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Coello AJ, Vargas P, Alameda‐Martín A, Cano E, Arjona Y, Fernández‐Mazuecos M. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic evidence for the colonization success of the diplochorous Astydamia latifolia across the Canary Islands. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11624. [PMID: 38966248 PMCID: PMC11222747 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Astydamia latifolia is the only species of the genus Astydamia, which forms an early-diverging lineage of Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae. This species is subendemic to the Canary Islands and one of the most representative species of the coastal environments of this archipelago. Astydamia displays diplochory, that is, diaspores with two long-distance dispersal (LDD) syndromes. In particular, A. latifolia has both anemochorous and thalassochorous fruit traits (corky and winged mericarps). Although we expect this species to have a high dispersal capacity, there is no genetic study addressing it. The divergence time of this species from its sister taxon is also unknown. In this study, we aimed (i) to unveil the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of A. latifolia; (ii) to reconstruct its phylogeographic structure across the Canary Islands; and (iii) to estimate the number of inter-island colonization events. To these ends, we first sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for A. latifolia, reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Astydamia and Apiaceae relatives and estimated divergence times. Then, two plastid DNA regions (psaI-aacD and psbK-trnS) were sequenced for 158 individuals (from 36 Canarian population and one NW African population) to reconstruct a haplotype network. The recently developed method Phylogeographic Analysis of Island Colonization Events (PAICE) was used to estimate the number of inter-island colonization events. Results show that A. latifolia is a phylogenetically isolated lineage that diverged from the most closely related genus (Molopospermum) in the Eocene-Miocene. It displays a low plastid DNA diversity (only four haplotypes detected), which is accompanied by a high degree of haplotype sharing between islands and highly linear rarefaction curves of colonization obtained in PAICE. These findings suggest a high colonization ability for this species, most likely related to the availability of two LDD syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Coello
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of BotanyNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Aitor Alameda‐Martín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Departamento de AgronomíaUniversidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | | | - Yurena Arjona
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of La LagunaSan Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain
| | - Mario Fernández‐Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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Fernández-Palacios JM, Otto R, Capelo J, Caujapé-Castells J, de Nascimento L, Duarte MC, Elias RB, García-Verdugo C, Menezes de Sequeira M, Médail F, Naranjo-Cigala A, Patiño J, Price J, Romeiras MM, Sánchez-Pinto L, Whittaker RJ. In defence of the entity of Macaronesia as a biogeographical region. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38888215 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Since its coinage ca. 1850 AD by Philip Barker Webb, the biogeographical region of Macaronesia, consisting of the North Atlantic volcanic archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira with the tiny Selvagens, the Canaries and Cabo Verde, and for some authors different continental coastal strips, has been under dispute. Herein, after a brief introduction on the terminology and purpose of regionalism, we recover the origins of the Macaronesia name, concept and geographical adscription, as well as its biogeographical implications and how different authors have positioned themselves, using distinct terrestrial or marine floristic and/or faunistic taxa distributions and relationships for accepting or rejecting the existence of this biogeographical region. Four main issues related to Macaronesia are thoroughly discussed: (i) its independence from the Mediterranean phytogeographical region; (ii) discrepancies according to different taxa analysed; (iii) its geographical limits and the role of the continental enclave(s), and, (iv) the validity of the phytogeographical region level. We conclude that Macaronesia has its own identity and a sound phytogeographical foundation, and that this is mainly based on three different floristic components that are shared by the Macaronesian core (Madeira and the Canaries) and the outermost archipelagos (Azores and Cabo Verde). These floristic components are: (i) the Palaeotropical-Tethyan Geoflora, formerly much more widely distributed in Europe and North Africa and currently restricted to the three northern archipelagos (the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries); (ii) the African Rand Flora, still extant in the coastal margins of Africa and Arabia, and present in the southern archipelagos (Madeira, the Canaries and Cabo Verde), and (iii) the Macaronesian neoendemic floristic component, represented in all the archipelagos, a result of allopatric diversification promoted by isolation of Mediterranean ancestors that manage to colonize Central Macaronesia and, from there, the outer archipelagos. Finally, a differentiating floristic component recently colonized the different archipelagos from the nearest continental coast, providing them with different biogeographic flavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Fernández-Palacios
- Grupo de Ecología y Biogeografía Insular, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal e Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Campus de Anchieta, Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38200, Spain
| | - Rüdiger Otto
- Grupo de Ecología y Biogeografía Insular, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal e Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Campus de Anchieta, Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38200, Spain
| | - Jorge Capelo
- Herbarium, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
- LEAF Research Centre - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, University of Lisbon, Tapada de Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo' - Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Carretera del Dragonal Km 7 (GC-310), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - Lea de Nascimento
- Grupo de Ecología y Biogeografía Insular, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal e Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Campus de Anchieta, Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38200, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Duarte
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Rui B Elias
- Azorean Biodiversity Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroismo, 9700-042, Portugal
| | - Carlos García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avenida de Fuente Nueva, s/n, Beiro, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Miguel Menezes de Sequeira
- Madeira Botanical Group (GBM), Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal, 9020-105, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Médail
- Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD. Campus Aix, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, 13545, France
| | - Agustín Naranjo-Cigala
- Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, c/ Pérez del Toro, 1, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004, Spain
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38206, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Facultad de Farmacia. Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38206, Spain
| | - Jonathan Price
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St, Hilo, HI, 96720-4091, USA
| | - Maria M Romeiras
- LEAF Research Centre - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, University of Lisbon, Tapada de Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Lázaro Sánchez-Pinto
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales, c/ Fuente Morales, 1, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38003, Spain
| | - Robert J Whittaker
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 2nd FL, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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Coello AJ, Vargas P, Cano E, Riina R, Fernández-Mazuecos M. Phylogenetics and phylogeography of Euphorbia canariensis reveal an extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction but limited inter-island colonization. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:398-414. [PMID: 38444147 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Euphorbia canariensis is an iconic endemic species representative of the lowland xerophytic communities of the Canary Islands. It is widely distributed in the archipelago despite having diasporas unspecialized for long-distance dispersal. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of E. canariensis at two levels: a time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis aimed at clarifying interspecific relationships and large-scale biogeographic patterns; and a phylogeographic study focused on the history of colonization across the Canary Islands. For the phylogenetic study, we sequenced the ITS region for E. canariensis and related species of Euphorbia sect. Euphorbia. For the phylogeographic study, we sequenced two cpDNA regions for 28 populations representing the distribution range of E. canariensis. The number of inter-island colonization events was explored using PAICE, a recently developed method that includes a sample size correction. Additionally, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to evaluate environmental suitability for E. canariensis through time. Phylogenetic results supported a close relationship between E. canariensis and certain Southeast Asian species (E. epiphylloides, E. lacei, E. sessiliflora). In the Canaries, E. canariensis displayed a west-to-east colonization pattern, not conforming to the "progression rule", i.e. the concordance between phylogeographic patterns and island emergence times. We estimated between 20 and 50 inter-island colonization events, all of them in the Quaternary, and SDM suggested a late Quaternary increase in environmental suitability for E. canariensis. The extreme biogeographic disjunction between Macaronesia and Southeast Asia (ca. 11,000 km) parallels that found in a few other genera (Pinus, Dracaena). We hypothesize that these disjunctions are better explained by extinction across north Africa and southwest Asia rather than long-distance dispersal. The relatively low number of inter-island colonization events across the Canaries is congruent with the low dispersal capabilities of E. canariensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Coello
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Cano
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Riina
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bastin S, Burckhardt D, Reyes-Betancort JA, Hernández-Suárez E, Ouvrard D. A review of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Canary Islands, with descriptions of two new genera and sixteen new species. Zootaxa 2023; 5313:1-98. [PMID: 37518624 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5313.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The psyllid fauna of the Canary Islands is reviewed on the basis of recent field work on Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma Gran Canaria and Lanzarote, as well as the examination of material deposited in several collections. Two new genera and 16 new species are described: Drepanoza Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard gen. nov., Percyella Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard gen. nov., Agonoscena atlantica Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., A. sinuata Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Arytaina meridionalis Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Cacopsylla crenulatae Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., C. falcicauda Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Diaphorina gonzalezi Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Drepanoza canariensis Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., D. fruticulosi Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., D. molinai Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Euphyllura confusa Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Percyella benahorita Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., P. canari Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., P. gomerita Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., P. guanche Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Strophingia canariensis Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov. and S. paligera Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov. Arytaina insularis Loginova, 1976, stat. nov. is elevated from a subspecies of A. devia Loginova, 1976 to species rank. Five new combinations are proposed: Drepanoza fernandesi (Aguiar, 2001) comb. nov., D. lienhardi (Burckhardt, 1981) comb. nov., D. montanetana (Aguiar, 2001) comb. nov., D. pittospori (Aguiar, 2001) comb. nov. and Lauritrioza laurisilvae (Hodkinson, 1990) comb. nov., all transferred from Trioza. The hitherto unknown last-instar immatures are described for Megadicrania tecticeps Loginova, 1976, Cacopsylla atlantica (Loginova, 1976) and Lauritrioza laurisilvae (Hodkinson, 1990). We also report Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein, 1874) for the first time from the Canary Islands. Our review increases the number of known psyllid taxa from the Canary Islands to 24 genera and 62 species (one of which remains undescribed). Endemism, host plant relationships and biogeographic patterns are discussed. Keys for the identification of adults and immatures are provided, as well as information on host plants, distribution and predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bastin
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias; Unidad de Protección Vegetal; C/ El Boquerón s/n; 38200; La Laguna; Tenerife; Spain; Universidad de La Laguna; Escuela de Doctorado; Av. Astrofisico Francisco Sánchez; s/n; La Laguna; Spain.
| | - Daniel Burckhardt
- Naturhistorisches Museum; Augustinergasse 2; 4001 Basel; Switzerland.
| | - J Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias; Jardín de Aclimatación de La Oratava; C/ Retama 2; 38400 Puerto de la Cruz; Tenerife; Spain.
| | - Estrella Hernández-Suárez
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias; Unidad de Protección Vegetal; C/ El Boquerón s/n; 38200; La Laguna; Tenerife; Spain.
| | - David Ouvrard
- ANSES; Plant Health Laboratory; Entomology and Invasive Plants Unit; 755 avenue du campus Agropolis - CS 30016 - 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex France.
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Vitales D, Guerrero C, Garnatje T, Romeiras MM, Santos A, Fernandes F, Vallès J. Parallel anagenetic patterns in endemic Artemisia species from three Macaronesian archipelagos. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad057. [PMID: 37649982 PMCID: PMC10465267 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Anagenetic speciation is an important mode of evolution in oceanic islands, yet relatively understudied compared to adaptive radiation. In the Macaronesian region, three closely related species of Artemisia (i.e. A. argentea, A. thuscula and A. gorgonum) are each endemic from a single archipelago (i.e. Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde, respectively), representing a perfect opportunity to study three similar but independent anagenetic speciation processes. By analysing plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, as well as nuclear DNA amount data, generated from a comprehensive sampling in all the islands and archipelagos where these species are currently distributed, we intend to find common evolutionary patterns that help us explain the limited taxonomic diversification experienced by endemic Macaronesian Artemisia. Our time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that divergence among the three lineages occurred in a coincidental short period of time during the Pleistocene. Haplotype and genetic differentiation analyses showed similar diversity values among A. argentea, A. thuscula and A. gorgonum. Clear phylogeographic patterns-showing comparable genetic structuring among groups of islands-were also found within the three archipelagos. Even from the cytogenetic point of view, the three species presented similarly lower genome size values compared to the mainland closely related species A. arborescens. We hypothesize that the limited speciation experienced by the endemic Artemisia in Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde archipelagos could be related to their recent parallel evolutionary histories as independent lineages, combined with certain shared characteristics of seed dispersal, pollen transport and type of habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació-Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria M Romeiras
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1340-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Arnoldo Santos
- Calle Guaidil 16, 38280 Tegueste, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernandes
- Jardim Botânico da Madeira Eng. Rui Vieira, Caminho do Meio Bom Sucesso, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació-Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Fernández‐Palacios JM, Schrader J, de Nascimento L, Irl SDH, Sánchez‐Pinto L, Otto R. Are plant communities on the Canary Islands resistant to plant invasion? DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José María Fernández‐Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC) Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) La Laguna Spain
| | - Julian Schrader
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Lea de Nascimento
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC) Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) La Laguna Spain
| | - Severin D. H. Irl
- Biogeography and Biodiversity Lab, Institute of Physical Geography Goethe‐ University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Otto
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) La Laguna Spain
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Setsuko S, Sugai K, Tamaki I, Takayama K, Kato H. Contrasting genetic diversity between Planchonella obovata sensu lato (Sapotaceae) on old continental and young oceanic island populations in Japan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273871. [PMID: 36054192 PMCID: PMC9439235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity of plant populations on islands is likely to be influenced by characteristics such as island origin (oceanic or continental) and their age, size, and distance to continental landmasses. In Japan, Planchonella obovata sensu lato which is found on both continental and oceanic islands of varying age, size, and distance to East Asian continental areas-is an ideal system in which to investigate the factors influencing genetic diversity of island plant species. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of P. obovata s.l. populations, in the context of the species population genetic structure, demography, and between island migration, from 668 individuals, 28 populations and 14 islands including both continental (the Yaeyama Islands) and oceanic islands (the Daito, Bonin, and Volcano Islands) using 11 microsatellite markers. The Yaeyama and Volcano Islands respectively had the highest and lowest genetic diversity, and island origin and age significantly affected genetic diversity. Clustering analysis revealed that populations were grouped into Bonin, Volcano, and Yaeyama + Daito groups. However, Bonin and Volcano groups were distinct despite the relatively short geographical distance between them. Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis suggested that the population size was stable in Bonin and Yaeyama + Daito groups, whereas population reduction occurred in Volcano group, and migration between groups were very limited. Younger oceanic islands showed lower genetic diversity, probably due to limited gene flow and a lack of time to accumulate unique alleles. Genetic structure was generally consistent with the geographic pattern of the islands, but in Volcano, a limited number of founders and limited gene flow among islands are likely to have caused the large genetic divergence observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuki Setsuko
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sugai
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tamaki
- Gifu Academy of Forest Science and Culture, Mino, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kato
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Ben-Menni Schuler S, Picazo-Aragonés J, Rumsey FJ, Romero-García AT, Suárez-Santiago VN. Macaronesia Acts as a Museum of Genetic Diversity of Relict Ferns: The Case of Diplazium caudatum (Athyriaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112425. [PMID: 34834788 PMCID: PMC8623695 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Macaronesia has been considered a refuge region of the formerly widespread subtropical lauroid flora that lived in Southern Europe during the Tertiary. The study of relict angiosperms has shown that Macaronesian relict taxa preserve genetic variation and revealed general patterns of colonization and dispersal. However, information on the conservation of genetic diversity and range dynamics rapidly diminishes when referring to pteridophytes, despite their dominance of the herbaceous stratum in the European tropical palaeoflora. Here we aim to elucidate the pattern of genetic diversity and phylogeography of Diplazium caudatum, a hypothesized species of the Tertiary Palaeotropical flora and currently with its populations restricted across Macaronesia and disjunctly in the Sierras de Algeciras (Andalusia, southern Iberian Peninsula). We analysed 12 populations across the species range using eight microsatellite loci, sequences of a region of plastid DNA, and carry out species-distribution modelling analyses. Our dating results confirm the Tertiary origin of this species. The Macaronesian archipelagos served as a refuge during at least the Quaternary glacial cycles, where populations of D. caudatum preserved higher levels of genetic variation than mainland populations. Our data suggest the disappearance of the species in the continent and the subsequent recolonization from Macaronesia. The results of the AMOVA analysis and the indices of clonal diversity and linkage disequilibrium suggest that D. caudatum is a species in which inter-gametophytic outcrossing predominates, and that in the Andalusian populations there was a shift in mating system toward increased inbreeding and/or clonality. The model that best explains the genetic diversity distribution pattern observed in Macaronesia is, the initial and recurrent colonization between islands and archipelagos and the relatively recent diversification of restricted area lineages, probably due to the decrease of favorable habitats and competition with lineages previously established. This study extends to ferns the concept of Macaronesia archipelagos as refugia for genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ben-Menni Schuler
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.B.-M.S.); (J.P.-A.); (A.T.R.-G.)
| | - Jesús Picazo-Aragonés
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.B.-M.S.); (J.P.-A.); (A.T.R.-G.)
| | - Fred J. Rumsey
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;
| | - Ana Teresa Romero-García
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.B.-M.S.); (J.P.-A.); (A.T.R.-G.)
| | - Víctor N. Suárez-Santiago
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.B.-M.S.); (J.P.-A.); (A.T.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-248814
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9
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Geng Y, Wu W, Li R, Xu J, Gu R, Lu J, Zheng W, Zhao F, Zhang J, Gong J. Founder Effects Contribute to the Population Genetic Structure of the Major Dermatophytosis Pathogen Trichophyton rubrum on Hainan Island, China. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1569-1577. [PMID: 34737596 PMCID: PMC8558103 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s329569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Founder events have been observed among numerous plants and animal species living on oceanic islands due to the geographic separation of these islands and the small amount of original life they harbor. However, there has been little research on the ecological characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms on islands. Trichophyton rubrum ranks the most common isolated dermatophyte causing dermatophytosis in clinic and has become an epidemic strain worldwide in recent decades. Objective To study the phylogenetic characteristics and the distribution pattern of genetic polymorphism of T. rubrum in China, which further provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of T. rubrum. Methods In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the genetic characteristics of 204 T. rubrum isolates from Hainan Island and other sites in China. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic polymorphisms were studied based on a total of 41,409 high-quality whole-genome SNPs. Results The majority of the isolates from Hainan Island clustered together. Mixed T. rubrum population differentiation was observed among the strains of different geographical origins. In addition, the genetic diversity (π) of the Hainan isolates was low and showed no significant difference from that of isolates from other sites. Conclusion This study is the first to discuss general ecological and evolutionary principles related to pathogenic fungi. Our findings reveal a founder effect during the origination of T. rubrum on Hainan Island and provide guidance regarding prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Geng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rouyu Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Gu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenai Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
The flora of the Canary Islands has been subject to botanical studies for more than 200 years. Several biodiversity databases are available for the archipelago. However, there are various drivers of change in real biodiversity and the knowledge about it constantly needs to be kept track of. Island floras are both: exposed to species loss and to species introductions, either through natural processes or by anthropogenic drivers. Additionally, the evolution of endemic plant species plays a substantial role. Endemic species are sensitive to population decline due to small population sizes and possible low competitiveness against incoming species. Additionally, there is continuous progress in systematics and taxonomy. Species names or their taxonomic attribution can be modified. Here, we check published plant lists for the Canary Islands and literature, and compile currently accepted taxa into an updated checklist. For this FloCan checklist, several sources were compiled, checked for completeness and quality, and their taxonomy was updated. We illustrate how far plant names are considered in regional or global databases. This work represents the current state of knowledge on Canary Island plant diversity, including introduced and recently described taxa. We provide a comprehensive and updated basis for biogeographical and macroecological studies. Particularly, the number of non-native species is being extended substantially. The adaptation to standard international nomenclature supports integration into large-scale studies.
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11
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Albaladejo RG, Martín-Hernanz S, Reyes-Betancort JA, Santos-Guerra A, Olangua-Corral M, Aparicio A. Reconstruction of the spatio-temporal diversification and ecological niche evolution of Helianthemum (Cistaceae) in the Canary Islands using genotyping-by-sequencing data. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:597-611. [PMID: 32386290 PMCID: PMC8052925 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several biogeographical models have been proposed to explain the colonization and diversification patterns of Macaronesian lineages. In this study, we calculated the diversification rates and explored what model best explains the current distribution of the 15 species endemic to the Canary Islands belonging to Helianthemum sect. Helianthemum (Cistaceae). METHODS We performed robust phylogenetic reconstructions based on genotyping-by-sequencing data and analysed the timing, biogeographical history and ecological niche conservatism of this endemic Canarian clade. KEY RESULTS Our phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for the monophyly of this clade, and retrieved five lineages not currently restricted to a single island. The pristine colonization event took place in the Pleistocene (~1.82 Ma) via dispersal to Tenerife by a Mediterranean ancestor. CONCLUSIONS The rapid and abundant diversification (0.75-1.85 species per million years) undergone by this Canarian clade seems the result of complex inter-island dispersal events followed by allopatric speciation driven mostly by niche conservatism, i.e. inter-island dispersal towards niches featuring similar environmental conditions. Nevertheless, significant instances of ecological niche shifts have also been observed in some lineages, making an important contribution to the overall diversification history of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - J Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Olangua-Corral
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva y Micro-morfología, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’—Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Shi M, Wang Y, Duan T, Qian X, Zeng T, Zhang D. In situ glacial survival maintains high genetic diversity of Mussaenda kwangtungensis on continental islands in subtropical China. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11304-11321. [PMID: 33144966 PMCID: PMC7593160 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, island populations are predicted to have less genetic variation than their mainland relatives. However, a growing number of studies have nevertheless reported exceptions, indicating that the relationships were impacted by several factors, for example, historical processes. In the present study, we chose a group of subtropical islands located in South China as the study system, which are quite younger and much closer to the mainland than most of the previous studied island systems, to test the hypothesis that in situ glacial survival contributes to high levels of genetic diversity in island populations. We conducted a comparison of genetic variation between 12 island and 11 nearby mainland populations of Mussaenda kwangtungensis using eleven nuclear microsatellite and three chloroplast markers, evaluated effects of the island area and distance to mainland on genetic diversity of island populations, and simulated the potential distribution over the past by ecological niche modeling, together with the genetic data to detect the role of islands during the glacial periods. The island populations displayed comparable levels of genetic diversity and differentiation with mainland populations, overall high levels of unique polymorphisms, and the greatest values of specific within-population genetic diversity. No significant correlation was detected between genetic diversity of island populations and distance to mainland, as well as area of islands, except that allelic richness was significantly positively correlated with the area of islands. Nuclear microsatellites revealed two main clusters, largely corresponding to islands and inland populations, which divergence dated to a time of island formation by ABC analysis. Ecological niche modeling predicted a highly climatic suitability on islands during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Our results suggest that the islands have acted as refugia during the LGM and highlight the role of in situ glacial survival in maintaining high levels of genetic diversity of M. kwangtungensis in continental islands of subtropical China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Center of Conservation BiologyCore Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Xin Qian
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Tong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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13
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Hamabata T, Kinoshita G, Kurita K, Cao PL, Ito M, Murata J, Komaki Y, Isagi Y, Makino T. Endangered island endemic plants have vulnerable genomes. Commun Biol 2019; 2:244. [PMID: 31263788 PMCID: PMC6597543 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of genetic diversity is known to decrease the fitness of species and is a critical factor that increases extinction risk. However, there is little evidence for higher vulnerability and extinction risk in endangered species based on genomic differences between endangered and non-endangered species. This is true even in the case of functional loci, which are more likely to relate to the fitness of species than neutral loci. Here, we compared the genome-wide genetic diversity, proportion of duplicated genes (PD), and accumulation of deleterious variations of endangered island endemic (EIE) plants from four genera with those of their non-endangered (NE) widespread congeners. We focused on exhaustive sequences of expressed genes obtained by RNA sequencing. Most EIE species exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity and PD than NE species. Additionally, all endangered species accumulated deleterious variations. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic traits of EIE species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hamabata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Gohta Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuki Kurita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ping-Lin Cao
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Motomi Ito
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Jin Murata
- Koishikawa Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001 Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Komaki
- Koishikawa Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001 Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Makino
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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14
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Romeiras MM, Pena AR, Menezes T, Vasconcelos R, Monteiro F, Paulo OS, Moura M. Shortcomings of Phylogenetic Studies on Recent Radiated Insular Groups: A Meta-Analysis Using Cabo Verde Biodiversity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2782. [PMID: 31174340 PMCID: PMC6600550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the previous decades, numerous studies focused on how oceanic islands have contributed to determine the phylogenetic relationships and times of origin and diversification of different endemic lineages. The Macaronesian Islands (i.e., Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canaries, and Cabo Verde), harbour biotas with exceptionally high levels of endemism. Within the region, the vascular plants and reptiles constitute two of the most important radiations. In this study we compare relevant published phylogenetic data and diversification rates retrieved within Cabo Verde endemic lineages and discuss the importance of choosing appropriate phylogeny-based methods to investigate diversification dynamics on islands. From this selective literature-based review, we summarize the software packages used in Macaronesian studies and discuss their adequacy considering the published data to obtain well-supported phylogenies in the target groups. We further debate the importance of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), to investigate the evolutionary processes of diversification in the Macaronesian Islands. Analysis of genomic data provides phylogenetic resolution for rapidly evolving species radiations, suggesting a great potential to improve the phylogenetic signal and divergence time estimates in insular lineages. The most important Macaronesian reptile radiations provide good case-studies to compare classical phylogenetic methods with new tools, such as phylogenomics, revealing a high value for research on this hotspot area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Romeiras
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Pena
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Menezes
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Azores Group, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-855 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Monteiro
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Octávio S Paulo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Moura
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Azores Group, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-855 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
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15
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Mcglaughlin ME, Riley L, Helenurm K, Wallace LE. Does Channel Island Acmispon (Fabaceae) form cohesive evolutionary groups? WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn Riley
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069
| | - Kaius Helenurm
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069
| | - Lisa E. Wallace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
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16
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Bobo-Pinilla J, Peñas de Giles J, López-González N, Mediavilla S, Martínez-Ortega MM. Phylogeography of an endangered disjunct herb: long-distance dispersal, refugia and colonization routes. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply047. [PMID: 30254727 PMCID: PMC6150253 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary glacial cycles appear to have had a consistent role in shaping the genetic diversity and structure of plant species. Despite the unusual combination of the characteristics of the western Mediterranean-Macaronesian area, there are no studies that have specifically examined the effects of palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic factors on the genetic composition and structure of annual herbs. Astragalus edulis is a disjunct endemic found in the easternmost Canary Islands and the semi-arid areas of north-eastern Africa and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. This endangered species shows no evident adaptations to long-distance dispersal. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data and plastid DNA sequences were analysed from a total of 360 individuals distributed throughout the range of this species. The modelled potential distribution of A. edulis under current conditions was projected over the climatic conditions of the Last Interglacial (130 ka BP) and Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka BP) to analyse changes in habitat suitability and to look for associations between the modelling and genetic results. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis showed clear phylogeographic structure with four distinct genetic clusters. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) models based on plastid DNA sequences indicated a Middle Pleistocene long-distance dispersal event as the origin of the populations of the Canary Islands. The models also suggested south-western Morocco as the ancestral area for the species, as well as subsequent colonization of north-eastern Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula. The data compiled indicated the possibility of the presence of refuge areas at favourable locations around the High Atlas and Anti-Atlas mountain ranges. Moreover, palaeodistribution models strongly support the events inferred by ABC modelling and show the potential distribution of the species in the past, suggesting a putative colonization route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bobo-Pinilla
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Banco de ADN vegetal, Banco Nacional de ADN, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio Peñas de Giles
- Unidad de Conservación Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Noemí López-González
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Banco de ADN vegetal, Banco Nacional de ADN, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Mediavilla
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Montserrat Martínez-Ortega
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Banco de ADN vegetal, Banco Nacional de ADN, Salamanca, Spain
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17
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Penn HJ, Crist TO. From dispersal to predation: A global synthesis of ant-seed interactions. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9122-9138. [PMID: 30377488 PMCID: PMC6194306 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ant-seed interactions take several forms, including dispersal, predation, and parasitism, whereby ants consume seed appendages without dispersal of seeds. We hypothesized that these interaction outcomes could be predicted by ant and plant traits and habitat, with outcomes falling along a gradient of cost and benefit to the plant. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a global literature review and classified over 6,000 pairs of ant-seed interactions from 753 studies across six continents. Linear models showed that seed and ant size, habitat, and dispersal syndrome were the most consistent predictors. Predation was less likely than parasitism and seed dispersal among myrmecochorous plants. A classification tree of the predicted outcomes from linear models revealed that dispersal and predation formed distinct categories based on habitat, ant size, and dispersal mode, with parasitism outcomes forming a distinct subgroup of predation based on seed size and shape. Multiple correspondence analysis indicated some combinations of ant genera and plant families were strongly associated with particular outcomes, whereas other ant-seed combinations were much more variable. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ant and plant traits are important overall predictors of potential seed fates in different habitat types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Penn
- Department of EntomologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
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18
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López-Villalobos A, Eckert CG. Consequences of multiple mating-system shifts for population and range-wide genetic structure in a coastal dune plant. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:675-693. [PMID: 29319906 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions from outcrossing to selfing can strongly affect the genetic diversity and structure of species at multiple spatial scales. We investigated the genetic consequences of mating-system shifts in the North American, Pacific coast dune endemic plant Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia (Onagraceae) by assaying variation at 13 nuclear (n) and six chloroplast (cp) microsatellite (SSR) loci for 38 populations across the species range. As predicted from the expected reduction in effective population size (Ne ) caused by selfing, small-flowered, predominantly selfing (SF) populations had much lower nSSR diversity (but not cpSSR) than large-flowered, predominantly outcrossing (LF) populations. The reduction in nSSR diversity was greater than expected from the effects of selfing on Ne alone, but could not be accounted for by indirect effects of selfing on population density. Although selfing should reduce gene flow, SF populations were not more genetically differentiated than LF populations. We detected five clusters of nSSR genotypes and three groups of cpSSR haplotypes across the species range consisting of parapatric groups of populations that usually (but not always) differed in mating system, suggesting that selfing may often initiate ecogeographic isolation. However, lineage-wide genetic variation was not lower for selfing clusters, failing to support the hypothesis that selection for reproductive assurance spurred the evolution of selfing in this species. Within three populations where LF and SF plants coexist, we detected genetic differentiation among diverged floral phenotypes suggesting that reproductive isolation (probably postzygotic) may help maintain the striking mating-system differentiation observed across the range of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C G Eckert
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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19
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Sun Y, Vargas-Mendoza CF. Population Structure, Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary History of Kleinia neriifolia (Asteraceae) on the Canary Islands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1180. [PMID: 28713419 PMCID: PMC5492869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kleinia neriifolia Haw. is an endemic species on the Canarian archipelago, this species is widespread in the coastal thicket of all the Canarian islands. In the present study, genetic diversity and population structure of K. neriifolia were investigated using chloroplast gene sequences and nuclear SSR (simple sequence repeat). The differentiation among island populations, the historical demography, and the underlying evolutionary scenarios of this species are further tested based on the genetic data. Chloroplast diversity reveals a strong genetic divergence between eastern islands (Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, and Lanzarote) and western islands (EI Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife), this west-east genetic divergence may reflect a very beginning of speciation. The evolutionary scenario with highest posterior probabilities suggests Gran Canaria as oldest population with a westward colonization path to Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, and EI Hierro, and eastward dispersal path to Lanzarote through Fuerteventura. In the western islands, there is a slight decrease in the effective population size toward areas of recent colonization. However, in the eastern islands, the effective population size increase in Lanzarote relative to Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura. These results further our understanding of the evolution of widespread endemic plants within Canarian archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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20
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Peripatric speciation in an endemic Macaronesian plant after recent divergence from a widespread relative. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178459. [PMID: 28575081 PMCID: PMC5456078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Macaronesian Scrophularia lowei is hypothesized to have arisen from the widespread S. arguta on the basis of several phylogenetic studies of the genus, but sampling has been limited. Although these two annual species are morphologically distinct, the origin of S. lowei is unclear because genetic studies focused on this Macaronesian species are lacking. We studied 5 S. lowei and 25 S. arguta populations to determine the relationship of both species and to infer the geographical origin of S. lowei. The timing of S. lowei divergence and differentiation was inferred by dating analysis of the ITS region. A phylogenetic analysis of two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and two chloroplast (psbJ–petA and psbA–trnH) DNA regions was performed to study the relationship between the two species, and genetic differentiation was analysed by AMOVA. Haplotype network construction and Bayesian phylogeographic analysis were conducted using chloroplast DNA regions and a spatial clustering analysis was carried out on a combined dataset of all studied regions. Our results indicate that both species constitute a well-supported clade that diverged in the Miocene and differentiated in the Late Miocene-Pleistocene. Although S. lowei constitutes a well-supported clade according to nDNA, cpDNA revealed a close relationship between S. lowei and western Canarian S. arguta, a finding supported by the spatial clustering analysis. Both species have strong population structure, with most genetic variability explained by inter-population differences. Our study therefore supports a recent peripatric speciation of S. lowei—a taxon that differs morphologically and genetically at the nDNA level from its closest relative, S. arguta, but not according to cpDNA, from the closest Macaronesian populations of that species. In addition, a recent dispersal of S. arguta to Madeira from Canary Islands or Selvagens Islands and a rapid morphological differentiation after the colonization to generate S. lowei is the most likely hypothesis to explain the origin of the last taxon.
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Sha LN, Fan X, Wang XL, Dong ZZ, Zeng J, Zhang HQ, Kang HY, Wang Y, Liao JQ, Zhou YH. Genome origin, historical hybridization and genetic differentiation in Anthosachne australasica (Triticeae; Poaceae), inferred from chloroplast rbcL, trnH-psbA and nuclear Acc1 gene sequences. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:95-107. [PMID: 28040673 PMCID: PMC5218373 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Anthosachne Steudel is a group of allopolyploid species that was derived from hexaploidization between the Asian StY genome Roegneria entity and the Australasia W genome Australopyrum species. Polyploidization and apomixis contribute to taxonomic complexity in Anthosachne Here, a study is presented on the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Anthosachne australasica The aims are to demonstrate the process of polyploidization events and to explore the differentiation patterns of the St genome following geographic isolation. METHODS Chloroplast rbcL and trnH-psbA and nuclear Acc1 gene sequences of 60 Anthosachne taxa and nine Roegneria species were analysed with those of 33 diploid taxa representing 20 basic genomes in Triticeae. The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed. A time-calibrated phylogeny was generated to estimate the evolutionary history of A. australasica Nucleotide diversity patterns were used to assess the divergence within A. australasica and between Anthosachne and its putative progenitors. KEY RESULTS Three homoeologous copies of the Acc1 sequences from Anthosachne were grouped with the Acc1 sequences from Roegneria, Pseudoroegneria, Australopyrum, Dasypyrum and Peridictyon The chloroplast sequences of Anthosachne were clustered with those from Roegneria and Pseudoroegneria Divergence time for Anthosachne was dated to 4·66 million years ago (MYA). The level of nucleotide diversity in Australasian Anthosachne was higher than that in continental Roegneria A low level of genetic differentiation within the A. australasica complex was found. CONCLUSIONS Anthosachne originated from historical hybridization between Australopyrum species and a Roegneria entity colonized from Asia to Australasia via South-east Asia during the late Miocene. The St lineage served as the maternal donor during the speciation of Anthosachne A contrasting pattern of population genetic structure exists in the A. australasica complex. Greater diversity in island Anthosachne compared with continental Roegneria might be associated with mutation, polyploidization, apomixis and expansion. It is reasonable to consider that A. australasica var. scabra and A. australasica var. plurinervisa should be included in the A. australasica complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Dong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai-Qin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hou-Yang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
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Totta C, Rosato M, Ferrer-Gallego P, Lucchese F, Rosselló JA. Temporal frames of 45S rDNA site-number variation in diploid plant lineages: lessons from the rock rose genusCistus(Cistaceae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Totta
- Università degli Studi Roma Tre; Viale G. Marconi 446 00146 Rome Italy
| | - Marcela Rosato
- Jardín Botánico-ICBiBE-Unidad Asociada CSIC; Universidad de Valencia; c/Quart 80 E46008 Valencia Spain
| | - Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
- CIEF, Servicio de Vida Silvestre; Generalitat Valenciana; Avda. Comarques del País Valencià 114 E46930 Valencia Spain
| | - Fernando Lucchese
- Università degli Studi Roma Tre; Viale G. Marconi 446 00146 Rome Italy
| | - Josep A. Rosselló
- Jardín Botánico-ICBiBE-Unidad Asociada CSIC; Universidad de Valencia; c/Quart 80 E46008 Valencia Spain
- Carl Faust Fdn.; PO Box 112 E17300 Blanes Spain
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The Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina) is a species complex that includes the Cocos Flycatcher (Nesotriccus ridgwayi), an island form that underwent a population bottleneck. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 101:294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Valtueña FJ, López J, Álvarez J, Rodríguez-Riaño T, Ortega-Olivencia A. Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern? Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4258-73. [PMID: 27386073 PMCID: PMC4930978 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have addressed evolution and phylogeography of plant taxa in oceanic islands, but have primarily focused on endemics because of the assumption that in widespread taxa the absence of morphological differentiation between island and mainland populations is due to recent colonization. In this paper, we studied the phylogeography of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual species, in an attempt to determine the number and spatiotemporal origins of dispersal events to Canary Islands. Four different regions, ITS and ETS from nDNA and psbA-trnH and psbJ-petA from cpDNA, were used to date divergence events within S. arguta lineages and determine the phylogenetic relationships among populations. A haplotype network was obtained to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. Our results support an ancient origin of S. arguta (Miocene) with expansion and genetic differentiation in the Pliocene coinciding with the aridification of northern Africa and the formation of the Mediterranean climate. Indeed, results indicate for Canary Islands three different events of colonization, including two ancient events that probably happened in the Pliocene and have originated the genetically most divergent populations into this species and, interestingly, a recent third event of colonization of Gran Canaria from mainland instead from the closest islands (Tenerife or Fuerteventura). In spite of the great genetic divergence among populations, it has not implied any morphological variation. Our work highlights the importance of nonendemic species to the genetic richness and conservation of island flora and the significance of the island populations of widespread taxa in the global biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josefa López
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Juan Álvarez
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Tomás Rodríguez-Riaño
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Ana Ortega-Olivencia
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
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Mairal M, Sanmartín I, Aldasoro JJ, Culshaw V, Manolopoulou I, Alarcón M. Palaeo-islands as refugia and sources of genetic diversity within volcanic archipelagos: the case of the widespread endemicCanarina canariensis(Campanulaceae). Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3944-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mairal
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - I. Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - J. J. Aldasoro
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB); 08038 Barcelona Spain
| | - V. Culshaw
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. Alarcón
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB); 08038 Barcelona Spain
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Vargas P, Rumeu B, Heleno RH, Traveset A, Nogales M. Historical isolation of the Galápagos carpenter bee (Xylocopa darwini) despite strong flight capability and ecological amplitude. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120597. [PMID: 25807496 PMCID: PMC4373804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization across the Galápagos Islands by the carpenter bee (Xylocopa darwini) was reconstructed based on distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes (cytochrome oxidase II (COII) sequences) and haplotype lineages. A total of 12 haplotypes were found in 118 individuals of X. darwini. Distributional, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses suggest early colonization of most islands followed by historical isolation in two main groups: eastern and central-western islands. Evidence of recurrent inter-island colonization of haplotypes is largely lacking, despite strong flight capability and ecological amplitude of the species. Recent palaeogeographic data suggest that several of the current islands were connected in the past and thus the isolation pattern may have been even more pronounced. A contrast analysis was also carried out on 10 animal groups of the Galápagos Islands, and on haplotype colonization of seven animal and plant species from several oceanic archipelagos (the Galápagos, Azores, Canary Islands). New colonization metrics on the number of potential vs. inferred colonization events revealed that the Galápagos carpenter bee shows one of the most significant examples of geographic isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC-RJB), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Beatriz Rumeu
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC-RJB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben H. Heleno
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anna Traveset
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC–Global), Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC–UIB), Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia (CSIC-IPNA), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Patiño J, Carine M, Mardulyn P, Devos N, Mateo RG, González-Mancebo JM, Shaw AJ, Vanderpoorten A. Approximate Bayesian Computation Reveals the Crucial Role of Oceanic Islands for the Assembly of Continental Biodiversity. Syst Biol 2015; 64:579-89. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Papaefthimiou D, Papanikolaou A, Falara V, Givanoudi S, Kostas S, Kanellis AK. Genus Cistus: a model for exploring labdane-type diterpenes' biosynthesis and a natural source of high value products with biological, aromatic, and pharmacological properties. Front Chem 2014; 2:35. [PMID: 24967222 PMCID: PMC4052220 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Cistaceae (Angiosperm, Malvales) consists of 8 genera and 180 species, with 5 genera native to the Mediterranean area (Cistus, Fumara, Halimium, Helianthemum, and Tuberaria). Traditionally, a number of Cistus species have been used in Mediterranean folk medicine as herbal tea infusions for healing digestive problems and colds, as extracts for the treatment of diseases, and as fragrances. The resin, ladano, secreted by the glandular trichomes of certain Cistus species contains a number of phytochemicals with antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, total leaf aqueous extracts possess anti-influenza virus activity. All these properties have been attributed to phytochemicals such as terpenoids, including diterpenes, labdane-type diterpenes and clerodanes, phenylpropanoids, including flavonoids and ellagitannins, several groups of alkaloids and other types of secondary metabolites. In the past 20 years, research on Cistus involved chemical, biological and phylogenetic analyses but recent investigations have involved genomic and molecular approaches. Our lab is exploring the biosynthetic machinery that generates terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, with a goal to harness their numerous properties that have applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical and aromatic industries. This review focuses on the systematics, botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, chemical analyses, biological function and biosynthesis of major compounds, as well as genomic analyses and biotechnological approaches of the main Cistus species found in the Mediterranean basin, namely C. albidus, C. creticus, C. crispus, C. parviflorus, C. monspeliensis, C. populifolius, C. salviifolius, C. ladanifer, C. laurifolius, and C. clusii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papaefthimiou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Papanikolaou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Falara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of DelawareNewark, DE, USA
| | - Stella Givanoudi
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Floriculture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
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Vitales D, Garnatje T, Pellicer J, Vallès J, Santos-Guerra A, Sanmartín I. The explosive radiation of Cheirolophus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Macaronesia. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:118. [PMID: 24888240 PMCID: PMC4048045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considered a biodiversity hotspot, the Canary Islands have been the key subjects of numerous evolutionary studies concerning a large variety of organisms. The genus Cheirolophus (Asteraceae) represents one of the largest plant radiations in the Canarian archipelago. In contrast, only a few species occur in the Mediterranean region, the putative ancestral area of the genus. Here, our main aim was to reconstruct the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of Cheirolophus with special focus on explaining the origin of the large Canarian radiation. Results We found significant incongruence in phylogenetic relationships between nuclear and plastid markers. Each dataset provided resolution at different levels in Cheirolophus: the nuclear markers resolved the backbone of the phylogeny while the plastid data provided better resolution within the Canarian clade. The origin of Cheirolophus was dated in the Mid-Late Miocene, followed by rapid diversification into the three main Mediterranean lineages and the Macaronesian clade. A decrease in diversification rates was inferred at the end of the Miocene, with a new increase in the Late Pliocene concurrent with the onset of the Mediterranean climate. Diversification within the Macaronesian clade started in the Early-Mid Pleistocene, with unusually high speciation rates giving rise to the extant insular diversity. Conclusions Climate-driven diversification likely explains the early evolutionary history of Cheirolophus in the Mediterranean region. It appears that the exceptionally high diversification rate in the Canarian clade was mainly driven by allopatric speciation (including intra- and interisland diversification). Several intrinsic (e.g. breeding system, polyploid origin, seed dispersal syndrome) and extrinsic (e.g. fragmented landscape, isolated habitats, climatic and geological changes) factors probably contributed to the progressive differentiation of populations resulting in numerous microendemisms. Finally, hybridization events and emerging ecological adaptation may have also reinforced the diversification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitales
- Laboratori de Botànica - Unitat associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Phylogenetic and phylogeographic evidence for a Pleistocene disjunction between Campanula jacobaea (Cape Verde Islands) and C. balfourii (Socotra). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:828-36. [PMID: 23835079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of processes that led to biogeographic disjunct patterns of plant lineages in Macaronesia, North Africa and Socotra remains poor. Here, we study a group of Campanula species distributed across these areas integrating morphological and reproductive traits with phylogenetic and phylogeographic data based on the obtention of sequences for 4 highly variable cpDNA regions and AFLP data. The phylogeny obtained shows a sister relationship between Campanula jacobaea (endemic to Cape Verde Islands) and C. balfourii (endemic to Socotra), thus revealing a striking disjunct pattern (8300 km). These species diverged around 1.0 Mya; AFLP and haplotype data suggest that no genetic interchange has occurred since then. Their closest taxon, C. hypocrateriformis, is endemic to SW Morocco. The archipelagos of Macaronesia and Socotra have probably acted as refugia for North-African species, leading to speciation through isolation. Although C. balfourii has a restricted distribution, its genetic variability suggests that its populations have suffered no bottlenecks. C. jacobaea is also genetically rich and its distribution across Cape Verde Islands seems to have been influenced by the NE-SW trade winds, which may also have favoured the admixture found among the populations of the three southern islands. Floral features of the morphologically hypervariable C. jacobaea were also measured to assess whether the taxon C. bravensis, described for some of the southeast populations of C. jacobaea, corresponds to a different evolutionary entity. We show that morphological variation in C. jacobaea does not correspond to any genetic or geographic group.
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de Paz JP, Caujapé-Castells J. A review of the allozyme data set for the Canarian endemic flora: causes of the high genetic diversity levels and implications for conservation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1059-73. [PMID: 23609020 PMCID: PMC3662517 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Allozyme and reproductive data sets for the Canarian flora are updated in order to assess how the present levels and structuring of genetic variation have been influenced by the abiotic island traits and by phylogenetically determined biotic traits of the corresponding taxa; and in order to suggest conservation guidelines. Methods Kruskal-Wallis tests are conducted to assess the relationships of 27 variables with genetic diversity (estimated by A, P, Ho and He) and structuring (GST) of 123 taxa representing 309 populations and 16 families. Multiple linear regression analyses (MLRAs) are carried out to determine the relative influence of the less correlated significant abiotic and biotic factors on the genetic diversity levels. Key Results and Conclusions The interactions between biotic features of the colonizing taxa and the abiotic island features drive plant diversification in the Canarian flora. However, the lower weight of closeness to the mainland than of (respectively) high basic chromosome number, partial or total self-incompatibility and polyploidy in the MLRAs indicates substantial phylogenetic constraint; the importance of a high chromosome number is feasibly due to the generation of a larger number of linkage groups, which increase gametic and genotypic diversity. Genetic structure is also more influenced by biotic factors (long-range seed dispersal, basic chromosome number and partial or total self-incompatibility) than by distance to the mainland. Conservation-wise, genetic structure estimates (FST/GST) only reflect endangerment under intensive population sampling designs, and neutral genetic variation levels do not directly relate to threat status or to small population sizes. Habitat protection is emphasized, but the results suggest the need for urgent implementation of elementary reproductive studies in all cases, and for ex situ conservation measures for the most endangered taxa, even without prior studies. In non-endangered endemics, multidisciplinary research is needed before suggesting case-specific conservation strategies. The molecular information relevant for conservation should be conserved in a standardized format to facilitate further insight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria. Camino al Palmeral 15, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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García-Verdugo C, Calleja JA, Vargas P, Silva L, Moreira O, Pulido F. Polyploidy and microsatellite variation in the relict tree Prunus lusitanica L.: how effective are refugia in preserving genotypic diversity of clonal taxa? Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1546-57. [PMID: 23379976 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Refugia are expected to preserve genetic variation of relict taxa, especially in polyploids, because high gene dosages could prevent genetic erosion in small isolated populations. However, other attributes linked to polyploidy, such as asexual reproduction, may strongly limit the levels of genetic variability in relict populations. Here, ploidy levels and patterns of genetic variation at nuclear microsatellite loci were analysed in Prunus lusitanica, a polyploid species with clonal reproduction that is considered a paradigmatic example of a Tertiary relict. Sampling in this study considered a total of 20 populations of three subspecies: mainland lusitanica (Iberian Peninsula and Morocco), and island azorica (Azores) and hixa (Canary Islands and Madeira). Flow cytometry results supported an octoploid genome for lusitanica and hixa, whereas a 16-ploid level was inferred for azorica. Fixed heterozygosity of a few allele variants at most microsatellite loci resulted in levels of allelic diversity much lower than those expected for a high-order polyploid. Islands as a whole did not contain higher levels of genetic variation (allelic or genotypic) than mainland refuges, but island populations displayed more private alleles and higher genotypic diversity in old volcanic areas. Patterns of microsatellite variation were compatible with the occurrence of clonal individuals in all but two island populations, and the incidence of clonality within populations negatively correlated with the estimated timing of colonization. Our results also suggest that gene flow has been very rare among populations, and thus population growth following founder events was apparently mediated by clonality rather than seed recruitment, especially in mainland areas. This study extends to clonal taxa the idea of oceanic islands as important refugia for biodiversity, since the conditions for generation and maintenance of clonal diversity (i.e. occasional events of sexual reproduction, mutation and/or seed immigration) appear to have been more frequent in these enclaves than in mainland areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Verdugo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465, USA
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Garnatje T, Pérez-Collazos E, Pellicer J, Catalán P. Balearic insular isolation and large continental spread framed the phylogeography of the western Mediterranean Cheirolophus intybaceus s.l. (Asteraceae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:166-75. [PMID: 22759527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent Quaternary geological and climate events have shaped the evolutionary histories of plant species in the Mediterranean basin, one of the most important hotspots of biodiversity. Genetic analyses of the western Mediterranean Cheirolophus intybaceus s.l. (Asteraceae) based on AFLP were conducted to establish the relationships between its close species and populations, to reconstruct the phylogeography of the group and to analyse potential unidirectional versus bidirectional dispersals between the Ibero-Provençal belt and the Balearic Islands. AFLP data revealed two main genetic groups, one constituted by the Balearic populations and Garraf (NE Iberia) and the other formed by the remaining mainland populations that were further sub-structured into two geographically separated subgroups (SE + E Iberia and NE Iberia + SW France). Genetic diversity and spatial structure analyses suggested a mid-Pleistocene scenario for the origin of C. intybaceus in southern Iberia, followed by dispersal to the north and a single colonisation event of the Balearic archipelago from the near Dianic NE Iberian area. This hypothesis was supported by paleogeographic data, which showed the existence of terrestrial connections between the continent and the islands during the Middle-Late Pleistocene marine regressions, whereas the more recent single back-colonisation of the mainland from Mallorca might be explained by several hypotheses, such as long-distance dispersal mediated by migratory marine birds or sea currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Marske KA, Leschen RAB, Buckley TR. CONCERTED VERSUS INDEPENDENT EVOLUTION AND THE SEARCH FOR MULTIPLE REFUGIA: COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FOUR FOREST BEETLES. Evolution 2012; 66:1862-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hutsemékers V, Szövényi P, Shaw AJ, González-Mancebo JM, Muñoz J, Vanderpoorten A. Oceanic islands are not sinks of biodiversity in spore-producing plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:18989-94. [PMID: 22084108 PMCID: PMC3223459 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109119108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Islands have traditionally been considered as migratory and evolutionary dead ends for two main reasons: island colonizers are typically assumed to lose their dispersal power, and continental back colonization has been regarded as unlikely because of niche preemption. The hypothesis that islands might actually represent dynamic refugia and migratory stepping stones for species that are effective dispersers, and in particular, for spore-producing plants, is formally tested here, using the archipelagos of the Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira, as a model. Population genetic analyses based on nuclear microsatellite variation indicate that dispersal ability of the moss Platyhypnidium riparioides does not decrease in the island setting. The analyses further show that, unlike island populations, mainland (southwestern Europe and North Africa) populations underwent a severe bottleneck during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Our results thus refute the traditional view of islands as the end of the colonization road and point to a different perception of North Atlantic archipelagos as major sources of biodiversity for the postglacial recolonization of Europe by spore-producing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Hutsemékers
- Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, B22 Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège1, Belgium.
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