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Feng J, Xu X, Cai W, Yang X, Niu R, Han Z, Tian L. Inhibiting Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Suppresses NF-κB p65 Signaling and Reduces CXCL10 Expression as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2579-2588. [PMID: 38478377 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of most common autoimmune thyroid diseases, its treatment remains focused on symptom relief. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) shows potential functions as a drug target in alleviating some autoimmune diseases; however, we seldom know its role in HT. METHODS The protein expression of sEH and related downstream molecules were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, ELISA, or immunofluorescence staining. RNA sequencing of tissue samples was performed to analyze differential genes and dysregulated pathways in HT and controls. The thyroid follicular epithelial cells (TFECs) and rat HT model were used to verify the biological function of sEH and the inhibition role of adamantyl-ureido-dodecanoic acid (AUDA) in HT. RESULTS The sEH was significantly upregulated in HT patients compared with healthy individuals. Transcriptome sequencing showed cytokine-related pathways and chemokine expression; especially chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 were aberrant in HT patients. In TFECs and a rat HT model, blocking sEH by AUDA inhibitor could effectively inhibit the autoantibody, proinflammatory nuclear kappa factor B (NF-κB) signaling, chemokine CXCL10/CXCR3 expression, and type-1 helper CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sEH/NF-κB p65/CXCL10-CXCR3 might be promising therapeutic targets for HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Xianghong Xu
- Department of Biotherapy Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Xingwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Ruilan Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Ziqi Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
| | - Limin Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730099, China
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Li YN, Su JL, Tan SH, Chen XL, Cheng TL, Jiang Z, Luo YZ, Zhang LM. Machine learning based on metabolomics unveils neutrophil extracellular trap-related metabolic signatures in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4091-4107. [PMID: 39015934 PMCID: PMC11235537 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary form of lung cancer, and the combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy offers promising treatment options for patients suffering from this disease. However, the emergence of drug resistance significantly limits the effectiveness of these therapeutic strategies. Consequently, it is imperative to devise methods for accurately detecting and evaluating the efficacy of these treatments. AIM To identify the metabolic signatures associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and chemoimmunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC patients. METHODS In total, 159 NSCLC patients undergoing first-line chemoimmunotherapy were enrolled. We first investigated the characteristics influencing clinical efficacy. Circulating levels of NETs and cytokines were measured by commercial kits. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantified plasma metabolites, and differential metabolites were identified. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination, and random forest algorithms were employed. By using plasma metabolic profiles and machine learning algorithms, predictive metabolic signatures were established. RESULTS First, the levels of circulating interleukin-8, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and NETs were closely related to poor efficacy of first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Patients were classed into a low NET group or a high NET group. A total of 54 differential plasma metabolites were identified. These metabolites were primarily involved in arachidonic acid and purine metabolism. Three key metabolites were identified as crucial variables, including 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, L-malate, and bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (18:1/16:0). Using metabolomic sequencing data and machine learning methods, key metabolic signatures were screened to predict NET level as well as chemoimmunotherapy efficacy. CONCLUSION The identified metabolic signatures may effectively distinguish NET levels and predict clinical benefit from chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Lin Su
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-Hua Tan
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xing-Long Chen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tian-Li Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Luo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Le-Meng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Eccles JA, Baldwin WS. Detoxification Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in Families 1-3 Produce Functional Oxylipins from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 36611876 PMCID: PMC9818454 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the CYP-mediated production of oxylipins and the current known function of these diverse set of oxylipins with emphasis on the detoxification CYPs in families 1-3. Our knowledge of oxylipin function has greatly increased over the past 3-7 years with new theories on stability and function. This includes a significant amount of new information on oxylipins produced from linoleic acid (LA) and the omega-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the primary CYP responsible for producing specific oxylipins, and a lack of mechanistic insight for some clinical associations between outcomes and oxylipin levels. In addition, the role of CYPs in the production of oxylipins as signaling molecules for obesity, energy utilization, and development have increased greatly with potential interactions between diet, endocrinology, and pharmacology/toxicology due to nuclear receptor mediated CYP induction, CYP inhibition, and receptor interactions/crosstalk. The potential for diet-diet and diet-drug/chemical interactions is high given that these promiscuous CYPs metabolize a plethora of different endogenous and exogenous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Jagirdar G, Elsner M, Scharf C, Simm S, Borucki K, Peter D, Lalk M, Methling K, Linnebacher M, Krohn M, Wolke C, Lendeckel U. Re-Expression of Tafazzin Isoforms in TAZ-Deficient C6 Glioma Cells Restores Cardiolipin Composition but Not Proliferation Rate and Alterations in Gene Expression. Front Genet 2022; 13:931017. [PMID: 35957687 PMCID: PMC9358009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.931017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tafazzin—an acyltransferase—is involved in cardiolipin (CL) remodeling. CL is associated with mitochondrial function, structure and more recently with cell proliferation. Various tafazzin isoforms exist in humans. The role of these isoforms in cardiolipin remodeling is unknown. Aim of this study was to investigate if specific isoforms like Δ5 can restore the wild type phenotype with respect to CL composition, cellular proliferation and gene expression profile. In addition, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism by which tafazzin can modulate gene expression by applying promoter analysis and (Ingenuity Pathway Analyis) IPA to genes regulated by TAZ-deficiency. Expression of Δ5 and rat full length TAZ in C6-TAZ- cells could fully restore CL composition and—as proven for Δ5—this is naturally associated with restoration of mitochondrial respiration. A similar restoration of CL-composition could not be observed after re-expression of an enzymatically dead full-length rat TAZ (H69L; TAZMut). Re-expression of only rat full length TAZ could restore proliferation rate. Surprisingly, the Δ5 variant failed to restore wild-type proliferation. Further, as expected, re-expression of the TAZMut variant completely failed to reverse the gene expression changes, whereas re-expression of the TAZ-FL variant largely did so and the Δ5 variant to somewhat less extent. Very likely TAZ-deficiency provokes substantial long-lasting changes in cellular lipid metabolism which contribute to changes in proliferation and gene expression, and are not or only very slowly reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Jagirdar
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Elsner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Peter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Krohn
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology, and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Uwe Lendeckel,
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Liu T, Dogan I, Rothe M, Kunz JV, Knauf F, Gollasch M, Luft FC, Gollasch B. Hemodialysis and Plasma Oxylipin Biotransformation in Peripheral Tissue. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010034. [PMID: 35050156 PMCID: PMC8781597 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors causing the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients are largely unknown. Oxylipins are a superclass of lipid mediators with potent bioactivities produced from oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. We previously assessed the impact of HD on oxylipins in arterial blood plasma and found that HD increases several oxylipins. To study the phenomenon further, we now evaluated the differences in arterial and venous blood oxylipins from patients undergoing HD. We collected arterial and venous blood samples in upper extremities from 12 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients before and after HD and measured oxylipins in plasma by LC-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry. Comparison between cytochrome P450 (CYP), lipoxygenase (LOX), and LOX/CYP ω/(ω-1)-hydroxylase metabolites levels from arterial and venous blood showed no arteriovenous differences before HD but revealed arteriovenous differences in several CYP metabolites immediately after HD. These changes were explained by metabolites in the venous blood stream of the upper limb. Decreased soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity contributed to the release and accumulation of the CYP metabolites. However, HD did not affect arteriovenous differences of the majority of LOX and LOX/CYP ω/(ω-1)-hydroxylase metabolites. The HD treatment itself causes changes in CYP epoxy metabolites that could have deleterious effects in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (M.G.); (F.C.L.)
| | - Inci Dogan
- LIPIDOMIX GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (I.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Michael Rothe
- LIPIDOMIX GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (I.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Julius V. Kunz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (M.G.); (F.C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friedrich C. Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (M.G.); (F.C.L.)
| | - Benjamin Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (M.G.); (F.C.L.)
- HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-540-249
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Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Hepatic Deficiency Ameliorates Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:815-830. [PMID: 33068774 PMCID: PMC7851189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a significant cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide and with limited therapies. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH; Ephx2) is a largely cytosolic enzyme that is highly expressed in the liver and is implicated in hepatic function, but its role in ALD is mostly unexplored. METHODS To decipher the role of hepatic sEH in ALD, we generated mice with liver-specific sEH disruption (Alb-Cre; Ephx2fl/fl). Alb-Cre; Ephx2fl/fl and control (Ephx2fl/fl) mice were subjected to an ethanol challenge using the chronic plus binge model of ALD and hepatic injury, inflammation, and steatosis were evaluated under pair-fed and ethanol-fed states. In addition, we investigated the capacity of pharmacologic inhibition of sEH in the chronic plus binge mouse model. RESULTS We observed an increase of hepatic sEH in mice upon ethanol consumption, suggesting that dysregulated hepatic sEH expression might be involved in ALD. Alb-Cre; Ephx2fl/fl mice presented efficient deletion of hepatic sEH with corresponding attenuation in sEH activity and alteration in the lipid epoxide/diol ratio. Consistently, hepatic sEH deficiency ameliorated ethanol-induced hepatic injury, inflammation, and steatosis. In addition, targeted metabolomics identified lipid mediators that were impacted significantly by hepatic sEH deficiency. Moreover, hepatic sEH deficiency was associated with a significant attenuation of ethanol-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of sEH recapitulated the effects of hepatic sEH deficiency and abrogated injury, inflammation, and steatosis caused by ethanol feeding. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidated a role for sEH in ALD and validated a pharmacologic inhibitor of this enzyme in a preclinical mouse model as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Yang J, Dang G, Lü S, Liu H, Ma X, Han L, Deng J, Miao Y, Li X, Shao F, Jiang C, Xu Q, Wang X, Feng J. T-cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate B-cell IgG production via pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2. FASEB J 2019; 33:12780-12799. [PMID: 31480861 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900863r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication between lymphocytes plays a fundamental role in numerous immune responses. Previously, we demonstrated that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) induced T cell intracellular glycolytic-lipogenic reprogramming and IFN-γ secretion via pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) to accelerate atherosclerosis. Usually, B cells partially obtain help from T cells in antibody responses. However, whether PKM2 activation in T cells regulates B cell antibody production is unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important cellular communication vehicles. Here, we found that PKM2 activator TEPP46-stimulated T-cell-derived EVs promoted B-cell IgG secretion. Conversely, EVs secreted from PKM2-null T cells were internalized into B cells and markedly inhibited B-cell mitochondrial programming, activation, and IgG production. Mechanistically, lipidomics analyses showed that increased ceramides in PKM2-activated T-cell EVs were mainly responsible for enhanced B cell IgG secretion induced by these EVs. Finally, quantum dots (QDs) were packaged with PKM2-null T cell EVs and anti-CD19 antibody to exert B-cell targeting and inhibit IgG production, eventually ameliorating HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis in vivo. Thus, PKM2-mediated EV ceramides in T cells may be an important cargo for T-cell-regulated B cell IgG production, and QD-CD19-PKM2-null T cell EVs hold high potential to treat B cell overactivation-related diseases.-Yang, J., Dang, G., Lü, S., Liu, H., Ma, X., Han, L., Deng, J., Miao, Y., Li, X., Shao, F., Jiang, C., Xu, Q., Wang, X., Feng, J. T-cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate B-cell IgG production via pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Dang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Silin Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yutong Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Shao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre for Vascular Regeneration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Li J, Guan H, Liu H, Zhao L, Li L, Zhang Y, Tan P, Mi B, Li F. Epoxyeicosanoids prevent intervertebral disc degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3781-3797. [PMID: 28052015 PMCID: PMC5354795 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is considered a common cause of low back pain. In the degenerating IVD, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 and TNF-α, progressively increases, contributing to the degenerative process. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), synthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 enzymes, act as autocrine and paracrine effectors in regulating inflammation, cardiovascular functions, and angiogenesis. EETs were shown to be especially potent promoters of tissue regeneration. Considering their anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic potential, we investigated whether EETs can influence IVD degeneration. We found that 14,15-EET protected rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells against death induced by treatment with H2O2and TNF-α in vitro. At the molecular level, 14,15-EET significantly inhibited the NF-κB pathway, which plays essential roles in the degeneration and survival of NP cells. As a result, 14,15-EET efficiently prevented the matrix remodeling response of NP cells to TNF-α. Using a needle-punctured rat tail model, the influence of 14,15-EET on IVD degeneration in vivo was evaluated using radiographs, magnetic resonance images (MRI), and histological analysis. We observed that 14,15-EET prevented IVD degeneration. Our findings demonstrated that 14,15-EET can enhance the survival of NP cells and inhibit IVD degeneration. The EET pathway may be a novel therapeutic target against IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hanfeng Guan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiyong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baoguo Mi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Bastan I, Ge XN, Dileepan M, Greenberg YG, Guedes AG, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Washabau RJ, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates eosinophil recruitment and food allergen-induced gastrointestinal inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:109-122. [PMID: 29345370 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1017-423r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of food allergies in the United States is on the rise. Eosinophils are recruited to the intestinal mucosa in substantial numbers in food allergen-driven gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is known to play a pro-inflammatory role during inflammation by metabolizing anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to pro-inflammatory diols. We investigated the role of sEH in a murine model of food allergy and evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of a highly selective sEH inhibitor (trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid [t-TUCB]). Oral exposure of mice on a soy-free diet to soy protein isolate (SPI) induced expression of intestinal sEH, increased circulating total and antigen-specific IgE levels, and caused significant weight loss. Administration of t-TUCB to SPI-challenged mice inhibited IgE levels and prevented SPI-induced weight loss. Additionally, SPI-induced GI inflammation characterized by increased recruitment of eosinophils and mast cells, elevated eotaxin 1 levels, mucus hypersecretion, and decreased epithelial junction protein expression. In t-TUCB-treated mice, eosinophilia, mast cell recruitment, and mucus secretion were significantly lower than in untreated mice and SPI-induced loss of junction protein expression was prevented to variable levels. sEH expression in eosinophils was induced by inflammatory mediators TNF-α and eotaxin-1. Treatment of eosinophils with t-TUCB significantly inhibited eosinophil migration, an effect that was mirrored by treatment with 11,12-EET, by inhibiting intracellular signaling events such as ERK (1/2) activation and eotaxin-1-induced calcium flux. These studies suggest that sEH induced by soy proteins promotes allergic responses and GI inflammation including eosinophilia and that inhibition of sEH can attenuate these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Bastan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiao Na Ge
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mythili Dileepan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yana G Greenberg
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alonso G Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert J Washabau
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Li YF, Wu JS, Li YY, Dai Y, Zheng M, Zeng JK, Wang GF, Wang TM, Li WK, Zhang XY, Gu M, Huang C, Yang L, Wang ZT, Ma YM. Chicken bile powder protects against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97137-97152. [PMID: 29228599 PMCID: PMC5722551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of chicken bile powder (CBP), a 2000-year-old Chinese medicine, on α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice. CBP treatment for 14 days significantly ameliorated ANIT-induced changes in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bile acids, bilirubin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and liver tissue morphology. Serum metabolomics showed changes in 24 metabolites in ANIT-exposed mice; 16 of these metabolites were reversed by CBP treatment via two main pathways (bile acid biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism). Additionally, CBP administration markedly increased fecal and biliary bile acid excretion, and reduced total and hydrophobic bile acid levels in the livers of cholestatic mice. Moreover, CBP increased liver expression of bile acid efflux transporters and metabolic enzymes. It also attenuated ANIT-induced increases in hepatic nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling, and increased liver expression of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in cholestatic mice. CBP also activated FXR in vitro in HEK293T cells expressing mouse Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. It did not ameliorate the ANIT-induced liver injuries in FXR-knockout mice. These results suggested that CBP provided protection from cholestatic liver injury by restoring bile acid homeostasis and reducing inflammation in a FXR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Kai Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian-Ming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity Systems, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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11
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Hung TH, Shyue SK, Wu CH, Chen CC, Lin CC, Chang CF, Chen SF. Deletion or inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase protects against brain damage and reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103236-103260. [PMID: 29262558 PMCID: PMC5732724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a series of inflammatory processes that contribute to neuronal damage. The present study investigated the involvement of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in neuroinflammation and brain damage in mouse TBI and in microglial cultures. The effects of genetic deletion of sEH and treatment with an sEH inhibitor, 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), on brain damage and inflammatory responses were evaluated in mice subjected to controlled cortical impact. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of sEH inhibition/deletion was investigated in vitro. TBI-induced an increase in sEH protein level in the injured cortex from 1 h to 4 days and sEH was expressed in microglia. Genetic deletion of sEH significantly attenuated functional deficits and brain damage up to 28 days post-TBI. Deletion of sEH also reduced neuronal death, apoptosis, brain edema, and BBB permeability at 1 and 4 day(s). These changes were associated with markedly reduced microglial/macrophage activation, neutrophil infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, inflammatory mediator expression at 1 and 4 day(s), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) degradation at 1 and 4 day(s). Administration of AUDA attenuated brain edema, apoptosis, inflammatory mediator upregulation and EET degradation at 4 days. In primary microglial cultures, AUDA attenuated both LPS- or IFN-γ-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced LPS- or IFN-γ-induced p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Deletion of sEH also reduced IFN-γ-induced NO production. Moreover, AUDA attenuated N2A neuronal death induced by BV2 microglial-conditioned media. Our results suggest that inhibition of sEH may be a potential therapy for TBI by modulating the cytotoxic functions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chang Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Feng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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12
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Chen G, Xu R, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang P, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. CYP2J2 overexpression attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E97-E110. [PMID: 25389366 PMCID: PMC4297779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exert diverse biological activities, which include potent vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidatant effects, and cardiovascular protection. Liver has abundant epoxygenase expression and high levels of EET production; however, the roles of epoxygenases in liver diseases remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the protection against high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice with endothelial-specific CYP2J2 overexpression (Tie2-CYP2J2-Tr). After 24 wk of high-fat diet, Tie2-CYP2J2-Tr mice displayed attenuated NAFLD compared with controls. Tie2-CYP2J2-Tr mice showed significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels and liver lipid accumulation, improved liver function, reduced inflammatory responses, and less increase in hepatic oxidative stress than wild-type control mice. These effects were associated with inhibition of NF-κB/JNK signaling pathway activation and enhancement of the antioxidant defense system in Tie2-CYP2J2-Tr mice in vivo. We also demonstrated that 14,15-EET treatment protected HepG2 cells against palmitic acid-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. 14,15-EET attenuated palmitic acid-induced changes in NF-κB/JNK signaling pathways, malondialdehyde generation, glutathione levels, reactive oxygen species production, and NADPH oxidase and antioxidant enzyme expression in HepG2 cells in vitro. Together, these results highlight a new role for CYP epoxygenase-derived EETs in lipotoxicity-related inflammation and oxidative stress and reveal a new molecular mechanism underlying EETs-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that could aid in the design of new therapies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfan Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinna Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China;
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13
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Guan H, Zhao L, Cao H, Chen A, Xiao J. Epoxyeicosanoids suppress osteoclastogenesis and prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss. FASEB J 2014; 29:1092-101. [PMID: 25466887 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-262055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are products of arachidonic acid metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. These small molecules are autocrine and paracrine lipid mediators with important roles in inflammation, cardiovascular function, and angiogenesis. Recent evidence has highlighted EETs as potent promoters of organ regeneration and malignant metastasis. We speculated that EETs might impact osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. Using both in vitro and in vivo studies, we observed that EETs significantly attenuated bone loss and inhibited osteoclast formation and activity, which were associated with a decreased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL):osteoprotegerin ratio and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. At the molecular level, EETs abrogated RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and MAPKs, including ERK and JNK, but not p38, during osteoclast formation. EETs also prevented the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following RANKL stimulation. As a result, EETs suppressed osteoclast-specific gene expression, including tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CK), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that EETs inhibit osteoclastogenesis through modulation of multiple pathways both upstream and downstream of RANKL signaling. The administration or stabilized endogenous levels of EETs could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for osteoclast-related disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfeng Guan
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Anmin Chen
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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14
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Spector AA, Kim HY. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:356-65. [PMID: 25093613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are oxidized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases to PUFA epoxides which function as potent lipid mediators. The major metabolic pathways of PUFA epoxides are incorporation into phospholipids and hydrolysis to the corresponding PUFA diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase. Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase stabilize PUFA epoxides and potentiate their functional effects. The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) synthesized from arachidonic acid produce vasodilation, stimulate angiogenesis, have anti-inflammatory actions, and protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. EETs produce these functional effects by activating receptor-mediated signaling pathways and ion channels. The epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids synthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid are potent inhibitors of cardiac arrhythmias. Epoxydocosapentaenoic acids also inhibit angiogenesis, decrease inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and reduce tumor metastasis. These findings indicate that a number of the beneficial functions of PUFA may be due to their conversion to PUFA epoxides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Spector
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Erbach GT, Biggers JD, Manning PC, Nowak RA. Localization of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the preimplantation mouse embryo is associated with events of blastocyst hatching. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 30:1009-15. [PMID: 24052330 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the pattern of expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor, parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1), in mouse embryos in different stages of preimplantation development. METHODS Embryos were cultured from the pronuclear zygote stage and harvested as 2-cell, 4-cell and 8-cell embryos, morulae and blastocysts. RT-PCR was carried out on mRNAs of these and of trophoblast outgrowths for detection of PTHrP and PTHR1. Whole mounted embryos intact or stripped of zonae pellucidae were immunofluorescently stained for PTHrP and PTH receptor and observed with confocal microscopy. RESULTS PTHrP mRNA was present in the pronuclear zygote, not present in 2-cell, 4-cell and uncompacted 8-cell embryos, present in the 8-cell compacting embryo, and not detected in 16-cell morulae or blastocysts. The mRNA was present in trophoblasts growing on fibronectin beds. mRNA for PTHR1 was detected in the pronuclear zygote, then undetected until the compacted 8-cell stage and thereafter. PTH receptor protein was observed in 2-cell embryos, morulae and in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of blastocysts. PTHrP was observed dispersed in the cytoplasm of 2-cell, 4-cell and uncompacted 8-cell embryos, and in distinct foci near the nuclei of morulae. In blastocysts, PTHrP appeared on the apical surface of only trophoblast cells which had extruded from the zona pellucida. Fully hatched blastocysts expressed the protein on the apical side of all trophoblasts. When morulae were prematurely stripped of their zonae, PTHrP was observed on the embryos' outer surface. CONCLUSIONS PTHrP protein is expressed throughout early embryo development, and its receptor PTHR1 is expressed from the morula stage. Embryo hatching is associated with translocation of PTHrP to the apical plasma membrane of trophoblasts. PTHrP may thus have autocrine effects on the developing blastocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Erbach
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 310 Animal Science Laboratory, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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16
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Shahabi P, Siest G, Visvikis-siest S. Influence of inflammation on cardiovascular protective effects of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 46:33-56. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.837916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Han Y, Yan G, Wang Q, Ma G, Tang C, Gu Y, Li L, Zhao J. Predominant role of vasoconstrictors over dilatators derived from arachidonic acid in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1263-71. [PMID: 23970347 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have been shown to play a permissive role in the regulation of vascular tone and wall tension. Conventionally, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and prostacyclin have been considered as dilatators, whereas thromboxane (TX) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) were considered as vasoconstrictors. However, the role of these prostanoids in the mediation of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is not yet clearly understood. In the present study, the role of prostanoids in the acute hypoxic response in rat isolated intrapulmonary arteries (IPAs) was investigated. Exogenous AA directly caused vasoconstriction, but exerted a significant inhibition on hypoxic vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction by AA was mediated by the endothelium. AA metabolites from lipoxygenase (LOX) had no effect on vascular tone or hypoxic vasoconstriction. Consistent results from the blockage of cytochrome P450 (CYP) or CYP epoxide hydrolase showed that HETE contributed to endothelium‑independent hypoxic vasoconstriction. EET via epoxygenase exerted no effect on 80 mM KPSS‑induced vessel contraction or hypoxic vasoconstriction. In addition, prostacyclin also failed to inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). However, blockage of thromboxane A2/prostanoid (TP) receptors almost eliminated hypoxic vasoconstriction, suggesting the primary role of TP receptors in the regulation of the hypoxic response in rat IPAs. In conclusion, the current data indicate the predominant role of vasoconstrictors instead of dilatators in mediating HPV. These data also highlight a pivotal role for voltage‑independent Ca2+ entry in pulmonary hypoxic response and suggest that modulation of these channels by prostanoids underlies their regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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