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Zhang J, Zhuang Y, Feng C, Li X, Chen K, Han L, Wang Y, Zhu X, Yang M, Yin G, Lin J, Zhang X. Inverse design of skull osteoinductive implants with multi-level pore structures through machine learning. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39246118 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
How to accurately design a personalized matching implant that can induce skull regeneration is the focus of current research. However, the design space for the porous structure of implants is extensive, and the mapping relationships between these structures and their mechanical and osteogenic properties are complex. At present, the forward design of skull implants mainly relies on expert experience, leading to high cost and a lengthy process, while the existing inverse design approaches face challenges due to data dependence and manufacturing process errors. This study presents an efficient inverse design method for personalized multilevel structures of skull implants using a machine learning pipeline composed of a finite element method, topological optimization, and neural networks. Based on the mechanical response of the human body falls, this method can tailor multi-level structures for implants in various defect positions. The results show that the proposed method establishes a bidirectional relationship between topological parameters and mechanical properties, enabling the customization of mechanical behavior at low computational cost while accounting for manufacturing errors in the 3D printing process. Additionally, the design results are also mutually consistent with analytical relationships between lattice parameters and the elastic modulus obtained from experiments and finite element simulations. Thus, this study provides a general and practical approach to rapidly design skull osteoinductive implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cong Feng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiangfeng Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingli Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiangli Lin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Genome of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Pandit A, Indurkar A, Locs J, Haugen HJ, Loca D. Calcium Phosphates: A Key to Next-Generation In Vitro Bone Modeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401307. [PMID: 39175382 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The replication of bone physiology under laboratory conditions is a prime target behind the development of in vitro bone models. The model should be robust enough to elicit an unbiased response when stimulated experimentally, giving reproducible outcomes. In vitro bone tissue generation majorly requires the availability of cellular components, the presence of factors promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation, efficient nutrient supply, and a supporting matrix for the cells to anchor - gaining predefined topology. Calcium phosphates (CaP) are difficult to ignore while considering the above requirements of a bone model. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of CaP in developing an in vitro bone model addressing the prerequisites of bone tissue generation. Special emphasis is given to the physico-chemical properties of CaP that promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis and provide sufficient mechanical strength for load-bearing applications. Finally, the future course of action is discussed to ensure efficient utilization of CaP in the in vitro bone model development field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Pandit
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Abhishek Indurkar
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Janis Locs
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | | | - Dagnija Loca
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
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Schamberger B, Ehrig S, Dechat T, Spitzer S, Bidan CM, Fratzl P, Dunlop JWC, Roschger A. Twisted-plywood-like tissue formation in vitro. Does curvature do the twist? PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae121. [PMID: 38590971 PMCID: PMC10999733 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of 3D surface geometry to the development of multilayered tissues containing fibrous extracellular matrix components, such as those found in bone. In this study, we elucidate the role of curvature in the formation of chiral, twisted-plywood-like structures. Tissues consisting of murine preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were grown on 3D scaffolds with constant-mean curvature and negative Gaussian curvature for up to 32 days. Using 3D fluorescence microscopy, the influence of surface curvature on actin stress-fiber alignment and chirality was investigated. To gain mechanistic insights, we did experiments with MC3T3-E1 cells deficient in nuclear A-type lamins or treated with drugs targeting cytoskeleton proteins. We find that wild-type cells form a thick tissue with fibers predominantly aligned along directions of negative curvature, but exhibiting a twist in orientation with respect to older tissues. Fiber orientation is conserved below the tissue surface, thus creating a twisted-plywood-like material. We further show that this alignment pattern strongly depends on the structural components of the cells (A-type lamins, actin, and myosin), showing a role of mechanosensing on tissue organization. Our data indicate the importance of substrate curvature in the formation of 3D tissues and provide insights into the emergence of chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schamberger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Ehrig
- Laboratory of Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dechat
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Spitzer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile M Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W C Dunlop
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Ozanne H, Moubri L, Abou-Nassif L, Thoumire O, Echalard A, Morin-Grognet S, Atmani H, Ladam G, Labat B. Active Osteoblasts or Quiescent Bone Lining Cells? Preosteoblasts Fate Orchestrated by Curvature and Stiffness of an In Vitro 2.5D Biomimetic Culture System. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302222. [PMID: 37929897 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic cell culture systems are required to provide more physiologically relevant microenvironments for bone cells. Here, a simple 2.5D culture platform is proposed, combining adjustable stiffness and surface features that mimic bone topography by using sandpaper grits as master molds with two stiffness formulations of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The subsequent replicas perfectly conform the grits and reproduce the corresponding negative relief with cavities separated by convex edges. Biomimicry is also provided by an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like thin film coating, using the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. The topographical features, alternating concave, and convex structures drive preosteoblasts organization and morphology. Strikingly, curvature orchestrates the commitment of preosteoblasts, with i) maturation to active osteoblasts able to produce a dense collagenous matrix that ultimately mineralizes in the cavities, and ii) edges hosting quiescent cells that synthetize a very thin immature collagen layer with no mineralization. In summary, the present in vitro culture system model offers a cell-instructive 2.5D microenvironment that controls preosteoblasts fate, leading to two coexisting subpopulations: mature osteoblasts and bone lining cells (BLC). This promising culture system opens new avenues to advanced tissue-engineered modeling and can be applied to precellularized bone biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Ozanne
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Loïc Moubri
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Léa Abou-Nassif
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Olivier Thoumire
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Aline Echalard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | | | - Hassan Atmani
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Guy Ladam
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Béatrice Labat
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
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Liang B, Sadeghian Dehkord E, Van Hede D, Barzegari M, Verlée B, Pirson J, Nolens G, Lambert F, Geris L. Model-Based Design to Enhance Neotissue Formation in Additively Manufactured Calcium-Phosphate-Based Scaffolds. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:563. [PMID: 38132817 PMCID: PMC10744304 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14120563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering, optimizing scaffold structure and composition remains an active field of research. Additive manufacturing has enabled the production of custom designs in a variety of materials. This study aims to improve the design of calcium-phosphate-based additively manufactured scaffolds, the material of choice in oral bone regeneration, by using a combination of in silico and in vitro tools. Computer models are increasingly used to assist in design optimization by providing a rational way of merging different requirements into a single design. The starting point for this study was an in-house developed in silico model describing the in vitro formation of neotissue, i.e., cells and the extracellular matrix they produced. The level set method was applied to simulate the interface between the neotissue and the void space inside the scaffold pores. In order to calibrate the model, a custom disk-shaped scaffold was produced with prismatic canals of different geometries (circle, hexagon, square, triangle) and inner diameters (0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm). The disks were produced with three biomaterials (hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and a blend of both). After seeding with skeletal progenitor cells and a cell culture for up to 21 days, the extent of neotissue growth in the disks' canals was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. The results clearly demonstrated that in the presence of calcium-phosphate-based materials, the curvature-based growth principle was maintained. Bayesian optimization was used to determine the model parameters for the different biomaterials used. Subsequently, the calibrated model was used to predict neotissue growth in a 3D gyroid structure. The predicted results were in line with the experimentally obtained ones, demonstrating the potential of the calibrated model to be used as a tool in the design and optimization of 3D-printed calcium-phosphate-based biomaterials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Liang
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.L.); (E.S.D.)
| | - Ehsan Sadeghian Dehkord
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.L.); (E.S.D.)
- Prometheus, The R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien Van Hede
- Department of Periodontology Oral Surgery and Implant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.V.H.); (F.L.)
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mojtaba Barzegari
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Bruno Verlée
- Department of Additive Manufacturing, Sirris Liège, 4100 Seraing, Belgium;
| | | | - Grégory Nolens
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology Oral Surgery and Implant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.V.H.); (F.L.)
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.L.); (E.S.D.)
- Prometheus, The R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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Li L, Wang P, Liang H, Jin J, Zhang Y, Shi J, Zhang Y, He S, Mao H, Xue B, Lai J, Zhu L, Jiang Q. Design of a Haversian system-like gradient porous scaffold based on triply periodic minimal surfaces for promoting bone regeneration. J Adv Res 2023; 54:89-104. [PMID: 36632888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bone ingrowth depth in the porous scaffolds is greatly affected by the structural design, notably the pore size, pore geometry, and the pore distribution. To enhance the bone regeneration capability of scaffolds, the bionic design can be regarded as a potential solution. OBJECTIVES We proposed a Haversian system-like gradient structure based on the triply periodic minimal surface architectures with pore size varying from the edge to the center. And its effects in promoting bone regeneration were evaluated in the study. METHODS The gradient scaffold was designed using the triply periodic minimal surface architectures. The mechanical properties were analyzed by the finite element simulation and confirmed using the universal machine. The fluid characteristics were calculated by the computational fluid dynamics analysis. The bone regeneration process was simulated using a in silico computational model containing the main biological, physical, and chemical variation during the bone growth process. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to verify the actual osteogenic effect. RESULTS Compared to the uniform scaffold, the biomimetic gradient scaffold demonstrated better performance in stress conduction and reduced stress shielding effects. The fluid features were appropriate for cell migration and flow diffusion, and the permeability was in the same order of magnitude with the natural bone. The bone ingrowth simulation exhibited improved angiogenesis and bone regeneration. Higher expression of the osteogenesis-related genes, higher alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased mineralization could be observed on the gradient scaffold in the in vitro study. The 12-week in vivo study proved that the gradient scaffold had deeper bone inserting depth and a more stable bone-scaffold interface. CONCLUSION The Haversian system-like gradient structure can effectively promote the bone regeneration. This structural design can be used as a new solution for the clinical application of prosthesis design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Huixin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Siyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, No. 2 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiancheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6104, USA
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210000, China.
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Bouakaz I, Drouet C, Grossin D, Cobraiville E, Nolens G. Hydroxyapatite 3D-printed scaffolds with Gyroid-Triply periodic minimal surface porous structure: Fabrication and an in vivo pilot study in sheep. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:580-595. [PMID: 37673232 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair is a major challenge in regenerative medicine, e.g. for large defects. There is a need for bioactive, highly percolating bone substitutes favoring bone ingrowth and tissue healing. Here, a modern 3D printing approach (VAT photopolymerization) was exploited to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with a Gyroid-"Triply periodic minimal surface" (TPMS) porous structure (65% porosity, 90.5% HA densification) inspired from trabecular bone. Percolation and absorption capacities were analyzed in gaseous and liquid conditions. Mechanical properties relevant to guided bone regeneration in non-load bearing sites, as for maxillofacial contour reconstruction, were evidenced from 3-point bending tests and macrospherical indentation. Scaffolds were implanted in a clinically-relevant large animal model (sheep femur), over 6 months, enabling thorough analyses at short (4 weeks) and long (26 weeks) time points. In vivo performances were systematically compared to the bovine bone-derived Bio-OssⓇ standard. The local tissue response was examined thoroughly by semi-quantitative histopathology. Results demonstrated the absence of toxicity. Bone healing was assessed by bone dynamics analysis through epifluorescence using various fluorochromes and quantitative histomorphometry. Performant bone regeneration was evidenced with similar overall performances to the control, although the Gyroid biomaterial slightly outperformed Bio-OssⓇ at early healing time in terms of osteointegration and appositional mineralization. This work is considered a pilot study on the in vivo evaluation of TPMS-based 3D porous scaffolds in a large animal model, for an extended period of time, and in comparison to a clinical standard. Our results confirm the relevance of such scaffolds for bone regeneration in view of clinical practice. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone repair, e.g. for large bone defects or patients with defective vascularization is still a major challenge. Highly percolating TPMS porous structures have recently emerged, but no in vivo data were reported on a large animal model of clinical relevance and comparing to an international standard. Here, we fabricated TPMS scaffolds of HA, determined their chemical, percolation and mechanical features, and ran an in-depth pilot study in the sheep with a systematic comparison to the Bio-OssⓇ reference. Our results clearly show the high bone-forming capability of such scaffolds, with outcomes even better than Bio-OssⓇ at short implantation time. This preclinical work provides quantitative data validating the relevance of such TMPS porous scaffolds for bone regeneration in view of clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Bouakaz
- CERHUM - PIMW, 4000 Liège, Belgium; CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS / Toulouse INP / UT3, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Drouet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS / Toulouse INP / UT3, 31030 Toulouse, France.
| | - David Grossin
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS / Toulouse INP / UT3, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Grégory Nolens
- CERHUM - PIMW, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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8
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Qian W, Gamsjaeger S, Paschalis EP, Graeff-Armas LA, Bare SP, Turner JA, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Akhter MP. Bone intrinsic material and compositional properties in postmenopausal women diagnosed with long-term Type-1 diabetes. Bone 2023; 174:116832. [PMID: 37385427 PMCID: PMC11302406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus and the associated complications are growing worldwide, affecting the patients' quality of life and exerting a considerable burden on health systems. Yet, the increase in fracture risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients is not fully captured by bone mineral density (BMD), leading to the hypothesis that alterations in bone quality are responsible for the increased risk. Material/compositional properties are important aspects of bone quality, yet information on human bone material/compositional properties in T1D is rather sparse. The purpose of the present study is to measure both the intrinsic material behaviour by nanoindentation, and material compositional properties by Raman spectroscopy as a function of tissue age and microanatomical location (cement lines) in bone tissue from iliac crest biopsies from postmenopausal women diagnosed with long-term T1D (N = 8), and appropriate sex-, age-, BMD- and clinically-matched controls (postmenopausal women; N = 5). The results suggest elevation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) content in the T1D and show significant differences in mineral maturity / crystallinity (MMC) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content between the T1D and control groups. Furthermore, both hardness and modulus by nanoindentation are greater in T1D. These data suggest a significant deterioration of material strength properties (toughness) and compositional properties in T1D compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qian
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sue P Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Joan M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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9
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Lu Q, Diao J, Wang Y, Feng J, Zeng F, Yang Y, Kuang Y, Zhao N, Wang Y. 3D printed pore morphology mediates bone marrow stem cell behaviors via RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway for accelerating bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:413-424. [PMID: 36969106 PMCID: PMC10036893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone bionics and structural engineering have sparked a broad interest in optimizing artificial scaffolds for better bone regeneration. However, the mechanism behind scaffold pore morphology-regulated bone regeneration remains unclear, making the structure design of scaffolds for bone repair challenging. To address this issue, we have carefully assessed diverse cell behaviors of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds with three representative pore morphologies (i.e., cross column, diamond, and gyroid pore unit, respectively). Among the scaffolds, BMSCs on the β-TCP scaffold with diamond pore unit (designated as D-scaffold) demonstrated enhanced cytoskeletal forces, elongated nucleus, faster cell mobility, and better osteogenic differentiation potential (for example, the alkaline phosphatase expression level in D-scaffold were 1.5-2 times higher than other groups). RNA-sequencing analysis and signaling pathway intervention revealed that Ras homolog gene family A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase-2 (ROCK2) has in-depth participated in the pore morphology-mediated BMSCs behaviors, indicating an important role of mechanical signaling transduction in scaffold-cell interactions. Finally, femoral condyle defect repair results showed that D-scaffold could effectively promote endogenous bone regeneration, of which the osteogenesis rate was 1.2-1.8 times higher than the other groups. Overall, this work provides insights into pore morphology-mediated bone regeneration mechanisms for developing novel bioadaptive scaffold designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiji Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Biomaterials for Medical Devices. Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jingjing Diao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Medical Devices Research & Testing Center of SCUT, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingqu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianlang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Biomaterials for Medical Devices. Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Fansen Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Biomaterials for Medical Devices. Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Biomaterials for Medical Devices. Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yudi Kuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
- Guangdong Institute of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, 510535, PR China
- Corresponding author. National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Naru Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Biomaterials for Medical Devices. Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Biomaterials for Medical Devices. Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Institute of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, 510535, PR China
- Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
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10
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Matsuzawa R, Matsuo A, Fukamachi S, Shimada S, Takeuchi M, Nishina T, Kollmannsberger P, Sudo R, Okuda S, Yamashita T. Multicellular dynamics on structured surfaces: Stress concentration is a key to controlling complex microtissue morphology on engineered scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:301-316. [PMID: 37164300 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineers have utilised a variety of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for controlling multicellular dynamics and the resulting tissue microstructures. In particular, cutting-edge microfabrication technologies, such as 3D bioprinting, provide increasingly complex structures. However, unpredictable microtissue detachment from scaffolds, which ruins desired tissue structures, is becoming an evident problem. To overcome this issue, we elucidated the mechanism underlying collective cellular detachment by combining a new computational simulation method with quantitative tissue-culture experiments. We first quantified the stochastic processes of cellular detachment shown by vascular smooth muscle cells on model curved scaffolds and found that microtissue morphologies vary drastically depending on cell contractility, substrate curvature, and cell-substrate adhesion strength. To explore this mechanism, we developed a new particle-based model that explicitly describes stochastic processes of multicellular dynamics, such as adhesion, rupture, and large deformation of microtissues on structured surfaces. Computational simulations using the developed model successfully reproduced characteristic detachment processes observed in experiments. Crucially, simulations revealed that cellular contractility-induced stress is locally concentrated at the cell-substrate interface, subsequently inducing a catastrophic process of collective cellular detachment, which can be suppressed by modulating cell contractility, substrate curvature, and cell-substrate adhesion. These results show that the developed computational method is useful for predicting engineered tissue dynamics as a platform for prediction-guided scaffold design. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microfabrication technologies aiming to control multicellular dynamics by engineering 3D scaffolds are attracting increasing attention for modelling in cell biology and regenerative medicine. However, obtaining microtissues with the desired 3D structures is made considerably more difficult by microtissue detachments from scaffolds. This study reveals a key mechanism behind this detachment by developing a novel computational method for simulating multicellular dynamics on designed scaffolds. This method enabled us to predict microtissue dynamics on structured surfaces, based on cell mechanics, substrate geometry, and cell-substrate interaction. This study provides a platform for the physics-based design of micro-engineered scaffolds and thus contributes to prediction-guided biomaterials design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuzawa
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuo
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shuya Fukamachi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Sho Shimada
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Midori Takeuchi
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishina
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Biomedical Physics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ryo Sudo
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Satoru Okuda
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Tadahiro Yamashita
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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11
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Loi G, Scocozza F, Aliberti F, Rinvenuto L, Cidonio G, Marchesi N, Benedetti L, Ceccarelli G, Conti M. 3D Co-Printing and Substrate Geometry Influence the Differentiation of C2C12 Skeletal Myoblasts. Gels 2023; 9:595. [PMID: 37504474 PMCID: PMC10378771 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are influenced by several biomechanical aspects of their microenvironment, such as substrate geometry. According to the literature, substrate geometry influences the behavior of muscle cells; in particular, the curvature feature improves cell proliferation. However, the effect of substrate geometry on the myogenic differentiation process is not clear and needs to be further investigated. Here, we show that the 3D co-printing technique allows the realization of substrates. To test the influence of the co-printing technique on cellular behavior, we realized linear polycaprolactone substrates with channels in which a fibrinogen-based hydrogel loaded with C2C12 cells was deposited. Cell viability and differentiation were investigated up to 21 days in culture. The results suggest that this technology significantly improves the differentiation at 14 days. Therefore, we investigate the substrate geometry influence by comparing three different co-printed geometries-linear, circular, and hybrid structures (linear and circular features combined). Based on our results, all structures exhibit optimal cell viability (>94%), but the linear pattern allows to increase the in vitro cell differentiation, in particular after 14 days of culture. This study proposes an endorsed approach for creating artificial muscles for future skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Loi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Scocozza
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Flaminia Aliberti
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Transplant Research Area, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rinvenuto
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cidonio
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science (CLN2S), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchesi
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Benedetti
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Conti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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12
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de Wildt BWM, Zhao F, Lauwers I, van Rietbergen B, Ito K, Hofmann S. Characterization of three-dimensional bone-like tissue growth and organization under influence of directional fluid flow. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37148472 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition in the field of bone tissue engineering from bone regeneration to in vitro models has come with the challenge of recreating a dense and anisotropic bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM). Although the mechanism by which bone ECM gains its structure is not fully understood, mechanical loading and curvature have been identified as potential contributors. Here, guided by computational simulations, we evaluated cell and bone-like tissue growth and organization in a concave channel with and without directional fluid flow stimulation. Human mesenchymal stromal cells were seeded on donut-shaped silk fibroin scaffolds and osteogenically stimulated for 42 days statically or in a flow perfusion bioreactor. After 14, 28, and 42 days, constructs were investigated for cell and tissue growth and organization. As a result, directional fluid flow was able to improve organic tissue growth but not organization. Cells tended to orient in the tangential direction of the channel, possibly attributed to its curvature. Based on our results, we suggest that organic ECM production but not anisotropy can be stimulated through the application of fluid flow. With this study, an initial attempt in three-dimensions was made to improve the resemblance of in vitro produced bone-like ECM to the physiological bone ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W M de Wildt
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Iris Lauwers
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Benn MC, Pot SA, Moeller J, Yamashita T, Fonta CM, Orend G, Kollmannsberger P, Vogel V. How the mechanobiology orchestrates the iterative and reciprocal ECM-cell cross-talk that drives microtissue growth. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9275. [PMID: 36989370 PMCID: PMC10058249 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlled tissue growth is essential for multicellular life and requires tight spatiotemporal control over cell proliferation and differentiation until reaching homeostasis. As cells synthesize and remodel extracellular matrix, tissue growth processes can only be understood if the reciprocal feedback between cells and their environment is revealed. Using de novo-grown microtissues, we identified crucial actors of the mechanoregulated events, which iteratively orchestrate a sharp transition from tissue growth to maturation, requiring a myofibroblast-to-fibroblast transition. Cellular decision-making occurs when fibronectin fiber tension switches from highly stretched to relaxed, and it requires the transiently up-regulated appearance of tenascin-C and tissue transglutaminase, matrix metalloprotease activity, as well as a switch from α5β1 to α2β1 integrin engagement and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. As myofibroblasts are associated with wound healing and inflammatory or fibrotic diseases, crucial knowledge needed to advance regenerative strategies or to counter fibrosis and cancer progression has been gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Benn
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simon A. Pot
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jens Moeller
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Tadahiro Yamashita
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte M. Fonta
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Gertraud Orend
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France
- Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Biomedical Physics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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14
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Callens SJP, Fan D, van Hengel IAJ, Minneboo M, Díaz-Payno PJ, Stevens MM, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. Emergent collective organization of bone cells in complex curvature fields. Nat Commun 2023; 14:855. [PMID: 36869036 PMCID: PMC9984480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual cells and multicellular systems respond to cell-scale curvatures in their environments, guiding migration, orientation, and tissue formation. However, it remains largely unclear how cells collectively explore and pattern complex landscapes with curvature gradients across the Euclidean and non-Euclidean spectra. Here, we show that mathematically designed substrates with controlled curvature variations induce multicellular spatiotemporal organization of preosteoblasts. We quantify curvature-induced patterning and find that cells generally prefer regions with at least one negative principal curvature. However, we also show that the developing tissue can eventually cover unfavorably curved territories, can bridge large portions of the substrates, and is often characterized by collectively aligned stress fibers. We demonstrate that this is partly regulated by cellular contractility and extracellular matrix development, underscoring the mechanical nature of curvature guidance. Our findings offer a geometric perspective on cell-environment interactions that could be harnessed in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien J P Callens
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, The Netherlands. .,Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Daniel Fan
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar A J van Hengel
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Minneboo
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro J Díaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, The Netherlands
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15
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Schamberger B, Ziege R, Anselme K, Ben Amar M, Bykowski M, Castro APG, Cipitria A, Coles RA, Dimova R, Eder M, Ehrig S, Escudero LM, Evans ME, Fernandes PR, Fratzl P, Geris L, Gierlinger N, Hannezo E, Iglič A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Kollmannsberger P, Kowalewska Ł, Kurniawan NA, Papantoniou I, Pieuchot L, Pires THV, Renner LD, Sageman-Furnas AO, Schröder-Turk GE, Sengupta A, Sharma VR, Tagua A, Tomba C, Trepat X, Waters SL, Yeo EF, Roschger A, Bidan CM, Dunlop JWC. Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206110. [PMID: 36461812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of surface curvature in biology is supported by numerous experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. In this review, first, a brief introduction to the key ideas of surface curvature in the context of biological systems is given and the challenges that arise when measuring surface curvature are discussed. Giving an overview of the emergence of curvature in biological systems, its significance at different length scales becomes apparent. On the other hand, summarizing current findings also shows that both single cells and entire cell sheets, tissues or organisms respond to curvature by modulating their shape and their migration behavior. Finally, the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro-organisms and the emergence of curvature across length scales is addressed with examples demonstrating these key mechanistic principles of morphogenesis. Overall, this review highlights that curved interfaces are not merely a passive by-product of the chemical, biological, and mechanical processes but that curvature acts also as a signal that co-determines these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schamberger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ricardo Ziege
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karine Anselme
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Ben Amar
- Department of Physics, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André P G Castro
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- ESTS, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2914-761, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rhoslyn A Coles
- Cluster of Excellence, Matters of Activity, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michaela Eder
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrig
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myfanwy E Evans
- Institute for Mathematics, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paulo R Fernandes
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (Boku), 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Condensed Matter Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
- Ingredients and Dairy Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Stadiou Str., 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tiago H V Pires
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg City, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Vikas R Sharma
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Tomba
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Trepat
- ICREA at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah L Waters
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Edwina F Yeo
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cécile M Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W C Dunlop
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Adhikari J, Roy A, Chanda A, D A G, Thomas S, Ghosh M, Kim J, Saha P. Effects of surface patterning and topography on the cellular functions of tissue engineered scaffolds with special reference to 3D bioprinting. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1236-1269. [PMID: 36644788 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue organ exhibits a topography from the nano to micrometer range, and the design of scaffolds has been inspired by the host environment. Modern bioprinting aims to replicate the host tissue environment to mimic the native physiological functions. A detailed discussion on the topographical features controlling cell attachment, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the effect of geometrical design on the wettability and mechanical properties of the scaffold are presented in this review. Moreover, geometrical pattern-mediated stiffness and pore arrangement variations for guiding cell functions have also been discussed. This review also covers the application of designed patterns, gradients, or topographic modulation on 3D bioprinted structures in fabricating the anisotropic features. Finally, this review accounts for the tissue-specific requirements that can be adopted for topography-motivated enhancement of cellular functions during the fabrication process with a special thrust on bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Adhikari
- School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Avinava Roy
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Chanda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Gouripriya D A
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Manojit Ghosh
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Jinku Kim
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, South Korea.
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, West Bengal 700091, India.
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Gamsjaeger S, Rauch F, Glorieux FH, Paschalis EP. Cortical bone material / compositional properties in growing children and young adults aged 1.5-23 years, as a function of gender, age, metabolic activity, and growth spurt. Bone 2022; 165:116548. [PMID: 36122648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone material / compositional properties are significant determinants of bone quality, thus strength. Raman spectroscopic analysis provides information on the quantity and quality of all three bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, and tissue water). The overwhelming majority of the published reports on the subject concern adults. We have previously reported on these properties in growing children and young adults, in the cancellous compartment. The purpose of the present study was to create normative reference data of bone material / compositional properties for children and young adults, in the cortical compartment. We performed Raman (Senterra (Bruker Optik GmbH), 50× objective, with an excitation of 785 nm (100 mW) and a lateral resolution of ~0.6 μm) microspectroscopic analysis of transiliac bone samples from 54 individuals between 1.5 and 23 years of age, with no known metabolic bone disease, and which have been previously used to establish histomorphometric, bone mineralization density distribution, and cancellous bone quality reference values. The bone quality indices that were determined were: mineral/matrix ratio (MM) from the integrated areas of the v2PO4 (410-460 cm-1) and the amide III (1215-1300 cm-1) bands, tissue water in nanopores approximated by the ratio of the integrated spectral area ~ 494-509 cm-1 to Amide III band, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (ratio of integrated area 1365-1390 cm-1 to the Amide III band, the sulfated proteoglycan (sPG) content as the ratio of the integrated peaks ~1062 cm-1 and 1365-1390 cm-1, the pyridinoline (Pyd) content estimated from the ratio of the absorbance height at 1660 cm-1 / area of the amide I (1620-1700 cm-1) band, and the mineral maturity / crystallinity (MMC) estimated from the inverse of the full width at half height of the v1PO4 (930-980 cm-1) band. Analyses were performed at the three distinct cortical surfaces (endosteal, osteonal, periosteal) at specific anatomical microlocations, namely the osteoid, and the three precisely known tissue ages based on the presence of fluorescence double labels. Measurements were also taken in interstitial bone, a much older tissue that has undergone extensive secondary mineralization. Overall, significant dependencies of the measured parameters on tissue age were observed, while at any given tissue age, sex and subject age were minimal confounders. The established Raman database in the cortical compartments complements the previously published one in cancellous bone, and provides healthy baseline bone quality indices that may serve as a valuable tool to identify alterations due to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Rauch
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - F H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Mirzaali MJ, Moosabeiki V, Rajaai SM, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials-Design Principles and Their Implementation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5457. [PMID: 35955393 PMCID: PMC9369548 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. In the past few decades, several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, the capabilities of AM to fabricate a wide range of biomaterials, including metals and their alloys, polymers, and ceramics, have been exploited, offering unprecedented benefits to medical professionals and patients alike. In this review article, we provide an overview of the design principles that have been developed and used for the AM of biomaterials as well as those dealing with three major categories of biomaterials, i.e., metals (and their alloys), polymers, and ceramics. The design strategies can be categorised as: library-based design, topology optimisation, bio-inspired design, and meta-biomaterials. Recent developments related to the biomedical applications and fabrication methods of AM aimed at enhancing the quality of final 3D-printed biomaterials and improving their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics are also highlighted. Finally, examples of 3D-printed biomaterials with tuned properties and functionalities are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J. Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Laser Sintering Approaches for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122336. [PMID: 35745911 PMCID: PMC9229946 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques into the medical space has revolutionised tissue engineering. Depending upon the tissue type, specific AM approaches are capable of closely matching the physical and biological tissue attributes, to guide tissue regeneration. For hard tissue such as bone, powder bed fusion (PBF) techniques have significant potential, as they are capable of fabricating materials that can match the mechanical requirements necessary to maintain bone functionality and support regeneration. This review focuses on the PBF techniques that utilize laser sintering for creating scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. Optimal scaffold requirements are explained, ranging from material biocompatibility and bioactivity, to generating specific architectures to recapitulate the porosity, interconnectivity, and mechanical properties of native human bone. The main objective of the review is to outline the most common materials processed using PBF in the context of BTE; initially outlining the most common polymers, including polyamide, polycaprolactone, polyethylene, and polyetheretherketone. Subsequent sections investigate the use of metals and ceramics in similar systems for BTE applications. The last section explores how composite materials can be used. Within each material section, the benefits and shortcomings are outlined, including their mechanical and biological performance, as well as associated printing parameters. The framework provided can be applied to the development of new, novel materials or laser-based approaches to ultimately generate bone tissue analogues or for guiding bone regeneration.
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20
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Raymond Y, Lehmann C, Thorel E, Benitez R, Riveiro A, Pou J, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Canal C, Ginebra MP. 3D printing with star-shaped strands: A new approach to enhance in vivo bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212807. [PMID: 35929234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concave surfaces have shown to promote bone regeneration in vivo. However, bone scaffolds obtained by direct ink writing, one of the most promising approaches for the fabrication of personalized bone grafts, consist mostly of convex surfaces, since they are obtained by microextrusion of cylindrical strands. By modifying the geometry of the nozzle, it is possible to print 3D structures composed of non-cylindrical strands and favor the presence of concave surfaces. In this work, we compare the in vivo performance of 3D-printed calcium phosphate scaffolds with either conventional cylindrical strands or star-shaped strands, in a rabbit femoral condyle model. Monocortical defects, drilled in contralateral positions, are randomly grafted with the two scaffold configurations, with identical composition. The samples are explanted eight weeks post-surgery and assessed by μ-CT and resin-embedded histological observations. The results reveal that the scaffolds containing star-shaped strands have better osteoconductive properties, guiding the newly formed bone faster towards the core of the scaffolds, and enhance bone regeneration, although the increase is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). This new approach represents a turning point towards the optimization of pore shape in 3D-printed bone grafts, further boosting the possibilities that direct ink writing technology offers for patient-specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Raymond
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyril Lehmann
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilie Thorel
- Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Benitez
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 39-57, 08950 Esplugues del Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antonio Riveiro
- Department of Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction, University of Vigo (UVigo), EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Pou
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo (UVigo), EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria-Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Bone Healing Group, Small Animal Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Burr DB. Bone quality in an ovariectomized monkey animal model treated with two doses of teriparatide for either 18 months, or 12 months followed by withdrawal for 6 months. Bone 2022; 158:116366. [PMID: 35167989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of ovariectomized (OVX) monkeys, treated with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) at 1 or 5 μg/kg/day for 18 months or for 12 months followed by 6 months withdrawal from treatment, displayed significant changes in geometry, histomorphometry, and bone quality, but without strict tissue age criteria, of the midshaft humerus. Since bone quality significantly depends on tissue age among other factors, the aim of the present study was to establish the bone-turnover independent effects of two doses of PTH, as well as the effects of treatment withdrawal on bone quality by measuring bone material composition at precisely known tissue ages ranging from osteoid, to mineralized tissue older than 373 days. Raman microspectroscopic analysis of bone tissue from the mid-shaft humerus of OVX monkeys demonstrated that the clinically relevant dose of PTH administered for 18 months reverses the effects of ovariectomy on bone quality when compared against SHAM. Both doses investigated in this study restore the mineralization regulation mechanisms to SHAM levels. The study also showed that the beneficial effects induced by 12 months of clinically relevant PTH therapy were sustained after six months of therapy withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Osteology, at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Osteology, at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - D B Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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22
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Li Z, Chen Z, Chen X, Zhao R. Effect of Surface Curvature on the Mechanical and Mass-Transport Properties of Additively Manufactured Tissue Scaffolds with Minimal Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1623-1643. [PMID: 35285609 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design of scaffolds for tissue engineering has to consider two trade-off properties: mechanical and mass-transport properties. This is particularly true for additively manufactured scaffolds with the structures of minimal surfaces, and notably, the influence of the surface curvature of the structure on the mechanical and mass-transport properties remains unclear. This work presents our study on the scaffolds designed with the structure of triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), with a focus on discovering the influence of surface curvature on the mechanical response and the mass-transport property or permeability of the scaffolds. Based on the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a model representative of both mechanical and permeable properties of scaffolds was developed; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and finite element analysis (FEA) were also used to reveal the influence mechanism of curvature on structural fracture and deformation behavior. AlSi10Mg samples of scaffolds designed with different surface curvatures were manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM), and their mechanical and permeable properties were examined and characterized by both experiments and simulations. Our results illustrate that at the same porosity, the more concentrated the curvature distribution of the same type of unit, the better trade-off mechanical and mass-transport properties the scaffolds have. Particularly, at the porosity of 55%, the compressive elastic modulus and permeability of the Dte structure are increased by 2.03 times and 1.95 times compared with the Diamond unit, respectively. The fusion structure can greatly improve permeability performance at the cost of mechanical properties. Our results also show that porosity has the greatest influence on mechanical and permeable properties, followed by the surface curvature. The study illustrates that the surface curvature has a significant influence on the mechanical and permeable properties of scaffolds, and that the developed scaffold performance evaluation scheme is an effective means for the optimization and evaluation of scaffold performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Li
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5A9, Canada
| | - Runchao Zhao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
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23
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On-Growth and In-Growth Osseointegration Enhancement in PM Porous Ti-Scaffolds by Two Different Bioactivation Strategies: Alkali Thermochemical Treatment and RGD Peptide Coating. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031750. [PMID: 35163682 PMCID: PMC8835960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of primary stability and osteointegration in metallic implants may result in implant loosening and failure. Adding porosity to metallic implants reduces the stress shielding effect and improves implant performance, allowing the surrounding bone tissue to grow into the scaffold. However, a bioactive surface is needed to stimulate implant osteointegration and improve mechanical stability. In this study, porous titanium implants were produced via powder sintering to create different porous diameters and open interconnectivity. Two strategies were used to generate a bioactive surface on the metallic foams: (1) an inorganic alkali thermochemical treatment, (2) grafting a cell adhesive tripeptide (RGD). RGD peptides exhibit an affinity for integrins expressed by osteoblasts, and have been reported to improve osteoblast adhesion, whereas the thermochemical treatment is known to improve titanium implant osseointegration upon implantation. Bioactivated scaffolds and control samples were implanted into the tibiae of rabbits to analyze the effect of these two strategies in vivo regarding bone tissue regeneration through interconnected porosity. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone in-growth and on-growth were evaluated in different regions of interest (ROIs) inside and outside the implant. The results of this study show that after a long-term postoperative period, the RGD-coated samples presented higher quantification values of quantified newly formed bone tissue in the implant's outer area. However, the total analyzed bone in-growth was observed to be slightly greater in the scaffolds treated with alkali thermochemical treatment. These results suggest that both strategies contribute to enhancing porous metallic implant stability and osteointegration, and a combination of both strategies might be worth pursuing.
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Song T, Zhou J, Shi M, Xuan L, Jiang H, Lin Z, Li Y. Osteon-mimetic 3D nanofibrous scaffold enhances stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation for bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1090-1103. [PMID: 35040827 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The scaffold microstructure is important for bone tissue engineering. Failure to synergistically imitate the hierarchical microstructure of the components of bone, such as an osteon with concentric multilayers assembled by nanofibers, hinders the performance for guiding bone regeneration. Here, a 2D bilayer nanofibrous membrane (BLM) containing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composite membranes in similar compositions (PCL15 and PCL20), but possessing different degrees of shrinkage, was fabricated via sequential electrospinning. Upon incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (37 °C), the 2D BLM spontaneously deformed into a 3D shape induced by PCL crystallization within the PLGA matrix, and the PCL15 and PCL20 layer formed a concave and convex surface, respectively. The 3D structure contained curved multilayers with an average diameter of 776 ± 169 μm, and on the concave and convex surface the nanofiber diameters were 792 ± 225 and 881 ± 259 nm, respectively. The initial 2D structure facilitated the even distribution of seeded cells. Adipose-derived stem cells from rats (rADSCs) proliferated faster on a concave surface than on a convex surface. For the 3D BLM, the osteogenic differentiation of rADSCs was significantly higher than that on 2D surfaces, even without osteogenic supplements, which resulted from the stretched cell morphology on the curved sublayer leading to increased expression of lamin-A. After being implanted into cranial defects in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, 3D BLM significantly accelerated bone formation. In summary, 3D BLM with an osteon-like structure provides a potential strategy to repair bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liuyang Xuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huamin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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25
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A quantitative analysis of cell bridging kinetics on a scaffold using computer vision algorithms. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:429-440. [PMID: 34571272 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering involves the seeding of cells into a structural scaffolding to regenerate the architecture of damaged or diseased tissue. To effectively design a scaffold, an understanding of how cells collectively sense and react to the geometry of their local environment is needed. Advances in the development of melt electro-writing have allowed micron and submicron polymeric fibres to be accurately printed into porous, complex and three-dimensional structures. By using melt electrowriting, we created a geometrically relevant in vitro scaffold model to study cellular spatial-temporal kinetics. These scaffolds were paired with custom computer vision algorithms to investigate cell nuclei, cell membrane actin and scaffold fibres over different pore sizes (200-600 µm) and time points (28 days). We find that cells proliferated much faster in the smaller (200 µm) pores which halved the time until confluence versus larger (500 and 600 µm) pores. Our analysis of stained actin fibres revealed that cells were highly aligned to the fibres and the leading edge of the pore filling front, and we found that cells behind the leading edge were not aligned in any particular direction. This study provides a systematic understanding of cellular spatial temporal kinetics within a 3D in vitro model to inform the design of more effective synthetic tissue engineering scaffolds for tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Advances in the development of melt electro-writing have allowed micron and submicron polymeric fibres to be accurately printed into porous, complex and three-dimensional structures. By using melt electrowriting, we created a geometrically relevant in vitro model to study cellular spatial-temporal kinetics to provide a systematic understanding of cellular spatial temporal kinetics within a 3D in vitro model. The insights presented in this work help to inform the design of more effective synthetic tissue engineering scaffolds by reducing cell culture time; which is valuable information for the implant or lab-grown-meat industries.
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Zhang Y, Wang P, Jin J, Li L, He SY, Zhou P, Jiang Q, Wen C. In silico and in vivo studies of the effect of surface curvature on the osteoconduction of porous scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:591-604. [PMID: 34723387 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that the curvature of porous scaffold plays a significant role in guiding tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism remains controversial to date. In this study, we developed an in silico model to simulate the effect of surface curvature on the osteoconduction of scaffold implants, which comprises the primary aspects of bone regeneration. Selective laser melting was used to manufacture a titanium scaffold with channels representative of different strut curvatures for in vivo assessment. The titanium scaffold was implanted in the femur condyles of rabbits to validate the mathematical model. Simulation results suggest that the curvature affected the distribution of growth factors and subsequently induced the migration of osteoblast lineage cells and bone deposition to the locations with higher curvature. The predictions of the mathematical model are in good agreement with the in vivo assessment results, in which newly formed bone first appeared adjacent to the vertices of the major axes in elliptical channels. The mechanism of curvature-guided osteoconduction may provide a guide for the design optimization of scaffold implants to achieve enhanced bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Flores-Jimenez MS, Fuentes-Aguilar RQ. Bone Tissue Scaffolds Designed With A Porosity Gradient Based On Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces Using A Parametric Approach. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:1209-1212. [PMID: 34891504 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the interest in porous scaffolds design for cell culture has increased. Because of the curvotaxis property of the cells, they can respond to the curvature of the substrate in which they are seeded, like changing their morphology, despite that, curvature is little explored within scaffold design. What is more, for bone regeneration, the scaffold should ideally have a porosity gradient corresponding to the transition between compact and cancellous bone. Various studies have focused on finding the best geometry to mimic it, being the triple periodic minimum structures (TPMS) the most promising ones. However, as they are mathematically complex, researchers have approximated them with implicit equations, no longer respecting their minimum curvature when they vary the pore size, deforming the original geometry. This work proposed to approach the TPMS with parametric equations, finding an exact fundamental patch. In this way showing its potential to make customized structures with a porous gradient, thanks to the acquisition of a constant of variation. This generates a friendly user interface for the design of scaffolds. The work also presents a comparison with the implicit structures, remarking the benefits of using the parametric approach. Finally, it presents examples of 3D printed designs.
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3D printing of hierarchical porous biomimetic hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Adding concavities to the convex filaments. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:744-759. [PMID: 34358699 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porosity plays a key role on the osteogenic performance of bone scaffolds. Direct Ink Writing (DIW) allows the design of customized synthetic bone grafts with patient-specific architecture and controlled macroporosity. Being an extrusion-based technique, the scaffolds obtained are formed by arrays of cylindrical filaments, and therefore have convex surfaces. This may represent a serious limitation, as the role of surface curvature and more specifically the stimulating role of concave surfaces in osteoinduction and bone growth has been recently highlighted. Hence the need to design strategies that allow the introduction of concave pores in DIW scaffolds. In the current study, we propose to add gelatin microspheres as a sacrificial material in a self-setting calcium phosphate ink. Neither the phase transformation responsible for the hardening of the scaffold nor the formation of characteristic network of needle-like hydroxyapatite crystals was affected by the addition of gelatin microspheres. The partial dissolution of the gelatin resulted in the creation of spherical pores throughout the filaments and exposed on the surface, increasing filament porosity from 0.2 % to 67.9 %. Moreover, the presence of retained gelatin proved to have a significant effect on the mechanical properties, reducing the strength but simultaneously giving the scaffolds an elastic behavior, despite the high content of ceramic as a continuous phase. Notwithstanding the inherent difficulty of in vitro cultures with this highly reactive material an enhancement of MG-63 cell proliferation, as well as better spreading of hMSCs was recorded on the developed scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent studies have stressed the role that concave surfaces play in tissue regeneration and, more specifically, in osteoinduction and osteogenesis. Direct ink writing enables the production of patient-specific bone grafts with controlled architecture. However, besides many advantages, it has the serious limitation that the surfaces obtained are convex. In this article, for the first time we develop a strategy to introduce concave pores in the printed filaments of biomimetic hydroxyapatite by incorporation and partial dissolution of gelatin microspheres. The retention of part of the gelatin results in a more elastic behavior compared to the brittleness of hydroxyapatite scaffolds, while the needle-shaped nanostructure of biomimetic hydroxyapatite is maintained and gelatin-coated concave pores on the surface of the filaments enhance cell spreading.
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29
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Simulated tissue growth in tetragonal lattices with mechanical stiffness tuned for bone tissue engineering. Comput Biol Med 2021; 138:104913. [PMID: 34619409 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering approaches have recently begun considering 3D printed lattices as viable scaffold solutions due to their highly tunable geometries and mechanical efficiency. However, scaffold design remains challenging due to the numerous biological and mechanical trade-offs related to lattice geometry. Here, we investigate novel tetragonal unit cell designs by independently adjusting unit cell height and width to find scaffolds with improved tissue growth while maintaining suitable scaffold mechanical properties for bone tissue engineering. Lattice tissue growth behavior is evaluated using a curvature-based growth model while elastic modulus is evaluated with finite element analysis. Computationally efficient modeling approaches are implemented to facilitate bulk analysis of lattice design trade-offs using design maps for biological and mechanical functionalities in relation to unit cell height and width for two contrasting unit cell topologies. Newly designed tetragonal lattices demonstrate higher tissue growth per unit volume and advantageous stiffness in preferred directions compared to cubically symmetric unit cells. When lattice beam diameter is fixed to 200 μm, Tetra and BC-Tetra lattices with elastic moduli of 200 MPa-400 MPa are compared for squashed, cubic, and stretched topologies. Squashed Tetra lattices demonstrated higher growth rates and growth densities compared to symmetrically cubic lattices. BC-Tetra lattices with the same range of elastic moduli show squashed lattices tend to achieve higher growth rates, whereas stretched lattices promote higher growth density. The results suggest tetragonal unit cells provide favorable properties for biological and mechanical tailoring, therefore enabling new strategies for diverse patient needs and applications in regenerative medicine.
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Cheikho K, Laurent C, Ganghoffer JF. An advanced method to design graded cylindrical scaffolds with versatile effective cross-sectional mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104887. [PMID: 34700106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The selection of the most-suited bone scaffold for a given clinical application is challenging, and has motivated numerous studies. They are mostly based on the characterization of cellular structures, generated from the three-dimensional repetition of a unit cell. However, the interest of circular graded bone scaffolds has been emphasized since they facilitate nutrient transport from the periphery to the core of the scaffold. In the present contribution, we present an advanced and versatile method to design graded circular porous 2D structures based on the conformal mapping of unit cells. We propose a method to generate 3D porous scaffolds by a multilayer repetition of the circular cross-section, resulting in tunable anisotropy depending on the clinical application. We then analyze the link between the porosities of the obtained structures and their effective elastic mechanical cross-sectional properties, making use of a novel and computationally efficient method allowing exhaustive parametric studies. The comparison of various conformal transformations and unit cell designs emphasizes the extent of mechanical properties and porosities that may be reached for a given constitutive material, including non-standard mechanical properties that open large perspectives towards the development of self-fitting scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cheikho
- CNRS UMR 7239 LEM3, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - C Laurent
- CNRS UMR 7239 LEM3, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - J F Ganghoffer
- CNRS UMR 7239 LEM3, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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31
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Beloshenko V, Beygelzimer Y, Chishko V, Savchenko B, Sova N, Verbylo D, Voznyak A, Vozniak I. Mechanical Properties of Flexible TPU-Based 3D Printed Lattice Structures: Role of Lattice Cut Direction and Architecture. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2986. [PMID: 34503026 PMCID: PMC8433625 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the mechanical behavior of lattice materials based on flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with honeycomb and gyroid architecture fabricated by 3D printing. Tensile, compression, and three-point bending tests were chosen as mechanical testing methods. The honeycomb architecture was found to provide higher values of rigidity (by 30%), strength (by 25%), plasticity (by 18%), and energy absorption (by 42%) of the flexible TPU lattice compared to the gyroid architecture. The strain recovery is better in the case of gyroid architecture (residual strain of 46% vs. 31%). TPUs with honeycomb architecture are characterized by anisotropy of mechanical properties in tensile and three-point bending tests. The obtained results are explained by the peculiarities of the lattice structure at meso- and macroscopic level and by the role of the pore space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Beloshenko
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after O.O. Galkin, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki, 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (Y.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Yan Beygelzimer
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after O.O. Galkin, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki, 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (Y.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Vyacheslav Chishko
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after O.O. Galkin, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki, 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (Y.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Bogdan Savchenko
- Department of Applied Ecology, Technology of Polymers and Chemical Fibers, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Nemirovicha Danchenko Str., 2, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine; (B.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadiya Sova
- Department of Applied Ecology, Technology of Polymers and Chemical Fibers, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Nemirovicha Danchenko Str., 2, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine; (B.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Dmytro Verbylo
- Institute for Problems in Materials Science I.M. Frantsevich, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Krzhizhanovsky Str., 3, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Andrei Voznyak
- Department of General Technical, Disciplines and Vocational Training, Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, Gagarin Av. 54, 50086 Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine;
| | - Iurii Vozniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza Str., 112, 90363 Lodz, Poland
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32
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Browning AP, Maclaren OJ, Buenzli PR, Lanaro M, Allenby MC, Woodruff MA, Simpson MJ. Model-based data analysis of tissue growth in thin 3D printed scaffolds. J Theor Biol 2021; 528:110852. [PMID: 34358535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue growth in three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds enables exploration and control of cell behaviour in more biologically realistic geometries than that allowed by traditional 2D cell culture. Cell proliferation and migration in these experiments have yet to be explicitly characterised, limiting the ability of experimentalists to determine the effects of various experimental conditions, such as scaffold geometry, on cell behaviour. We consider tissue growth by osteoblastic cells in melt electro-written scaffolds that comprise thin square pores with sizes that were deliberately increased between experiments. We collect highly detailed temporal measurements of the average cell density, tissue coverage, and tissue geometry. To quantify tissue growth in terms of the underlying cell proliferation and migration processes, we introduce and calibrate a mechanistic mathematical model based on the Porous-Fisher reaction-diffusion equation. Parameter estimates and uncertainty quantification through profile likelihood analysis reveal consistency in the rate of cell proliferation and steady-state cell density between pore sizes. This analysis also serves as an important model verification tool: while the use of reaction-diffusion models in biology is widespread, the appropriateness of these models to describe tissue growth in 3D scaffolds has yet to be explored. We find that the Porous-Fisher model is able to capture features relating to the cell density and tissue coverage, but is not able to capture geometric features relating to the circularity of the tissue interface. Our analysis identifies two distinct stages of tissue growth, suggests several areas for model refinement, and provides guidance for future experimental work that explores tissue growth in 3D printed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Browning
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, QUT, Australia.
| | - Oliver J Maclaren
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Pascal R Buenzli
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew Lanaro
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark C Allenby
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, QUT, Australia
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33
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Lehder EF, Ashcroft IA, Wildman RD, Ruiz-Cantu LA, Maskery I. A multiscale optimisation method for bone growth scaffolds based on triply periodic minimal surfaces. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2085-2096. [PMID: 34318358 PMCID: PMC8595174 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered bone scaffolds are potential alternatives to bone allografts and autografts. Porous scaffolds based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are good candidates for tissue growth because they offer high surface-to-volume ratio, have tailorable stiffness, and can be easily fabricated by additive manufacturing. However, the range of TPMS scaffold types is extensive, and it is not yet clear which type provides the fastest cell or tissue growth while being sufficiently stiff to act as a bone graft. Nor is there currently an established methodology for TPMS bone scaffold design which can be quickly adopted by medical designers or biologists designing implants. In this study, we examine six TPMS scaffold types for use as tissue growth scaffolds and propose a general methodology to optimise their geometry. At the macro-scale, the optimisation routine ensures a scaffold stiffness within suitable limits for bone, while at the micro-scale it maximises the cell growth rate. The optimisation procedure also ensures the scaffold pores are of sufficient diameter to allow oxygen and nutrient delivery via capillaries. Of the examined TPMS structures, the Lidinoid and Split P cell types provide the greatest cell growth rates and are therefore the best candidates for bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Lehder
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - I A Ashcroft
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - R D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - L A Ruiz-Cantu
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - I Maskery
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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34
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Das SL, Bose P, Lejeune E, Reich DH, Chen C, Eyckmans J. Extracellular Matrix Alignment Directs Provisional Matrix Assembly and Three Dimensional Fibrous Tissue Closure. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1447-1457. [PMID: 33979548 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap closure is a dynamic process in wound healing, in which a wound contracts and a provisional matrix is laid down, to restore structural integrity to injured tissues. The efficiency of wound closure has been found to depend on the shape of a wound, and this shape dependence has been echoed in various in vitro studies. While wound shape itself appears to contribute to this effect, it remains unclear whether the alignment of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) may also contribute. In this study, we investigate the role both wound curvature and ECM alignment have on gap closure in a 3D culture model of fibrous tissue. Using microfabricated flexible micropillars positioned in rectangular and octagonal arrangements, seeded 3T3 fibroblasts embedded in a collagen matrix formed microtissues with different ECM alignments. Wounding these microtissues with a microsurgical knife resulted in wounds with different shapes and curvatures that closed at different rates. Observing different regions around the wounds, we noted local wound curvature did not impact the rate of production of provisional fibronectin matrix assembled by the fibroblasts. Instead, the rate of provisional matrix assembly was lowest emerging from regions of high fibronectin alignment and highest in the areas of low matrix alignment. Our data suggest that the underlying ECM structure affects the shape of the wound as well as the ability of fibroblasts to build provisional matrix, an important step in the process of tissue closure and restoration of tissue architecture. The study highlights an important interplay between ECM alignment, wound shape, and tissue healing that has not been previously recognized and may inform approaches to engineer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana L Das
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prasenjit Bose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma Lejeune
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel H Reich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeroen Eyckmans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Preliminary clinical results of coated porous tibia cones in septic and aseptic revision knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021; 141:555-560. [PMID: 32274569 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the first results of calcium-phosphate-coated porous tibia cones. METHODS Patients treated with TrabecuLink®-CaP Cones were retrospectively recruited from January 2016 to December 2017. These custom-made cones were produced using titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V (Tilastan®) and using additive manufacturing with a special calcium-phosphate coating (HX®-coating). Clinical outcome was evaluated using Oxford Knee Score. For radiological evaluation of the implants, patients sent us outpatient taken radiographs. A minimum follow-up of one year was required. Lastly, we analyzed postoperative complications and revision rates. RESULTS 52 patients with revision knee arthroplasty (RKA) were recruited for final analysis, of whom, we had 17 septic RKAs (33%) and 35 aseptic cases of RKA (67%). The bone defects were grouped into 17 AORI Type 2A (32.7%), 14 Type 2B (26.9%) and 21 Type 3 (40.4%). After a mean follow-up of 22 months (13.2-34.8; SD = ± 10), we had 4 surgical revisions (7.7%), 2 septic and 2 aseptic cases. The mean Oxford Knee Score was 28.6 points (8-47; SD = ± 10). 22 of 28 radiographs (78.6%) showed regular positioning of the cones and TKAs at a mean follow-up of 16.8 months (13.2-34.8; SD = ± 6). Three patients (10.7%) showed slight radiolucencies in the bone-cement interfaces and 3 patients (10.7%) had beginning heterotopic ossifications. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the initial clinical results of calcium-phosphate-coated tibia cones showing a good functional outcome. Further research should focus on long-term clinical and radiological follow-up.
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36
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Ding Y, Li W, Schubert DW, Boccaccini AR, Roether JA, Santos HA. An organic-inorganic hybrid scaffold with honeycomb-like structures enabled by one-step self-assembly-driven electrospinning. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 124:112079. [PMID: 33947571 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun organic/inorganic hybrid scaffolds have been appealing in tissue regeneration owing to the integrated physicochemical and biological performances. However, the conventional electrospun scaffolds with non-woven structures usually failed to enable deep cell infiltration due to the densely stacked layers among the fibers. Herein, through self-assembly-driven electrospinning, a polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(ε-caprolactone)/58S sol-gel bioactive glass (PHB/PCL/58S) hybrid scaffold with honeycomb-like structures was prepared by manipulating the solution composition and concentration during a one-step electrospinning process. The mechanisms enabling the formation of self-assembled honeycomb-like structures were investigated through comparative studies using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) between PHB/PCL/58S and PHB/PCL/sol-gel silica systems. The obtained honeycomb-like structure was built up from nanofibers with an average diameter of 370 nm and showed a bimodal distribution of pores: large polygonal pores up to hundreds of micrometers within the honeycomb-cells and irregular pores among the nanofibers ranging around few micrometers. The cell-materials interactions were further studied by culturing MG-63 osteoblast-like cells for 7 days. Cell viability, cell morphology and cell infiltration were comparatively investigated as well. While cells merely proliferated on the surface of non-woven structures, MG-63 cells showed extensive proliferation and deep infiltration up to 100-200 μm into the honeycomb-like structure. Moreover, the cellular spatial organization was readily regulated by the honeycomb-like pattern as well. Overall, the newly obtained hybrid scaffold may integrate the enhanced osteogenicity originating from the bioactive components, and the improved cell-material interactions brought by the honeycomb-like structure, making the new scaffold a promising candidate for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ding
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dirk W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith A Roether
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Hegarty-Cremer SGD, Simpson MJ, Andersen TL, Buenzli PR. Modelling cell guidance and curvature control in evolving biological tissues. J Theor Biol 2021; 520:110658. [PMID: 33667542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue geometry is an important influence on the evolution of many biological tissues. The local curvature of an evolving tissue induces tissue crowding or spreading, which leads to differential tissue growth rates, and to changes in cellular tension, which can influence cell behaviour. Here, we investigate how directed cell motion interacts with curvature control in evolving biological tissues. Directed cell motion is involved in the generation of angled tissue growth and anisotropic tissue material properties, such as tissue fibre orientation. We develop a new cell-based mathematical model of tissue growth that includes both curvature control and cell guidance mechanisms to investigate their interplay. The model is based on conservation principles applied to the density of tissue synthesising cells at or near the tissue's moving boundary. The resulting mathematical model is a partial differential equation for cell density on a moving boundary, which is solved numerically using a hybrid front-tracking method called the cell-based particle method. The inclusion of directed cell motion allows us to model new types of biological growth, where tangential cell motion is important for the evolution of the interface, or for the generation of anisotropic tissue properties. We illustrate such situations by applying the model to simulate both the resorption and infilling components of the bone remodelling process, and to simulate root hair growth. We also provide user-friendly MATLAB code to implement the algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pascal R Buenzli
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.
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38
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Herzer R, Gebert A, Hempel U, Hebenstreit F, Oswald S, Damm C, Schmidt OG, Medina-Sánchez M. Rolled-Up Metal Oxide Microscaffolds to Study Early Bone Formation at Single Cell Resolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005527. [PMID: 33599055 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are frequently used to replace structural components of the human body due to their high mechanical strength, low stiffness, and biocompatibility. In particular, the use of porous materials has improved implant stabilization and the promotion of bone. However, it remains unclear which material properties and geometrical cues are optimal for a proper osteoinduction and osseointegration. To that end, transparent tubular microscaffolds are fabricated, mimicking the typical pores of structural implants, with the aim of studying early bone formation and cell-material interactions at the single cell level. Here, a β-stabilized alloy Ti-45Nb (wt%) is used for the microscaffold's fabrication due to its elastic modulus close to that of natural bone. Human mesenchymal stem cell migration, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation is thus investigated, paying particular attention to the CaP formation and cell-body crystallization, both analyzed via optical and electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that the developed platform is suited for the long-term study of living single cells in an appropriate microenvironment, obtaining in the process deeper insights on early bone formation and providing cues to improve the stability and biocompatibility of current structural implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Herzer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Annett Gebert
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Ute Hempel
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, MTZ, Medizinische Fakultät der TU Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Franziska Hebenstreit
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Steffen Oswald
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Christine Damm
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), TU Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
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Lei H, Yi T, Fan H, Pei X, Wu L, Xing F, Li M, Liu L, Zhou C, Fan Y, Zhang X. Customized additive manufacturing of porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with micro-topological structures to regulate cell behavior in bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111789. [PMID: 33545915 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold micro-topological structure plays an important role in the regulation of cell behavior in bone tissue engineering. This paper investigated the effect of 3D printing parameters on the scaffold micro-topological structure and its subsequent cell behaviors. By setting of different 3D printing parameters, i.e., the 3D printing laser power, the scanning interval and the thickness of sliced layers, the highest resolution up to 20 μm can be precisely fabricated. Scaffolds' characterization results indicated that the laser power affected the forming quality of melt tracks, the scanning interval distance determined the size of regularly arranged pores, and the thickness of sliced layers affected the morphological and structural characteristics. By regulating of these printing parameters, customized porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with varied hierarchical micro-topological structure can be obtained. In vitro cell culturing results showed that the regular porous micro-topological structure of scaffolds with the aperture close to cell size was more suitable for cell proliferation and adhesion. The overall distribution of cells on regular porous scaffolds was similar to the orderly arrangement of cultivated crops in the field. The findings suggested that customization of the scaffold provided an effective way to regulate cellular behavior and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyuan Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China.
| | - Xuan Pei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China.
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China
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3D Bone Morphology Alters Gene Expression, Motility, and Drug Responses in Bone Metastatic Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186913. [PMID: 32967150 PMCID: PMC7555977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced skeletal metastases arising from primary cancers including breast, lung, and prostate suffer from extreme pain, bone loss, and frequent fractures. While the importance of interactions between bone and tumors is well-established, our understanding of complex cell–cell and cell–microenvironment interactions remains limited in part due to a lack of appropriate 3D bone models. To improve our understanding of the influence of bone morphometric properties on the regulation of tumor-induced bone disease (TIBD), we utilized bone-like 3D scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Scaffolds were seeded with tumor cells, and changes in cell motility, proliferation, and gene expression were measured. Genes associated with TIBD significantly increased with increasing scaffold rigidity. Drug response differed when tumors were cultured in 3D compared to 2D. Inhibitors for Integrin β3 and TGF-β Receptor II significantly reduced bone-metastatic gene expression in 2D but not 3D, while treatment with the Gli antagonist GANT58 significantly reduced gene expression in both 2D and 3D. When tumor-seeded 3D scaffolds were implanted into mice, infiltration of myeloid progenitors changed in response to pore size and rigidity. This study demonstrates a versatile 3D model of bone used to study the influence of mechanical and morphometric properties of bone on TIBD.
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Buenzli PR, Lanaro M, Wong CS, McLaughlin MP, Allenby MC, Woodruff MA, Simpson MJ. Cell proliferation and migration explain pore bridging dynamics in 3D printed scaffolds of different pore size. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:285-295. [PMID: 32673750 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue growth in bioscaffolds is influenced significantly by pore geometry, but how this geometric dependence emerges from dynamic cellular processes such as cell proliferation and cell migration remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the influence of pore size on the time required to bridge pores in thin 3D-printed scaffolds. Experimentally, new tissue infills the pores continually from their perimeter under strong curvature control, which leads the tissue front to round off with time. Despite the varied shapes assumed by the tissue during this evolution, we find that time to bridge a pore simply increases linearly with the overall pore size. To disentangle the biological influence of cell behaviour and the mechanistic influence of geometry in this experimental observation, we propose a simple reaction-diffusion model of tissue growth based on Porous-Fisher invasion of cells into the pores. First, this model provides a good qualitative representation of the evolution of the tissue; new tissue in the model grows at an effective rate that depends on the local curvature of the tissue substrate. Second, the model suggests that a linear dependence of bridging time with pore size arises due to geometric reasons alone, not to differences in cell behaviours across pores of different sizes. Our analysis suggests that tissue growth dynamics in these experimental constructs is dominated by mechanistic crowding effects that influence collective cell proliferation and migration processes, and that can be predicted by simple reaction-diffusion models of cells that have robust, consistent behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal R Buenzli
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Matthew Lanaro
- School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cynthia S Wong
- School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maximilian P McLaughlin
- School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark C Allenby
- School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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Ni S, Zhai D, Huan Z, Zhang T, Chang J, Wu C. Nanosized concave pit/convex dot microarray for immunomodulatory osteogenesis and angiogenesis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16474-16488. [PMID: 32743625 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03886e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory capability of biomaterials is of paramount importance for successful material-mediated bone regeneration. Particularly, the design of surface nano-topography can be leveraged to instruct immune reactions, yet the understanding of such "nano-morphology effect" is still very limited. Herein, highly ordered nano-concave pit (denoted as NCPit) and nano-convex dot (denoted as NCDot) microarrays with two different sizes were successfully constructed on a 316LSS surface via anodization and subsequently immersion-coating treatment, respectively. We, for the first time, comparatively investigated the interactions of NCPit and NCDot microarrays with RAW264.7 macrophages and their immunomodulatory impacts on osteogenesis and angiogenesis of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). NCDot microarrays induced macrophages towards M2 polarization with the higher expression level of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and CD 206) and the lower level of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and CD 86) than those of the corresponding NCPit microarrays. During the process, the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes (Runx2, OPN and OCN) of hBMSCs, and angiogenesis-related genes (eNOS, HIF-1α, KDR and VEGF) of HUVECs were significantly upregulated by the NCDot microarray-modulating immune microenvironment of macrophages, and finally stimulated osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, the prepared NCDot arrays were able to significantly promote osteo-/angiogenic activity by generating a more suitable immune microenvironment than NCPit arrays, offering substantial evidence for designing immunomodulatory biomaterials with specific microstructures and optimal bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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Beauchesne CC, Chabanon M, Smaniotto B, Ladoux B, Goyeau B, David B. Channeling Effect and Tissue Morphology in a Perfusion Bioreactor Imaged by X-Ray Microtomography. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:301-311. [PMID: 32314312 PMCID: PMC7260345 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfusion bioreactors for tissue engineering hold great promises. Indeed, the perfusion of culture medium enhances species transport and mechanically stimulates the cells, thereby increasing cell proliferation and tissue formation. Nonetheless, their development is still hampered by a lack of understanding of the relationship between mechanical cues and tissue growth. METHODS Combining tissue engineering, three-dimensional visualization and numerical simulations, we analyze the morphological evolution of neo-tissue in a model bioreactor with respect to the local flow pattern. NIH-3T3 cells were grown under perfusion for one, two and three weeks on a stack of 2 mm polyacetal beads. The model bioreactor was then imaged by X-ray micro-tomography and local tissue morphology was analyzed. To relate experimental observations and mechanical stimulii, a computational fluid dynamics model of flow around spheres in a canal was developed and solved using the finite element method. RESULTS We observe a preferential tissue formation at the bioreactor periphery, and relate it to a channeling effect leading to regions of higher flow intensity. Additionally, we find that circular crater-like tissue patterns form in narrow channel regions at early culture times. Using computational fluid dynamic simulations, we show that the location and morphology of these patterns match those of shear stress maxima. Finally, the morphology of the tissue is qualitatively described as the tissue grows and reorganizes itself. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study points out the key role of local flow conditions on the tissue morphology developed on a stack of beads in perfusion bioreactors and provides new insights for effective design of hydrodynamic bioreactors for tissue engineering using bead packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Beauchesne
- Lab. EM2C, UPR CNRS 288, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Lab. MSSMat, UMR CNRS 8579, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Morgan Chabanon
- Single Molecule Biophotonics Lab. ICFO, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Smaniotto
- ENS Paris Saclay, LMT, CNRS, UMR 8535, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94230, Cachan, France
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), UMR CNRS 7592, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Goyeau
- Lab. EM2C, UPR CNRS 288, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Bertrand David
- Lab. MSSMat, UMR CNRS 8579, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Kolan KCR, Huang YW, Semon JA, Leu MC. 3D-printed Biomimetic Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvarial Defects. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:274. [PMID: 32782995 PMCID: PMC7415861 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pore geometry of scaffold intended for the use in the bone repair or replacement is one of the most important parameters in bone tissue engineering. It affects not only the mechanical properties of the scaffold but also the amount of bone regeneration after implantation. Scaffolds with five different architectures (cubic, spherical, x, gyroid, and diamond) at different porosities were fabricated with bioactive borate glass using the selective laser sintering (SLS) process. The compressive strength of scaffolds with porosities ranging from 60% to 30% varied from 1.7 to 15.5 MPa. The scaffold's compressive strength decreased significantly (up to 90%) after 1-week immersion in simulated body fluids. Degradation of scaffolds is dependent on porosity, in which the scaffold with the largest surface area has the largest reduction in strength. Scaffolds with traditional cubic architecture and biomimetic diamond architecture were implanted in 4.6 mm diameter full-thickness rat calvarial defects for 6 weeks to evaluate the bone regeneration with or without bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Histological analysis indicated no significant difference in bone formation in the defects treated with the two different architectures. However, the defects treated with the diamond architecture scaffolds had more fibrous tissue formation and thus have the potential for faster bone formation. Overall, the results indicated that borate glass scaffolds fabricated using the SLS process have the potential for bone repair and the addition of BMP-2 significantly improves bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C. R. Kolan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie A. Semon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Ming C. Leu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
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Xiao D, Zhang J, Zhang C, Barbieri D, Yuan H, Moroni L, Feng G. The role of calcium phosphate surface structure in osteogenesis and the mechanisms involved. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:22-33. [PMID: 31926336 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics have been widely used for bone regeneration because of their ability to induce osteogenesis. Surface properties, including chemical composition and surface structure, are known to play a crucial role in osteoconduction and osteoinduction. This review systematically analyzes the effects of surface properties, in particular the surface structure, of CaP scaffolds on cell behavior and new bone formation. We also summarize the possible signaling pathways involved in the osteogenic differentiation of bone-related cells when cultured on surfaces with various structures in vitro. The significant immune response initiated by surface structure involved in osteogenic differentiation of cells is also discussed in this review. Taken together, the new biological principle for advanced biomaterials is not only to directly stimulate osteogenic differentiation of bone-related cells but also to modulate the immune response in vivo. Although the reaction mechanism responsible for bone formation induced by CaP surface structure is not clear yet, the insights on surface structure-mediated osteogenic differentiation and osteoimmunomodulation could aid the optimization of CaP-based biomaterials for bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CaP ceramics have similar inorganic composition with natural bone, which have been widely used for bone tissue scaffolds. CaP themselves are not osteoinductive; however, osteoinductive properties could be introduced to CaP materials by surface engineering. This paper systematically summarizes the effects of surface properties, especially surface structure, of CaP scaffolds on bone formation. Additionally, increasing evidence has proved that the bone healing process is not only affected by the osteogenic differentiation of bone-related cells, but also relevant to the the cooperation of immune system. Thus, we further review the possible signaling pathways involved in the osteogenic differentiation and immune response of cells cultured on scaffold surface. These insights into surface structure-mediated osteogenic differentiation and osteoimmunomodulated-based strategy could aid the optimization of CaP-based biomaterials.
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Alias MA, Buenzli PR. A level-set method for the evolution of cells and tissue during curvature-controlled growth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3279. [PMID: 31724309 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most biological tissues grow by the synthesis of new material close to the tissue's interface, where spatial interactions can exert strong geometric influences on the local rate of growth. These geometric influences may be mechanistic or cell behavioural in nature. The control of geometry on tissue growth has been evidenced in many in vivo and in vitro experiments, including bone remodelling, wound healing, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this paper, we propose a generalisation of a mathematical model that captures the mechanistic influence of curvature on the joint evolution of cell density and tissue shape during tissue growth. This generalisation allows us to simulate abrupt topological changes such as tissue fragmentation and tissue fusion, as well as three dimensional cases, through a level-set-based method. The level-set method developed introduces another Eulerian field than the level-set function. This additional field represents the surface density of tissue-synthesising cells, anticipated at future locations of the interface. Numerical tests performed with this level-set-based method show that numerical conservation of cells is a good indicator of simulation accuracy, particularly when cusps develop in the tissue's interface. We apply this new model to several situations of curvature-controlled tissue evolutions that include fragmentation and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Almie Alias
- Center for Modelling and Data Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor D. Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Pascal R Buenzli
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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Abstract
Meta-biomaterials are designer biomaterials with unusual and even unprecedented properties that primarily originate from their geometrical designs at different (usually smaller) length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zadpoor
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
- Delft 2628 CD
- The Netherlands
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Callens SJP, Uyttendaele RJC, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. Substrate curvature as a cue to guide spatiotemporal cell and tissue organization. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119739. [PMID: 31911284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence clearly shows that cells respond to various physical cues in their environments, guiding many cellular processes and tissue morphogenesis, pathology, and repair. One aspect that is gaining significant traction is the role of local geometry as an extracellular cue. Elucidating how geometry affects cell and tissue behavior is, indeed, crucial to design artificial scaffolds and understand tissue growth and remodeling. Perhaps the most fundamental descriptor of local geometry is surface curvature, and a growing body of evidence confirms that surface curvature affects the spatiotemporal organization of cells and tissues. While well-defined in differential geometry, curvature remains somewhat ambiguously treated in biological studies. Here, we provide a more formal curvature framework, based on the notions of mean and Gaussian curvature, and summarize the available evidence on curvature guidance at the cell and tissue levels. We discuss the involved mechanisms, highlighting the interplay between tensile forces and substrate curvature that forms the foundation of curvature guidance. Moreover, we show that relatively simple computational models, based on some application of curvature flow, are able to capture experimental tissue growth remarkably well. Since curvature guidance principles could be leveraged for tissue regeneration, the implications for geometrical scaffold design are also discussed. Finally, perspectives on future research opportunities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien J P Callens
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands.
| | - Rafael J C Uyttendaele
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
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3D Printed Wavy Scaffolds Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010031. [PMID: 31881771 PMCID: PMC7019315 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in developing 3D porous scaffolds with tunable architectures for bone tissue engineering. Surface topography has been shown to control stem cell behavior including differentiation. In this study, we printed 3D porous scaffolds with wavy or linear patterns to investigate the effect of wavy scaffold architecture on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenesis. Five distinct wavy scaffolds were designed using sinusoidal waveforms with varying wavelengths and amplitudes, and orthogonal scaffolds were designed using linear patterns. We found that hMSCs attached to wavy patterns, spread by taking the shape of the curvatures presented by the wavy patterns, exhibited an elongated shape and mature focal adhesion points, and differentiated into the osteogenic lineage. When compared to orthogonal scaffolds, hMSCs on wavy scaffolds showed significantly enhanced osteogenesis, indicated by higher calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin staining. This study aids in the development of 3D scaffolds with novel architectures to direct stem osteogenesis for bone tissue engineering.
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