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Mahmood MA, Ahmed N, Hussain A, Naqvi RZ, Amin I, Mansoor S. Dominance of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan strain associated with third epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13532. [PMID: 38866855 PMCID: PMC11169534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an economically potent crop in many countries including Pakistan, India, and China. For the last three decades, cotton production is under the constant stress of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by begomoviruses/satellites complex that is transmitted through the insect pest, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). In 2018, we identified a highly recombinant strain; Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan (CLCuMuV-Raj), associated with the Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite-Vehari (CLCuMuBVeh). This strain is dominant in cotton-growing hub areas of central Punjab, Pakistan, causing the third epidemic of CLCuD. In the present study, we have explored the CLCuD diversity from central to southern districts of Punjab (Faisalabad, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan) and the major cotton-growing region of Sindh (Tandojam), Pakistan for 2 years (2020-2021). Interestingly, we found same virus (CLCuMuV-Raj) and associated betasatellite (CLCuMuBVeh) strain that was previously reported with the third epidemic in the central Punjab region. Furthermore, we found minor mutations in two genes of CLCuMuV-Raj C4 and C1 in 2020 and 2021 respectively as compared to its isolates in 2018, which exhibited virus evolution. Surprisingly, we did not find these mutations in CLCuMuV-Raj isolates identified from Sindh province. The findings of the current study represent the stability of CLCuMuV-Raj and its spread toward the Sindh province where previously Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and Cotton leaf curl Shahdadpur virus (CLCuShV) have been reported. The findings of the current study demand future research on CLCuD complex to explore the possible reasons for prevalence in the field and how the virus-host-vector compatible interaction can be broken to develop resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Biotechnology and Microbiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Athar Hussain
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences (SFAS), University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Jain H, Singh I, Chahal S, Kaur R, Siwach P. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of Begomoviruses associated with Cotton leaf curl disease and in silico analysis of viral-host protein interactions. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106504. [PMID: 38122873 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), caused by numerous begomoviruses (BGVs), is a highly disastrous disease in cotton crops worldwide. To date, several efforts have shown limited success in controlling this disease. CLCuD-associated BGVs (CABs) are known for their high rate of intra and interspecific recombinations, which raises an urgent need to find an efficient and conserved target region to combat disease. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis of selected 11 CABs, along with associated alphasatellites, and betasatellites revealed a close evolutionary relationship among them. Recombination analysis of 1374 isolates of CABs revealed 54 recombination events for the major players of CLCuD in cotton and the Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) as the most recombinant CAB. Recombination breakpoints were frequent in all regions except C2 and C3. C3-encoded protein, known as viral replication enhancer (REn), promotes viral replication by enhancing the activity of replicase (Rep) protein. Both proteins were found to contain significantly conserved domains and motifs. The identified motifs were found crucial for their interaction with host protein PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen), facilitating viral replication. Interruption at the REn-PCNA and Rep-PCNA interactions by targeting the identified conserved motifs is proposed as a prospect to halt viral replication, after suitable experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Inderjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Shiwani Chahal
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Siwach
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India.
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Paunovic D, Rajkovic J, Novakovic R, Grujic-Milanovic J, Mekky RH, Popa D, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. The potential roles of gossypol as anticancer agent: advances and future directions. Chin Med 2023; 18:163. [PMID: 38098026 PMCID: PMC10722855 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gossypol, a polyphenolic aldehyde derived from cottonseed plants, has seen a transformation in its pharmaceutical application from a male contraceptive to a candidate for cancer therapy. This shift is supported by its recognized antitumor properties, which have prompted its investigation in the treatment of various cancers and related inflammatory conditions. This review synthesizes the current understanding of gossypol as an anticancer agent, focusing on its pharmacological mechanisms, strategies to enhance its clinical efficacy, and the status of ongoing clinical evaluations.The methodological approach to this review involved a systematic search across several scientific databases including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Scopus, and TRIP. Studies were meticulously chosen to cover various aspects of gossypol, from its chemical structure and natural sources to its pharmacokinetics and confirmed anticancer efficacy. Specific MeSH terms and keywords related to gossypol's antineoplastic applications guided the search strategy.Results from selected pharmacological studies indicate that gossypol inhibits the Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins, promoting apoptosis in tumor cells. Clinical trials, particularly phase I and II, reveal gossypol's promise as an anticancer agent, demonstrating efficacy and manageable toxicity profiles. The review identifies the development of gossypol derivatives and novel carriers as avenues to enhance therapeutic outcomes and mitigate adverse effects.Conclusively, gossypol represents a promising anticancer agent with considerable therapeutic potential. However, further research is needed to refine gossypol-based therapies, explore combination treatments, and verify their effectiveness across cancer types. The ongoing clinical trials continue to support its potential, suggesting a future where gossypol could play a significant role in cancer treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Paunovic
- Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Institute for Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Novakovic
- Center for Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Grujic-Milanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Reham Hassan Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dragos Popa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Mubin M, Shabbir A, Nahid N, Liaqat I, Hassan M, Aljarba NH, Qahtani AA, Fauquet CM, Ye J, Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS. Patterns of Genetic Diversity among Alphasatellites Infecting Gossypium Species. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070763. [PMID: 35890008 PMCID: PMC9319557 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphasatellites are small single-stranded circular DNA molecules associated with geminiviruses and nanoviruses. In this study, a meta-analysis of known alphasatellites isolated from the genus Gossypium (cotton) over the last two decades was performed. The phylogenetic and pairwise sequence identity analysis suggested that cotton-infecting begomoviruses were associated with at least 12 different alphasatellites globally. Three out of twelve alphasatellite were associated with cotton leaf curl geminiviruses but were not isolated from cotton plants. The cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite, which was initially isolated from cotton, has now been reported in several plant species, including monocot plants such as sugarcane. Our recombination analysis suggested that four alphasatellites, namely cotton leaf curl Lucknow alphasatellites, cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellites, Ageratum yellow vein Indian alphasatellites and Ageratum enation alphasatellites, evolved through recombination. Additionally, high genetic variability was detected among the cotton-infecting alphasatellites at the genome level. The nucleotide substitution rate for the replication protein of alphasatellites (alpha-Rep) was estimated to be relatively high (~1.56 × 10−3). However, unlike other begomoviruses and satellites, the first codon position of alpha-Rep rapidly changed compared to the second and third codon positions. This study highlights the biodiversity and recombination of alphasatellites associated with the leaf curl diseases of cotton crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, CABB University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.M.); (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Arzoo Shabbir
- Virology Lab, CABB University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.M.); (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Virology Lab, CABB University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.M.); (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Nada H. Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Al Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King FaisaI Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jian Ye
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman
- Virology Lab, CABB University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.M.); (A.S.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Crespo-Bellido A, Hoyer JS, Dubey D, Jeannot RB, Duffy S. Interspecies Recombination Has Driven the Macroevolution of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses. J Virol 2021; 95:e0054121. [PMID: 34106000 PMCID: PMC8354330 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00541-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) significantly hamper crop production and threaten food security around the world. The frequent emergence of new begomovirus genotypes is facilitated by high mutation frequencies and the propensity to recombine and reassort. Homologous recombination has been especially implicated in the emergence of novel cassava mosaic begomovirus (CMB) genotypes, which cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD). Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a staple food crop throughout Africa and an important industrial crop in Asia, two continents where production is severely constrained by CMD. The CMD species complex is comprised of 11 bipartite begomovirus species with ample distribution throughout Africa and the Indian subcontinent. While recombination is regarded as a frequent occurrence for CMBs, a revised, systematic assessment of recombination and its impact on CMB phylogeny is currently lacking. We assembled data sets of all publicly available, full-length DNA-A (n = 880) and DNA-B (n = 369) nucleotide sequences from the 11 recognized CMB species. Phylogenetic networks and complementary recombination detection methods revealed extensive recombination among the CMB sequences. Six out of the 11 species descended from unique interspecies recombination events. Estimates of recombination and mutation rates revealed that all species experience mutation more frequently than recombination, but measures of population divergence indicate that recombination is largely responsible for the genetic differences between species. Our results support that recombination has significantly impacted the CMB phylogeny and has driven speciation in the CMD species complex. IMPORTANCE Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is a significant threat to cassava production throughout Africa and Asia. CMD is caused by a complex comprised of 11 recognized virus species exhibiting accelerated rates of evolution, driven by high frequencies of mutation and genetic exchange. Here, we present a systematic analysis of the contribution of genetic exchange to cassava mosaic virus species-level diversity. Most of these species emerged as a result of genetic exchange. This is the first study to report the significant impact of genetic exchange on speciation in a group of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Crespo-Bellido
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - J. Steen Hoyer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Divya Dubey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ronica B. Jeannot
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Siobain Duffy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Iqbal Z, Sattar MN, Khurshid M. Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite as a Tool to Study the Localization of Geminiviruses in Plants. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Badar U, Venkataraman S, AbouHaidar M, Hefferon K. Molecular interactions of plant viral satellites. Virus Genes 2020; 57:1-22. [PMID: 33226576 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant viral satellites fall under the category of subviral agents. Their genomes are composed of small RNA or DNA molecules a few hundred nucleotides in length and contain an assortment of highly complex and overlapping functions. Each lacks the ability to either replicate or undergo encapsidation or both in the absence of a helper virus (HV). As the number of known satellites increases steadily, our knowledge regarding their sequence conservation strategies, means of replication and specific interactions with host and helper viruses is improving. This review demonstrates that the molecular interactions of these satellites are unique and highly complex, largely influenced by the highly specific host plants and helper viruses that they associate with. Circularized forms of single-stranded RNA are of particular interest, as they have recently been found to play a variety of novel cellular functions. Linear forms of satRNA are also of great significance as they may complement the helper virus genome in exacerbating symptoms, or in certain instances, actively compete against it, thus reducing symptom severity. This review serves to describe the current literature with respect to these molecular mechanisms in detail as well as to discuss recent insights into this emerging field in terms of evolution, classification and symptom development. The review concludes with a discussion of future steps in plant viral satellite research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Badar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mounir AbouHaidar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Venkataravanappa V, Ashwathappa KV, Reddy CNL, Shankarappa KS, Reddy MK. Characterization of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus associated with leaf curl and yellowing disease of Watermelon and development of LAMP assay for its detection. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:282. [PMID: 32550101 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by begomoviruses are becoming the major limiting factors for the production of watermelon in India. Survey for the incidence of plants showing symptoms typical to begomovirus infection was conducted in watermelon fields. The study revealed that 40% of the watermelon plants were showing the yellowing and downward curling symptoms. Twenty infected samples were collected from the different farmer's fields to know the association of begomoviruses. The PCR amplification using begomovirus-specific primers resulted in an expected 1.2 kb PCR product indicating the begomovirus association with the watermelon samples. The sequence comparison results of 1.2 kb representing partial genome revealed that all sequences obtained from watermelon samples have a nucleotide (nt) identity of more than 98% among them and are maximum homology with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). One watermelon sample (WM1) was selected for complete genome amplification using RCA method (rolling-circle amplification). Amplification of DNA B and no amplification of betasatellites and alphasatellite indicated this virus as bipartite. Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) analysis of the DNA A component of the WM1 isolate showed the maximum nt identity of 94.6-97.9% and 85.2-95.8% with ToLCNDV infecting cucurbits. The recombinant analysis showed that the genome was likely to be derived from the recombination of already reported begomoviruses (ToLCNDV, ToLCPalV, and MYMIV) infecting diverse crops. The whitefly cryptic species predominant in the begomovirus-infected watermelon fields were identified as Asia-II-5 group. The LAMP assay developed based on coat protein gene sequence was able to detect the ToLCNDV in the infected samples. Visual detection of the LAMP-amplified products was observed with the hydroxy naphthol blue. LAMP assay was also validated with ToLCNDV infected sponge gourd, spine gourd, ivy gourd, ridge gourd, and cucumber. This is the first report of ToLCNDV association with leaf curl and yellowing disease of watermelon from India and World based on complete genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089 Karnataka India
- Division of Plant Pathology, Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Chettalli, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, India
| | - K V Ashwathappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089 Karnataka India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka India
| | - K S Shankarappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Bangaluru, 560065 India
- University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089 Karnataka India
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Mubin M, Ijaz S, Nahid N, Hassan M, Younus A, Qazi J, Nawaz-Ul-Rehman MS. Journey of begomovirus betasatellite molecules: from satellites to indispensable partners. Virus Genes 2019; 56:16-26. [PMID: 31773493 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Betasatellites are a group of circular, single-stranded DNA molecules that are frequently found to be associated with monopartite begomoviruses of the family Geminiviridae. Betasatellites require their helper viruses for replication, movement, and encapsidation and they are often essential for induction of typical disease symptoms. The βC1 protein encoded by betasatellites is multifunctional that participates in diverse cellular events. It interferes with several cellular processes like normal development, chloroplasts, and innate immune system of plants. Recent research has indicated βC1 protein interaction with cellular proteins and its involvement in modulation of the host's cell cycle and symptom determination. This article focuses on the functional mechanisms of βC1 and its interactions with other viral and host proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Ijaz
- Virology Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Virology Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Younus
- Laser Matter Interaction and Nano-sciences Lab, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Qazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Non-cultivated Cotton Species ( Gossypium spp.) Act as a Reservoir for Cotton Leaf Curl Begomoviruses and Associated Satellites. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8050127. [PMID: 31091727 PMCID: PMC6571856 DOI: 10.3390/plants8050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A collection of cultivated and non-cultivated species of cotton (Gossypium spp.) has been maintained for the last four decades in Multan, Pakistan. This geographical location has been observed as a hotspot for the evolution of begomoviruses and satellites associated with cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). Recent studies showed that begomoviruses responsible for the CLCuD epidemic in the 1990s, and that almost disappeared from the CLCuD complex in 2000s, have been observed again in CLCuD-infected cotton fields. To identify host species that acted as probable reservoirs for these viruses, we characterized begomoviruses and satellites in non-cultivated cotton species G. raimondii, G. thurberi and G. mustelinum and identified several species of CLCuD associated begomoviruses and satellites. Further, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the identified begomoviruses and beta/alphasatellites are closely related to the ones associated with the most recent CLCuD complex. qPCR indicated that the comparative level of virus significantly decreased in the presence of alphasatellites. Our results indicated that non-cultivated cotton species have been continuously challenged by diverse begomoviruses and associated satellites and act as reservoirs for CLCuD associated begomoviruses. These results provide novel insights into understanding the spread of begomoviruses and associated satellites in New World cotton species introduced into the Old World.
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Shadmany M, Boykin LM, Muhamad R, Omar D. Genetic Diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Species Complex Across Malaysia. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:75-84. [PMID: 30272175 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex with members capable of inducing huge economic losses. Precise identification of members of this complex proves essential in managing existing populations and preventing new incursions. Despite records of serious outbreaks of this pest in Malaysia little is known about species status of B. tabaci in this region. To address this, a comprehensive sampling of B. tabaci from different host plants was conducted in 10 states of Malaysia from 2010 to 2012. Members of the complex were identified by sequencing partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and constructing a Bayesian phylogenetic tree. Seven putative species were identified including Asia I, Mediterranean (MED), China 1, China 2, Asia II 6, Asia II 7, and Asia II 10. The most important finding of the study is the identification of the invasive MED species from locations without previous records of this species. All putative species except Asia I and MED are recorded from Malaysia for the first time. This study provided the first introductory map of B. tabaci species composition in Malaysia and emphasizes the urgent need for further studies to assess the status of MED invasion in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shadmany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura M Boykin
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia
| | - R Muhamad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dzolkhifli Omar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Pan LL, Cui XY, Chen QF, Wang XW, Liu SS. Cotton Leaf Curl Disease: Which Whitefly Is the Vector? PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1172-1183. [PMID: 29714092 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-18-0015-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease is one of the most significant constraints to the production of cotton. In the past decades our understanding of the begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) causing the disease has improved, but little is known regarding transmission of these viruses by the different species of whiteflies in the Bemisia tabaci complex. We compared transmission efficiency of cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), one of the major begomoviruses associated with cotton leaf curl disease, by four whitefly species, of which two are indigenous to Asia and two are invasive worldwide. Only the indigenous Asia II 1 species was able to transmit this virus with high efficiency. By quantifying the virus and using immunoflorescence assays, we found that the differential transmission was associated with the varying efficiency of CLCuMuV to cross the midgut of various whitefly species. Further, we verified the role of coat protein in the whitefly transmission of CLCuMuV. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the virus coat proteins, we found that most begomoviruses associated with cotton leaf curl disease might share similar whitefly transmission characteristics. These findings advance our understanding of the nature of cotton leaf curl disease and provide information for the development of control and preventive strategies against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi-Yun Cui
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qun-Fang Chen
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Jeske H. Barcoding of Plant Viruses with Circular Single-Stranded DNA Based on Rolling Circle Amplification. Viruses 2018; 10:E469. [PMID: 30200312 PMCID: PMC6164888 DOI: 10.3390/v10090469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience with a diagnostic technology based on rolling circle amplification (RCA), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses, and direct or deep sequencing (Circomics) over the past 15 years is surveyed for the plant infecting geminiviruses, nanoviruses and associated satellite DNAs, which have had increasing impact on agricultural and horticultural losses due to global transportation and recombination-aided diversification. Current state methods for quarantine measures are described to identify individual DNA components with great accuracy and to recognize the crucial role of the molecular viral population structure as an important factor for sustainable plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jeske
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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14
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Zhao L, Zhong J, Zhang X, Yin Y, Li T, Ding M. Two distinct begomoviruses associated with an alphasatellite coinfecting Emilia sonchifolia in Thailand. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1695-1699. [PMID: 29435710 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emilia sonchifolia is a traditionally used medicinal plant that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Yellow vein symptoms were observed in E. sonchifolia plants in fields in the county of Koh Samui, Surat Thani Province, Thailand, in August 2015. Two distinct begomoviruses, designated TH4872-6 and TH4872-9, and an associated alphasatellite were obtained from an E. sonchifolia leaf sample (TH4872). Sequence analysis showed that the full-length sequence of TH4872-6 was most closely related to that of ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV), with 85.7% identity, suggesting that it is a novel begomovirus, while the TH4872-9 sequence closely resembled cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) with 99.1% identity. The alphasatellite sequence showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity (92.8%) to an isolate of tobacco curly shoot alphasatellite (TbCSA) originating from China. Recombination analysis revealed that the isolate TH4872-6 is a potential recombinant begomovirus, derived from ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV) and tobacco leaf curl Thailand virus (TbLCTHV). This study represents the first report of begomoviruses identified in E. sonchifolia in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zhao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9# Xueyun Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9# Xueyun Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9# Xueyun Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyan Yin
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9# Xueyun Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9# Xueyun Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ding
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9# Xueyun Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Datta S, Budhauliya R, Das B, Gopalakrishnan R, Sharma S, Chatterjee S, Vanlalhmuaka, Raju PS, Veer V. Rebound of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus and its exclusive detection in cotton leaf curl disease outbreak, Punjab (India), 2015. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17361. [PMID: 29234082 PMCID: PMC5727119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) outbreaks caused by CLCuD associated begomoviruses (CABs) significantly constrain cotton production in India and Pakistan. In comparison to the CABs circulating in Pakistan, molecular epidemiology, evolution and recombination patterns of CABs circulating in India are less studied. In this work, we characterized CAB complex sequences obtained from the most recent outbreak (Punjab, India, 2015), and rigorously analyzed them with reference to GenBank sequences, submitted from India, Pakistan and other neighbouring countries, using contemporary bioinformatics approaches. In this manuscript, we illustrate the detection of a recombinant, phylogenetically distinct clade of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), suggesting rebound of CLCuMuV in this region. Interestingly, we could not detect Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala strain (CLCuKoV-Bu), which was prevalent in this region, until now. Our study thus indicates substitution of the 'virulent resistance breaking' CLCuKoV-Bu by the re-emerging CLCuMuV recombinants. Our findings corroborate with that of a very recent study from Pakistan and we here discuss epidemiological links between the CAB complexes reported in these two studies. Taken together, these observations signify a shifting epidemiology of CABs, and seem to correlate with the recent prediction of the 'third epidemic' of CLCuD in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibnarayan Datta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India.
| | - Raghvendra Budhauliya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
| | - Bidisha Das
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
| | - Reji Gopalakrishnan
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India.,Vector Management Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE-DRDO), Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - Sonika Sharma
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
| | - Vanlalhmuaka
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
| | - P Srinivas Raju
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
| | - Vijay Veer
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL-DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
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16
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Real-time quantitative PCR assay for the quantification of virus and satellites causing leaf curl disease in cotton in Pakistan. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Hassan I, Amin I, Mansoor S, Briddon RW. Further changes in the cotton leaf curl disease complex: an indication of things to come? Virus Genes 2017; 53:759-761. [PMID: 28721488 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) has been a problem for cotton production in Pakistan and India since the early 1990s. The disease is caused by begomoviruses associated with a specific satellite, the cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). In 2001, resistance introduced into cotton was broken by a recombinant begomovirus, Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus strain Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bur). Unusually, in resistant cotton, this virus lacked an intact transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) gene, with the capacity to encode only 35 of the usual ~134 amino acids. Recently, isolates of CLCuKoV-Bur with a longer, but still truncated, TrAP gene have been identified in cotton breeding lines lacking the earlier resistance. This suggests that more pathogenic viruses with a full TrAP could return to cotton if the earlier resistance is not maintained in ongoing breeding efforts to produce CLCuD-resistant cotton varieties. This conclusion is supported by recent studies showing the reappearance of pre-resistance-breaking begomoviruses, with full-length TrAP genes, in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Hassan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Human Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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18
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Brown JK, Ur-Rehman MZ, Avelar S, Chingandu N, Hameed U, Haider S, Ilyas M. Molecular diagnostic development for begomovirus-betasatellite complexes undergoing diversification: A case study. Virus Res 2017; 241:29-41. [PMID: 28438632 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
At least five begomoviral species that cause leaf curl disease of cotton have emerged recently in Asia and Africa, reducing fiber quality and yield. The potential for the spread of these viruses to other cotton-vegetable growing regions throughout the world is extensive, owing to routine, global transport of alternative hosts of the leaf curl viruses, especially ornamentals. The research reported here describes the design and validation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers undertaken to facilitate molecular detection of the two most-prevalent leaf curl-associated begomovirus-betasatellite complexes in the Indian Subcontinent and Africa, the Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala strain and Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus, endemic to Asia and Africa, respectively. Ongoing genomic diversification of these begomoviral-satellite complexes was evident based on nucleotide sequence alignments, and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms, both factors that created new challenges for primer design. The additional requirement for species and strain-specific, and betasatellite-specific primer design, imposes further constraints on primer design and validation due to the large number of related species and strains extant in 'core leaf curl virus complex', now with expanded distribution in south Asia, the Pacific region, and Africa-Arabian Peninsula that have relatively highly conserved coding and non-coding regions, which precludes much of the genome-betasatellite sequence when selecting primer 'targets'. Here, PCR primers were successfully designed and validated for detection of cloned viral genomes and betasatellites for representative 'core leaf curl' strains and species, distant relatives, and total DNA isolated from selected plant species. The application of molecular diagnostics to screen plant imports prior to export or release from ports of entry is expected to greatly reduce the likelihood of exotic leaf curl virus introductions that could dramatically affect the production of cotton as well as vegetable and ornamental crop hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | | | - Sofia Avelar
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - N Chingandu
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Usman Hameed
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Haider
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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19
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Sattar MN, Iqbal Z, Tahir MN, Ullah S. The Prediction of a New CLCuD Epidemic in the Old World. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:631. [PMID: 28469604 PMCID: PMC5395620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), the most complex disease of cotton, is a major limiting biotic factor to worldwide cotton productivity. Several whitefly-transmitted monopartite begomoviruses causing CLCuD have been characterized and designated as CLCuD-associated begomoviruses. Despite of being reported over 100 years ago in Africa, CLCuD became economically pandemic causing massive losses to cotton production in Pakistan and India during past couple of decades. In Asia, cotton has faced two major epidemics during this period viz. "Multan epidemic" and "Burewala epidemic." The "Multan epidemic" era was 1988-1999 after which the virus remained calm until 2002 when "Burewala epidemic" broke into the cotton fields in Indo-Pak subcontinent, till 2013-2014. However, both the epidemics were caused by monopartite begomovirus complex. Similarly in Africa, Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus with associated DNA-satellites causes CLCuD. Quite recently, in the Old World (both Asia and Africa), bipartite begomoviruses have started appearing in the areas under cotton cultivation. Under such aggravated circumstances, it seems we are heading toward another epidemic of CLCuD in the Old World. Here we articulate the causes and potential emergence of the third epidemic of CLCuD in Asia. The current situation of CLCuD in Asia and Africa is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N. Sattar
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal UniversityAl-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Akhuwat-Faisalabad Institute of Research, Science and TechnologyFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sami Ullah
- University College of Agriculture, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
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20
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Vinoth Kumar R, Singh D, Singh AK, Chakraborty S. Molecular diversity, recombination and population structure of alphasatellites associated with begomovirus disease complexes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 49:39-47. [PMID: 28062387 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus, begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) includes a large number of viruses infecting a wide range of plant species worldwide. The majority of monopartite begomoviruses are associated with satellites (betasatellites) and/or satellite-like molecules (alphasatellites). In spite of the Indo-China region being regarded as the centre of origin of begomoviruses and satellites, a detailed study on the emergence and evolution of alphasatellites in India has not yet conducted. Our present analysis indicated the association of 22 alphasatellites with monopartite and bipartite begomovirus-betasatellite complexes in India. Based on sequence pairwise identity, these alphasatellites were categorized into five distinct groups: Cotton leaf curl alphasatellite, Gossypium darwinii symptomless alphasatellite, Gossypium mustelinum symptomless alphasatellite, Okra leaf curl alphasatellite and an unreported Chilli leaf curl alphasatellite (ChiLCA). Furthermore, infectivity analysis of the cloned ChiLCA along with the viral components of either cognate or non-cognate chilli-infecting begomoviruses on Nicotiana benthamiana suggested that ChiLCA is dispensable for leaf curl disease development. It is noteworthy that in the presence of ChiLCA, a marginal decrease in betasatellite DNA level was noticed. Additionally, high genetic variability and diverse recombination patterns were detected among these alphasatellites, and the nucleotide substitution rate for the Rep gene of ChiLCA was determined to be 2.25×10-3nucleotides/site/year. This study highlights the genetic distribution, and likely contribution of recombination and nucleotide diversity in facilitating the emergence of alphasatellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vinoth Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110 067, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110 067, India
| | - Achuit K Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110 067, India
| | - S Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110 067, India.
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21
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Kumar S, Srivastava A, Jaidi M, Chauhan PS, Raj SK. Molecular Characterization of a Begomovirus, α-Satellite, and β-Satellite Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Parthenium hysterophorus in India. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2299-2305. [PMID: 30682918 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-0982-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus plants exhibiting severe leaf curl and stunting symptoms were observed near agriculture fields in Lucknow, India. The association of a begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite with these symptoms of a Parthenium disease was investigated by sequence analyses of virus and satellite DNA amplified by rolling circle amplification and polymerase chain reaction. The highest sequence identities and closest phylogenetic relationships for the begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite detected in P. hysterophorus plants were to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), papaya leaf curl β-satellite (PaLCuB), and Ageratum yellow vein India α-satellite (AYVIA), respectively. These findings identified the virus and satellites infecting the Parthenium sp. as ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA, respectively. P. hysterophorus and tomato seedlings infected with cloned ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA by agroinoculation developed leaf curl symptoms, whereas plants infected with ToLCV alone or with ToLCV and AYVIA developed mild yellowing. The results show that this complex infects and causes disease in P. hysterophorus and tomato. P. hysterophorus is an invasive weed commonly found around agricultural fields and along roadsides in India. These results indicate that P. hysterophorus plants infected with ToLCV and associated satellite DNA act as an alternate host (reservoir), and that could lead to increased incidence of tomato leaf curl disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Kumar
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus; and Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Meraj Jaidi
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | | | - S K Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
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22
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Complete genome sequence of a new bipartite begomovirus infecting cotton in the Republic of Benin in West Africa. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2329-33. [PMID: 27224982 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel bipartite begomovirus isolated from cotton plants (Gossypium raimondii, Malvaceae) exhibiting light yellow mosaic symptoms. The genome sequence was determined by Illumina DNA sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing of RCA-enriched, cloned circular genomic components. The DNA-A and DNA-B components were each ~2.7 kb in size, and their genome arrangement was characteristic of other Old World bipartite begomoviruses. While the DNA-A component was most closely related to tobacco leaf curl Comoros virus (TbLCKMV) at 80 %, the DNA-B component had as its closet relative soybean chlorotic blotch virus (SbCBV) at 66 %. This previously undescribed begomovirus is herein named "cotton yellow mosaic virus" (CYMV).
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23
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Akbar F, Iqbal Z, Briddon RW, Vazquez F, Saeed M. The 35-amino acid C2 protein of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus, Burewala, implicated in resistance breaking in cotton, retains some activities of the full-length protein. Virus Genes 2016; 52:688-97. [PMID: 27209537 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With one exception, all the begomoviruses characterized so far encode an ~134-amino acid (aa) (A)C2 protein. The exception is the "Burewala" strain of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV-Bu), associated with resistance breaking in cotton across Pakistan and northwestern India, that encodes a truncated 35-aa C2. The C2 protein encoded by begomoviruses performs multiple functions including suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), modulating microRNA (miRNA) expression and may be a pathogenicity determinant. The study described here was designed to investigate whether the CLCuKoV-Bu 35-aa C2 retains the activities of the full-length C2 protein. The results showed the 35-aa C2 of CLCuKoV-Bu acts as a pathogenicity determinant, suppresses PTGS and upregulates miRNA expression when expressed from a Potato virus X vector in Nicotiana benthamiana. The symptoms induced by expression of full-length C2 were more severe than those induced by the 35-aa C2. The accumulation of most developmental miRNAs decreases with the full-length C2 protein and increases with the 35-aa peptide of CLCuKoV-Bu. The study also revealed that 35-aa peptide of CLCuKoV-Bu maintains suppressor of silencing activity at a level equal to that of full-length C2. The significance of the results with respect to virus fitness and resistance breaking is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Akbar
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Botanical Institute of the University of Basel, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Schnbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Franck Vazquez
- Botanical Institute of the University of Basel, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Schnbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- MDPI AG, Klybeckstrasse 64, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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24
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Saleem H, Nahid N, Shakir S, Ijaz S, Murtaza G, Khan AA, Mubin M, Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS. Diversity, Mutation and Recombination Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Geminiviruses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151161. [PMID: 26963635 PMCID: PMC4872795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of cotton leaf curl disease in China, India and Pakistan is a recent phenomenon. Analysis of available sequence data determined that there is a substantial diversity of cotton-infecting geminiviruses in Pakistan. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that recombination between two major groups of viruses, cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) and cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV), led to the emergence of several new viruses. Recombination detection programs and phylogenetic analyses showed that CLCuMuV and CLCuKoV are highly recombinant viruses. Indeed, CLCuKoV appeared to be a major donor virus for the coat protein (CP) gene, while CLCuMuV donated the Rep gene in the majority of recombination events. Using recombination free nucleotide datasets the substitution rates for CP and Rep genes were determined. We inferred similar nucleotide substitution rates for the CLCuMuV-Rep gene (4.96X10-4) and CLCuKoV-CP gene (2.706X10-4), whereas relatively higher substitution rates were observed for CLCuMuV-CP and CLCuKoV-Rep genes. The combination of sequences with equal and relatively low substitution rates, seemed to result in the emergence of viral isolates that caused epidemics in Pakistan and India. Our findings also suggest that CLCuMuV is spreading at an alarming rate, which can potentially be a threat to cotton production in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Saleem
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shakir
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Ijaz
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali Khan
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Kumar RV, Singh AK, Singh AK, Yadav T, Basu S, Kushwaha N, Chattopadhyay B, Chakraborty S. Complexity of begomovirus and betasatellite populations associated with chilli leaf curl disease in India. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:3143-3158. [PMID: 26251220 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilli, which encompasses several species in the genus Capsicum, is widely consumed throughout the world. In the Indian subcontinent, production of chilli is constrained due to chilli leaf curl disease (ChiLCD) caused by begomoviruses. Despite the considerable economic consequences of ChiLCD on chilli cultivation in India, there have been scant studies of the genetic diversity and structure of the begomoviruses that cause this disease. Here we report on a comprehensive survey across major chilli-growing regions in India. Analysis of samples collected in the survey indicates that ChiLCD-infected plants are associated with a complex of begomoviruses (including one previously unreported species) with a diverse group of betasatellites found in crops and weeds. The associated betasatellites neither enhanced the accumulation of the begomovirus components nor reduced the incubation period in Nicotiana benthamiana. The ChiLCD-associated begomoviruses induced mild symptoms on Capsicum spp., but both the level of helper virus that accumulated and the severity of symptoms were increased in the presence of cognate betasatellites. Interestingly, most of the begomoviruses were found to be intra-species recombinants. The betasatellites possess high nucleotide variability, and recombination among them was also evident. The nucleotide substitution rates were determined for the AV1 gene of begomoviruses (2.60 × 10- 3 substitutions site- 1 year- 1) and the βC1 gene of betasatellites [chilli leaf curl betasatellite (ChiLCB), 2.57 × 10- 4 substitution site- 1 year- 1; tomato leaf curl Bangladesh betasatellite (ToLCBDB), 5.22 × 10- 4 substitution site- 1 year- 1]. This study underscores the current understanding of Indian ChiLCD-associated begomoviruses and also demonstrates the crucial role of betasatellites in severe disease development in Capsicum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vinoth Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
| | - Achuit Kumar Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
| | - Tribhuwan Yadav
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Yale University, USA
| | - Saumik Basu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA
| | - Nirbhay Kushwaha
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
| | - Brotati Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110 067, India
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26
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George B, Alam CM, Kumar RV, Gnanasekaran P, Chakraborty S. Potential linkage between compound microsatellites and recombination in geminiviruses: Evidence from comparative analysis. Virology 2015; 482:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Sohrab SS, Azhar EI, Kamal MA, Bhattacharya PS, Rana D. Genetic variability of Cotton leaf curl betasatellite in Northern India. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:626-31. [PMID: 25473373 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important crop and its production is affected by various disease pathogens. Monopartite begomovirus associated betasatellites cause Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Northern India. In order to access the occurrence and genetic variability of Cotton leaf curl betasatellites, an extensive field survey was conducted in states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. We selected the betasatellite sequence for analysis as they are reported as important for disease severity and sequence variability. Based on the field observations, the disease incidence ranged from 30% to 80% during the survey. Full genome and DNA β were amplified from various samples while no amplicon was obtained in some samples. The nucleotide sequence homology ranged from 90.0% to 98.7% with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), 55.2-55.5% with Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus, 55.8% with Okra leaf curl virus and 51.70% with Tomato leaf curl virus isolates. The lowest similarity (47.8%) was found in CLCuV-Sudan isolate. Phylogenetic analysis showed that analyzed isolates formed a close cluster with various CLCuV isolates reported earlier. The analysis results show sequence variation in Cotton leaf curl betasatellite which could be the result of recombination. The results obtained by genome amplification and sequence variability indicate that some new variants are circulating and causing leaf curl disease in Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - P S Bhattacharya
- Division of Biotechnology, JK-AgriGenetics Ltd., Hyderabad, A.P., India
| | - D Rana
- Division of Biotechnology, JK-AgriGenetics Ltd., Hyderabad, A.P., India
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28
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Regional changes in the sequence of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite. Viruses 2014; 6:2186-203. [PMID: 24859342 PMCID: PMC4036549 DOI: 10.3390/v6052186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan and northwestern India is caused by monopartite begomoviruses in association with an essential, disease-specific satellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). Following a recent upsurge in CLCuD problems in Sindh province (southern Pakistan), sequences of clones of CLCuMB were obtained from Sindh and Punjab province (central Pakistan), where CLCuD has been a problem since the mid-1980s. The sequences were compared to all sequences of CLCuMB available in the databases. Analysis of the sequences shows extensive sequence variation in CLCuMB, most likely resulting from recombination. The range of sequence variants differ between Sindh, the Punjab and northwestern India. The possible significance of the findings with respect to movement of the CLCuD between the three regions is discussed. Additionally, the lack of sequence variation within the only coding sequence of CLCuMB suggests that the betasatellite is not involved in resistance breaking which became a problem after 2001 in the Punjab and subsequently also in northwestern India.
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29
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Ashraf MA, Shahid AA, Rao AQ, Bajwa KS, Husnain T. Functional characterization of a bidirectional plant promoter from cotton leaf curl Burewala virus using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay. Viruses 2014; 6:223-42. [PMID: 24424501 PMCID: PMC3917440 DOI: 10.3390/v6010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1 promoter expressing the AC1 gene, and V1 promoter expressing the AV1 gene are located in opposite orientations in the large intergenic region of the Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV) genome. Agro-infiltration was used to transiently express putative promoter constructs in Nicotiana tabacum and Gossypium hirsutum leaves, which was monitored by a GUS reporter gene, and revealed that the bidirectional promoter of CLCuBuV transcriptionally regulates both the AC1 and AV1 genes. The CLCuBuV C1 gene promoter showed a strong, consistent transient expression of the reporter gene (GUS) in N. tabacum and G. hirsutum leaves and exhibited GUS activity two- to three-fold higher than the CaMV 35S promoter. The CLCuBuV bidirectional gene promoter is a nearly constitutive promoter that contains basic conserved elements. Many cis-regulatory elements (CREs) were also analyzed within the bidirectional plant promoters of CLCuBuV and closely related geminiviruses, which may be helpful in understanding the transcriptional regulation of both the virus and host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aleem Ashraf
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Kamran Shehzad Bajwa
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
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Harimalala M, De Bruyn A, Hoareau M, Andrianjaka A, Ranomenjanahary S, Reynaud B, Lefeuvre P, Lett JM. Molecular characterization of a new alphasatellite associated with a cassava mosaic geminivirus in Madagascar. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1829-32. [PMID: 23525698 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two complete nucleotide sequences of an alphasatellite isolated from a cassava plant with mosaic disease symptoms in Madagascar are described and analyzed. While the helper begomovirus was identified as an isolate of East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus (EACMKV), its associated alphasatellite was most closely related (80 % nucleotide sequence identity) to cotton leaf curl Gezira alphasatellite. These satellite molecules have typical features of alphasatellites, with a single gene in the virion sense, an A-rich region and a stem-loop structure. According to the proposed species demarcation threshold of alphasatellites (83 % nucleotide identity), they are isolates of a new species for which we propose the name "Cassava mosaic alphasatellite".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Harimalala
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 Chemin de l'IRAT, 97410, Saint-Pierre, Ile de La Réunion, France
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First report of an alphasatellite associated with Okra enation leaf curl virus. Virus Genes 2013; 46:585-7. [PMID: 23475199 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An alphasatellite DNA associated with Okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV) which causes enation and leaf curling in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants was characterized. The full-length DNA comprises 1,350 nucleotides and shows typical genome organization of an alphasatellite. It shows the highest nucleotide sequence identity (79.7 %) to Hollyhock yellow vein virus-associated symptomless alphasatellite (HoYVSLA). This is the first report of the association of an alphasatellite with OELCuV from India.
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32
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Sattar MN, Kvarnheden A, Saeed M, Briddon RW. Cotton leaf curl disease - an emerging threat to cotton production worldwide. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:695-710. [PMID: 23324471 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.049627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a serious disease of cotton which has characteristic symptoms, the most unusual of which is the formation of leaf-like enations on the undersides of leaves. The disease is caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) in association with specific, symptom-modulating satellites (betasatellites) and an evolutionarily distinct group of satellite-like molecules known as alphasatellites. CLCuD occurs across Africa as well as in Pakistan and north-western India. Over the past 25 years, Pakistan and India have experienced two epidemics of the disease, the most recent of which involved a virus and satellite that are resistance breaking. Loss of this conventional host-plant resistance, which saved the cotton growers from ruin in the late 1990s, leaves farmers with only relatively poor host plant tolerance to counter the extensive losses the disease causes. There has always been the fear that CLCuD could spread from the relatively limited geographical range it encompasses at present to other cotton-growing areas of the world where, although the disease is not present, the environmental conditions are suitable for its establishment and the whitefly vector occurs. Unfortunately recent events have shown this fear to be well founded, with CLCuD making its first appearance in China. Here, we outline recent advances made in understanding the molecular biology of the components of the disease complex, their interactions with host plants, as well as efforts being made to control CLCuD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naeem Sattar
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvarnheden
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Box 7080, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Begomoviruses are numerous and geographically widespread viruses that cause devastating diseases in many crops. Monopartite begomoviruses are frequently associated with betasatellites or alphasatellites. Both betasatellite and alphasatellite DNA genomes are approximately half the size of begomovirus DNA genomes. Betasatellites are essential for induction of typical disease symptoms. The βC1 genes encoded by the betasatellites have important roles in symptom induction, in suppression of transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing, and they can affect jasmonic acid responsive genes. Host plants of begomoviruses have evolved diverse innate defense mechanisms against the βC1 protein to counter these challenges. Alphasatellites have been identified mainly in monopartite begomoviruses that associate with betasatellites and have no known contributions to pathogenesis of begomovirus-betasatellite disease complexes. Applications of current molecular tools are facilitating viral diagnosis and the discovery of novel species of geminiviruses and satellite DNAs and are also advancing our understanding of the global diversity and evolution of satellite DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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