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Kageyama A, Suyama A, Kinoshita R, Ito J, Kashiwazaki N. Dynamic changes of intracellular zinc ion level during maturation, fertilization, activation, and development in mouse oocytes. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13759. [PMID: 35880318 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that calcium oscillations are required for fertilization in all mammalian species studied to date, recent studies also showed the ejection of zinc into the extracellular milieu in a series of coordinated events, called "zinc spark," during mammalian fertilization. These results led us to the hypothesis that a zinc ion-dependent signal is important for oocyte maturation, fertilization (activation), and further embryonic development. In this study, we evaluated the amounts and localization of intracellular zinc ions during maturation, fertilization, activation, and embryonic development in mouse oocytes. Our results show that abundant zinc ions are present in both immature and mature oocytes. After in vitro fertilization, the amounts of zinc ions were dramatically decreased at the pronuclear (PN) stage. Artificial activation by cycloheximide, SrCl2 , and TPEN also reduced the amounts of zinc ions in the PN stage. On the other hand, PN embryos derived from sperm injection still showed high level of zinc ions. However, the amounts of zinc ions rapidly increased at the blastocysts regardless of activation method. We showed here that the amounts of zinc ions dramatically changed during maturation, fertilization, activation, and development in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kageyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ayumi Suyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ruka Kinoshita
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Naomi Kashiwazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Lee H, Koh JY. Roles for H + /K + -ATPase and zinc transporter 3 in cAMP-mediated lysosomal acidification in bafilomycin A1-treated astrocytes. Glia 2020; 69:1110-1125. [PMID: 33314298 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase) is the main proton pump that acidifies vesicles such as lysosomes. Disruption in the lysosomal localization of v-ATPase leads to lysosomal dysfunction, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies showed that increases in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels acidify lysosomes and consequently enhance autophagy flux. Although the upregulation of v-ATPase function may be the key mechanism underlying the cAMP-mediated lysosomal acidification, it is unknown whether a mechanism independent of v-ATPase may be contributing to this phenomenon. In the present study, we modeled v-ATPase dysfunction in brain cells by blocking lysosomal acidification in cortical astrocytes through treatment with bafilomycin A1, a selective v-ATPase inhibitor. We observed that cAMP reversed the pH changes via the activation of protein kinase A; interestingly, cAMP also increased autophagy flux even in the presence of bafilomycin A1, suggesting the presence of an alternative route of proton entry. Notably, pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs of H+ /K+ -ATPase markedly shifted the lysosomal pH toward more alkaline values in bafilomycin A1/cAMP-treated astrocytes, suggesting that H+ /K+ -ATPase may be the alternative route of proton entry for lysosomal acidification. Furthermore, the cAMP-mediated reversal of lysosomal pH was nullified in the absence of ZnT3 that interacts with H+ /K+ -ATPase. Our results suggest that the H+ /K+ -ATPase/ZnT3 complex is recruited to lysosomes in a cAMP-dependent manner and functions as an alternative proton pump for lysosomes when the v-ATPase function is downregulated, thus providing insight into the potential development of a new class of lysosome-targeted therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikyong Lee
- Neural Injury Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Rivera OC, Hennigar SR, Kelleher SL. ZnT2 is critical for lysosome acidification and biogenesis during mammary gland involution. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R323-R335. [PMID: 29718697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00444.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland involution, a tightly regulated process of tissue remodeling by which a lactating mammary gland reverts to the prepregnant state, is characterized by the most profound example of regulated epithelial cell death in normal tissue. Defects in the execution of involution are associated with lactation failure and breast cancer. Initiation of mammary gland involution requires upregulation of lysosome biogenesis and acidification to activate lysosome-mediated cell death; however, specific mediators of this initial phase of involution are not well described. Zinc transporter 2 [ZnT2 ( SLC30A2)] has been implicated in lysosome biogenesis and lysosome-mediated cell death during involution; however, the direct role of ZnT2 in this process has not been elucidated. Here we showed that ZnT2-null mice had impaired alveolar regression and reduced activation of the involution marker phosphorylated Stat3, indicating insufficient initiation of mammary gland remodeling during involution. Moreover, we found that the loss of ZnT2 inhibited assembly of the proton transporter vacuolar ATPase on lysosomes, thereby decreasing lysosome abundance and size. Studies in cultured mammary epithelial cells revealed that while the involution signal TNFα promoted lysosome biogenesis and acidification, attenuation of ZnT2 impaired the lysosome response to this involution signal, which was not a consequence of cytoplasmic Zn accumulation. Our findings establish ZnT2 as a novel regulator of vacuolar ATPase assembly, driving lysosome biogenesis, acidification, and tissue remodeling during the initiation of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Rivera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
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Sunuwar L, Medini M, Cohen L, Sekler I, Hershfinkel M. The zinc sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39, triggers metabotropic calcium signalling in colonocytes and regulates occludin recovery in experimental colitis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0420. [PMID: 27377730 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired epithelial barrier function is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as colitis, contributing to diarrhoea and perpetuating inflammation. We show that the zinc sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39, triggers intracellular Ca(2+) signalling in colonocytes thereby inducing occludin expression. Moreover, ZnR/GPR39 is essential for epithelial barrier recovery in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) ulcerative colitis model. Loss of ZnR/GPR39 results in increased susceptibility to DSS-induced inflammation, owing to low expression of the tight junction protein occludin and impaired epithelial barrier. Recovery of wild-type (WT) mice from the DSS insult was faster than that of ZnR/GPR39 knockout (KO) mice. Enhanced recovery of the epithelial layer and increased crypt regeneration were observed in WT mice compared with ZnR/GPR39 KO, suggesting that ZnR/GPR39 is promoting epithelial barrier integrity following DSS insult. Indeed, cell proliferation and apical expression of occludin, following the DSS-induced epithelial erosion, were increased in WT tissue but not in ZnR/GPR39 KO tissue. Importantly, survival following DSS treatment was higher in WT mice compared with ZnR/GPR39 KO mice. Our results support a direct role for ZnR/GPR39 in promoting epithelial renewal and barrier function following DSS treatment, thereby affecting the severity of the disease. We suggest ZnR/GPR39 as a novel therapeutic target that can improve epithelial barrier function in colitis.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Sunuwar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Michal Medini
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Limor Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Alies B, Wiener JD, Franz KJ. A prochelator peptide designed to use heterometallic cooperativity to enhance metal ion affinity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3606-3610. [PMID: 29511523 PMCID: PMC5659173 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00602c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A peptide has been designed so that its chelating affinity for one type of metal ion regulates its affinity for a second, different type of metal ion. The prochelator peptide (PCP), which is a fusion of motifs evocative of calcium loops and zinc fingers, forms a 1 : 2 Zn : peptide complex at pH 7.4 that increases its affinity for Zn2+ ∼3-fold in the presence of Tb3+ (log β2 from 13.8 to 14.3), while the 1 : 1 luminescent complex with Tb3+ is brighter, longer lived, and 20-fold tighter in the presence of Zn2+ (log K from 6.2 to 7.5). This unique example of cooperative, heterometallic allostery in a biologically compatible construct suggests the possibility of designing conditionally active metal-binding agents that could respond to dynamic changes in cellular metal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alies
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
| | - Jacob D Wiener
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
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Abstract
Ananda S Prasad first suspected zinc deficiency in 1958 after he, at the request of James A Halsted, evaluated a patient with severe iron deficiency. In addition to iron deficiency, the patient appeared ∼10 y old and was severely stunted and prepubertal, though his chronological and bone age were much older. He also had hepatosplenomegaly and ate clay. The condition was not rare in that 11 cases were reported. In 1961 Prasad joined the Vanderbilt Nutrition Group led by William J. Darby at the US Naval Medical Research Unit-3, Cairo, Egypt. Prasad et al. studied 40 males similar to the index case. Contrasts with the index case included no clay eating and infection with schistosomiasis and hookworm. Zinc kinetics confirmed the zinc deficiency. Endocrine studies showed hypopituitarism. Treatment with zinc and an omnivorous diet was more efficacious for growth than no treatment, diet alone, or iron and diet. Later, Halsted et al. confirmed these findings in stunted Iranian farmers. The key role of diet in the illness became evident when Prasad found 16 severely stunted farmers from 2 oases who were not infected with schistosomiasis or hookworm. Later, Reinhold et al., in Halsted's group, reported that phytate and other indigestible zinc-binding ligands in unleavened bread prepared from high-extraction wheat flour suppress zinc absorption.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the regulation of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion, both basic science and clinical. RECENT FINDINGS Gastric acid secretion facilitates the digestion of protein as well as the absorption of iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and certain medications as well as prevents bacterial overgrowth, enteric infection, and possibly community-acquired pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and IgE-mediated food allergy. It is regulated by neural (e.g., pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide), hormonal (e.g., gastrin, ghrelin, and apelin), and paracrine (e.g., histamine) pathways as well as by chemical (e.g., amino acids) and bacterial stimuli (e.g., Helicobacter pylori). Novel peptides, which may possess physiologic function, have been identified in gastric mucosal neuroendocrine cells including parathyroid hormone-like hormone in histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells and hepcidin in acid-secreting parietal cells. The secretion of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells involves translocation of the proton pump, HK-ATPase, to the apical membrane along with activation of apical chloride and potassium channels. Serum markers include chromogranin A for neuroendocrine tumors, pepsinogen I for gastric atrophy, and pepsinogen II for H. pylori infection. SUMMARY We continue to make progress in our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease.
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Cohen L, Asraf H, Sekler I, Hershfinkel M. Extracellular pH regulates zinc signaling via an Asp residue of the zinc-sensing receptor (ZnR/GPR39). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:33339-50. [PMID: 22879599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.372441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc activates a specific Zn(2+)-sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39, and thereby triggers cellular signaling leading to epithelial cell proliferation and survival. Epithelial cells that express ZnR, particularly colonocytes, face frequent changes in extracellular pH that are of physiological and pathological implication. Here we show that the ZnR/GPR39-dependent Ca(2+) responses in HT29 colonocytes were maximal at pH 7.4 but were reduced by about 50% at pH 7.7 and by about 62% at pH 7.1 and were completely abolished at pH 6.5. Intracellular acidification did not attenuate ZnR/GPR39 activity, indicating that the pH sensor of this protein is located on an extracellular domain. ZnR/GPR39-dependent activation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 or AKT pathways was abolished at acidic extracellular pH of 6.5. A similar inhibitory effect was monitored for the ZnR/GPR39-dependent up-regulation of Na(+)/H(+) exchange activity at pH 6.5. Focusing on residues putatively facing the extracellular domain, we sought to identify the pH sensor of ZnR/GPR39. Replacing the histidine residues forming the Zn(2+) binding site, His(17) or His(19), or other extracellular-facing histidines to alanine residues did not abolish the pH dependence of ZnR/GPR39. In contrast, replacing Asp(313) with alanine resulted in similar Ca(2+) responses triggered by ZnR/GPR39 at pH 7.4 or 6.5. This mutant also showed similar activation of ERK1/2 and AKT pathways, and ZnR-dependent up-regulation of Na(+)/H(+) exchange at pH 7.4 and pH 6.5. Substitution of Asp(313) to His or Glu residues restored pH sensitivity of the receptor. This indicates that Asp(313), which was shown to modulate Zn(2+) binding, is an essential residue of the pH sensor of GPR39. In conclusion, ZnR/GPR39 is tuned to sense physiologically relevant changes in extracellular pH that thus regulate ZnR-dependent signaling and ion transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Cohen
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Neurochemical characterization of zinc transporter 3-like immunoreactive (ZnT3(+)) neurons in the intramural ganglia of the porcine duodenum. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:766-76. [PMID: 22791190 PMCID: PMC3447136 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The SLC30 family of divalent cation transporters is thought to be involved in the transport of zinc in a variety of cellular pathways. Zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) is involved in the transport of zinc into synaptic vesicles or intracellular organelles. As the presence of ZnT3 immunoreactive neurons has recently been reported in both the central and peripheral nervous systems of the rat, the present study was aimed at disclosing the presence of a zinc-enriched neuron enteric population in the porcine duodenum to establish a preliminary insight into their neurochemical coding. Double- and triple-immunofluorescence labeling of the porcine duodenum for ZnT3 with the pan-neuronal marker (PGP 9.5), substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), leu-enkephalin, vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuropeptide Y, galanin (GAL), and calcitonin gene-related peptide were performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 35, 43, and 48 % of all PGP9.5-postive neurons in the myenteric (MP), outer submucous (OSP), and inner submucous (ISP) plexuses, respectively, of the porcine duodenum were simultaneously ZnT3+. In the present study, ZnT3+ neurons coexpressed a broad spectrum of active substances, but co-localization patterns unique to the plexus were studied. In the ISP, all ZnT3+ neurons were VAChT positive, and the largest populations among these cells formed ZnT3+/VAChT+/GAL+ and ZnT3+/VAChT+/VIP+ cells. In the OSP and MP, the numbers of ZnT3+/VAChT+ neurons were two times smaller, and substantial subpopulations of ZnT3+ neurons in both these plexuses formed ZnT3+/NOS+ cells. The large population of ZnT3+ neurons in the porcine duodenum and a broad spectrum of active substances which co-localize with this peptide suggest that ZnT3 takes part in the regulation of various processes in the gut both in normal physiology and during pathological processes.
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Zinc sensing receptor signaling, mediated by GPR39, reduces butyrate-induced cell death in HT29 colonocytes via upregulation of clusterin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35482. [PMID: 22545109 PMCID: PMC3335870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc enhances epithelial proliferation, protects the digestive epithelial layer and has profound antiulcerative and antidiarrheal roles in the colon. Despite the clinical significance of this ion, the mechanisms linking zinc to these cellular processes are poorly understood. We have previously identified an extracellular Zn2+ sensing G-protein coupled receptor (ZnR) that activates Ca2+ signaling in colonocytes, but its molecular identity as well as its effects on colonocytes' survival remained elusive. Here, we show that Zn2+, by activation of the ZnR, protects HT29 colonocytes from butyrate induced cell death. Silencing of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR39 expression abolished ZnR-dependent Ca2+ release and Zn2+-dependent survival of butyrate-treated colonocytes. Importantly, GPR39 also mediated ZnR-dependent upregulation of Na+/H+ exchange activity as this activity was found in native colon tissue but not in tissue obtained from GPR39 knock-out mice. Although ZnR-dependent upregulation of Na+/H+ exchange reduced the cellular acid load induced by butyrate, it did not rescue HT29 cells from butyrate induced cell death. ZnR/GPR39 activation however, increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein clusterin in butyrate-treated cells. Furthermore, silencing of clusterin abolished the Zn2+-dependent survival of HT29 cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate that extracellular Zn2+, acting through ZnR, regulates intracellular pH and clusterin expression thereby enhancing survival of HT29 colonocytes. Moreover, we identify GPR39 as the molecular moiety of ZnR in HT29 and native colonocytes.
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