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Gayk ZG, Mennill DJ. Acoustic similarity of flight calls corresponds with the composition and structure of mixed-species flocks of migrating birds: evidence from a three-dimensional microphone array. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220114. [PMID: 37066647 PMCID: PMC10107232 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals that migrate in mixed-species groups may communicate with both conspecific and heterospecific individuals, providing a low-cost mechanism for navigation whenever individuals share similar migratory routes or destinations. Many migratory birds produce calls while flying, but the function of these calls, and the forces contributing to their evolution, are poorly known. We studied flight calls in mixed-species groups of wood warblers (Parulidae), a biodiverse group of migratory songbirds. We used a spatial approach to examine whether acoustic similarity of flight calls varies with group composition, recording flight calls of mixed-species flocks with a wireless microphone array and triangulating the positions of birds in three dimensions. We found that the acoustic similarity of flight calls was correlated with spatial proximity: birds with similar calls fly closer together during migration. We also found relationships between acoustic similarity, flock size and mixed-species flock diversity: birds with similar calls fly in smaller flocks and in flocks with lower species diversity. Our results support the idea that migrating birds use flight calls to maintain contact with acoustically similar individuals in mixed-species flocks, with communication transcending species boundaries. These results suggest that acoustically similar flight calls are used as cues of group assembly for migratory animals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach G. Gayk
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Daniel J. Mennill
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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van Moorter B, Singh NJ, Rolandsen CM, Solberg EJ, Dettki H, Pusenius J, Månsson J, Sand H, Milner JM, Roer O, Tallian A, Neumann W, Ericsson G, Mysterud A. Seasonal release from competition explains partial migration in European moose. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram van Moorter
- The Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research Torgarden Trondheim Norway
| | - Navinder J. Singh
- Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Dept of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Umeå Sweden
| | | | | | - Holger Dettki
- Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Swedish Species Information Centre Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Johan Månsson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Dept of Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Håkan Sand
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Dept of Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | - Jos M. Milner
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Ole Roer
- Faun Naturforvaltning AS Fyresdal Norway
| | - Aimee Tallian
- The Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research Torgarden Trondheim Norway
| | - Wiebke Neumann
- Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Dept of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Umeå Sweden
| | - Göran Ericsson
- Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Dept of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Umeå Sweden
| | - Atle Mysterud
- The Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research Torgarden Trondheim Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Dept of Biosciences, Univ. of Oslo Blindern Oslo Norway
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Baltensperger AP, Joly K. Using seasonal landscape models to predict space use and migratory patterns of an arctic ungulate. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:18. [PMID: 31183112 PMCID: PMC6551874 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caribou in the Western Arctic Herd undertake one of the longest, remaining intact migrations of terrestrial mammals in the world. They are also the most important subsistence resource for many northern rural residents, who rely on the caribou's migratory movements to bring them near for harvest. Migratory geography has never been static, but subsistence harvesters have reported recent shifts in migration away from areas where they traditionally occurred. The reasons behind these changes are not well-understood, but may be related to rapid climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. METHODS To predict changes in distribution and shifting migratory areas over the past decade, we used GPS telemetry data from adult females to develop predictive ecological niche models of caribou across northwestern Alaska. We employed the machine-learning algorithm, TreeNet, to analyze interactive, multivariate relationships between telemetry locations and 37 spatial environmental layers and to predict the distributions of caribou during spring, calving season, insect-harassment season, late summer, fall, and winter from 2009 to 2017. Model results were analyzed to identify regions of repeated predicted use, quantify mean longitude, predict land cover selection, and track migratory changes over time. RESULTS Distribution models accurately predicted caribou at a spatially-explicit, 500-m scale. Model analyses identified migratory areas that shifted annually across the region, but which predicted 4 main areas of repeated use. Niche models were defined largely by non-linear relationships with coastally-influenced, climatic variables, especially snow-free date, potential evapo-transpiration, growing season length, proximity to sea ice, winter precipitation and fall temperature. Proximity to roads and communities were also important and we predicted caribou to generally occur more than 20-100 km from these features. CONCLUSIONS Western Arctic Herd caribou were predicted to occur in warmer, snow-free and treeless areas that may provide conditions conducive for efficient travel and foraging. Rapidly changing seasonal climates and coastal influences that determine forage availability, and human impediments that slow or divert movements are related to geographically and phenologically dynamic migration patterns that may periodically shift caribou away from traditional harvest areas. An enhanced understanding of the geographic behavior of caribou over time could inform traditional harvests and help conserve important Western Arctic caribou migratory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Joly
- 4175 Geist Rd, National Park Service, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA
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Walker LE, Marzluff JM, Metz MC, Wirsing AJ, Moskal LM, Stahler DR, Smith DW. Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11158-11168. [PMID: 30519433 PMCID: PMC6262918 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Top predators have cascading effects throughout the food web, but their impacts on scavenger abundance are largely unknown. Gray wolves (Canis lupus) provide carrion to a suite of scavenger species, including the common raven (Corvus corax). Ravens are wide-ranging and intelligent omnivores that commonly take advantage of anthropogenic food resources. In areas where they overlap with wolves, however, ravens are numerous and ubiquitous scavengers of wolf-acquired carrion. We aimed to determine whether subsidies provided through wolves are a limiting factor for raven populations in general and how the wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park in 1995-1997 affected raven population abundance and distribution on the Yellowstone's Northern Range specifically. We counted ravens throughout Yellowstone's Northern Range in March from 2009 to 2017 in both human-use areas and wolf habitat. We then used statistics related to the local wolf population and the winter weather conditions to model raven abundance during our study period and predict raven abundance on the Northern Range both before and after the wolf reintroduction. In relatively severe winters with greater snowpack, raven abundance increased in areas of human use and decreased in wolf habitat. When wolves were able to acquire more carrion, however, ravens increased in wolf habitat and decreased in areas with anthropogenic resources. Raven populations prior to the wolf reintroduction were likely more variable and heavily dependent on ungulate winter-kill and hunter-provided carcasses. The wolf recovery in Yellowstone helped stabilize raven populations by providing a regular food supply, regardless of winter severity. This stabilization has important implications for effective land management as wolves recolonize the west and global climate patterns change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Walker
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesYellowstone National ParkWyoming
- College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - John M. Marzluff
- College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Matthew C. Metz
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesYellowstone National ParkWyoming
- College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana
| | - Aaron J. Wirsing
- College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - L. Monika Moskal
- College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | - Douglas W. Smith
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesYellowstone National ParkWyoming
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Rolandsen CM, Solberg EJ, Saether BE, Moorter BV, Herfindal I, Bjørneraas K. On fitness and partial migration in a large herbivore - migratory moose have higher reproductive performance than residents. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christer M. Rolandsen
- Dept of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
- Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research; Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Dept of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Ivar Herfindal
- Dept of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
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Wołoszyn-Gałęza A, Perzanowski K, Januszczak M, Pagacz S. Habitat Preferences of a European Bison (Bison bonasus) Population in the Carpathian Mountains. ANN ZOOL FENN 2016. [DOI: 10.5735/086.053.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Refoyo P, Olmedo C, Muñoz B. Space use of a reintroduced population of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in a protected natural area. CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, wild ungulates have undergone major expansion and population growth during recent decades. In certain cases, the high density achieved by these populations has led to excessive pressure on the environment, which eventually becomes a limiting factor for the population itself. One of these reintroductions was performed with the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838) in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Spain). This reintroduced population was monitored during six field seasons (2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, and 2014) by direct observation of the animals along transects using the distance sampling method to determine the degree of expansion over the years and the use of different habitats according to different seasons. The abundances obtained for each field season showed a significant increase from 4.16 to 8.65 individuals/km, showing a linear relationship between abundance and extent of the area occupied by the species. We observed that differences between habitat availability and use were significant for all seasons. Our data can be used as an example of the colonization process of a population of wild ungulates and their impact on vegetation to better manage future reintroductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Refoyo
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040 Madrid
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040 Madrid
| | - C. Olmedo
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040 Madrid
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040 Madrid
| | - B. Muñoz
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040 Madrid
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, E-28040 Madrid
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Steenweg R, Hebblewhite M, Gummer D, Low B, Hunt B. Assessing Potential Habitat and Carrying Capacity for Reintroduction of Plains Bison (Bison bison bison) in Banff National Park. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150065. [PMID: 26910226 PMCID: PMC4765961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in bison (Bison bison, B. bonasus) conservation and restoration continues to grow globally. In Canada, plains bison (B. b. bison) are threatened, occupying less than 0.5% of their former range. The largest threat to their recovery is the lack of habitat in which they are considered compatible with current land uses. Fences and direct management make range expansion by most bison impossible. Reintroduction of bison into previously occupied areas that remain suitable, therefore, is critical for bison recovery in North America. Banff National Park is recognized as historical range of plains bison and has been identified as a potential site for reintroduction of a wild population. To evaluate habitat quality and assess if there is sufficient habitat for a breeding population, we developed a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the proposed reintroduction and surrounding areas in Banff National Park (Banff). We then synthesize previous studies on habitat relationships, forage availability, bison energetics and snowfall scenarios to estimate nutritional carrying capacity. Considering constraints on nutritional carrying capacity, the most realistic scenario that we evaluated resulted in an estimated maximum bison density of 0.48 bison/km2. This corresponds to sufficient habitat to support at least 600 to 1000 plains bison, which could be one of the largest 10 plains bison populations in North America. Within Banff, there is spatial variation in predicted bison habitat suitability and population size that suggests one potential reintroduction site as the most likely to be successful from a habitat perspective. The successful reintroduction of bison into Banff would represent a significant global step towards conserving this iconic species, and our approach provides a useful template for evaluating potential habitat for other endangered species reintroductions into their former range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Steenweg
- Wildlife Biology Program, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David Gummer
- Resource Conservation, Banff National Park, Parks Canada, Banff, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian Low
- Resource Conservation, Banff National Park, Parks Canada, Banff, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bill Hunt
- Resource Conservation, Banff National Park, Parks Canada, Banff, Alberta, Canada
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Hobbs NT, Geremia C, Treanor J, Wallen R, White PJ, Hooten MB, Rhyan JC. State-space modeling to support management of brucellosis in the Yellowstone bison population. ECOL MONOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1413.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Treanor JJ, Geremia C, Ballou MA, Keisler DH, White PJ, Cox JJ, Crowley PH. Maintenance of brucellosis in Yellowstone bison: linking seasonal food resources, host-pathogen interaction, and life-history trade-offs. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3783-99. [PMID: 26380705 PMCID: PMC4567880 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The seasonal availability of food resources is an important factor shaping the life-history strategies of organisms. During times of nutritional restriction, physiological trade-offs can induce periods of immune suppression, thereby increasing susceptibility to infectious disease. Our goal was to provide a conceptual framework describing how the endemic level bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) may be maintained in Yellowstone bison based on the seasonality of food resources and the life-history strategies of the host and pathogen. Our analysis was based on active B. abortus infection (measured via bacterial culture), nutritional indicators (measured as metabolites and hormones in plasma), and carcass measurements of 402 slaughtered bison. Data from Yellowstone bison were used to investigate (1) whether seasonal changes in diet quality affect nutritional condition and coincide with the reproductive needs of female bison; (2) whether active B. abortus infection and infection intensities vary with host nutrition and nutritional condition; and (3) the evidence for seasonal changes in immune responses, which may offer protection against B. abortus, in relation to nutritional condition. Female bison experienced a decline in nutritional condition during winter as reproductive demands of late gestation increased while forage quality and availability declined. Active B. abortus infection was negatively associated with bison age and nutritional condition, with the intensity of infection negatively associated with indicators of nutrition (e.g., dietary protein and energy) and body weight. Data suggest that protective cell-mediated immune responses may be reduced during the B. abortus transmission period, which coincides with nutritional insufficiencies and elevated reproductive demands during spring. Our results illustrate how seasonal food restriction can drive physiological trade-offs that suppress immune function and create infection and transmission opportunities for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Treanor
- National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park P.O. 168, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming, 82190
| | - Chris Geremia
- National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park P.O. 168, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming, 82190
| | - Michael A Ballou
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas, 79409
| | - Duane H Keisler
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, 65211
| | - Patrick J White
- National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park P.O. 168, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming, 82190
| | - John J Cox
- Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
| | - Philip H Crowley
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
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Wall J, Wittemyer G, Klinkenberg B, Douglas-Hamilton I. Novel opportunities for wildlife conservation and research with real-time monitoring. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:593-601. [PMID: 24988762 DOI: 10.1890/13-1971.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of global communication networks and advances in animal-tracking technology make possible the real-time telemetry of positional data as recorded by animal-attached tracking units. When combined with continuous, algorithm-based analytical capability, unique opportunities emerge for applied ecological monitoring and wildlife conservation. We present here four broad approaches for algorithmic wildlife monitoring in real time--proximity, geofencing, movement rate, and immobility--designed to examine aspects of wildlife spatial activity and behavior not possible with conventional tracking systems. Application of these four routines to the real-time monitoring of 94 African elephants was made. We also provide details of our cloud-based monitoring system including infrastructure, data collection, and customized software for continuous tracking data analysis. We also highlight future directions of real-time collection and analysis of biological, physiological, and environmental information from wildlife to encourage further development of needed algorithms and monitoring technology. Real-time processing of remotely collected, animal biospatial data promises to open novel directions in ecological research, applied species monitoring, conservation programs, and public outreach and education.
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12
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Geremia C, White PJ, Hoeting JA, Wallen RL, Watson FGR, Blanton D, Hobbs NT. Integrating population- and individual-level information in a movement model of Yellowstone bison. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:346-362. [PMID: 24689146 DOI: 10.1890/13-0137.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the world, fragmentation of landscapes by human activities has constrained the opportunity for large herbivores to migrate. Conflict between people and wildlife results when migrating animals transmit disease to livestock, damage property, and threaten human safety. Mitigating this conflict requires understanding the forces that shape migration patterns. Bison Bos bison migrating from Yellowstone National Park into the state of Montana during winter and spring concern ranchers on lands surrounding the park because bison can transmit brucellosis (Brucella abortus) to cattle. Migrations have been constrained, with bison being lethally removed or moved back into the park. We developed a state-space model to support decisions on bison management aimed at mitigating conflict with landowners outside the park. The model integrated recent GPS observations with 22 years (1990-2012) of aerial counts to forecast monthly distributions and identify factors driving migration. Wintering areas were located along decreasing elevation gradients, and bison accumulated in wintering areas prior to moving to areas progressively lower in elevation. Bison movements were affected by time since the onset of snowpack, snowpack magnitude, standing crop, and herd size. Migration pathways were increasingly used over time, suggesting that experience or learning influenced movements. To support adaptive management of Yellowstone bison, we forecast future movements to evaluate alternatives. Our approach of developing models capable of making explicit probabilistic forecasts of large herbivore movements and seasonal distributions is applicable to managing the migratory movements of large herbivores worldwide. These forecasts allow managers to develop and refine strategies in advance, and promote sound decision-making that reduces conflict as migratory animals come into contact with people.
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Trancart T, Acou A, De Oliveira E, Feunteun E. Forecasting animal migration using SARIMAX: an efficient means of reducing silver eel mortality caused by turbines. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Hou Q, Sun X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Jin Z. Modeling the transmission dynamics of sheep brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Math Biosci 2013; 242:51-8. [PMID: 23313258 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases in China, especially in Inner Mongolia where occurs the largest number of human brucellosis cases of Mainland China, which can be attributed to the large number of sheep kept there, since at least 90% of the human brucellosis cases are caused by sheep. Therefore, given the characteristics of the brucellosis infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we propose a dynamic model for the sheep-human transmission of brucellosis, involving sheep population, human population and brucella in the environment. We first determine the basic reproduction number R(0) and analyze the global stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium. Secondly, using the reported human brucellosis data, we carry out numerical simulations and make sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number in terms of some parameters. The results show that brucellosis cannot be eradicated even though disinfection rate and vaccination rate of adult sheep are 100%. By investigating and comparing the effect of vaccination, disinfection and eliminating strategies, we find that vaccinating and disinfecting both young and adult sheep are appropriate and effective strategies to control brucellosis in Inner Mongolia of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hou
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shan'xi 030051, China
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15
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Miller JH. Spatial fidelity of skeletal remains: elk wintering and calving grounds revealed by bones on the Yellowstone landscape. Ecology 2012; 93:2474-82. [DOI: 10.1890/12-0272.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Naidoo R, Du Preez P, Stuart-Hill G, Jago M, Wegmann M. Home on the range: factors explaining partial migration of African buffalo in a tropical environment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36527. [PMID: 22570722 PMCID: PMC3343005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial migration (when only some individuals in a population undertake seasonal migrations) is common in many species and geographical contexts. Despite the development of modern statistical methods for analyzing partial migration, there have been no studies on what influences partial migration in tropical environments. We present research on factors affecting partial migration in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in northeastern Namibia. Our dataset is derived from 32 satellite tracking collars, spans 4 years and contains over 35,000 locations. We used remotely sensed data to quantify various factors that buffalo experience in the dry season when making decisions on whether and how far to migrate, including potential man-made and natural barriers, as well as spatial and temporal heterogeneity in environmental conditions. Using an information-theoretic, non-linear regression approach, our analyses showed that buffalo in this area can be divided into 4 migratory classes: migrants, non-migrants, dispersers, and a new class that we call “expanders”. Multimodel inference from least-squares regressions of wet season movements showed that environmental conditions (rainfall, fires, woodland cover, vegetation biomass), distance to the nearest barrier (river, fence, cultivated area) and social factors (age, size of herd at capture) were all important in explaining variation in migratory behaviour. The relative contributions of these variables to partial migration have not previously been assessed for ungulates in the tropics. Understanding the factors driving migratory decisions of wildlife will lead to better-informed conservation and land-use decisions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Naidoo
- Conservation Science Program, World Wildlife Fund-United States (WWF-US), Washington, DC, USA.
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Treanor JJ, Geremia C, Crowley PH, Cox JJ, White PJ, Wallen RL, Blanton DW. Estimating probabilities of active brucellosis infection in Yellowstone bison through quantitative serology and tissue culture. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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