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Dollish HK, Tsyglakova M, McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and mood disorders: Time to see the light. Neuron 2024; 112:25-40. [PMID: 37858331 PMCID: PMC10842077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The importance of time is ever prevalent in our world, and disruptions to the normal light/dark and sleep/wake cycle have now become the norm rather than the exception for a large part of it. All mood disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), are strongly associated with abnormal sleep and circadian rhythms in a variety of physiological processes. Environmental disruptions to normal sleep/wake patterns, light/dark changes, and seasonal changes can precipitate episodes. Moreover, treatments that target the circadian system have proven to be therapeutic in certain cases. This review will summarize much of our current knowledge of how these disorders associate with specific circadian phenotypes, as well as the neuronal mechanisms that link the circadian clock with mood regulation. We also discuss what has been learned from therapies that target circadian rhythms and how we may use current knowledge to develop more individually designed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Dollish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mariya Tsyglakova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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2
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De Luca SN, Chan SMH, Dobric A, Wang H, Seow HJ, Brassington K, Mou K, Alateeq R, Akhtar A, Bozinovski S, Vlahos R. Cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary impairment is associated with social recognition memory impairments and alterations in microglial profiles within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:292-307. [PMID: 36775074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major, incurable respiratory condition that is primarily caused by cigarette smoking (CS). Neurocognitive disorders including cognitive dysfunction, anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in people with COPD. It is understood that increased lung inflammation and oxidative stress from CS exposure may 'spill over' into the systemic circulation to promote the onset of these extra-pulmonary comorbidities, and thus impacts the quality of life of people with COPD. The precise role of the 'spill-over' of inflammation and oxidative stress in the onset of COPD-related neurocognitive disorders are unclear. The present study investigated the impact of chronic CS exposure on anxiety-like behaviors and social recognition memory, with a particular focus on the role of the 'spill-over' of inflammation and oxidative stress from the lungs. Adult male BALB/c mice were exposed to either room air (sham) or CS (9 cigarettes per day, 5 days a week) for 24 weeks and were either daily co-administered with the NOX2 inhibitor, apocynin (5 mg/kg, in 0.01 % DMSO diluted in saline, i.p.) or vehicle (0.01 % DMSO in saline) one hour before the initial CS exposure of the day. After 23 weeks, mice underwent behavioral testing and physiological diurnal rhythms were assessed by monitoring diurnal regulation profiles. Lungs were collected and assessed for hallmark features of COPD. Consistent with its anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress properties, apocynin treatment partially lessened lung inflammation and lung function decline in CS mice. CS-exposed mice displayed marked anxiety-like behavior and impairments in social recognition memory compared to sham mice, which was prevented by apocynin treatment. Apocynin was unable to restore the decreased Bmal1-positive cells, key in cells in diurnal regulation, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to that of sham levels. CS-exposed mice treated with apocynin was associated with a restoration of microglial area per cell and basal serum corticosterone. This data suggests that we were able to model the CS-induced social recognition memory impairments seen in humans with COPD. The preventative effects of apocynin on memory impairments may be via a microglial dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N De Luca
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley M H Chan
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Dobric
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huei Jiunn Seow
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurt Brassington
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Mou
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rana Alateeq
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alina Akhtar
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Albrecht U. The circadian system and mood related behavior in mice. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 137:269-291. [PMID: 37709379 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Most organisms on earth have evolved an internal clock in order to predict daily recurring events. This clock called circadian clock has a period of about 24 h and allows organisms to organize biochemical and physiological processes over one day. Changes in lighting conditions as they occur naturally over seasons, or man made by jet lag or shift work, advance or delay clock phase in order to synchronize an organism's physiology to the environment. A misalignment of the clock to its environment results in sleep disturbances and mood disorders. Although there are strong associations between the circadian clock and mood disorders such as depression, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This review describes the currently known molecular links between circadian clock components and mood related behaviors in mice, which will help to understand the causal links between the clock and mood in humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Albrecht
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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4
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Sun JKL, Wu D, Wong GCN, Lau TM, Yang M, Hart RP, Kwan KM, Chan HYE, Chow HM. Chronic alcohol metabolism results in DNA repair infidelity and cell cycle-induced senescence in neurons. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13772. [PMID: 36691110 PMCID: PMC9924945 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic binge-like drinking is a risk factor for age-related dementia, however, the lasting and irreversible effect of alcohol on the brain remains elusive. Transcriptomic changes in brain cortices revealed pro-ageing hallmarks upon chronic ethanol exposure and these changes predominantly occur in neurons. The changes are attributed to a prioritized ethyl alcohol oxidation in these cells via the NADPH-dependent cytochrome pathway. This hijacks the folate metabolism of the 1-carbon network which supports the pathway choice of DNA repair via the non-cell cycle-dependent mismatch repair networks. The lost-in-function of such results in the de-inactivation of the less preferred cell cycle-dependent homologous recombination (HR) repair, forcing these post-mitotic cells to re-engage in a cell cycle-like process. However, mature neurons are post-mitotic. Therefore, instead of successfully completing a full round of cell cycle which is necessary for the completion of HR-mediated repair; these cells are arrested at checkpoints. The resulting persistence of repair intermediates induces and promotes the nuclear accumulation of p21 and cyclin B-a trigger for permanent cell cycle exits and irreversible senescence response. Supplementation of bioactive 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate simultaneously at times with ethyl alcohol exposure supports the fidelity of the 1-carbon network and hence the activity of the mismatch repair. This prevents aberrant and irreversible cell cycle re-entry and senescence events of neurons. Together, our findings offer a direct connection between binge-drinking behaviour and its irreversible impact on the brain, which makes it a potential risk factor for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyne Ka-Li Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Deng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Genper Chi-Ngai Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tsun-Ming Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Meigui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kin-Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Mood phenotypes in rodent models with circadian disturbances. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 13:100083. [PMID: 36345502 PMCID: PMC9636574 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological functions with approximately 24-h rhythmicity (circadian rhythms) are generated by an internal time-measuring system of the circadian clock. While sleep/wake cycles, feeding patterns, and body temperature are the most widely known physiological functions under the regulation of the circadian clock, physiological regulation by the circadian clock extends to higher brain functions. Accumulating evidence suggests strong associations between the circadian clock and mood disorders such as depression, but the underlying mechanisms of the functional relationship between them are obscure. This review overviews rodent models with disrupted circadian rhythms on depression-related responses. The animal models with circadian disturbances (by clock gene mutations and artifactual interventions) will help understand the causal link between the circadian clock and depression. The molecular mechanisms of the mammalian circadian rhythm are systematically overviewed. We overview how genetic and pharmacological manipulations of clock (related) genes are linked to mood phenotypes. We overview how artificial perturbations, such as SCN lesions and aberrant light, affect circadian rhythm and mood.
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Menon NM, Carr JA. Anxiety-like behavior and tectal gene expression in a foraging/predator avoidance tradeoff task using adult African clawed frogs Xenopus laevis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McCarthy MJ, Gottlieb JF, Gonzalez R, McClung CA, Alloy LB, Cain S, Dulcis D, Etain B, Frey BN, Garbazza C, Ketchesin KD, Landgraf D, Lee H, Marie‐Claire C, Nusslock R, Porcu A, Porter R, Ritter P, Scott J, Smith D, Swartz HA, Murray G. Neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms of circadian rhythm disruption in bipolar disorder: A critical multi-disciplinary literature review and agenda for future research from the ISBD task force on chronobiology. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:232-263. [PMID: 34850507 PMCID: PMC9149148 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) include changes in mood, activity, energy, sleep, and appetite. Since many of these processes are regulated by circadian function, circadian rhythm disturbance has been examined as a biological feature underlying BD. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Chronobiology Task Force (CTF) was commissioned to review evidence for neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms pertinent to BD. METHOD Drawing upon expertise in animal models, biomarkers, physiology, and behavior, CTF analyzed the relevant cross-disciplinary literature to precisely frame the discussion around circadian rhythm disruption in BD, highlight key findings, and for the first time integrate findings across levels of analysis to develop an internally consistent, coherent theoretical framework. RESULTS Evidence from multiple sources implicates the circadian system in mood regulation, with corresponding associations with BD diagnoses and mood-related traits reported across genetic, cellular, physiological, and behavioral domains. However, circadian disruption does not appear to be specific to BD and is present across a variety of high-risk, prodromal, and syndromic psychiatric disorders. Substantial variability and ambiguity among the definitions, concepts and assumptions underlying the research have limited replication and the emergence of consensus findings. CONCLUSIONS Future research in circadian rhythms and its role in BD is warranted. Well-powered studies that carefully define associations between BD-related and chronobiologically-related constructs, and integrate across levels of analysis will be most illuminating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McCarthy
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John F. Gottlieb
- Department of PsychiatryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of PsychologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sean Cain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Davide Dulcis
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université de ParisINSERM UMR‐S 1144ParisFrance
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department Psychiatry and Behavioral NeuroscienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Corrado Garbazza
- Centre for ChronobiologyPsychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Kyle D. Ketchesin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- Circadian Biology GroupDepartment of Molecular NeurobiologyClinic of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity HospitalLudwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Heon‐Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Chronobiology InstituteKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alessandra Porcu
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Philipp Ritter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCarl Gustav Carus University Hospital and Technical University of DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jan Scott
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Daniel Smith
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Holly A. Swartz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental HealthSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Zhang C, Ni P, Liang S, Li X, Tian Y, Du X, Wei W, Meng Y, Wei J, Ma X, Deng W, Guo W, Li M, Yu H, Zhao L, Wang Q, Pak SC, Li T. Alterations in CRY2 and PER3 gene expression associated with thalamic-limbic community structural abnormalities in patients with bipolar depression or unipolar depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:472-480. [PMID: 34732337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The current study aimed to identify shared and distinct brain structure abnormalities and their relationships with the expression of circadian genes in patients with bipolar or unipolar depression. Method A total of 93 subjects participated in this study, including 32 patients with bipolar depression (BDP), 26 patients with unipolar depression (UDP) and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Brain structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained, and optimized voxel-based morphometry was used to explore group differences in regional gray matter volume (GMV). The mRNA expression levels of circadian genes in peripheral blood were measured using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Our results showed that the GMV in brain regions in the thalamus-limbic pathways had significantly increased in the BDP patients compared to controls, while the increased GMV in UDP patients compared to controls was limited to the thalamus. The mRNA expression levels of circadian-related genes decreased significantly in patients with BDP, but increased in patients with UDP, compared to controls. In addition, the GMV in the right thalamus in the patients with UDP was positively associated with mRNA levels of CRY2, while the GMV in the right hippocampus in the patients with BDP was negatively associated with mRNA levels of PER3. Conclusion Our study suggested that patients with BDP or MDD shared GMV abnormalities in the right thalamus. The PER3 and CRY2 genes might be critical to right hippocampal dysfunction in BDP and right thalamic dysfunction in UDP, respectively. The result provided potentially important molecular targets for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyan Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sugai Liang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinxue Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sham C Pak
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.
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Tsao CH, Flint J, Huang GJ. Influence of diurnal phase on behavioral tests of sensorimotor performance, anxiety, learning and memory in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:432. [PMID: 35013366 PMCID: PMC8748730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral measurements in mice are critical tools used to evaluate the effects of interventions. Whilst mice are nocturnal animals, many studies conduct behavioral tests during the day. To better understand the effects of diurnal rhythm on mouse behaviors, we compared the results from behavioral tests conducted in the active and inactive phases. C57BL/6 mice were used in this study; we focus on sensorimotor performance, anxiety, learning and memory. Overall, our results show mice exhibit slightly higher cutaneous sensitivity, better long-term contextual memory, and a greater active avoidance escape response during the active phase. We did not observe significant differences in motor coordination, anxiety, or spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, apart from the elevated-O-maze, there was no remarkable sex effect among these tests. This study provides information on the effects of different diurnal phases on types of behavior and demonstrates the importance of the circadian cycle on learning and memory. Although we did not detect differences in anxiety and spatial learning/memory, diurnal rhythm may interact with other factors to influence these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tsao
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
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Xiong TW, Liu B, Wu Q, Xu YY, Liu P, Wang Y, Liu J, Shi JS. Beneficial effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids (DNLA) on anxiety and depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress in rats. Brain Res 2021; 1771:147647. [PMID: 34481787 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloid (DNLA) is effective against animal models of Alzheimer's disease. This study further examined its effect on anxiety and depression produced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Rats were subjected to CUS for 42 days, followed by DNLA treatment (20 mg/kg/day, po) for 28 days. The behavioral tests, histopathology, neurotransmitters and RNA-Seq were examined. DNLA attenuated body weight loss and CUS-induced anxiety/depressive-like behaviors, as evidenced by the elevated-plus-maze test, open-field test and sucrose preference. DNLA alleviated neuronal damage and loss and increased Nissl bodies in the hippocampus CA2 region and cortex. DNLA decreased CUS-elevated 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase activities in the brain. DNLA attenuated HPA activation by decreasing adrenocorticotropic hormones and the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1, and increased the expression of glucocorticoid receptor in the brain. RNA-Seq revealed distinct gene expression patterns among groups. Gene ontology revealed the cell projection assembly, postsynapse and centrosome as top biological processes, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed the cAMP, cGMP-PKG, glutamatergic synapse and circadian as major pathways for DNLA effects. Using DESeq2, CUS modulated 1700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were prevented or attenuated by DNLA. CUS-induced DEGs were highly correlated with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for anxiety and depression and were ameliorated by DNLA. Taken together, DNLA attenuated anxiety/depression-like behavior and neuronal damage induced by CUS in rats. The mechanisms could be related to regulation of the monoamine neurotransmitters and the HPA axis, and modulation of gene expression in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wang Xiong
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Yun-Yan Xu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Chen R, Weitzner AS, McKennon LA, Fonken LK. Chronic circadian phase advance in male mice induces depressive-like responses and suppresses neuroimmune activation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100337. [PMID: 34589820 PMCID: PMC8474595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered working and sleeping schedules during the COVID-19 pandemic likely impact our circadian systems. At the molecular level, clock genes form feedback inhibition loops that control 24-hr oscillations throughout the body. Importantly, core clock genes also regulate microglia, the brain resident immune cell, suggesting circadian regulation of neuroimmune function. To assess whether circadian disruption induces neuroimmune and associated behavioral changes, we mimicked chronic jetlag with a chronic phase advance (CPA) model. 32 adult male C57BL/6J mice underwent 6-hr light phase advance shifts every 3 light/dark cycles (CPA) 14 times or were maintained in standard light/dark cycles (control). CPA mice showed higher behavioral despair but not anhedonia in forced swim and sucrose preferences tests, respectively. Changes in behavior were accompanied by altered hippocampal circadian genes in CPA mice. Further, CPA suppressed expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta in the hippocampus. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were elevated by CPA, suggesting that CPA may suppress neuroimmune pathways via glucocorticoids. These results demonstrate that chronic circadian disruption alters mood and neuroimmune function, which may have implications for shift working populations such as frontline health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhuo Chen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aidan S. Weitzner
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lara A. McKennon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Laura K. Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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12
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Zhou L, Fitzpatrick K, Olker C, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW. Casein kinase 1 epsilon and circadian misalignment impact affective behaviours in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2939-2954. [PMID: 34514665 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Affective behaviours and mental health are profoundly affected by disturbances in circadian rhythms. Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CSNK1E) is a core component of the circadian clock. Mice with tau or null mutation of this gene have shortened and lengthened circadian period respectively. Here, we examined anxiety-like, fear, and despair behaviours in both male and female mice of these two different mutants. Compared with wild-type mice, we found reductions in fear and anxiety-like behaviours in both mutant lines and in both sexes, with the tau mutants exhibiting the greatest phenotypic changes. However, the behavioural despair had distinct phenotypic patterns, with markedly less behavioural despair in female null mutants, but not in tau mutants of either sex. To determine whether abnormal light entrainment of tau mutants to 24-h light-dark cycles contributes to these phenotypic differences, we also examined these behaviours in tau mutants on a 20-h light-dark cycle close to their endogenous circadian period. The normalized entrainment restored more wild-type-like behaviours for fear and anxiety, but it induced behavioural despair in tau mutant females. These data show that both mutations of Csnk1e broadly affect fear and anxiety-like behaviours, while the effects on behavioural despair vary with genetics, photoperiod, and sex, suggesting that the mechanisms by which Csnk1e affects fear and anxiety-like behaviours may be similar, but distinct from those affecting behavioural despair. Our study also provides experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis of beneficial outcomes from properly entrained circadian rhythms in terms of the anxiety-like and fear behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Karrie Fitzpatrick
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher Olker
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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13
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Cellular, synaptic, and network effects of chemokines in the central nervous system and their implications to behavior. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1595-1625. [PMID: 34498203 PMCID: PMC8599319 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence highlights chemokines as key mediators of the bidirectional crosstalk between neurons and glial cells aimed at preserving brain functioning. The multifaceted role of these immune proteins in the CNS is mirrored by the complexity of the mechanisms underlying its biological function, including biased signaling. Neurons, only in concert with glial cells, are essential players in the modulation of brain homeostatic functions. Yet, attempts to dissect these complex multilevel mechanisms underlying coordination are still lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about mechanisms underlying chemokine regulation of neuron-glia crosstalk linking molecular, cellular, network, and behavioral levels. Following a brief description of molecular mechanisms by which chemokines interact with their receptors and then summarizing cellular patterns of chemokine expression in the CNS, we next delve into the sequence and mechanisms of chemokine-regulated neuron-glia communication in the context of neuroprotection. We then define the interactions with other neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and gliotransmitters. Finally, we describe their fine-tuning on the network level and the behavioral relevance of their modulation. We believe that a better understanding of the sequence and nature of events that drive neuro-glial communication holds promise for the development of new treatment strategies that could, in a context- and time-dependent manner, modulate the action of specific chemokines to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.
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14
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Patient fibroblast circadian rhythms predict lithium sensitivity in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5252-5265. [PMID: 32404948 PMCID: PMC8589670 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition associated with mood instability, where patients present significant sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Currently, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains elusive, but treatment with lithium continues as the benchmark pharmacotherapy, functioning as a potent mood stabilizer in most, but not all patients. Lithium is well documented to induce period lengthening and amplitude enhancement of the circadian clock. Based on this, we sought to investigate whether lithium differentially impacts circadian rhythms in bipolar patient cell lines and crucially if lithium's effect on the clock is fundamental to its mood-stabilizing effects. We analyzed the circadian rhythms of bipolar patient-derived fibroblasts (n = 39) and their responses to lithium and three further chronomodulators. Here we show, relative to controls (n = 23), patients exhibited a wider distribution of circadian period (p < 0.05), and that patients with longer periods were medicated with a wider range of drugs, suggesting lower effectiveness of lithium. In agreement, patient fibroblasts with longer periods displayed muted circadian responses to lithium as well as to other chronomodulators that phenocopy lithium. These results show that lithium differentially impacts the circadian system in a patient-specific manner and its effect is dependent on the patient's circadian phenotype. We also found that lithium-induced behavioral changes in mice were phenocopied by modulation of the circadian system with drugs that target the clock, and that a dysfunctional clock ablates this response. Thus, chronomodulatory compounds offer a promising route to a novel treatment paradigm. These findings, upon larger-scale validation, could facilitate the implementation of a personalized approach for mood stabilization.
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15
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Chakraborti A, Graham C, Chehade S, Vashi B, Umfress A, Kurup P, Vickers B, Chen HA, Telange R, Berryhill T, Van Der Pol W, Powell M, Barnes S, Morrow C, Smith DL, Mukhtar MS, Watts S, Kennedy G, Bibb J. High Fructose Corn Syrup-Moderate Fat Diet Potentiates Anxio-Depressive Behavior and Alters Ventral Striatal Neuronal Signaling. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:669410. [PMID: 34121997 PMCID: PMC8187874 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.669410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms that mediate psychiatric comorbidities associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes remain obscure. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used in beverages and is often included in food products with moderate or high fat content that have been linked to many serious health issues including diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of such foods on the brain has not been fully characterized. Here, we evaluated the effects of long-term consumption of a HFCS-Moderate Fat diet (HFCS-MFD) on behavior, neuronal signal transduction, gut microbiota, and serum metabolomic profile in mice to better understand how its consumption and resulting obesity and metabolic alterations relate to behavioral dysfunction. Mice fed HFCS-MFD for 16 weeks displayed enhanced anxiogenesis, increased behavioral despair, and impaired social interactions. Furthermore, the HFCS-MFD induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and lowered serum levels of serotonin and its tryptophan-based precursors. Importantly, the HFCS-MFD altered neuronal signaling in the ventral striatum including reduced inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), increased expression of ΔFosB, increased Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32, and reduced PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA receptor. These findings suggest that HFCS-MFD-induced changes in the gut microbiota and neuroactive metabolites may contribute to maladaptive alterations in ventral striatal function that underlie neurobehavioral impairment. While future studies are essential to further evaluate the interplay between these factors in obesity and metabolic syndrome-associated behavioral comorbidities, these data underscore the important role of peripheral-CNS interactions in diet-induced behavioral and brain function. This study also highlights the clinical need to address neurobehavioral comorbidities associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sophie Chehade
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bijal Vashi
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alan Umfress
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Pradeep Kurup
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - H. Alexander Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rahul Telange
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Taylor Berryhill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William Van Der Pol
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mickie Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gregory Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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16
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Tinarelli F, Ivanova E, Colombi I, Barini E, Balzani E, Garcia CG, Gasparini L, Chiappalone M, Kelsey G, Tucci V. Cell-cell coupling and DNA methylation abnormal phenotypes in the after-hours mice. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 33407878 PMCID: PMC7789812 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation has emerged as an important epigenetic regulator of brain processes, including circadian rhythms. However, how DNA methylation intervenes between environmental signals, such as light entrainment, and the transcriptional and translational molecular mechanisms of the cellular clock is currently unknown. Here, we studied the after-hours mice, which have a point mutation in the Fbxl3 gene and a lengthened circadian period. Methods In this study, we used a combination of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches. We measured retinal responses in Afh animals and we have run reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS), pyrosequencing and gene expression analysis in a variety of brain tissues ex vivo. In vitro, we used primary neuronal cultures combined to micro electrode array (MEA) technology and gene expression. Results We observed functional impairments in mutant neuronal networks, and a reduction in the retinal responses to light-dependent stimuli. We detected abnormalities in the expression of photoreceptive melanopsin (OPN4). Furthermore, we identified alterations in the DNA methylation pathways throughout the retinohypothalamic tract terminals and links between the transcription factor Rev-Erbα and Fbxl3. Conclusions The results of this study, primarily represent a contribution towards an understanding of electrophysiological and molecular phenotypic responses to external stimuli in the Afh model. Moreover, as DNA methylation has recently emerged as a new regulator of neuronal networks with important consequences for circadian behaviour, we discuss the impact of the Afh mutation on the epigenetic landscape of circadian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tinarelli
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilaria Colombi
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Brain Development and Disease, NBT, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Erica Barini
- Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co, Knollstr, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Edoardo Balzani
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10006, USA
| | - Celina Garcia Garcia
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co, Knollstr, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michela Chiappalone
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valter Tucci
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB) Laboratory, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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17
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von Schantz M, Leocadio-Miguel MA, McCarthy MJ, Papiol S, Landgraf D. Genomic perspectives on the circadian clock hypothesis of psychiatric disorders. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 107:153-191. [PMID: 33641746 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are frequently described in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests a biological connection between mental health and circadian rhythmicity, including the circadian influence on brain function and mood and the requirement for circadian entrainment by external factors, which is often impaired in mental illness. Mental (as well as physical) health is also adversely affected by circadian misalignment. The marked interindividual differences in this combined susceptibility, in addition to the phenotypic spectrum in traits related both to circadian rhythms and mental health, suggested the possibility of a shared genetic background and that circadian clock genes may also be candidate genes for psychiatric disorders. This hypothesis was further strengthened by observations in animal models where clock genes had been knocked out or mutated. The introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enabled hypothesis-free testing. GWAS analysis of chronotype confirmed the prominent role of circadian genes in these phenotypes and their extensive polygenicity. However, in GWAS on psychiatric traits, only one clock gene, ARNTL (BMAL1) was identified as one of the few loci differentiating bipolar disorder from schizophrenia, and macaque monkeys where the ARNTL gene has been knocked out display symptoms similar to schizophrenia. Another lesson from genomic analyses is that chronotype has an important genetic correlation with several psychiatric disorders and that this effect is unidirectional. We conclude that the effect of circadian disturbances on psychiatric disorders probably relates to modulation of rhythm parameters and extend beyond the core clock genes themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm von Schantz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Mario A Leocadio-Miguel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Munich, Germany; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- Circadian Biology Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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18
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Abdel-Motal SM, Malhat SM, Mostafa HI, Moselhy AAA, Beheiry RR, Said EN. Curcumin mitigates neurotoxic and neurobehavioral changes of gentamicin and sodium salicylate in rats by adjusting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Life Sci 2020; 265:118824. [PMID: 33278387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, antibiotics and salicylates are the most highly consumed medications worldwide. The side effects of these pharmaceuticals on the nervous system have been little investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine the influence of the gentamicin (GM) and sodium salicylates (SS) on neurobehavioral functions, including locomotors function, memory, and sensorimotor functions together with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter levels. Also, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptotic indicators of brain tissue were assessed. Additionally, the histopathological architecture of brain tissues was investigated. This study also evaluated the curcumin (CUR) efficacy to counteract the GM or SS induced neurotoxic impacts in rats. For this purpose, seven groups were administered physiological saline (1 ml/rat; orally), olive oil (1 ml/rat; orally), CUR (50 mg/kg bwt; orally), GM (120 mg/kg bwt; intraperitoneally), SS (300 mg /kg bwt; intraperitoneally), CUR + GM, or CUR + SS for consecutive 15 days. The results revealed that GM and SS exposure evoked impaired memory, sensorimotor deficit functions, and depressive-like behavior together with the depletion of GABA. GM and SS exposure elevated malondialdehyde and Caspase-3 levels, but total antioxidant capacity and Bcl-2 levels were reduced. Besides, GM and SS exposure induced distinct pathological perturbations in cerebral cortices and hippocampus tissues. CUR significantly reversed the GM and SS harmful impacts. In conclusion, these findings verified that CUR could be a biologically efficient protective intervention against GM and SS induced neurotoxic impacts and neurobehavioral aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Sabry M Abdel-Motal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hend I Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Attia A A Moselhy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Beheiry
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Enas N Said
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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19
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Cao LB, Leung CK, Law PWN, Lv Y, Ng CH, Liu HB, Lu G, Ma JL, Chan WY. Systemic changes in a mouse model of VCD-induced premature ovarian failure. Life Sci 2020; 262:118543. [PMID: 33038381 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a phenomenon in which the ovaries fail before the age of 40 years. Prior research has used a wide range of mouse models designed to reflect different causes of POF, including genetic factors, iatrogenic factors, and immune factors. The current study employed a mouse model of POF induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). VCD can specifically kill primordial and primary ovarian follicles, which destroys the follicular reserve and causes POF. The current study sought to specify and extend the applications of this model by examining the effect of timing and VCD dose and by exploring the effect of the model on systems outside of the ovaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A VCD-induced mouse model of POF was constructed using established methods (VCD injected continuously at a concentration of 160 mg/kg for 15 days). Evidence for a graded effect of VCD was observed using a range of concentrations, and the best windows for examining VCD's effects on follicles and associated tissues were identified. KEY FINDINGS The mouse model used here successfully simulated two common complications of POF - emotional changes and decreased bone density. The model's application was then extended to examine the links between disease and intestinal microorganisms, and evidence was found linking POF to the reproductively relevant composition of the gut microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide novel methodological guidance for future research, and they significantly extend the applications and scope of VCD-induced POF mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Bao Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Chi Kwan Leung
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Wai-Nok Law
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Cheuk-Hei Ng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Bin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.
| | - Jin Long Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China; SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.
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20
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Porcu A, Vaughan M, Nilsson A, Arimoto N, Lamia K, Welsh DK. Vulnerability to helpless behavior is regulated by the circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13771-13782. [PMID: 32487727 PMCID: PMC7306774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000258117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central component of the midbrain dopamine reward circuit, exhibits disturbed circadian rhythms in the postmortem brains of depressed patients. We hypothesized that normal mood regulation requires proper circadian timing in the NAc, and that mood disorders are associated with dysfunctions of the NAc cellular circadian clock. In mice exhibiting stress-induced depression-like behavior (helplessness), we found altered circadian clock function and high nighttime expression of the core circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) in the NAc. In the NAc of helpless mice, we found that higher expression of CRY is associated with decreased activation of dopamine 1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs). Furthermore, D1R-MSN-specific CRY-knockdown in the NAc reduced susceptibility to stress-induced helplessness and increased NAc neuronal activation at night. Finally, we show that CRY inhibits D1R-induced G protein activation, likely by interacting with the Gs protein. Altered circadian rhythms and CRY expression were also observed in human fibroblasts from major depressive disorder patients. Our data reveal a causal role for CRY in regulating the midbrain dopamine reward system, and provide a mechanistic link between the NAc circadian clock and vulnerability to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Porcu
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Megan Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Natsuko Arimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Katja Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David K Welsh
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
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21
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Eroli F, Johnell K, Latorre Leal M, Adamo C, Hilmer S, Wastesson JW, Cedazo-Minguez A, Maioli S. Chronic polypharmacy impairs explorative behavior and reduces synaptic functions in young adult mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10147-10161. [PMID: 32445552 PMCID: PMC7346056 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in the health care system is the lack of knowledge about the possible harmful effects of multiple drug treatments in old age. The present study aims to characterize a mouse model of polypharmacy, in order to investigate whether long-term exposure to multiple drugs could lead to adverse outcomes. To this purpose we selected five drugs from the ten most commonly used by older adults in Sweden (metoprolol, paracetamol, aspirin, simvastatin and citalopram). Five-month-old wild type male mice were fed for eight weeks with control or polypharmacy diet. We report for the first time that young adult polypharmacy-treated mice showed a significant decrease in exploration and spatial working memory compared to the control group. This memory impairment was further supported by a significant reduction of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus of treated mice. These novel results suggest that already at young adult age, use of polypharmacy affects explorative behavior and synaptic functions. This study underlines the importance of investigating the potentially negative outcomes from concomitant administration of different drugs, which have been poorly explored until now. The mouse model proposed here has translatable findings and can be applied as a useful tool for future studies on polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Eroli
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Johnell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Latorre Leal
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Chiara Adamo
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sarah Hilmer
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hosptial and University of Sydney, Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Sidney, Australia
| | - Jonas W Wastesson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
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22
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Ansar M, Paracha SA, Serretti A, Sarwar MT, Khan J, Ranza E, Falconnet E, Iwaszkiewicz J, Shah SF, Qaisar AA, Santoni FA, Zoete V, Megarbane A, Ahmed J, Colombo R, Makrythanasis P, Antonarakis SE. Biallelic variants in FBXL3 cause intellectual disability, delayed motor development and short stature. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:972-979. [PMID: 30481285 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXL3 (F-Box and Leucine Rich Repeat Protein 3) encodes a protein that contains an F-box and several tandem leucine-rich repeats (LRR) domains. FBXL3 is part of the SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex that binds and leads to phosphorylation-dependent degradation of the central clock protein cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) by the proteasome and its absence causes circadian phenotypes in mice and behavioral problems. No FBXL3-related phenotypes have been described in humans. By a combination of exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping, we analyzed two consanguineous families with intellectual disability and identified homozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants in FBXL3. In the first family, from Pakistan, an FBXL3 frameshift variant [NM_012158.2:c.885delT:p.(Leu295Phefs*25)] was the onlysegregating variant in five affected individuals in two family loops (LOD score: 3.12). In the second family, from Lebanon, we identified a nonsense variant [NM_012158.2:c.445C>T:p.(Arg149*)]. In a third patient from Italy, a likely deleterious non-synonymous variant [NM_012158.2:c.1072T>C:p.(Cys358Arg)] was identified in homozygosity. Protein 3D modeling predicted that the Cys358Arg change influences the binding with CRY2 by destabilizing the structure of the FBXL3, suggesting that this variant is also likely to be LoF. The eight affected individuals from the three families presented with a similar phenotype that included intellectual disability, developmental delay, short stature and mild facial dysmorphism, mainly large nose with a bulbous tip. The phenotypic similarity and the segregation analysis suggest that FBXL3 biallelic, LoF variants link this gene with syndromic autosomal recessive developmental delay/intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sohail Aziz Paracha
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Muhammad T Sarwar
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Falconnet
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Iwaszkiewicz
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Batiment Genopode, Unil Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sayyed Fahim Shah
- Department of Medicine, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat, Pakistan
| | | | - Federico A Santoni
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Batiment Genopode, Unil Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Fundamental Oncology, Lausanne University, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Route de la Corniche 9A, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University IRCCS Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Center for the Study of Rare Hereditary Diseases, Niguarda Ca' Granda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Periklis Makrythanasis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Neuroprotective Role of Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Presence of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Degeneration in Aged Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051741. [PMID: 32143275 PMCID: PMC7084583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As major components of neuronal membranes, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) exhibit a wide range of regulatory functions. Recent human and animal studies indicate that n-3 PUFA may exert beneficial effects on aging processes. Here we analyzed the neuroprotective influence of n-3 PUFA supplementation on behavioral deficits, hippocampal neurogenesis, volume loss, and astrogliosis in aged mice that underwent a selective depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Such a lesion represents a valid model to mimic a key component of the cognitive deficits associated with dementia. Aged mice were supplemented with n-3 PUFA or olive oil (as isocaloric control) for 8 weeks and then cholinergically depleted with mu-p75-saporin immunotoxin. Two weeks after lesioning, mice were behaviorally tested to assess anxious, motivational, social, mnesic, and depressive-like behaviors. Subsequently, morphological and biochemical analyses were performed. In lesioned aged mice the n-3 PUFA pre-treatment preserved explorative skills and associative retention memory, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and reduced volume and VAChT levels loss as well as astrogliosis in hippocampus. The present findings demonstrating that n-3 PUFA supplementation before cholinergic depletion can counteract behavioral deficits and hippocampal neurodegeneration in aged mice advance a low-cost, non-invasive preventive tool to enhance life quality during aging.
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24
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The Biology of F-box Proteins: The SCF Family of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:111-122. [PMID: 31898225 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
F-box proteins function as substrate adaptors for the S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1)-cullin 1 (CUL1)-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediate the proteasomal degradation of a diverse range of regulatory proteins. 20 years since the F-box protein family has been discovered, our understanding of substrate-recognition regulation and the roles F-box proteins play in cellular processes has continued to expand. Here, we provide an introduction to the discovery and classification of F-box proteins, the overall structural assembly of SCF complexes, the varied mechanisms by which F-box proteins recognize their substrates, and the role F-box proteins play in diseases and their potentials in targeted therapies.
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25
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Abstract
Disruption of circadian clocks is strongly associated with mood disorders. Chronotherapies targeting circadian rhythms have been shown to be very effective treatments of mood disorders, but still are not widely used in clinical practice. The mechanisms by which circadian disruption leads to mood disorders are poorly characterized and, therefore, may not convince clinicians to apply chronotherapies. Hence, in this review, we describe specific potential mechanisms, in order to make this connection more credible to clinicians. We believe that four major features of disrupted clocks may contribute to the development of mood disorders: (1) loss of synchronization to environmental 24-h rhythms, (2) internal desynchronization among body clocks, (3) low rhythm amplitude, and (4) changes in sleep architecture. Discussing these attributes and giving plausible examples, we will discuss prospects for relatively simple chronotherapies addressing these features that are easy to implement in clinical practice. Key messages In this review, we describe specific potential mechanisms by which disrupted clocks may contribute to the development of mood disorders: (1) loss of synchronization to environmental 24-h rhythms, (2) internal desynchronization among body clocks, (3) low rhythm amplitude, and (4) changes in sleep architecture. We provide prospects for relatively simple chronotherapies addressing these features that are easy to implement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisja Hühne
- a Circadian Biology Group, Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
| | - David K Welsh
- b Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian Biology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- a Circadian Biology Group, Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
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26
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Musaelyan K, Aldridge S, Du Preez A, Egeland M, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM, Thuret S, Fernandes C. Repeated lipopolysaccharide exposure modifies immune and sickness behaviour response in an animal model of chronic inflammation. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:236-247. [PMID: 29338496 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117746902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated lipopolysaccharide exposure is often used in longitudinal preclinical models of depression. However, the potential phenotypic differences from acute depression-mimicking effects are rarely described. This study compared chronic lipopolysaccharide administration of doses previously used in depression research to a new mode of escalating dose injections. Adult male BALB/c mice ( n=8/group) were injected intraperitoneally with either a single 0.83 mg/kg dose, a repeated 0.1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide dose or a dose which escalated weekly from 0.33 to 0.83 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide for six weeks. The escalating lipopolysaccharide group demonstrated most features of sickness behaviour such as weight loss and reduction in food intake every week, whilst this effect was not sustained in other groups. Moreover, only in the escalating lipopolysaccharide group did most peripheral plasma cytokines levels, measured using Luminex multiplex technology, such as interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-2 remain over three-fold elevated on the sixth week. In addition, exposure to escalating doses led to a reduction of neuroblast maturation in the dentate gyrus relevant for depression neurobiology. Therefore, this mode of injections might be useful in the studies attempting to replicate neurobiological aspects of the chronic inflammatory state observed in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Musaelyan
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,3 MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Aldridge
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Du Preez
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Egeland
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- 3 MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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27
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Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Mood Disorders: Insights into the Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1504507. [PMID: 29230328 PMCID: PMC5694588 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1504507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus, orchestrates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The SCN consists of self-sustaining oscillators and receives photic and nonphotic cues, which entrain the SCN to the external environment. In turn, through synaptic and hormonal mechanisms, the SCN can drive and synchronize circadian rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues. Thus, genetic or environmental perturbations of SCN rhythms could disrupt brain regions more closely related to mood regulation and cause mood disturbances. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that provide evidence both for and against a causal role for the SCN in mood disorders.
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28
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Cutuli D, Berretta E, Pasqualini G, De Bartolo P, Caporali P, Laricchiuta D, Sampedro-Piquero P, Gelfo F, Pesoli M, Foti F, Begega A, Petrosini L. Influence of Pre-reproductive Maternal Enrichment on Coping Response to Stress and Expression of c-Fos and Glucocorticoid Receptors in Adolescent Offspring. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:73. [PMID: 28536510 PMCID: PMC5422443 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental setting broadly used for investigating the effects of complex social, cognitive, and sensorimotor stimulations on brain structure and function. Recent studies point out that parental EE experience, even occurring in the pre-reproductive phase, affects neural development and behavioral trajectories of the offspring. In the present study we investigated the influences of pre-reproductive EE of female rats on maternal behavior and adolescent male offspring's coping response to an inescapable stressful situation after chronic social isolation. For this purpose female Wistar rats were housed from weaning to breeding age in enriched or standard environments. Subsequently, all females were mated and housed in standard conditions until offspring weaning. On the first post partum day (ppd 1), mother-pup interactions in undisturbed conditions were recorded. Further, after weaning the male pups were reared for 2 weeks under social isolation or in standard conditions, and then submitted or not to a single-session Forced Swim Test (FST). Offspring's neuronal activation and plastic changes were identified by immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), and assessed by using stereological analysis. The biochemical correlates were measured in the hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate cortex, structures involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation. Enriched dams exhibited increased Crouching levels in comparison to standard reared dams. In the offspring of both kinds of dams, social isolation reduced body weight, decreased Immobility, and increased Swimming during FST. Moreover, isolated offspring of enriched dams exhibited higher levels of Climbing in comparison to controls. Interestingly, in the amygdala of both isolated and control offspring of enriched dams we found a lower number of c-Fos immunopositive cells in response to FST and a higher number of GRs in comparison to the offspring of standard dams. These results highlight the profound influence of a stressful condition, such as the social isolation, on the brain of adolescent rats, and underline intergenerational effects of maternal experiences in regulating the offspring response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Erica Berretta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Greta Pasqualini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy.,Department of TeCoS, Marconi UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Paola Caporali
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Daniela Laricchiuta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Patricia Sampedro-Piquero
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy.,Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataRome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pesoli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia UniversityCatanzaro, Italy
| | - Azucena Begega
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Department, University of OviedoOviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy.,Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy
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Circadian Forced Desynchrony of the Master Clock Leads to Phenotypic Manifestation of Depression in Rats. eNeuro 2017; 3:eN-NWR-0237-16. [PMID: 28090585 PMCID: PMC5216685 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0237-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a master circadian clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus maintains the phase coherence among a wide array of behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms. Affective disorders are typically associated with disruption of this fine-tuned “internal synchronization,” but whether this internal misalignment is part of the physiopathology of mood disorders is not clear. To date, depressive-like behavior in animal models has been induced by methods that fail to specifically target the SCN regulation of internal synchronization as the mode to generate depression. In the rat, exposure to a 22-h light-dark cycle (LD22) leads to the uncoupling of two distinct populations of neuronal oscillators within the SCN. This genetically, neurally, and pharmacologically intact animal model represents a unique opportunity to assess the effect of a systematic challenge to the central circadian pacemaker on phenotypic manifestations of mood disorders. We show that LD22 circadian forced desynchrony in rats induces depressive-like phenotypes including anhedonia, sexual dysfunction, and increased immobility in the forced swim test (FST), as well as changes in the levels and turnover rates of monoamines within the prefrontal cortex. Desynchronized rats show increased FST immobility during the dark (active) phase but decreased immobility during the light (rest) phase, suggesting a decrease in the amplitude of the normal daily oscillation in this behavioral manifestation of depression. Our results support the notion that the prolonged internal misalignment of circadian rhythms induced by environmental challenge to the central circadian pacemaker may constitute part of the etiology of depression.
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30
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Cutuli D, Pagani M, Caporali P, Galbusera A, Laricchiuta D, Foti F, Neri C, Spalletta G, Caltagirone C, Petrosini L, Gozzi A. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Functions and Neural Substrates: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:38. [PMID: 26973513 PMCID: PMC4777728 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and experimental studies have revealed putative neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in aging, evidencing positive correlations between peripheral n-3 PUFA levels and regional grey matter (GM) volume, as well as negative correlations between dietary n-3 PUFA levels and cognitive deficits. We recently showed that n-3 PUFA supplemented aged mice exhibit better hippocampal-dependent mnesic functions, along with enhanced cellular plasticity and reduced neurodegeneration, thus supporting a role of n-3 PUFA supplementation in preventing cognitive decline during aging. To corroborate these initial results and develop new evidence on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on brain substrates at macro-scale level, here we expanded behavioral analyses to the emotional domain (anxiety and coping skills), and carried out a fine-grained regional GM volumetric mapping by using high-resolution MRI-based voxel-based morphometry. The behavioral effects of 8 week n-3 PUFA supplementation were measured on cognitive (discriminative, spatial and social) and emotional (anxiety and coping) abilities of aged (19 month-old at the onset of study) C57B6/J mice. n-3 PUFA supplemented mice showed better mnesic performances as well as increased active coping skills. Importantly, these effects were associated with enlarged regional hippocampal, retrosplenial and prefrontal GM volumes, and with increased post mortem n-3 PUFA brain levels. These findings indicate that increased dietary n-3 PUFA intake in normal aging can improve fronto-hippocampal GM structure and function, an effect present also when the supplementation starts at late age. Our data are consistent with a protective role of n-3 PUFA supplementation in counteracting cognitive decline, emotional dysfunctions and brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy; University of Rome "Sapienza"Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRovereto, Italy; Center for Mind and Brain Sciences, University of TrentoRovereto, Italy
| | - Paola Caporali
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy; University of Rome "Sapienza"Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Galbusera
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Foti
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy; University of Rome "Sapienza"Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy; University of Rome "Sapienza"Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Rovereto, Italy
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31
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Holden JM, Slivicki R, Dahl R, Dong X, Dwyer M, Holley W, Knott C. Behavioral effects of mefloquine in tail suspension and light/dark tests. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:702. [PMID: 26609504 PMCID: PMC4648841 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Liang J, Yuan X, Shi S, Wang F, Chen Y, Qu C, Chen J, Hu D, Yang B. Effect and mechanism of fluoxetine on electrophysiology in vivo in a rat model of postmyocardial infarction depression. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:763-72. [PMID: 25709400 PMCID: PMC4330040 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s75863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is diagnosed in 18% of patients following myocardial infarction (MI), and the antidepressant fluoxetine is shown to effectively decrease depressive symptoms and improve coronary heart disease prognosis. We observed the effect of fluoxetine on cardiac electrophysiology in vivo in a rat model of post-MI depression and the potential mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control (control group), MI (MI group), depression (depression group), post-MI depression (model group), and post-MI depression treated with intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg fluoxetine (fluoxetine group). MI was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Depression was developed by 4-week chronic mild stress (CMS). Behavior measurement was done before and during the experiment. Electrophysiology study in vivo and Western blot analysis were carried on after 4 weeks of CMS. After 4 weeks of CMS, depression-like behaviors were observed in the MI, depression, and model groups, and chronic fluoxetine administration could significantly improve those behaviors (P<0.05 vs model group). Fluoxetine significantly increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold compared with the model group (20.20±9.32 V vs 14.67±1.85 V, P<0.05). Expression of Kv4.2 was significantly reduced by 29%±12%, 24%±6%, and 41%±15%, respectively, in the MI group, CMS group, and model group, which could be improved by fluoxetine (30%±9%). But fluoxetine showed no improvement on the MI-induced loss of Cx43. CONCLUSION The susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias was increased in depression and post-MI depression rats, and fluoxetine may reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia in post-MI depression rats and thus improve the prognosis. This may be related in part to the upregulation of Kv4.2 by fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Chachua T, Goletiani C, Maglakelidze G, Sidyelyeva G, Daniel M, Morris E, Miller J, Shang E, Wolgemuth DJ, Greenberg DA, Velíšková J, Velíšek L. Sex-specific behavioral traits in the Brd2 mouse model of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:702-12. [PMID: 25130458 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic generalized epilepsy represents about 30-35% of all epilepsies in humans. The bromodomain BRD2 gene has been repeatedly associated with the subsyndrome of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Our previous work determined that mice haploinsufficient in Brd2 (Brd2+/-) have increased susceptibility to provoked seizures, develop spontaneous seizures and have significantly decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) markers in the direct basal ganglia pathway as well as in the neocortex and superior colliculus. Here, we tested male and female Brd2+/- and wild-type littermate mice in a battery of behavioral tests (open field, tube dominance test, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze and Barnes maze) to identify whether Brd2 haploinsufficiency is associated with the human behavioral patterns, the so-called JME personality. Brd2+/- females but not males consistently displayed decreased anxiety. Furthermore, we found a highly significant dominance trait (aggression) in the Brd2+/- mice compared with the wild type, more pronounced in females. Brd2+/- mice of either sex did not differ from wild-type mice in spatial learning and memory tests. Compared with wild-type littermates, we found decreased numbers of GABA neurons in the basolateral amygdala, which is consistent with the increase in aggressive behavior. Our results indicate that Brd2+/- haploinsufficient mice show no cognitive impairment but have behavioral traits similar to those found in patients with JME (recklessness, aggression). This suggests that either the BRD2 gene is directly responsible for influencing many traits of JME or it controls upstream regulators of individual phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chachua
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Logan RW, Williams WP, McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and addiction: mechanistic insights and future directions. Behav Neurosci 2014; 128:387-412. [PMID: 24731209 DOI: 10.1037/a0036268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are prominent in many physiological and behavioral functions. Circadian disruptions either by environmental or molecular perturbation can have profound health consequences, including the development and progression of addiction. Both animal and humans studies indicate extensive bidirectional relationships between the circadian system and drugs of abuse. Addicted individuals display disrupted rhythms, and chronic disruption or particular chronotypes may increase the risk for substance abuse and relapse. Moreover, polymorphisms in circadian genes and an evening chronotype have been linked to mood and addiction disorders, and recent efforts suggest an association with the function of reward neurocircuitry. Animal studies are beginning to determine how altered circadian gene function results in drug-induced neuroplasticity and behaviors. Many studies suggest a critical role for circadian rhythms in reward-related pathways in the brain and indicate that drugs of abuse directly affect the central circadian pacemaker. In this review, we highlight key findings demonstrating the importance of circadian rhythms in addiction and how future studies will reveal important mechanistic insights into the involvement of circadian rhythms in drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Logan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Wilbur P Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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35
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Ikeda Y, Kumagai H, Skach A, Sato M, Yanagisawa M. Modulation of circadian glucocorticoid oscillation via adrenal opioid-CXCR7 signaling alters emotional behavior. Cell 2014; 155:1323-36. [PMID: 24315101 PMCID: PMC3934808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating glucocorticoid levels oscillate with a robust circadian rhythm, yet the physiological relevance of this rhythmicity remains unclear. Here, we show that modulation of circadian glucocorticoid oscillation by enhancing its amplitude leads to anxiolytic-like behavior. We observed that mice with adrenal subcapsular cell hyperplasia (SCH), a common histological change in the adrenals, are less anxious than mice without SCH. This behavioral change was found to be dependent on the higher amplitude of glucocorticoid oscillation, although the total glucocorticoid secretion is not increased in these mice. Genetic and pharmacologic experiments demonstrated that intermediate opioid peptides secreted from SCH activate CXCR7, a β-arrestin-biased G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), to augment circadian oscillation of glucocorticoid levels in a paracrine manner. Furthermore, recapitulating this paracrine axis by subcutaneous administration of a synthetic CXCR7 ligand is sufficient to induce anxiolytic-like behavior. Adrenocortical β-arrestin-biased GPCR signaling is a potential target for modulating circadian glucocorticoid oscillation and emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8584, USA
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36
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Jager J, O'Brien WT, Manlove J, Krizman EN, Fang B, Gerhart-Hines Z, Robinson MB, Klein PS, Lazar MA. Behavioral changes and dopaminergic dysregulation in mice lacking the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:490-8. [PMID: 24552589 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of behavior by the molecular components of the circadian clock is not well understood. Here we report that mice lacking the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα, a potent transcriptional repressor and core clock component, displayed marked hyperactivity and impaired response habituation in novel environments. In addition, Rev-erbα knockout (KO) mice were deficient in short-term, long-term, and contextual memories and also showed impairment in nest-building ability. Together, these results suggest that Rev-erbα KO mice manifest defective hippocampal function. Interestingly, the changes in novelty-induced locomotor activity of Rev-erbα KO mice were comparable at multiple times of day, potentially due to the muted amplitude of Rev-erbα oscillation in the hippocampus of wild-type mice. Hippocampal dopamine turnover was increased in Rev-erbα KO mice, due to up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine production, and pharmacologic inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity partially rescued locomotor hyperactivity. These findings reveal a novel, nonredundant function for Rev-erbα that links a core component of the circadian gene-regulatory network to the control of dopaminergic and hippocampus-dependent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jager
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.J., B.F., Z.G-H., M.A.L.), Department of Neurosciences (W.T.O., J.M.), and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine (P.S.K.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute (E.N.K., M.B.R.), Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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37
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De Bundel D, Gangarossa G, Biever A, Bonnefont X, Valjent E. Cognitive dysfunction, elevated anxiety, and reduced cocaine response in circadian clock-deficient cryptochrome knockout mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:152. [PMID: 24187535 PMCID: PMC3807562 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock comprises a set of genes involved in cell-autonomous transcriptional feedback loops that orchestrate the expression of a range of downstream genes, driving circadian patterns of behavior. Cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorders have been associated with disruptions in circadian rhythm and circadian clock genes, but the causal relationship of these associations is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate the effect of genetic disruption of the circadian clock, through deletion of both paralogs of the core gene cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2). Mice lacking Cry1 and Cry2 (Cry1(-/-)Cry2(-/-) ) displayed attenuated dark phase and novelty-induced locomotor activity. Moreover, they showed impaired recognition memory but intact fear memory. Depression-related behaviors in the forced swim test or sucrose preference tests were unaffected but Cry1(-/-)Cry2(-/-) mice displayed increased anxiety in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Finally, hyperlocomotion and striatal phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by a single cocaine administration are strongly reduced in Cry1(-/-)Cry2(-/-) mice. Interestingly, only some behavioral measures were affected in mice lacking either Cry1 or Cry2. Notably, recognition memory was impaired in both Cry1(-/-)Cry2(+/+) and Cry1(+/+)Cry2(-/-) mice. Moreover, we further observed elevated anxiety in Cry1(-/-)Cry2(+/+) and Cry1(+/+)Cry2(-/-) mice. Our data indicate that beyond their role in the control of circadian rhythm, cryptochrome genes have a direct influence in cognitive function, anxiety-related behaviors and sensitivity to psychostimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri De Bundel
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle Montpellier, France ; INSERM, U661 Montpellier, France ; Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR-5203 Montpellier, France
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38
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Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in neuropsychiatric illness. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:888-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Niculescu AB. Convergent functional genomics of psychiatric disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:587-94. [PMID: 23728881 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and gene expression studies, in humans and animal models of psychiatric and other medical disorders, are becoming increasingly integrated. Particularly for genomics, the convergence and integration of data across species, experimental modalities and technical platforms is providing a fit-to-disease way of extracting reproducible and biologically important signal, in contrast to the fit-to-cohort effect and limited reproducibility of human genetic analyses alone. With the advent of whole-genome sequencing and the realization that a major portion of the non-coding genome may contain regulatory variants, Convergent Functional Genomics (CFG) approaches are going to be essential to identify disease-relevant signal from the tremendous polymorphic variation present in the general population. Such work in psychiatry can provide an example of how to address other genetically complex disorders, and in turn will benefit by incorporating concepts from other areas, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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McClung CA. How might circadian rhythms control mood? Let me count the ways.. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:242-9. [PMID: 23558300 PMCID: PMC3725187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders are serious diseases that affect a large portion of the population. There have been many hypotheses put forth over the years to explain the development of major depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders. These hypotheses include disruptions in monoamine transmission, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function, immune function, neurogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuropeptide signaling (to name a few). Nearly all people suffering from mood disorders have significant disruptions in circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle. In fact, altered sleep patterns are one of the major diagnostic criteria for these disorders. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms, including shift work, travel across time zones, and irregular social schedules, tend to precipitate or exacerbate mood-related episodes. Recent studies have found that molecular clocks are found throughout the brain and body where they participate in the regulation of most physiological processes, including those thought to be involved in mood regulation. This review will summarize recent data that implicate the circadian system as a vital regulator of a variety of systems that are thought to play a role in the development of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry and Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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41
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Skaar JR, Pagan JK, Pagano M. Mechanisms and function of substrate recruitment by F-box proteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:369-81. [PMID: 23657496 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
S phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1)-cullin 1 (CUL1)-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complexes use a family of F-box proteins as substrate adaptors to mediate the degradation of a large number of regulatory proteins involved in diverse processes. The dysregulation of SCF complexes and their substrates contributes to multiple pathologies. In the 14 years since the identification and annotation of the F-box protein family, the continued identification and characterization of novel substrates has greatly expanded our knowledge of the regulation of substrate targeting and the roles of F-box proteins in biological processes. Here, we focus on the evolution of our understanding of substrate recruitment by F-box proteins, the dysregulation of substrate recruitment in disease and potential avenues for F-box protein-directed disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Skaar
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, SRB 1107, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Thompson RS, Christianson JP, Maslanik TM, Maier SF, Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Effects of stressor controllability on diurnal physiological rhythms. Physiol Behav 2013; 112-113:32-9. [PMID: 23454291 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions in circadian and diurnal rhythms are associated with stress-related psychiatric disorders and stressor exposure can disrupt these rhythms. The controllability of the stressor can modulate various behavioral and neurochemical responses to stress. Uncontrollable, but not controllable, stress produces behaviors in rats that resemble symptoms of anxiety and depression. Whether acute stress-induced disruptions in physiological rhythms are sensitive to controllability of the stressor, however, remains unknown. To examine the role of controllability in diurnal rhythm disruption, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with Data Sciences International (DSI) biotelemetry devices. Real-time measurements were obtained before, during and after exposure to a controllable or yoked uncontrollable stressor. Controllable and uncontrollable stress equally disrupted diurnal rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature but not heart rate. The diurnal heart rate the day following stressor exposure was flattened to a greater extent and was significantly higher in rats with control over stress suggesting a relationship between stressor controllability and the heart rate response. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that acute stress-induced disruptions in diurnal physiological rhythms likely contribute little to the behavioral and affective consequences of stress that are sensitive to stressor controllability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Thompson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
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Foster RG, Peirson SN, Wulff K, Winnebeck E, Vetter C, Roenneberg T. Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Social Jetlag and Mental Illness. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 119:325-46. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396971-2.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Evans JA, Davidson AJ. Health consequences of circadian disruption in humans and animal models. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 119:283-323. [PMID: 23899601 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396971-2.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in behavior and physiology are programmed by a hierarchical collection of biological clocks located throughout the brain and body, known as the circadian system. Mounting evidence indicates that disruption of circadian regulation is associated with a wide variety of adverse health consequences, including increased risk for premature death, cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular dysfunction, immune dysregulation, reproductive problems, mood disorders, and learning deficits. Here we review the evidence for the pervasive effects of circadian disruption in humans and animal models, drawing from both environmental and genetic studies, and identify questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Evans
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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45
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Abstract
Identifying genes involved in behavioural disorders in man is a challenge as the cause is often multigenic and the phenotype is modulated by environmental cues. Mouse mutants are a valuable tool for identifying novel pathways underlying specific neurological phenotypes and exploring the influence both genetic and non-genetic factors. Many human variants causing behavioural disorders are not gene deletions but changes in levels of expression or activity of a gene product; consequently, large-scale mouse ENU mutagenesis has the advantage over the study of null mutants in that it generates a range of point mutations that frequently mirror the subtlety and heterogeneity of human genetic lesions. ENU mutants have provided novel and clinically relevant functional information on genes that influence many aspects of mammalian behaviour, from neuropsychiatric endophenotypes to circadian rhythms. This review will highlight some of the most important findings that have been made using this method in several key areas of neurological disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Oliver
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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