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The Genetic Variants in the Renin-Angiotensin System and the Risk of Heart Failure in Polish Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071257. [PMID: 35886041 PMCID: PMC9319667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex disease and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of HF. (2) Aim: To investigate the association of RAS key genetic variants, rs5051 (A-6G) in the gene encoding angiotensinogen (AGT), rs4646994 (I/D) in the gene for angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), and rs5186 (A1166C) in the gene encoding type 1 receptor for angiotensin II (AGTR1), with the HF risk in the cohort of Polish patients. (3) Methods: The study group consisted of 415 patients that were diagnosed with HF, while the control group comprised of 152 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA were extracted from blood and genotyping was carried out using either PCR or PCR-RFLP for ACE or AGT and AGTR1 variants, respectively. (4) Results: No association has been found between the I/D ACE and heart failure. The HF risk was significantly higher for AG AGT heterozygotes (overdominance: AG versus AA + GG) and for carriers of the G AGT allele in codominant and dominant modes of inheritance. However, the risk of HF was significantly lower in the carriers of at least one C AGTR1 allele (AC or CC genotypes) or in AC AGTR1 heterozygotes (overdominant mode). There was a significant relationship for AGT and HF patients in NYHA Class I-II for whom the risk was higher for the carriers of the G allele, and for the AG heterozygotes. There was also a significant interaction between heterozygote advantage of AGT and BMI increasing the risk for HF. (5) Conclusion: Our results suggest that the A(-6)G AGT polymorphism may be associated with HF in the Polish population and the HF risk seems to be modulated by the A1166C AGTR1 polymorphism.
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Signori D, Magliocca A, Hayashida K, Graw JA, Malhotra R, Bellani G, Berra L, Rezoagli E. Inhaled nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases. Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 35754072 PMCID: PMC9234017 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in the biology of human life. NO is involved in the physiology of organ viability and in the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction, respectively. In this narrative review, we aimed at elucidating the mechanisms behind the role of NO in the respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular systems, in the presence of a healthy or dysfunctional endothelium. NO is a key player in maintaining multiorgan viability with adequate organ blood perfusion. We report on its physiological endogenous production and effects in the circulation and within the lungs, as well as the pathophysiological implication of its disturbances related to NO depletion and excess. The review covers from preclinical information about endogenous NO produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to the potential therapeutic role of exogenous NO (inhaled nitric oxide, iNO). Moreover, the importance of NO in several clinical conditions in critically ill patients such as hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, hemolysis, cerebrovascular events and ischemia-reperfusion syndrome is evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Accordingly, the mechanism behind the beneficial iNO treatment in hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension is investigated. Furthermore, investigating the pathophysiology of brain injury, cardiopulmonary bypass, and red blood cell and artificial hemoglobin transfusion provides a focus on the potential role of NO as a protective molecule in multiorgan dysfunction. Finally, the preclinical toxicology of iNO and the antimicrobial role of NO-including its recent investigation on its role against the Sars-CoV2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic-are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Signori
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Department of Medical Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan A Graw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, CCM/CVK Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- ARDS/ECMO Centrum Charité, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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Gong HT, Mu LY, Zhang T, Xu XY, Du FH. Association of mononucleotide polymorphisms of angiotensinogen gene at promoter region with antihypertensive response to angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertensive Chinese. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2019; 20:1470320319827205. [PMID: 30798697 PMCID: PMC6362516 DOI: 10.1177/1470320319827205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate whether mononucleotide polymorphisms of the
angiotensinogen gene at promoter were associated with the
blood-pressure-lowering response to telmisartan treatment. Materials and methods: After a two-week single-blind placebo run-in period, 148 patients with
mild-to-moderate primary hypertension received monotherapy with 80 mg/day of
telmisartan and then were followed up for eight weeks. The -6A/G and -20A/C
polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene at promoter were determined
through polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length
polymorphsim analysis. The relationship between these polymorphisms and
changes in blood pressure was observed and evaluated after eight weeks of
treatment. Results: There were no significant differences between -6A/G, -20A/C polymorphisms of
the angiotensinogen gene and blood pressure reductions after treatment,
p>0.05. Conclusion: It is suggested that angiotensinogen-6 A/G and angiotensinogen-20 A/C
polymorphisms were not associated with the antihypertensive response to
telmisartan treatment in Chinese patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying Mu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ying Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-He Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, People's Republic of China
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Alaee E, Mirahmadi M, Ghasemi M, Kashani E, Attar M, Shahbazi M. Association study of M235T and A-6G polymorphisms in angiotensinogen gene with risk of developing preeclampsia in Iranian population. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 83:418-425. [PMID: 31090060 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that accounts for 12% of all maternal deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between the polymorphisms of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 240 unrelated preeclampsia patients and 178 normotensive women were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted then we assessed M235T(C/T) and A-6G polymorphisms of the AGT gene. Genotyping of M235T and A-6G polymorphisms were performed using SSP-PCR and MS-PCR, respectively. RESULTS A significant protective association was observed between A-6G G allele, A-6G A/G heterozygote genotype (OR = 0.6, p = 0.007 and OR = 0.6, p = 0.04) against PE. Furthermore, it was shown that two copies of A-6G A allele would increase PE risk (OR: 0.62, p = 0.04). Our results did not show a significant association for M235T polymorphism and PE. However, the combinations of A-6G A/A genotype and M235T T/C genotype (OR = 0.4, p = 0.02) and also A-6G A/G genotype and M235T T/C genotype (OR = 0.5, p = 0.04) in controls represented a significant protective association against PE. CONCLUSION According to the existence of significant correlation between two candidate polymorphisms, A-6G and M235T polymorphisms, with PE disease in our study, they may be considered as valuable factors in susceptibility to PE disease in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alaee
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmadi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ghasemi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Kashani
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan, University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Attar
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,AryaTinaGene, Biopharmaceutical Company, Gorgan, Iran
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Wang Z, Peng X, Li M, Jin F, Zhang B, Wang H, Wei Y. Is human cytomegalovirus infection associated with essential hypertension? A meta-analysis of 11,878 participants. J Med Virol 2015; 88:852-8. [PMID: 26399974 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoguang Wang
- Department of Hypertension; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Peng
- Department of Hypertension; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Hypertension; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Fei Jin
- Department of Hypertension; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Hypertension; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hypertension; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Hypertension; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
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Jagu B, Charpentier F, Toumaniantz G. Identifying potential functional impact of mutations and polymorphisms: linking heart failure, increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Front Physiol 2013; 4:254. [PMID: 24065925 PMCID: PMC3778269 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians have discovered several important concepts regarding the mechanisms responsible for increased risk of arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. One major step in defining the molecular basis of normal and abnormal cardiac electrical behavior has been the identification of single mutations that greatly increase the risk for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death by changing channel-gating characteristics. Indeed, mutations in several genes encoding ion channels, such as SCN5A, which encodes the major cardiac Na+ channel, have emerged as the basis for a variety of inherited cardiac arrhythmias such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, progressive cardiac conduction disorder, sinus node dysfunction, or sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, genes encoding ion channel accessory proteins, like anchoring or chaperone proteins, which modify the expression, the regulation of endocytosis, and the degradation of ion channel a-subunits have also been reported as susceptibility genes for arrhythmic syndromes. The regulation of ion channel protein expression also depends on a fine-tuned balance among different other mechanisms, such as gene transcription, RNA processing, post-transcriptional control of gene expression by miRNA, protein synthesis, assembly and post-translational modification and trafficking. The aim of this review is to inventory, through the description of few representative examples, the role of these different biogenic mechanisms in arrhythmogenesis, HF and SCD in order to help the researcher to identify all the processes that could lead to arrhythmias. Identification of novel targets for drug intervention should result from further understanding of these fundamental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jagu
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, IRS-UN Nantes, France ; CNRS, UMR6291 Nantes, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes Nantes, France
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