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Deng G, Zhang Y, Song J, Ma X, Luo Y, Fei X, Jiang J, Ru Y, Tai Z, Zhu Q, Ma X, Kuai L, Li B, Zhang Y, Luo Y. Liquiritin exerts psoriasis therapy and prevention by regulating the YY1/RBP3 axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155951. [PMID: 39182383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis (PSO) poses a global health threat. The current research challenge in PSO is relapse. Liquiritin (LIQ), a major active compound from Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin, has multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying LIQ's therapeutic actions in PSO and prevention abilities remain elusive. PURPOSE The present study aimed to delve into the potential to treat and prevent PSO and the mechanism of LIQ. METHODS The anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of LIQ were studied in vitro with the HaCaT cell line. Then, Transcriptional analysis and bioinformatic analysis were used to determine the internal associations of the target set. Subsequently, functional experiment, luciferase report assay, ChIP-PCR, and immunohistochemical validation of clinical samples were performed to investigate the mechanism of LIQ. Finally, the anti-psoriatic effects and prevention abilities of LIQ were verified in vivo with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced PSO-like mouse models. RESULTS Here, we identified differentially expressed genes in LIQ-stimulated HaCaT cells and Retinol-Binding Protein 3 (RBP3) as the core target, whereas YY1 was a predicted upstream transcription factor of RBP3. The YY1/RBP3 axis was obviously altered after administering LIQ at optimal doses of 20 μM in vitro and 100 µg/ml in vivo. LIQ can significantly inhibit the progression of PSO in vivo. Notably, LIQ also prevented the relapse of psoriatic lesions induced by the second round of low-dose IMQ. Mechanistically, we observed that LIQ could increase the promotion of YY1 for RBP3 by enhancing the binding affinity between them. CONCLUSION These findings revealed that the YY1/RBP3 axis is a potential psoriatic target, and LIQ is a promising and innovative therapeutic candidate for the treatment and prevention of PSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshu Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jiankun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xiaoya Fei
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jingsi Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Hapeman JD, Galwa R, Carneiro CS, Nedelcu AM. In vitro evidence for the potential of EGFR inhibitors to decrease the TGF-β1-induced dispersal of circulating tumour cell clusters mediated by EGFR overexpression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19980. [PMID: 39198539 PMCID: PMC11358385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths are due to the spread of tumour cells throughout the body-a process known as metastasis. While in the vasculature, these cells are referred to as circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and can be found as either single cells or clusters of cells (often including platelets), with the latter having the highest metastatic potential. However, the biology of CTC clusters is poorly understood, and there are no therapies that specifically target them. We previously developed an in vitro model system for CTC clusters and proposed a new extravasation model that involves cluster dissociation, adherence, and single-cell invasion in response to TGF-β1 released by platelets. Here, we investigated TGF-β1-induced gene expression changes in this model, focusing on genes for which targeted drugs are available. In addition to the upregulation of the TGF-β1 signalling pathway, we found that (i) genes in the EGF/EGFR pathway, including those coding for EGFR and several EGFR ligands, were also induced, and (ii) Erlotinib and Osimertinib, two therapeutic EGFR/tyrosine kinase inhibitors, decreased the TGF-β1-induced adherence and invasion of the CTC cluster-like line despite the line expressing wild-type EGFR. Overall, we suggest that EGFR inhibitors have the potential to decrease the dispersal of CTC clusters that respond to TGF-β1 and overexpress EGFR (irrespective of its status) and thus could improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorian D Hapeman
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Rakshit Galwa
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Caroline S Carneiro
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Aurora M Nedelcu
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Blank V, Karlas T, Anderegg U, Wiegand J, Arnold J, Bundalian L, Le Duc GD, Körner C, Ebert T, Saalbach A. Thy-1 restricts steatosis and liver fibrosis in steatotic liver disease. Liver Int 2024; 44:2075-2090. [PMID: 38702958 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is generally considered to represent a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and includes a disease spectrum comprising isolated steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. A better understanding of the detailed underlying pathogenic mechanisms of this transition is crucial for the design of new and efficient therapeutic interventions. Thymocyte differentiation antigen (Thy-1, also known as CD90) expression on fibroblasts controls central functions relevant to fibrogenesis, including proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine responsiveness, and myofibroblast differentiation. METHODS The impact of Thy-1 on the development of SLD and progression to fibrosis was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced SLD wild-type and Thy-1-deficient mice. In addition, the serum soluble Thy-1 (sThy-1) concentration was analysed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD stratified according to steatosis, inflammation, or liver fibrosis using noninvasive markers. RESULTS We demonstrated that Thy-1 attenuates the development of fatty liver and the expression of profibrogenic genes in the livers of HFD-induced SLD mice. Mechanistically, Thy-1 directly inhibits the profibrotic activation of nonparenchymal liver cells. In addition, Thy-1 prevents palmitic acid-mediated amplification of the inflammatory response of myeloid cells, which might indirectly contribute to the pronounced development of liver fibrosis in Thy-1-deficient mice. Serum analysis of patients with metabolically associated steatotic liver disease syndrome revealed that sThy-1 expression is correlated with liver fibrosis status, as assessed by liver stiffness, the Fib4 score, and the NAFLD fibrosis score. CONCLUSION Our data strongly suggest that Thy-1 may function as a fibrosis-protective factor in mouse and human SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Blank
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound, Department of Internal Medicine I - Gastroenterology and Pneumology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Wiegand
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josi Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linnaeus Bundalian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriela-Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Körner
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Matveeva D, Kashirina D, Ezdakova M, Larina I, Buravkova L, Ratushnyy A. Senescence-Associated Alterations in Matrisome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5332. [PMID: 38791371 PMCID: PMC11120844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of aging is intimately linked to alterations at the tissue and cellular levels. Currently, the role of senescent cells in the tissue microenvironment is still being investigated. Despite common characteristics, different cell populations undergo distinctive morphofunctional changes during senescence. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. A multitude of studies have examined alterations in the cytokine profile that determine their regulatory function. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of MSCs is a less studied aspect of their biology. It has been shown to modulate the activity of neighboring cells. Therefore, investigating age-related changes in the MSC matrisome is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of tissue niche ageing. This study conducted a broad proteomic analysis of the matrisome of separated fractions of senescent MSCs, including the ECM, conditioned medium (CM), and cell lysate. This is the first time such an analysis has been conducted. It has been established that there is a shift in production towards regulatory molecules and a significant downregulation of the main structural and adhesion proteins of the ECM, particularly collagens, fibulins, and fibrilins. Additionally, a decrease in the levels of cathepsins, galectins, S100 proteins, and other proteins with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties has been observed. However, the level of inflammatory proteins and regulators of profibrotic pathways increases. Additionally, there is an upregulation of proteins that can directly cause prosenescent effects on microenvironmental cells (SERPINE1, THBS1, and GDF15). These changes confirm that senescent MSCs can have a negative impact on other cells in the tissue niche, not only through cytokine signals but also through the remodeled ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrey Ratushnyy
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye Shosse, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (D.M.); (D.K.); (M.E.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
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5
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Fan JR, Chang SN, Chu CT, Chen HC. AKT2-mediated nuclear deformation leads to genome instability during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. iScience 2023; 26:106992. [PMID: 37378334 PMCID: PMC10291577 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear deformation has been observed in some cancer cells for decades, but its underlying mechanism and biological significance remain elusive. To address these questions, we employed human lung cancer A549 cell line as a model in context with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, we report that nuclear deformation induced by TGFβ is concomitant with increased phosphorylation of lamin A at Ser390, defective nuclear lamina and genome instability. AKT2 and Smad3 serve as the downstream effectors for TGFβ to induce nuclear deformation. AKT2 directly phosphorylates lamin A at Ser390, whereas Smad3 is required for AKT2 activation upon TGFβ stimulation. Expression of the lamin A mutant with a substitution of Ser390 to Ala or suppression of AKT2 or Smad3 prevents nuclear deformation and genome instability induced by TGFβ. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism for TGFβ-induced nuclear deformation and establish a role of nuclear deformation in genome instability during epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Fan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Nian Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tung Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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6
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Leiby KL, Yuan Y, Ng R, Raredon MSB, Adams TS, Baevova P, Greaney AM, Hirschi KK, Campbell SG, Kaminski N, Herzog EL, Niklason LE. Rational engineering of lung alveolar epithelium. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:22. [PMID: 37117221 PMCID: PMC10147714 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered whole lungs may one day expand therapeutic options for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, the feasibility of ex vivo lung regeneration remains limited by the inability to recapitulate mature, functional alveolar epithelium. Here, we modulate multimodal components of the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell (AEC2) niche in decellularized lung scaffolds in order to guide AEC2 behavior for epithelial regeneration. First, endothelial cells coordinate with fibroblasts, in the presence of soluble growth and maturation factors, to promote alveolar scaffold population with surfactant-secreting AEC2s. Subsequent withdrawal of Wnt and FGF agonism synergizes with tidal-magnitude mechanical strain to induce the differentiation of AEC2s to squamous type 1 AECs (AEC1s) in cultured alveoli, in situ. These results outline a rational strategy to engineer an epithelium of AEC2s and AEC1s contained within epithelial-mesenchymal-endothelial alveolar-like units, and highlight the critical interplay amongst cellular, biochemical, and mechanical niche cues within the reconstituting alveolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pavlina Baevova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Allison M Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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7
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Greaney AM, Raredon MSB, Kochugaeva MP, Niklason LE, Levchenko A. SARS-CoV-2 leverages airway epithelial protective mechanism for viral infection. iScience 2023; 26:106175. [PMID: 36788793 PMCID: PMC9912025 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite much concerted effort to better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection, relatively little is known about the dynamics of early viral entry and infection in the airway. Here we analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of early SARS-CoV-2 infection in a humanized in vitro model, to elucidate key mechanisms by which the virus triggers a cell-systems-level response in the bronchial epithelium. We find that SARS-CoV-2 virus preferentially enters the tissue via ciliated cell precursors, giving rise to a population of infected mature ciliated cells, which signal to basal cells, inducing further rapid differentiation. This feedforward loop of infection is mitigated by further cell-cell communication, before interferon signaling begins at three days post-infection. These findings suggest hijacking by the virus of potentially beneficial tissue repair mechanisms, possibly exacerbating the outcome. This work both elucidates the interplay between barrier tissues and viral infections and may suggest alternative therapeutic approaches targeting non-immune response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Marie Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Maria P. Kochugaeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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8
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Pluta R, Aragón E, Prescott NA, Ruiz L, Mees RA, Baginski B, Flood JR, Martin-Malpartida P, Massagué J, David Y, Macias MJ. Molecular basis for DNA recognition by the maternal pioneer transcription factor FoxH1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7279. [PMID: 36435807 PMCID: PMC9701222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box H1 (FoxH1) is an essential maternal pioneer factor during embryonic development that binds to specific GG/GT-containing DNA target sequences. Here we have determined high-resolution structures of three FoxH1 proteins (from human, frog and fish species) and four DNAs to clarify the way in which FoxH1 binds to these sites. We found that the protein-DNA interactions extend to both the minor and major DNA grooves and are thus almost twice as extensive as those of other FOX family members. Moreover, we identified two specific amino acid changes in FoxH1 that allowed the recognition of GG/GT motifs. Consistent with the pioneer factor activity of FoxH1, we found that its affinity for nucleosomal DNA is even higher than for linear DNA fragments. The structures reported herein illustrate how FoxH1 binding to distinct DNA sites provides specificity and avoids cross-regulation by other FOX proteins that also operate during the maternal-zygotic transition and select canonical forkhead sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Pluta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Eric Aragón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Nicholas A Prescott
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lidia Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Rebeca A Mees
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Blazej Baginski
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Julia R Flood
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pau Martin-Malpartida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yael David
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maria J Macias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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9
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Greaney AM, Raredon MSB, Kochugaeva MP, Niklason LE, Levchenko A. SARS-CoV-2 leverages airway epithelial protective mechanism for viral infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.01.29.478335. [PMID: 35132420 PMCID: PMC8820667 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.29.478335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite much concerted effort to better understand SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, relatively little is known about the dynamics of early viral entry and infection in the airway. Here we analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of early SARS-CoV-2 infection in a humanized in vitro model, to elucidate key mechanisms by which the virus triggers a cell-systems-level response in the bronchial epithelium. We find that SARS-CoV-2 virus preferentially enters the tissue via ciliated cell precursors, giving rise to a population of infected mature ciliated cells, which signal to basal cells, inducing further rapid differentiation. This feed-forward loop of infection is mitigated by further cell-cell communication, before interferon signaling begins at three days post-infection. These findings suggest hijacking by the virus of potentially beneficial tissue repair mechanisms, possibly exacerbating the outcome. This work both elucidates the interplay between barrier tissues and viral infections, and may suggest alternative therapeutic approaches targeting non-immune response mechanisms.
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10
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Vivekanandhan S, Madamsetty VS, Angom RS, Dutta SK, Wang E, Caulfield T, Pletnev AA, Upstill-Goddard R, Asmann YW, Chang D, Spaller MR, Mukhopadhyay D. Role of PLEXIND1/TGFβ Signaling Axis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression Correlates with the Mutational Status of KRAS. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164048. [PMID: 34439202 PMCID: PMC8393884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal cancers. The expression of PLEXIND1, a receptor, is upregulated in many cancers (including pancreatic cancer). Traditionally, PLEXIND1 is known to be involved in neuron development and mediate semaphorin signaling. However, its role and signaling in cancer is not fully understood. In our study, we present a new mechanism through which PLEXIND1 mediates its roles in cancer. For the first time, we demonstrate that it can function as a transforming growth factor beta coreceptor and modulate SMAD3 signaling. Around 90% of pancreatic cancer patients have mutant KRAS. Our work suggests that PLEXIND1 functions differently in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and the difference correlates with KRAS mutational status. Additionally, we demonstrate a novel peptide based therapeutic approach to target PLEXIND1 in cancer cells. Our work is valuable to both neuroscience and cancer fields, as it demonstrates an association between two previously unrelated signaling pathways. Abstract PLEXIND1 is upregulated in several cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is an established mediator of semaphorin signaling, and neuropilins are its known coreceptors. Herein, we report data to support the proposal that PLEXIND1 acts as a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) coreceptor, modulating cell growth through SMAD3 signaling. Our findings demonstrate that PLEXIND1 plays a pro-tumorigenic role in PDAC cells with oncogenic KRAS (KRASmut). We show in KRASmut PDAC cell lines (PANC-1, AsPC-1,4535) PLEXIND1 downregulation results in decreased cell viability (in vitro) and reduced tumor growth (in vivo). Conversely, PLEXIND1 acts as a tumor suppressor in the PDAC cell line (BxPC-3) with wild-type KRAS (KRASwt), as its reduced expression results in higher cell viability (in-vitro) and tumor growth (in vivo). Additionally, we demonstrate that PLEXIND1-mediated interactions can be selectively disrupted using a peptide based on its C-terminal sequence (a PDZ domain-binding motif), an outcome that may possess significant therapeutic implications. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that (1) PLEXIND1 acts as a TGFβ coreceptor and mediates SMAD3 signaling, and (2) differential roles of PLEXIND1 in PDAC cell lines correlate with KRASmut and KRASwt status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vivekanandhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Vijay S. Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Thomas Caulfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Alexandre A. Pletnev
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.A.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate Switchback Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (R.U.-G.); (D.C.)
| | - Yan W. Asmann
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - David Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate Switchback Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (R.U.-G.); (D.C.)
| | - Mark R. Spaller
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.A.P.); (M.R.S.)
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Alba GA, Samokhin AO, Wang RS, Zhang YY, Wertheim BM, Arons E, Greenfield EA, Lundberg Slingsby MH, Ceglowski JR, Haley KJ, Bowman FP, Yu YR, Haney JC, Eng G, Mitchell RN, Sheets A, Vargas SO, Seo S, Channick RN, Leary PJ, Rajagopal S, Loscalzo J, Battinelli EM, Maron BA. NEDD9 Is a Novel and Modifiable Mediator of Platelet-Endothelial Adhesion in the Pulmonary Circulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1533-1545. [PMID: 33523764 PMCID: PMC8483217 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0719oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Data on the molecular mechanisms that regulate platelet-pulmonary endothelial adhesion under conditions of hypoxia are lacking, but may have important therapeutic implications. Objectives: To identify a hypoxia-sensitive, modifiable mediator of platelet-pulmonary artery endothelial cell adhesion and thrombotic remodeling. Methods: Network medicine was used to profile protein-protein interactions in hypoxia-treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Data from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and microscale thermophoresis informed the development of a novel antibody (Ab) to inhibit platelet-endothelial adhesion, which was tested in cells from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and three animal models in vivo. Measurements and Main Results: The protein NEDD9 was identified in the hypoxia thrombosome network in silico. Compared with normoxia, hypoxia (0.2% O2) for 24 hours increased HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α)-dependent NEDD9 upregulation in vitro. Increased NEDD9 was localized to the plasma-membrane surface of cells from control donors and patients with CTEPH. In endarterectomy specimens, NEDD9 colocalized with the platelet surface adhesion molecule P-selectin. Our custom-made anti-NEDD9 Ab targeted the NEDD9-P-selectin interaction and inhibited the adhesion of activated platelets to pulmonary artery endothelial cells from control donors in vitro and from patients with CTEPH ex vivo. Compared with control mice, platelet-pulmonary endothelial aggregates and pulmonary hypertension induced by ADP were decreased in NEDD9-/- mice or wild-type mice treated with the anti-NEDD9 Ab, which also decreased chronic pulmonary thromboembolic remodeling in vivo. Conclusions: The NEDD9-P-selectin protein-protein interaction is a modifiable target with which to inhibit platelet-pulmonary endothelial adhesion and thromboembolic vascular remodeling, with potential therapeutic implications for patients with disorders of increased hypoxia signaling pathways, including CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Alba
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Andriy O. Samokhin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Elena Arons
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederick P. Bowman
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yen-Rei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John. C. Haney
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George Eng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Anthony Sheets
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sachiko Seo
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard N. Channick
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Peter J. Leary
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Bradley A. Maron
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Mather RL, Parolia A, Carson SE, Venalainen E, Roig-Carles D, Jaber M, Chu SC, Alborelli I, Wu R, Lin D, Nabavi N, Jachetti E, Colombo MP, Xue H, Pucci P, Ci X, Hawkes C, Li Y, Pandha H, Ulitsky I, Marconett C, Quagliata L, Jiang W, Romero I, Wang Y, Crea F. The evolutionarily conserved long non-coding RNA LINC00261 drives neuroendocrine prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic mechanisms. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1921-1941. [PMID: 33793068 PMCID: PMC8253100 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive disease, whose incidence is rising. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a large family of disease- and tissue-specific transcripts, most of which are still functionally uncharacterized. Thus, we set out to identify the highly conserved lncRNAs that play a central role in NEPC pathogenesis. To this end, we performed transcriptomic analyses of donor-matched patient-derived xenograft models (PDXs) with immunohistologic features of prostate adenocarcinoma (AR+ /PSA+ ) or NEPC (AR- /SYN+ /CHGA+ ) and through differential expression analyses identified lncRNAs that were upregulated upon neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. These genes were prioritized for functional assessment based on the level of conservation in vertebrates. Here, LINC00261 emerged as the top gene with over 3229-fold upregulation in NEPC. Consistently, LINC00261 expression was significantly upregulated in NEPC specimens in multiple patient cohorts. Knockdown of LINC00261 in PC-3 cells dramatically attenuated its proliferative and metastatic abilities, which are explained by parallel downregulation of CBX2 and FOXA2 through distinct molecular mechanisms. In the cell cytoplasm, LINC00261 binds to and sequesters miR-8485 from targeting the CBX2 mRNA, while inside the nucleus, LINC00261 functions as a transcriptional scaffold to induce SMAD-driven expression of the FOXA2 gene. For the first time, these results demonstrate hyperactivation of the LINC00261-CBX2-FOXA2 axes in NEPC to drive proliferation and metastasis, and that LINC00261 may be utilized as a therapeutic target and a biomarker for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Mather
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandra E Carson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erik Venalainen
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Roig-Carles
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Mustapha Jaber
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shih-Chun Chu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Wu
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Hui Xue
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Perla Pucci
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Xinpei Ci
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheryl Hawkes
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Yinglei Li
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Crystal Marconett
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ignacio Romero
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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13
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Mukherjee D, Wagh G, Mokalled MH, Kontarakis Z, Dickson AL, Rayrikar A, Günther S, Poss KD, Stainier DYR, Patra C. Ccn2a is an injury-induced matricellular factor that promotes cardiac regeneration in zebrafish. Development 2021; 148:dev193219. [PMID: 33234717 PMCID: PMC7847265 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of zebrafish to heal their heart after injury makes them an attractive model for investigating the mechanisms governing the regenerative process. In this study, we show that the gene cellular communication network factor 2a (ccn2a), previously known as ctgfa, is induced in endocardial cells in the injured tissue and regulates CM proliferation and repopulation of the damaged tissue. We find that, whereas in wild-type animals, CMs track along the newly formed blood vessels that revascularize the injured tissue, in ccn2a mutants CM proliferation and repopulation are disrupted, despite apparently unaffected revascularization. In addition, we find that ccn2a overexpression enhances CM proliferation and improves the resolution of transient collagen deposition. Through loss- and gain-of-function as well as pharmacological approaches, we provide evidence that Ccn2a is necessary for and promotes heart regeneration by enhancing the expression of pro-regenerative extracellular matrix genes, and by inhibiting the chemokine receptor gene cxcr3.1 through a mechanism involving Tgfβ/pSmad3 signaling. Thus, Ccn2a positively modulates the innate regenerative response of the adult zebrafish heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Mukherjee
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
| | - Ganesh Wagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
- SP Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Mayssa H Mokalled
- Regeneration Next, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zacharias Kontarakis
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Amy L Dickson
- Regeneration Next, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amey Rayrikar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
- SP Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Stefan Günther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
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14
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Ruiz L, Kaczmarska Z, Gomes T, Aragon E, Torner C, Freier R, Baginski B, Martin-Malpartida P, de Martin Garrido N, Marquez JA, Cordeiro TN, Pluta R, Macias MJ. Unveiling the dimer/monomer propensities of Smad MH1-DNA complexes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:632-646. [PMID: 33510867 PMCID: PMC7810915 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MH1 domains of BMP-activated Smads populate a dimer-monomer equilibrium. Swapping loop1 between BMP- and TGFβ Smads turns dimers into monomers and vice versa. BMP-responsive genomic regions have a lower average count of motifs than TGFβ ones.
Smad transcription factors are the main downstream effectors of the Transforming growth factor β superfamily (TGFβ) signalling network. The DNA complexes determined here by X-ray crystallography for the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) activated Smad5 and Smad8 proteins reveal that all MH1 domains bind [GGC(GC)|(CG)] motifs similarly, although TGFβ-activated Smad2/3 and Smad4 MH1 domains bind as monomers whereas Smad1/5/8 form helix-swapped dimers. Dimers and monomers are also present in solution, as revealed by NMR. To decipher the characteristics that defined these dimers, we designed chimeric MH1 domains and characterized them using X-ray crystallography. We found that swapping the loop1 between TGFβ- and BMP- activated MH1 domains switches the dimer/monomer propensities. When we scanned the distribution of Smad-bound motifs in ChIP-Seq peaks (Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing) in Smad-responsive genes, we observed specific site clustering and spacing depending on whether the peaks correspond to BMP- or TGFβ-responsive genes. We also identified significant correlations between site distribution and monomer or dimer propensities. We propose that the MH1 monomer or dimer propensity of Smads contributes to the distinct motif selection genome-wide and together with the MH2 domain association, help define the composition of R-Smad/Smad4 trimeric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Zuzanna Kaczmarska
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France.,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Tiago Gomes
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Eric Aragon
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carles Torner
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Regina Freier
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Blazej Baginski
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pau Martin-Malpartida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Natàlia de Martin Garrido
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José A Marquez
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
| | - Tiago N Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Radoslaw Pluta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Maria J Macias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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15
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Marwitz S, Turkowski K, Nitschkowski D, Weigert A, Brandenburg J, Reiling N, Thomas M, Reck M, Drömann D, Seeger W, Rabe KF, Savai R, Goldmann T. The Multi-Modal Effect of the Anti-fibrotic Drug Pirfenidone on NSCLC. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1550. [PMID: 32039023 PMCID: PMC6985561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint and targeted therapies offer remarkable benefits for lung cancer treatment, some patients do not qualify for these regimens or do not exhibit consistent benefit. Provided that lung cancer appears to be driven by transforming growth factor beta signaling, we investigated the single drug potency of Pirfenidone, an approved drug for the treatment of lung fibrosis. Five human lung cancer cell lines and one murine line were investigated for transforming growth factor beta inhibition via Pirfenidone by using flow cytometry, In-Cell western analysis, proliferation assays as well as comprehensive analyses of the transcriptome with subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Overall, Pirfenidone induced cell cycle arrest, down-regulated SMAD expression and reduced proliferation in lung cancer. Furthermore, cell stress pathways and pro-apoptotic signaling may be mediated by reduced expression of Survivin. A murine subcutaneous model was used to assess the in vivo drug efficacy of Pirfenidone and showed reduced tumor growth and increased infiltration of T cells and NK cells. This data warrant further clinical evaluation of Pirfenidone with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The observed in vitro and in vivo effects point to a substantial benefit for using Pirfenidone to reactivate the local immune response and possible application in conjunction with current immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Marwitz
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Kati Turkowski
- Molecular Mechanisms in Lung Cancer, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dörte Nitschkowski
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julius Brandenburg
- Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Reck
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Medical Clinic III, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Molecular Mechanisms in Lung Cancer, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Department of Pneumology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Molecular Mechanisms in Lung Cancer, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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16
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Forstner D, Maninger S, Nonn O, Guettler J, Moser G, Leitinger G, Pritz E, Strunk D, Schallmoser K, Marsche G, Heinemann A, Huppertz B, Gauster M. Platelet-derived factors impair placental chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit synthesis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:193-207. [PMID: 31863152 PMCID: PMC7007904 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract During histiotrophic nutrition of the embryo, maternal platelets may be the first circulating maternal cells that find their way into the placental intervillous space through narrow intertrophoblastic gaps within the plugs of spiral arteries. Activation of platelets at the maternal-fetal interface can influence trophoblast behavior and has been implicated in serious pregnancy pathologies. Here, we show that platelet-derived factors impaired expression and secretion of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (βhCG) in human first trimester placental explants and the trophoblast cell line BeWo. Impaired βhCG synthesis was not the consequence of hampered morphological differentiation, as assessed by analysis of differentiation-associated genes and electron microscopy. Platelet-derived factors did not affect intracellular cAMP levels and phosphorylation of CREB, but activated Smad3 and its downstream-target plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 in forskolin-induced BeWo cell differentiation. While TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 did not restore impaired βhCG production in response to platelet-derived factors, Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 interfered with CREB activation, suggesting an interaction of cAMP/CREB and Smad3 signaling. Sequestration of transcription co-activators CBP/p300, known to bind both CREB and Smad3, may limit βhCG production, since CBP/p300 inhibitor C646 significantly restricted its forskolin-induced upregulation. In conclusion, our study suggests that degranulation of maternal platelets at the early maternal-fetal interface can impair placental βhCG production, without substantially affecting morphological and biochemical differentiation of villous trophoblasts. Key messages Maternal platelets can be detected on the surface of the placental villi and in intercellular gaps of trophoblast cell columns from gestational week 5 onwards. Platelet-derived factors impair hCG synthesis in human first trimester placenta. Platelet-derived factors activate Smad3 in trophoblasts. Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 interferes with forskolin-induced CREB signaling. Sequestration of CBP/p300 by activated Smad3 may limit placental hCG production.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-019-01866-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Forstner
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Maninger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Olivia Nonn
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Guettler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerit Moser
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pritz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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17
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Expression Profile Analysis of Selenium-Related Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Keshan Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4352905. [PMID: 31828104 PMCID: PMC6885826 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4352905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Keshan disease (KD) is an endemic cardiomyopathy, which mainly occurs in China. Selenium deficiency is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of KD, but the molecular mechanism of selenium-induced damage remains unclear. To identify the key genes involved in selenium-induced damage, we compared the expression profiles of selenium-related genes between patients with KD and normal controls. Total RNA was isolated, amplified, labeled, and hybridized to Agilent human 4 × 44 K whole genome microarrays. Selenium-related genes were screened using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The microarray data were subjected to single-gene and gene ontology (GO) expression analysis using R Studio and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to validate the microarray results. We identified 16 upregulated and 11 downregulated selenium-related genes in patients. These genes are involved in apoptosis, metabolism, transcription regulation, ion transport, and growth and development. Of the significantly enriched GO categories in KD patients, we identified four apoptosis-related, two metabolism-related, four growth and development-related, and four ion transport-related GOs. Based on our results, we suggest that selenium might contribute to the development of KD through dysfunction of selenium-related genes involved in apoptosis, metabolism, ion transport, and growth and development in the myocardium.
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18
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Jansen C, Ramirez RN, El-Ali NC, Gomez-Cabrero D, Tegner J, Merkenschlager M, Conesa A, Mortazavi A. Building gene regulatory networks from scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq using Linked Self Organizing Maps. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006555. [PMID: 31682608 PMCID: PMC6855564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in single-cell assays have outpaced methods for analysis of those data types. Different single-cell assays show extensive variation in sensitivity and signal to noise levels. In particular, scATAC-seq generates extremely sparse and noisy datasets. Existing methods developed to analyze this data require cells amenable to pseudo-time analysis or require datasets with drastically different cell-types. We describe a novel approach using self-organizing maps (SOM) to link scATAC-seq regions with scRNA-seq genes that overcomes these challenges and can generate draft regulatory networks. Our SOMatic package generates chromatin and gene expression SOMs separately and combines them using a linking function. We applied SOMatic on a mouse pre-B cell differentiation time-course using controlled Ikaros over-expression to recover gene ontology enrichments, identify motifs in genomic regions showing similar single-cell profiles, and generate a gene regulatory network that both recovers known interactions and predicts new Ikaros targets during the differentiation process. The ability of linked SOMs to detect emergent properties from multiple types of highly-dimensional genomic data with very different signal properties opens new avenues for integrative analysis of heterogeneous data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden Jansen
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ricardo N. Ramirez
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. El-Ali
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King’s College London Dental Institute, London United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Tegner
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias Merkenschlager
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Conesa
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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19
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SMAD3 directly regulates cell cycle genes to maintain arrest in granulosa cells of mouse primordial follicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6513. [PMID: 31015579 PMCID: PMC6478827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial follicles, consisting of granulosa cell (GC)-enveloped oocytes are maintained in a state of developmental arrest until activated to grow. The mechanism that operates to maintain this arrested state in GCs is currently unknown. Here, we show the TGFβ-activated transcription factor SMAD3 is expressed in primordial GC nuclei alongside the cell cycle proteins, cyclin D2 (CCND2) and P27. Using neonatal C57/Bl6 mouse ovaries densely populated with primordial follicles, CCND2 protein co-localised and was detected in complex with P27 by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation, respectively. In the same tissue, SMAD3 co-precipitated with DNA sequences upstream of Ccnd2 and Myc transcription start sites implicating both as direct SMAD3 targets. In older ovaries follicle growth was associated with nuclear exclusion of SMAD3 and reduced P27 and CCND2 in GCs, alongside elevated Myc expression. Brief (2 H) exposure of neonatal ovaries to TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml) in vitro led to immediate dissociation of SMAD3 from the Ccnd2 and Myc promoters. This coincided with elevated Myc and phospho-S6, an indicator of mTOR signalling, followed by a small increase in mean primordial GC number after 48 H. These findings highlight a concentration-dependent role for TGFβ signalling in the maintenance and activation of primordial follicles, through SMAD-dependent and independent signalling pathways, respectively.
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20
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Jiang L, Wang R, Fang L, Ge X, Chen L, Zhou M, Zhou Y, Xiong W, Hu Y, Tang X, Li G, Li Z. HCP5 is a SMAD3-responsive long non-coding RNA that promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via miR-203/SNAI axis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2460-2474. [PMID: 31131047 PMCID: PMC6525996 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling plays a vital role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. However, the involvement of TGFβ-regulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metastasis of LUAD remains poorly understood. Methods: We performed bioinformatic analyses to identify putative lncRNAs regulated by TGF-β/SMAD3 and validated the results by quantitative PCR in LUAD cells. We performed luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate the transcriptional regulation of the lncRNA histocompatibility leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5) we decided to focus on. Stable HCP5 knockdown and HCP5-overexpressing A549 cell variants were generated respectively, to study HCP5 function and understand its mechanism of action. We also confirmed our findings in mouse xenografts and metastasis models. We analyzed the correlation between the level of lncRNA expression with EGFR, KRAS mutations, smoke state and prognostic of LUAD patients. Results: We found that the lncRNA HCP5 is induced by TGFβ and transcriptionally regulated by SMAD3, which promotes LUAD tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, HCP5 is overexpressed in tumor tissues of patients with LUAD, specifically in patients with EGFR and KRAS mutations and current smoker. HCP5 high expression level is positively correlated with poor prognosis of patients with LUAD. Finally, we demonstrated that upregulation of HCP5 increases the expression of Snail and Slug by sponging the microRNA-203 (miR-203) and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in LUAD cells. Conclusions: Our work demonstrates that the lncRNA HCP5 is transcriptionally regulated by SMAD3 and acts as a new regulator in the TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway. Therefore, HCP5 can serve as a potential therapeutic target in LUAD.
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21
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Gordian E, Welsh EA, Gimbrone N, Siegel EM, Shibata D, Creelan BC, Cress WD, Eschrich SA, Haura EB, Muñoz-Antonia T. Transforming growth factor β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal signature predicts metastasis-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:810-824. [PMID: 30783512 PMCID: PMC6368226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) plays a key role in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A gene expression signature (TGFβ-EMT) associated with TGFβ-induced EMT activities was developed using human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) cells treated with TGFβ-1 and subjected to Affymetrix microarray analysis. The final 105-probeset TGFβ-EMT signature covers 77 genes, and a NanoString assay utilized a subset of 60 of these genes (TGFβ-EMTN signature). We found that the TGFβ-EMT and TGFβ-EMTN gene signatures predicted overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS). The TGFβ-EMT signature was validated as prognostic of 5-year MFS in 3 cohorts: a 133 NSCLC tumor dataset (P = 0.0002), a NanoString assays of RNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from these same tumors (P = 0.0015), and a previously published NSCLC MFS dataset (P = 0.0015). The separation between high and low metastasis signature scores was higher at 3 years (ΔMFS TGFβ-EMT = −28.6%; ΔMFS TGFβ-EMTN = −25.2%) than at 5 years (ΔMFS TGFβ-EMT = −18.6%; ΔMFS TGFβ-EMTN = −11.8%). In addition, the TGFβ-EMT signature correlated with whether the cancer had already metastasized or not at time of surgery in a colon cancer cohort. The results show that the TGFβ-EMT signature successfully discriminated lung cancer cell lines capable of undergoing EMT in response to TGFβ-1 and predicts MFS in lung adenocarcinomas. Thus, the TGFβ-EMT signature has the potential to be developed as a clinically relevant predictive biomarker, for example to identify those patients with resected early stage lung cancer who may benefit from adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Gordian
- Tumor Biology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Cancer Informatics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Gimbrone
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin M Siegel
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ben C Creelan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William Douglas Cress
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresita Muñoz-Antonia
- Tumor Biology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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22
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Mei Y, Liu H. IL-37: An anti-inflammatory cytokine with antitumor functions. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2018; 2:e1151. [PMID: 32935478 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-37 is a newly identified IL-1 family cytokine. Unlike other members in IL-1 family, IL-37 has been demonstrated to be an anti-inflammatory cytokine in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IL-37 is regarded as a dual-function cytokine as both the extracellular and intracellular IL-37 are biologically functional. Extracellular IL-37 can bind to IL-18Rα and IL-1R8 to form a triple complex, regulating the downstream STAT3 and PTEN signaling. Intracellular IL-37 can interact with Smad3, translocate into nucleus, and regulate downstream target gene expressions. Recently, the role of IL-37 in tumor development has been extensively studied. RECENT FINDINGS IL-37 has been found to play an antitumor role in various types of tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Many mechanism studies have been carried out to elaborate the possible effects of IL-37 on tumor growth, immune responses, and tumor angiogenesis. More importantly, the function of IL-37 may be dependent on its concentration and receptor expression. It can form dimers at high concentrations to be inactivated, thus inhibiting its anti-inflammatory function. We focused on the role of IL-37 in various tumor types and provided the hypothesis regarding the underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSION IL-37 may affect tumor development through multiple mechanisms: (1) IL-37 directly influences tumor cell viability; (2) IL-37 regulates the immune response to promote the antitumor immunity; and (3) IL-37 suppresses tumor angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the mechanisms of these multifaceted functions of IL-37 in animal models and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Iyer D, Zhao Q, Wirka R, Naravane A, Nguyen T, Liu B, Nagao M, Cheng P, Miller CL, Kim JB, Pjanic M, Quertermous T. Coronary artery disease genes SMAD3 and TCF21 promote opposing interactive genetic programs that regulate smooth muscle cell differentiation and disease risk. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007681. [PMID: 30307970 PMCID: PMC6198989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous genetic loci have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) with genome wide association studies, efforts are needed to identify the causal genes in these loci and link them into fundamental signaling pathways. Recent studies have investigated the disease mechanism of CAD associated gene SMAD3, a central transcription factor (TF) in the TGFβ pathway, investigating its role in smooth muscle biology. In vitro studies in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) revealed that SMAD3 modulates cellular phenotype, promoting expression of differentiation marker genes while inhibiting proliferation. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing studies in HCASMC identified downstream genes that reside in pathways which mediate vascular development and atherosclerosis processes in this cell type. HCASMC phenotype, and gene expression patterns promoted by SMAD3 were noted to have opposing direction of effect compared to another CAD associated TF, TCF21. At sites of SMAD3 and TCF21 colocalization on DNA, SMAD3 binding was inversely correlated with TCF21 binding, due in part to TCF21 locally blocking chromatin accessibility at the SMAD3 binding site. Further, TCF21 was able to directly inhibit SMAD3 activation of gene expression in transfection reporter gene studies. In contrast to TCF21 which is protective toward CAD, SMAD3 expression in HCASMC was shown to be directly correlated with disease risk. We propose that the pro-differentiation action of SMAD3 inhibits dedifferentiation that is required for HCASMC to expand and stabilize disease plaque as they respond to vascular stresses, counteracting the protective dedifferentiating activity of TCF21 and promoting disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Iyer
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Wirka
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ameay Naravane
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Manabu Nagao
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Departments of Public Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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24
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Lee J, Ahn E, Kim SY, Shin Y, Ahn S, Sung J, Kim H, Cho E, Jung S, Park S. Inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-cyclodextrin with baicalein restore collagen synthesis in fibroblast cells following ultraviolet exposure. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4032-4043. [PMID: 30269381 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid, has poor water solubility, thereby limiting its use in a wide range of biological applications. In the present study, we used inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with baicalein to enhance the stability and solubility of baicalein in aqueous solution. We examined the effects of inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CD on collagen synthesis following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, as well as the mechanisms underlying its effects. Our findings demonstrated that baicalein significantly restored collagen synthesis in the UV-exposed human fibroblast Hs68 cells. In addition, synthetic cysteine functionalized β-CDs were found to promote baicalein-induced collagen synthesis. Inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CDs with baicalein significantly upregulated the protein expression of type I collagen and activated the transcription of type I, II, and III collagen. Inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CDs with baicalein also downregulated matrix metalloproteinase -1 and -3, and α-smooth muscle actin expression. In addition, inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CDs with baicalein attenuated the expression of caveolin-1, but this treatment enhanced the UV-induced phosphorylation of Smad in the transforming growth factor-β pathway. These results suggested that the newly synthesized derivative of CD can be used as a complexing agent to enhance the bioavailability of flavonoids such as baicalein, especially in restoring collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eunsook Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Y Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujeong Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiha Sung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwanhee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunho Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Smoktunowicz N, Platé M, Stern AO, D'Antongiovanni V, Robinson E, Chudasama V, Caddick S, Scotton CJ, Jarai G, Chambers RC. TGFβ upregulates PAR-1 expression and signalling responses in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65471-65484. [PMID: 27566553 PMCID: PMC5323169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The major high-affinity thrombin receptor, proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) is expressed at low levels by the normal epithelium but is upregulated in many types of cancer, including lung cancer. The thrombin-PAR-1 signalling axis contributes to the activation of latent TGFβ in response to tissue injury via an αvβ6 integrin-mediated mechanism. TGFβ is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts as a tumour suppressor in normal and dysplastic cells but switches into a tumour promoter in advanced tumours. In this study we demonstrate that TGFβ is a positive regulator of PAR-1 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, which in turn increases the sensitivity of these cells to thrombin signalling. We further demonstrate that this effect is Smad3-, ERK1/2- and Sp1-dependent. We also show that TGFβ-mediated PAR-1 upregulation is accompanied by increased expression of integrin αv and β6 subunits. Finally, TGFβ pre-stimulation promotes increased migratory potential of A549 to thrombin. These data have important implications for our understanding of the interplay between coagulation and TGFβ signalling responses in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smoktunowicz
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuela Platé
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Ortiz Stern
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eifion Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris J Scotton
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Dopeso H, Jiao HK, Cuesta AM, Henze AT, Jurida L, Kracht M, Acker-Palmer A, Garvalov BK, Acker T. PHD3 Controls Lung Cancer Metastasis and Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors through TGFα. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1805-1819. [PMID: 29339541 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, in large part due to its high propensity to metastasize and to develop therapy resistance. Adaptive responses to hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are linked to tumor metastasis and drug resistance, but little is known about how oxygen sensing and EMT intersect to control these hallmarks of cancer. Here, we show that the oxygen sensor PHD3 links hypoxic signaling and EMT regulation in the lung tumor microenvironment. PHD3 was repressed by signals that induce EMT and acted as a negative regulator of EMT, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. PHD3 depletion in tumors, which can be caused by the EMT inducer TGFβ or by promoter methylation, enhanced EMT and spontaneous metastasis via HIF-dependent upregulation of the EGFR ligand TGFα. In turn, TGFα stimulated EGFR, which potentiated SMAD signaling, reinforcing EMT and metastasis. In clinical specimens of lung cancer, reduced PHD3 expression was linked to poor prognosis and to therapeutic resistance against EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib. Reexpression of PHD3 in lung cancer cells suppressed EMT and metastasis and restored sensitivity to erlotinib. Taken together, our results establish a key function for PHD3 in metastasis and drug resistance and suggest opportunities to improve patient treatment by interfering with the feedforward signaling mechanisms activated by PHD3 silencing.Significance: This study links the oxygen sensor PHD3 to metastasis and drug resistance in cancer, with implications for therapeutic improvement by targeting this system. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1805-19. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higinio Dopeso
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hui-Ke Jiao
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Angel M Cuesta
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne-Theres Henze
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liane Jurida
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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27
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Wang Y, He H, Liyanarachchi S, Genutis LK, Li W, Yu L, Phay JE, Shen R, Brock P, de la Chapelle A. The role of SMAD3 in the genetic predisposition to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Genet Med 2018; 20:927-935. [PMID: 29300379 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and characterize the functional variants, regulatory gene networks, and potential binding targets of SMAD3 in the 15q22 thyroid cancer risk locus. METHODS We performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analyses to fine map the 15q22 locus. Luciferase reporter assays were applied to evaluate the regulatory effects of the candidate variants. Knockdown by small interfering RNA, microarray analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to reveal the regulatory gene network and identify its binding targets. RESULTS We report a 25.6-kb haplotype within SMAD3 containing numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in high LD. SNPs rs17293632 and rs4562997 were identified as functional variants of SMAD3 by luciferase assays within the LD region. These variants regulate SMAD3 transcription in an allele-specific manner through enhancer elements in introns of SMAD3. Knockdown of SMAD3 in thyroid cancer cell lines revealed its regulatory gene network including two upregulated genes, SPRY4 and SPRY4-IT1. Sequence analysis and ChIP assays validated the actual binding of SMAD3 protein to multiple SMAD binding element sites in the region upstream of SPRY4. CONCLUSION Our data provide a functional annotation of the 15q22 thyroid cancer risk locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Wang
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Huiling He
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Luke K Genutis
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - John E Phay
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rulong Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pamela Brock
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Lucarelli P, Schilling M, Kreutz C, Vlasov A, Boehm ME, Iwamoto N, Steiert B, Lattermann S, Wäsch M, Stepath M, Matter MS, Heikenwälder M, Hoffmann K, Deharde D, Damm G, Seehofer D, Muciek M, Gretz N, Lehmann WD, Timmer J, Klingmüller U. Resolving the Combinatorial Complexity of Smad Protein Complex Formation and Its Link to Gene Expression. Cell Syst 2018; 6:75-89.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Dreussi E, Pucciarelli S, De Paoli A, Polesel J, Canzonieri V, Agostini M, Friso ML, Belluco C, Buonadonna A, Lonardi S, Zanusso C, De Mattia E, Toffoli G, Cecchin E. Predictive role of microRNA-related genetic polymorphisms in the pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19781-93. [PMID: 26934318 PMCID: PMC4991418 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In rectal cancer, a pathologic complete response (pCR) to pre-operative treatment is a favourable prognostic marker, but is reported in a minority of the patients. We aimed at identifying microRNA-related host genetic polymorphisms predictive of pCR. A panel of 114 microRNA-related tagging polymorphisms was selected and analyzed on 265 locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Patients were stratified in two subgroups according to the radiotherapy dose (50.4Gy for 202 patients, 55.0Gy for 78 patients). Interactions among genetic and clinical-pathological variants were investigated by recursive partitioning analysis. Only polymorphisms with a consistent significant effect in the two subgroups of patients were selected as predictive markers of pCR. The results were validated by bootstrap analysis. SMAD3-rs744910, SMAD3-rs745103, and TRBP-rs6088619 were associated to an increased chance of pCR (p=0.0153, p=0.0471, p=0.0125). DROSHA-rs10719 and SMAD3-rs17228212 had an opposite detrimental effect on pathological tumour response (p=0.0274, p=0.0049). Recursive partitioning analysis highlighted that a longer interval time between the end of radiotherapy and surgery increases the chance of pCR in patients with a specific combination of SMAD3-rs744910 and TRBP-rs6088619 genotypes. This study demonstrated that microRNA-related host genetic polymorphisms can predict pCR to neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy, and could be used to personalize the interval time between the end of radiotherapy and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dreussi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Section of Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonino De Paoli
- Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Section of Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Nano Inspired Biomedicine Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Friso
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Belluco
- Surgical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Medical Oncology B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanusso
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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30
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Chihara Y, Shimoda M, Hori A, Ohara A, Naoi Y, Ikeda JI, Kagara N, Tanei T, Shimomura A, Shimazu K, Kim SJ, Noguchi S. A small-molecule inhibitor of SMAD3 attenuates resistance to anti-HER2 drugs in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:55-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Lerrer S, Liubomirski Y, Bott A, Abnaof K, Oren N, Yousaf A, Körner C, Meshel T, Wiemann S, Ben-Baruch A. Co-Inflammatory Roles of TGFβ1 in the Presence of TNFα Drive a Pro-inflammatory Fate in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:479. [PMID: 28553282 PMCID: PMC5425596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasticity is a hallmark of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and as such, their differentiation and activities may be shaped by factors of their microenvironment. Bones, tumors, and cardiomyopathy are examples of niches and conditions that contain MSCs and are enriched with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). These two cytokines are generally considered as having opposing roles in regulating immunity and inflammation (pro- and anti-inflammatory, respectively). Here, we performed global gene expression analysis of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and identified overlap in half of the transcriptional programs that were modified by TNFα and TGFβ1. The two cytokines elevated the mRNA expression of soluble factors, including mRNAs of pro-inflammatory mediators. Accordingly, the typical pro-inflammatory factor TNFα prominently induced the protein expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators CCL2, CXCL8 (IL-8), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in MSCs, through the NF-κB/p65 pathway. In parallel, TGFβ1 did not elevate CXCL8 protein levels and induced the protein expression of CCL2 at much lower levels than TNFα; yet, TGFβ1 readily induced Cox-2 and acted predominantly via the Smad3 pathway. Interestingly, combined stimulation of MSCs by TNFα + TGFβ1 led to a cooperative induction of all three inflammatory mediators, indicating that TGFβ1 functioned as a co-inflammatory cytokine in the presence of TNFα. The cooperative activities of TNFα + TGFβ1 that have led to CCL2 and CXCL8 induction were almost exclusively dependent on p65 activation and were not regulated by Smad3 or by the upstream regulator TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). In contrast, the TNFα + TGFβ1-induced cooperative elevation in Cox-2 was mostly dependent on Smad3 (demonstrating cooperativity with activated NF-κB) and was partly regulated by TAK1. Studies with MSCs activated by TNFα + TGFβ1 revealed that they release factors that can affect other cells in their microenvironment and induce breast tumor cell elongation, migration, and scattering out of spheroid tumor masses. Thus, our findings demonstrate a TNFα + TGFβ1-driven pro-inflammatory fate in MSCs, identify specific molecular mechanisms involved, and propose that TNFα + TGFβ1-stimulated MSCs influence the tumor niche. These observations suggest key roles for the microenvironment in regulating MSC functions, which in turn may affect different health-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Lerrer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Liubomirski
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Bott
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khalid Abnaof
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nino Oren
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Afsheen Yousaf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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32
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Sosulski ML, Gongora R, Feghali-Bostwick C, Lasky JA, Sanchez CG. Sirtuin 3 Deregulation Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:595-602. [PMID: 27522058 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to alveolar epithelial cell injury and fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation (FMD), key events in the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a mitochondrial protein deacetylase regulator of antioxidant response and mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate reduced SIRT3 expression in the lungs of old mice compared to young mice, as well as in two murine models of PF. The analysis of the pattern of SIRT3 expression in the lungs of patients with PF revealed low SIRT3 staining within the fibrotic regions. We also demonstrated, using murine models of PF and human lung fibroblasts, that reduced SIRT3 expression in response to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) promotes acetylation (inactivation) of major oxidative stress response regulators, such as SOD2 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2. Reduction of SIRT3 in human lung fibroblasts promoted FMD. By contrast, overexpression of SIRT3 attenuated TGFβ1-mediated FMD and significantly reduced the levels of SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3). Resveratrol induced SIRT3 expression and ameliorated acetylation changes induced by TGFβ1. We demonstrated that SIRT3-deficient mice are more susceptible to PF compared to control mice, and concomitantly exhibit enhanced SMAD3 expression. Collectively, these data define a SIRT3/TGFβ1 interaction during aging that may play a significant role in the pathobiology of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L Sosulski
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rafael Gongora
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cecilia G Sanchez
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Abstract
How signaling pathways function reliably despite cellular variation remains a question in many systems. In the transforming growth factor-β (Tgf-β) pathway, exposure to ligand stimulates nuclear localization of Smad proteins, which then regulate target gene expression. Examining Smad3 dynamics in live reporter cells, we found evidence for fold-change detection. Although the level of nuclear Smad3 varied across cells, the fold change in the level of nuclear Smad3 was a more precise outcome of ligand stimulation. The precision of the fold-change response was observed throughout the signaling duration and across Tgf-β doses, and significantly increased the information transduction capacity of the pathway. Using single-molecule FISH, we further observed that expression of Smad3 target genes (ctgf, snai1, and wnt9a) correlated more strongly with the fold change, rather than the level, of nuclear Smad3. These findings suggest that some target genes sense Smad3 level relative to background, as a strategy for coping with cellular noise.
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34
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Wang W, Song B, Anbarchian T, Shirazyan A, Sadik JE, Lyons KM. Smad2 and Smad3 Regulate Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in the Growth Plate. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006352. [PMID: 27741240 PMCID: PMC5065210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβs act through canonical and non-canonical pathways, and canonical signals are transduced via Smad2 and Smad3. However, the contribution of canonical vs. non-canonical pathways in cartilage is unknown because the role of Smad2 in chondrogenesis has not been investigated in vivo. Therefore, we analyzed mice in which Smad2 is deleted in cartilage (Smad2CKO), global Smad3-/- mutants, and crosses of these strains. Growth plates at birth from all mutant strains exhibited expanded columnar and hypertrophic zones, linked to increased proliferation in resting chondrocytes. Defects were more severe in Smad2CKO and Smad2CKO;Smad3-/-(Smad2/3) mutant mice than in Smad3-/- mice, demonstrating that Smad2 plays a role in chondrogenesis. Increased levels of Ihh RNA, a key regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, were seen in prehypertrophic chondrocytes in the three mutant strains at birth. In accordance, TGFβ treatment decreased Ihh RNA levels in primary chondrocytes from control (Smad2fx/fx) mice, but inhibition was impaired in cells from mutants. Consistent with the skeletal phenotype, the impact on TGFβ-mediated inhibition of Ihh RNA expression was more severe in Smad2CKO than in Smad3-/- cells. Putative Smad2/3 binding elements (SBEs) were identified in the proximal Ihh promoter. Mutagenesis demonstrated a role for three of them. ChIP analysis suggested that Smad2 and Smad3 have different affinities for these SBEs, and that the repressors SnoN and Ski were differentially recruited by Smad2 and Smad3, respectively. Furthermore, nuclear localization of the repressor Hdac4 was decreased in growth plates of Smad2CKO and double mutant mice. TGFβ induced association of Hdac4 with Smad2, but not with Smad3, on the Ihh promoter. Overall, these studies revealed that Smad2 plays an essential role in the development of the growth plate, that both Smads 2 and 3 inhibit Ihh expression in the neonatal growth plate, and suggested they accomplish this by binding to distinct SBEs, mediating assembly of distinct repressive complexes. The cartilage growth plate regulates the size and shape of nearly every skeletal element in the body. TGFβs are potent inducers of cartilage formation, but the mechanisms by which they transduce their signals in cartilage during development are poorly understood. Similarly, there is strong evidence that dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway increases the risk for osteoarthritis (OA) in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. TGFβs transduce their signals through a canonical pathway involving Smad2 and Smad3, and through several non-canonical pathways. However, the roles of canonical vs. noncanonical signaling are unknown in cartilage because the combined roles of Smad2 and Smad3 have not been determined. We generated mice lacking both Smad2 and Smad3 in cartilage in order to determine the role of canonical TGFβ signaling during embryonic development. We determined that Smad2 has a more prominent role than Smad3 in non-hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate, and identified elevated levels of Ihh RNA in neonatal cartilage in Smad2 and Smad3 mutants. These findings may be important because Ihh is a vital regulator of cartilage proliferation and differentiation during cartilage development. More generally, the studies identify how Smad2 and Smad3 can regulate a common target gene through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Buer Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Teni Anbarchian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Shirazyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua E. Sadik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Madej W, van Caam A, Blaney Davidson E, Buma P, van der Kraan PM. Unloading results in rapid loss of TGFβ signaling in articular cartilage: role of loading-induced TGFβ signaling in maintenance of articular chondrocyte phenotype? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1807-1815. [PMID: 27268943 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently it was shown that loading of articular cartilage explants activates TGFβ signaling. Here we investigated if in vivo chondrocytes express permanently high TGFβ signaling, and the consequence of the loss of compressive loading-mediated TGFβ signaling on chondrocyte function and phenotype. METHOD Bovine articular cartilage explants were collected within 10 min post mortem and stained immediately and after 30, 60 and 360 min for phosphorylated-Smad2, indicating active TGFβ signaling. Explants were unloaded for 48 h and subsequently repeatedly loaded with a compressive load of 3 MPa. In addition, explants were cultured unloaded for 2 weeks and the effect of loading or exogenous TGFβ on proteoglycan level and chondrocyte phenotype (Col10a1 mRNA expression) was analyzed. RESULTS Unloading of articular cartilage results in rapid loss of TGFβ signaling while subsequent compressive loading swiftly restored this. Loading and exogenous TGFβ enhanced expression of TGFβ1 and ALK5. Unloading of explants for 2 weeks resulted in proteoglycan loss and increased Col10a1 expression. Both loading and exogenous TGFβ inhibited elevated Col10a1 expression but not proteoglycan loss. CONCLUSION Our data might imply that in vivo regular physiological loading of articular cartilage leads to enduring TGFβ signaling and TGFβ-induced gene expression. We propose a hypothetical model in which loading activates a self-perpetuating system that prevents hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes and is crucial for cartilage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Madej
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A van Caam
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Blaney Davidson
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Buma
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Zic2mutation causes holoprosencephaly via disruption of NODAL signalling. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3946-3959. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Choudhary P, Gutteridge A, Impey E, Storer RI, Owen RM, Whiting PJ, Bictash M, Benn CL. Targeting the cAMP and Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway Increases Proliferation to Promote Re-Epithelialization of Human Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:925-37. [PMID: 27112176 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell integrity is critical to the maintenance of retinal function. Many retinopathies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are caused by the degeneration or malfunction of the RPE cell layer. Replacement of diseased RPE with healthy, stem cell-derived RPE is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating AMD. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated into RPE progeny have the potential to provide an unlimited supply of cells for transplantation, but challenges around scalability and efficiency of the differentiation process still remain. Using hESC-derived RPE as a cellular model, we sought to understand mechanisms that could be modulated to increase RPE yield after differentiation. We show that RPE epithelialization is a density-dependent process, and cells seeded at low density fail to epithelialize. We demonstrate that activation of the cAMP pathway increases proliferation of dissociated RPE in culture, in part through inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. This results in enhanced uptake of epithelial identity, even in cultures seeded at low density. In line with these findings, targeted manipulation of the TGF-β pathway with small molecules produces an increase in efficiency of RPE re-epithelialization. Taken together, these data highlight mechanisms that promote epithelial fate acquisition in stem cell-derived RPE. Modulation of these pathways has the potential to favorably impact scalability and clinical translation of hESC-derived RPE as a cell therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is currently being evaluated as a cell-replacement therapy for macular degeneration. This work shows that the process of generating RPE in vitro is regulated by the cAMP and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Modulation of these pathways by small molecules, as identified by phenotypic screening, leads to an increased efficiency of generating RPE cells with a higher yield. This can have a potential impact on manufacturing transplantation-ready cells at large scale and is advantageous for clinical studies using this approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Choudhary
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gutteridge
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Impey
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Ian Storer
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Owen
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Whiting
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Bictash
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L Benn
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Functional interaction between COL4A1/COL4A2 and SMAD3 risk loci for coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:543-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Noguchi S, Eitoku M, Moriya S, Kondo S, Kiyosawa H, Watanabe T, Suganuma N. Regulation of Gene Expression by Sodium Valproate in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Lung 2015; 193:691-700. [PMID: 26286207 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism in cancer metastasis and pulmonary fibrosis. Previous studies demonstrated effect of histone H3 and H4 acetylation in cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, so we hypothesized that histone modification might play a crucial role in gene regulation during EMT. In this study, we investigated the mechanism behind EMT by analyzing comprehensive gene expression and the effect of sodium valproate (VPA), a class I histone deacetylase inhibitory drug, on histone modification. METHODS EMT was induced in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) using 5 ng/mL of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Various concentrations of VPA were then administered, and Western blotting was used to analyze histone acetylation or methylation. Comprehensive gene expression analysis was carried out by RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed with an anti-acetyl histone H3 lysine 27 antibody. RESULTS TGF-β1 stimulation led to a decrease in histone acetylation, especially that of histone H3K27, and H3K27ac localization was decreased at particular gene loci. This decrease was recovered by VPA treatment, which also up-regulated the mRNA expression of genes down-regulated by TGF-β1, and correlated with the localization of H3K27ac. However, genes up-regulated by TGF-β1 stimulation were not suppressed by VPA, with the exception of COL1A1. CONCLUSIONS Histone acetylation was down-regulated by TGF-β1 stimulation in A549 cells. VPA partially inhibited EMT and the decrease of histone acetylation, which plays an important role in the progression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Noguchi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Moriya
- Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kiyosawa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Organization for Regional Alliances, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
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The high affinity ALK1-ligand BMP9 induces a hypertrophy-like state in chondrocytes that is antagonized by TGFβ1. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:985-95. [PMID: 25681563 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In osteoarthritic cartilage, expression of the receptor ALK1 correlates with markers of deleterious chondrocyte hypertrophy. Recently, bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) was identified as a high affinity ligand for ALK1. Therefore, we studied if BMP9 signaling results in expression of hypertrophy markers in chondrocytes. Furthermore, because transforming growth factorß1 (TGFβ1) is a well known anti-hypertrophic factor, the interaction between BMP9 and TGFβ1 signaling was also studied. DESIGN Primary chondrocytes were isolated from bovine cartilage and stimulated with BMP9 and/or TGFβ1 to measure intracellular signaling via pSmads with the use of Western blot. Expression of Smad-responsive genes or hypertrophy-marker genes was measured using qPCR. To confirm observations on TGFβ/Smad3 responsive genes, a Smad3-dependent CAGA12-luc transcriptional reporter assay was performed in the chondrocyte G6 cell line. RESULTS In primary chondrocytes, BMP9 potently induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5 and Smad2 to a lesser extent. BMP9-induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation was rapidly (2 h) reflected in gene expression, whereas Smad2 phosphorylation was not. Remarkably, BMP9 and TGFβ1 dose-dependently synergized on Smad2 phosphorylation, and showed an additive effect on expression of Smad3-dependent genes like bSerpine1 after 24 h. The activation of the TGFβ/Smad3 signaling cascade was confirmed using the CAGA12-luc transcriptional reporter. BMP9 selectively induced bAlpl and bColX expression, which are considered early markers of cellular hypertrophy, but this was potently antagonized by addition of a low dose of TGFβ1. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that in vitro in chondrocytes, BMP9 potently induces pSmad1/5 and a chondrocyte hypertrophy-like state, which is potently blocked by TGFβ1. This observation underlines the importance of TGFβ1 in maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype.
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Kwon H, Lee YS, Kim MO, Chang MY, Won BM, Jin BS, Park S. Smad-induced alterations of matrix metabolism by a myristoyl tetra peptide. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:665-74. [PMID: 25289880 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is essential for tissue homeostasis and function. We screened a small peptide that induces ECM protein synthesis for its usefulness in protecting keratinocytes. In this report, we demonstrate that myristoyl tetrapeptide Ala-Ala-Pro-Val (mAAPV) stimulates the expression of ECM proteins and inhibits the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade ECM proteins in Hs68 human fibroblast cells. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms for the effects of mAAVP, we investigated the changes in gene expression in the presence of mAAPV using a cDNA microarray. Treatment with mAAPV resulted in decreased expression of MMP-related genes such as MMP1, MMP3, TIMP1 and TIMP3 and increased expression of collagen genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1 and COL6A3. The pattern of gene expression regulated by mAAPV was very similar to that of gene expression induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, indicating that the TGF-β signaling pathway is crucial for simultaneous activation of several ECM-related genes by mAAPV. We examined whether the activation of SMAD, a downstream protein of TGF-β receptor, is involved in the signal transduction pathway induced by mAAPV. The results demonstrate that mAAVP directly activates SMAD2 and induces SMAD3 to bind to DNA. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that mAAPV both enhances the expression of collagen and inhibits its degradation via production of protease inhibitors that prevent enzymatic breakdown of the ECM. The results suggest that mAAPV would be a useful ECM-protecting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoung Kwon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A Smad3 and TTF-1/NKX2-1 complex regulates Smad4-independent gene expression. Cell Res 2014; 24:994-1008. [PMID: 25060702 PMCID: PMC4123303 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1, also known as NKX2-1) is a tissue-specific transcription factor in lung epithelial cells. Although TTF-1 inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in lung adenocarcinoma cells, the mechanism through which TTF-1 inhibits the functions of TGF-β is unknown. Here we show that TTF-1 disrupts the nuclear Smad3-Smad4 complex without affecting the nuclear localization of phospho-Smad3. Genome-wide analysis by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed that TTF-1 colocalizes with Smad3 on chromatin and alters Smad3-binding patterns throughout the genome, while TTF-1 generally inhibits Smad4 binding to chromatin. Moreover, Smad3 binds to chromatin together with TTF-1, but not with Smad4, at some Smad3-binding regions when TGF-β signaling is absent, and knockdown of Smad4 expression does not attenuate Smad3 binding in these regions. Thus, TTF-1 may compete with Smad4 for interaction with Smad3, and in the presence of TTF-1, Smad3 regulates the transcription of certain genes independently of Smad4. These findings provide a new model of regulation of TGF-β-Smad signaling by TTF-1.
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Arase M, Horiguchi K, Ehata S, Morikawa M, Tsutsumi S, Aburatani H, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Transforming growth factor-β-induced lncRNA-Smad7 inhibits apoptosis of mouse breast cancer JygMC(A) cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:974-82. [PMID: 24863656 PMCID: PMC4317863 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β exhibits both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic effects on epithelial cells in a context-dependent manner. The anti-apoptotic function of TGF-β is mediated by several downstream regulatory mechanisms, and has been implicated in the tumor-progressive phenotype of breast cancer cells. We conducted RNA sequencing of mouse mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and identified a long non-coding RNA, termed lncRNA-Smad7, which has anti-apoptotic functions, as a target of TGF-β. lncRNA-Smad7 was located adjacent to the mouse Smad7 gene, and its expression was induced by TGF-β in all of the mouse mammary gland epithelial cell lines and breast cancer cell lines that we evaluated. Suppression of lncRNA-Smad7 expression cancelled the anti-apoptotic function of TGF-β. In contrast, forced expression of lncRNA-Smad7 rescued apoptosis induced by a TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor in the mouse breast cancer cell line JygMC(A). The anti-apoptotic effect of lncRNA-Smad7 appeared to occur independently of the transcriptional regulation by TGF-β of anti-apoptotic DEC1 and pro-apoptotic Bim proteins. Small interfering RNA for lncRNA-Smad7 did not alter the process of TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, phosphorylation of Smad2 or expression of the Smad7 gene, suggesting that the contribution of this lncRNA to TGF-β functions may be restricted to apoptosis. Our findings suggest a complex mechanism for regulating the anti-apoptotic and tumor-progressive aspects of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Arase
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sato M, Kadota M, Tang B, Yang HH, Yang YA, Shan M, Weng J, Welsh MA, Flanders KC, Nagano Y, Michalowski AM, Clifford RJ, Lee MP, Wakefield LM. An integrated genomic approach identifies persistent tumor suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-β in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R57. [PMID: 24890385 PMCID: PMC4095608 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) play a dual role in breast cancer, with context-dependent tumor-suppressive or pro-oncogenic effects. TGF-β antagonists are showing promise in early-phase clinical oncology trials to neutralize the pro-oncogenic effects. However, there is currently no way to determine whether the tumor-suppressive effects of TGF-β are still active in human breast tumors at the time of surgery and treatment, a situation that could lead to adverse therapeutic responses. METHODS Using a breast cancer progression model that exemplifies the dual role of TGF-β, promoter-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic approaches were applied to identify a core set of TGF-β-regulated genes that specifically reflect only the tumor-suppressor arm of the pathway. The clinical significance of this signature and the underlying biology were investigated using bioinformatic analyses in clinical breast cancer datasets, and knockdown validation approaches in tumor xenografts. RESULTS TGF-β-driven tumor suppression was highly dependent on Smad3, and Smad3 target genes that were specifically enriched for involvement in tumor suppression were identified. Patterns of Smad3 binding reflected the preexisting active chromatin landscape, and target genes were frequently regulated in opposite directions in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the strong contextuality of TGF-β action. An in vivo-weighted TGF-β/Smad3 tumor-suppressor signature was associated with good outcome in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cohorts. TGF-β/Smad3 effects on cell proliferation, differentiation and ephrin signaling contributed to the observed tumor suppression. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-suppressive effects of TGF-β persist in some breast cancer patients at the time of surgery and affect clinical outcome. Carefully tailored in vitro/in vivo genomic approaches can identify such patients for exclusion from treatment with TGF-β antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Sato
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kadota
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Genome Resource and Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Binwu Tang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yu-an Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mengge Shan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jia Weng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael A Welsh
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen C Flanders
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nagano
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Aleksandra M Michalowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert J Clifford
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring MD 2091, 0USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Polini A, Prodanov L, Bhise NS, Manoharan V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Organs-on-a-chip: a new tool for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:335-52. [PMID: 24620821 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.886562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of emerging in vitro tissue culture platforms can be useful for predicting human response to new compounds, which has been traditionally challenging in the field of drug discovery. Recently, several in vitro tissue-like microsystems, also known as 'organs-on-a-chip', have emerged to provide new tools for better evaluating the effects of various chemicals on human tissue. AREAS COVERED The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the organs-on-a-chip systems that have been recently developed. First, the authors introduce single-organ platforms, focusing on the most studied organs such as liver, heart, blood vessels and lung. Later, the authors briefly describe tumor-on-a-chip platforms and highlight their application for testing anti-cancer drugs. Finally, the article reports a few examples of other organs integrated in microfluidic chips along with preliminary multiple-organs-on-a-chip examples. The article also highlights key fabrication points as well as the main application areas of these devices. EXPERT OPINION This field is still at an early stage and major challenges need to be addressed prior to the embracement of these technologies by the pharmaceutical industry. To produce predictive drug screening platforms, several organs have to be integrated into a single microfluidic system representative of a humanoid. The routine production of metabolic biomarkers of the organ constructs, as well as their physical environment, have to be monitored prior to and during the delivery of compounds of interest to be able to translate the findings into useful discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Polini
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA
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Quantitative transcriptomics using designed primer-based amplification. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1740. [PMID: 23624976 PMCID: PMC3638165 DOI: 10.1038/srep01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel Designed Primer-based RNA-sequencing strategy (DP-seq) that uses a defined set of heptamer primers to amplify the majority of expressed transcripts from limiting amounts of mRNA, while preserving their relative abundance. Our strategy reproducibly yielded high levels of amplification from as low as 50 picograms of mRNA while offering a dynamic range of over five orders of magnitude in RNA concentrations. We also demonstrated the potential of DP-seq to selectively suppress the amplification of the highly expressing ribosomal transcripts by more than 70% in our sequencing library. Using lineage segregation in embryonic stem cell cultures as a model of early mammalian embryogenesis, DP-seq revealed novel sets of low abundant transcripts, some corresponding to the identity of cellular progeny before they arise, reflecting the specification of cell fate prior to actual germ layer segregation.
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Duncan MB, Yang C, Tanjore H, Boyle PM, Keskin D, Sugimoto H, Zeisberg M, Olsen BR, Kalluri R. Type XVIII collagen is essential for survival during acute liver injury in mice. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:942-51. [PMID: 23580202 PMCID: PMC3701214 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.011577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative response to drug- and toxin-induced liver injury induces changes to the hepatic stroma, including the extracellular matrix. Although the extracellular matrix is known to undergo changes during the injury response, its impact on maintaining hepatocyte function and viability in this process remains largely unknown. We demonstrate that recovery from toxin-mediated injury is impaired in mice deficient in a key liver extracellular matrix molecule, type XVIII collagen, and results in rapid death. The type-XVIII-collagen-dependent response to liver injury is mediated by survival signals induced by α1β1 integrin, integrin linked kinase and the Akt pathway, and mice deficient in either α1β1 integrin or hepatocyte integrin linked kinase also succumb to toxic liver injury. These findings demonstrate that type XVIII collagen is an important functional component of the liver matrix microenvironment and is crucial for hepatocyte survival during injury and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Duncan
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Mercer PF, Chambers RC. New tale for an old fox in IPF? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L466-8. [PMID: 23316070 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00286.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Saito A, Suzuki HI, Horie M, Ohshima M, Morishita Y, Abiko Y, Nagase T. An integrated expression profiling reveals target genes of TGF-β and TNF-α possibly mediated by microRNAs in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56587. [PMID: 23437179 PMCID: PMC3577886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) is crucial for cancer cells to acquire invasive phenotypes. In A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, TGF-β elicited EMT in Smad-dependent manner and TNF-α accelerated this process, as confirmed by cell morphology, expression of EMT markers, capacity of gelatin lysis and cell invasion. TNF-α stimulated the phosphorylation of Smad2 linker region, and this effect was attenuated by inhibiting MEK or JNK pathway. Comprehensive expression analysis unraveled genes differentially regulated by TGF-β and TNF-α, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and ECM (extracellular matrices), suggesting the drastic change in autocrine/paracrine signals as well as cell-to-ECM interactions. Integrated analysis of microRNA signature enabled us to identify a subset of genes, potentially regulated by microRNAs. Among them, we confirmed TGF-β-mediated induction of miR-23a in lung epithelial cell lines, target genes of which were further identified by gene expression profiling. Combined with in silico approaches, we determined HMGN2 as a downstream target of miR-23a. These findings provide a line of evidence that the effects of TGF-β and TNF-α were partially mediated by microRNAs, and shed light on the complexity of molecular events elicited by TGF-β and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hong S, Kim HY, Kim J, Ha HT, Kim YM, Bae E, Kim TH, Lee KC, Kim SJ. Smad7 protein induces interferon regulatory factor 1-dependent transcriptional activation of caspase 8 to restore tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3560-70. [PMID: 23255602 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad7 has been known as a negative regulator for the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway through feedback regulation. However, Smad7 has been suspected to have other biological roles through the regulation of gene transcription. By screening differentially regulated genes, we found that the caspase 8 gene was highly up-regulated in Smad7-expressing cells. Smad7 was able to activate the caspase 8 promoter through recruitment of the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) transcription factor to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) site. Interaction of Smad7 on the caspase 8 promoter was confirmed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment. Interestingly, Smad7 did not directly interact with the ISRE site, but it increased the binding activity of IRF1 with ISRE. These results support that Smad7 recruits IRF1 protein on the caspase 8 promoter and functions as a transcriptional coactivator. To confirm the biological significance of caspase 8 up-regulation, we tested tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cell death assay in breast cancer cells. Smad7 in apoptosis-resistant MCF7 cells markedly sensitized the cells to TRAIL-induced cell death by restoring the caspase cascade. Furthermore, restoration of caspase 8-mediated apoptosis pathway repressed the tumor growth in the xenograft model. In conclusion, we suggest a novel role for Smad7 as a transcriptional coactivator for caspase 8 through the interaction with IRF1 in regulation of the cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suntaek Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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