified through genome-wide methods in mouse models and subsequently investigated in human anxiety disorder samples as candidate genes. These studies have led to the identification of completely novel biological pathways that regulate anxiety in mice and humans, and that can be further investigated as targets for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sokolowska
- Department of Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Trzaskowski M, Eley TC, Davis OSP, Doherty SJ, Hanscombe KB, Meaburn EL, Haworth CMA, Price T, Plomin R. First genome-wide association study on anxiety-related behaviours in childhood. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58676. [PMID: 23565138 PMCID: PMC3614558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twin studies have shown that anxiety in a general population sample of children involves both domain-general and trait-specific genetic effects. For this reason, in an attempt to identify genes responsible for these effects, we investigated domain-general and trait-specific genetic associations in the first genome-wide association (GWA) study on anxiety-related behaviours (ARBs) in childhood. METHODS The sample included 2810 7-year-olds drawn from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) with data available for parent-rated anxiety and genome-wide DNA markers. The measure was the Anxiety-Related Behaviours Questionnaire (ARBQ), which assesses four anxiety traits and also yields a general anxiety composite. Affymetrix GeneChip 6.0 DNA arrays were used to genotype nearly 700,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and IMPUTE v2 was used to impute more than 1 million SNPs. Several GWA associations from this discovery sample were followed up in another TEDS sample of 4804 children. In addition, Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) was used on the discovery sample, to estimate the total amount of variance in ARBs that can be accounted for by SNPs on the array. RESULTS No SNP associations met the demanding criterion of genome-wide significance that corrects for multiple testing across the genome (p<5×10(-8)). Attempts to replicate the top associations did not yield significant results. In contrast to the substantial twin study estimates of heritability which ranged from 0.50 (0.03) to 0.61 (0.01), the GCTA estimates of phenotypic variance accounted for by the SNPs were much lower 0.01 (0.11) to 0.19 (0.12). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these GWAS and GCTA results suggest that anxiety--similar to height, weight and intelligence--is affected by many genetic variants of small effect, but unlike these other prototypical polygenic traits, genetic influence on anxiety is not well tagged by common SNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Trzaskowski
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Amin N, Schuur M, Gusareva ES, Isaacs A, Aulchenko YS, Kirichenko AV, Zorkoltseva IV, Axenovich TI, Oostra BA, Janssens ACJW, van Duijn CM. A genome-wide linkage study of individuals with high scores on NEO personality traits. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1031-41. [PMID: 21826060 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The NEO-Five-Factor Inventory divides human personality traits into five dimensions: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness. In this study, we sought to identify regions harboring genes with large effects on the five NEO personality traits by performing genome-wide linkage analysis of individuals scoring in the extremes of these traits (>90th percentile). Affected-only linkage analysis was performed using an Illumina 6K linkage array in a family-based study, the Erasmus Rucphen Family study. We subsequently determined whether distinct, segregating haplotypes found with linkage analysis were associated with the trait of interest in the population. Finally, a dense single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array (Illumina 318K) was used to search for copy number variations (CNVs) in the associated regions. In the families with extreme phenotype scores, we found significant evidence of linkage for conscientiousness to 20p13 (rs1434789, log of odds (LOD)=5.86) and suggestive evidence of linkage (LOD >2.8) for neuroticism to 19q, 21q and 22q, extraversion to 1p, 1q, 9p and12q, openness to 12q and 19q, and agreeableness to 2p, 6q, 17q and 21q. Further analysis determined haplotypes in 21q22 for neuroticism (P-values = 0.009, 0.007), in 17q24 for agreeableness (marginal P-value = 0.018) and in 20p13 for conscientiousness (marginal P-values = 0.058, 0.038) segregating in families with large contributions to the LOD scores. No evidence for CNVs in any of the associated regions was found. Our findings imply that there may be genes with relatively large effects involved in personality traits, which may be identified with next-generation sequencing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Newbury DF, Mari F, Sadighi Akha E, Macdermot KD, Canitano R, Monaco AP, Taylor JC, Renieri A, Fisher SE, Knight SJL. Dual copy number variants involving 16p11 and 6q22 in a case of childhood apraxia of speech and pervasive developmental disorder. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:361-5. [PMID: 22909776 PMCID: PMC3598310 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
47
|
Greenwood TA, Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Kelsoe JR. Genome-wide association study of temperament in bipolar disorder reveals significant associations with three novel Loci. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:303-10. [PMID: 22365631 PMCID: PMC3925336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The many attempts to identify genes for bipolar disorder (BD) have met with limited success, which has generally been attributed to genetic heterogeneity and small gene effects. However, it is also possible that the categorical phenotypes used in genetic studies of BD are not the most informative or biologically relevant. Although quantitative phenotypes provide an alternative to categorical phenotypes based on diagnosis, they have not been fully exploited in BD genetics due to the lack of accessible biological measures. We have explored aspects of temperament as quantitative phenotypes that might define subtypes of BD with different clinical features and courses of illness. Temperament is a heritable personality factor that establishes the baseline level of reactivity, mood, and energy of a person. METHODS We have performed a genome-wide association study with genotype data from the Bipolar Genome Study and 1263 bipolar subjects that had completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). The TEMPS-A is designed to assess lifelong, milder aspects of bipolar symptomatology and defines five temperaments: hyperthymic, dysthymic, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious. RESULTS The irritable temperament produced the most significant result with a genome-wide significant p value of 1.7 × 10(-8) on chromosome 1. The hyperthymic temperament produced additional genome-wide significant p values of 4.1 × 10(-8) and 2.1 × 10(-8) on chromosomes 12 and 22, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aspects of temperament might define subtypes of BD that are more clinically and genetically homogenous, which might aid in the identification of predisposing genetic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hagop S. Akiskal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,International Mood Center, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
van Veen T, Goeman JJ, Monajemi R, Wardenaar KJ, Hartman CA, Snieder H, Nolte IM, Penninx BWJH, Zitman FG. Different gene sets contribute to different symptom dimensions of depression and anxiety. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:519-28. [PMID: 22573416 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although many genetic association studies have been carried out, it remains unclear which genes contribute to depression. This may be due to heterogeneity of the DSM-IV category of depression. Specific symptom-dimensions provide a more homogenous phenotype. Furthermore, as effects of individual genes are small, analysis of genetic data at the pathway-level provides more power to detect associations and yield valuable biological insight. In 1,398 individuals with a Major Depressive Disorder, the symptom dimensions of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression, General Distress, Anhedonic Depression, and Anxious Arousal, were measured with the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (30-item Dutch adaptation; MASQ-D30). Association of these symptom dimensions with candidate gene sets and gene sets from two public pathway databases was tested using the Global test. One pathway was associated with General Distress, and concerned molecules expressed in the endoplasmatic reticulum lumen. Seven pathways were associated with Anhedonic Depression. Important themes were neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, and cytoskeleton. Furthermore, three gene sets associated with Anxious Arousal regarded development, morphology, and genetic recombination. The individual pathways explained up to 1.7% of the variance. These data demonstrate mechanisms that influence the specific dimensions. Moreover, they show the value of using dimensional phenotypes on one hand and gene sets on the other hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tineke van Veen
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
PKNOX2 is Associated with Formal Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia: a Meta-Analysis of Two Genome-wide Association Studies. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:265-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
50
|
Allen NJ, Bennett ML, Foo LC, Wang GX, Chakraborty C, Smith SJ, Barres BA. Astrocyte glypicans 4 and 6 promote formation of excitatory synapses via GluA1 AMPA receptors. Nature 2012; 486:410-4. [PMID: 22722203 PMCID: PMC3383085 DOI: 10.1038/nature11059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system (CNS), the control of synapse number and function is critical to the formation of neural circuits. We previously demonstrated that astrocyte-secreted factors powerfully induce the formation of functional excitatory synapses between CNS neurons1. Astrocyte-secreted thrombospondins induce structural synapses, however these synapses are post-synaptically silent2. Here we use biochemical fractionation of astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) to identify glypican 4 (Gpc4) and 6 (Gpc6) as astrocyte-secreted signals sufficient to induce functional synapses between purified retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurons, and show that depletion of these molecules from ACM significantly reduces its ability to induce postsynaptic activity. Application of Gpc4 to purified neurons is sufficient to increase the frequency and amplitude of glutamatergic synaptic events. This is achieved by increasing the surface level and clustering, but not overall cellular protein level, of the GluA1 subunit of the AMPA glutamate receptor (AMPAR). Gpc4&6 are expressed by astrocytes in vivo in the developing CNS, with Gpc4 expression enriched in the hippocampus and Gpc6 in the cerebellum. Finally, we demonstrate that Gpc4-deficient mice have defective synapse formation, with decreased amplitude of excitatory synaptic currents in the developing hippocampus and reduced recruitment of AMPARs to synapses. These data identify glypicans as a family of novel astrocyte-derived molecules that are necessary and sufficient to promote glutamate receptor clustering and receptivity and induce the formation of post-synaptically functioning CNS synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Allen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild Science Building D231, Stanford, California 94305-5125, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|