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Kambayashi D, Manabe T, Hirohara M, Akatsu H. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey among Nursing Care Workers Involved in Caring for Older Adults during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12993. [PMID: 36293574 PMCID: PMC9602712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Japan undergoes population aging, nursing care workers play an important role in supporting older adults in the community, which has been particularly critical during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among nursing care workers regarding COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in June 2020 among 481 nursing care workers in the nursing care facilities in Aichi, Japan. We assessed COVID-19-related KAP scores of nursing care workers, and compared them by age, sex, and years of experience. RESULTS A total of 481 nursing care workers responded to the survey. Out of a maximum of 10 points, the mean (standard deviations) knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 6.86 (1.45), 7.11 (1.42), and 7.40 (1.89), respectively. Comparisons between the KAP scores revealed significantly higher knowledge scores among older workers (p < 0.001) and significantly higher knowledge scores (p = 0.002) and practice scores (p = 0.033) among workers with more than 20 years of working experience. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that older age and a longer duration of experience were associated with higher COVID-19-related knowledge and practice scores. To better support older adults, it is essential to improve the education system for care workers and to provide environments for delivering necessary information rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kambayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toshie Manabe
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hirohara
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi 441-8124, Japan
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Manabe T, Phan D, Nohara Y, Kambayashi D, Nguyen TH, Van Do T, Kudo K. Spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 during the first 7 months of the epidemic in Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1124. [PMID: 34717588 PMCID: PMC8556820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of emerging infectious diseases is crucial for implementation of control measures. In the first 7 months from the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has documented comparatively few cases of COVID-19. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of these cases may contribute to development of global countermeasures. METHODS We assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 from 23 January to 31 July 2020 in Vietnam. Data were collected from reports of the World Health Organization, the Vietnam Ministry of Health, and related websites. Temporal distribution was assessed via the transmission classification (local or quarantined cases). Geographical distribution was assessed via the number of cases in each province along with their timelines. The most likely disease clusters with elevated incidence were assessed via calculation of the relative risk (RR). RESULTS Among 544 observed cases of COVID-19, the median age was 35 years, 54.8% were men, and 50.9% were diagnosed during quarantine. During the observation period, there were four phases: Phase 1, COVID-19 cases occurred sporadically in January and February 2020; Phase 2, an epidemic wave occurred from the 1st week of March to the middle of April (Wave 1); Phase 3, only quarantining cases were involved; and Phase 4, a second epidemic wave began on July 25th, 2020 (Wave 2). A spatial cluster in Phase 1 was detected in Vinh Phuc Province (RR, 38.052). In Phase 2, primary spatial clusters were identified in the areas of Hanoi and Ha Nam Province (RR, 6.357). In Phase 4, a spatial cluster was detected in Da Nang, a popular coastal tourist destination (RR, 70.401). CONCLUSIONS Spatial disease clustering of COVID-19 in Vietnam was associated with large cities, tourist destinations, people's mobility, and the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Past experiences with outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases led to quick implementation of governmental countermeasures against COVID-19 and a general acceptance of these measures by the population. The behaviors of the population and the government, as well as the country's age distribution, may have contributed to the low incidence and small number of severe COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Manabe
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601 Japan
- Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dung Phan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Yasuhiro Nohara
- Utsunomiya University Center for Regional Design, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Dan Kambayashi
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601 Japan
- Showa Pharmaceutical University Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thang Huu Nguyen
- School for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Van Do
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Koichiro Kudo
- Yurin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Dragano N, Hoebel J, Wachtler B, Diercke M, Lunau T, Wahrendorf M. [Social inequalities in the regional spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:1116-1124. [PMID: 34297163 PMCID: PMC8298974 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund und Ziel Ob sozioökonomische Faktoren die Ausbreitung von SARS-CoV‑2 beeinflussen, ist nicht ausreichend beantwortet, da frühere Studien in der Regel kumulative Inzidenzen betrachtet und die zeitliche Entwicklung der Ausbreitung außer Acht gelassen haben. Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich daher auf die Entwicklung von regionalen Neuinfektionen in Zusammenhang mit sozioökonomischen Faktoren. Ausgehend vom internationalen Forschungsstand präsentieren wir eigene Analysen von Meldedaten aus Deutschland. Methoden Diese Studie untersucht regionale Daten gemeldeter COVID-19-Fälle für die 401 Landkreise und kreisfreien Städte (Kreisebene) in Deutschland und vergleicht den zeitlichen Verlauf entlang sozioökonomischer Merkmale der Kreise. Betrachtet werden altersstandardisierte wöchentliche Inzidenzen für den Zeitraum 03.02.2020–28.03.2021. Sozial- und Wirtschaftsindikatoren auf Kreisebene stammen aus der INKAR(Indikatoren und Karten zur Raum- und Stadtentwicklung)-Datenbank (z. B. Einkommen, Beschäftigtenquote, Wohnfläche). Ergebnisse Während in der ersten und zu Beginn der zweiten Welle der Pandemie Kreise mit höherem mittleren Haushaltseinkommen höhere Inzidenzen hatten, stiegen sie in Kreisen mit niedrigem Einkommen ab Dezember 2020 deutlich an. Kreise mit einem hohen Anteil an Beschäftigten allgemein und speziell solchen im Produktionssektor hatten gerade in der zweiten und dritten Welle hohe Inzidenzen. Kreise mit einer geringen Wohnfläche je Einwohner hatten ab November 2020 ausgeprägt höhere Inzidenzen. Schlussfolgerung Der regionale Verlauf der Pandemie unterscheidet sich nach Sozial- und Wirtschaftsindikatoren. Eine differenzierte Betrachtung dieser Unterschiede könnte Hinweise auf zielgruppenspezifische Schutz- und Teststrategien geben und helfen, soziale Faktoren zu identifizieren, die Infektionen begünstigen. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00103-021-03387-w) enthalten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Dragano
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Jens Hoebel
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Wachtler
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Michaela Diercke
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Thorsten Lunau
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Morten Wahrendorf
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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Baral P. Health Systems and Services During COVID-19: Lessons and Evidence From Previous Crises: A Rapid Scoping Review to Inform the United Nations Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2021; 51:474-493. [DOI: 10.1177/0020731421997088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This rapid scoping review has informed the development of the November 2020 United Nations Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery, by providing a synthesis of available evidence on the impact of pandemics and epidemics on (1) essential services and (2) health systems preparedness and strengthening. Emerging findings point to existing disparities in health systems and services being further exacerbated, with marginalized populations and low- and middle-income countries burdened disproportionately. More broadly, there is a need to further understand short- and long-term impacts of bypassed essential services, quality assurance of services, the role of primary health care in the frontline, and the need for additional mechanisms for effective vaccine messaging and uptake during epidemics. The review also highlights how trust—of institutions, of science, and between communities and health systems—remains central to a successful pandemic response. Finally, previous crises had repeatedly foreshadowed the inability of health systems to handle upcoming pandemics, yet the reactive nature of policies and practices compounded by lack of resources, infrastructure, and political will have resulted in the current failed response to COVID-19. There is therefore an urgent need for investments in implementation science and for strategies to bridge this persistent research–practice gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa Baral
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chinh LQ, Manabe T, Son DN, Chi NV, Fujikura Y, Binh NG, Co DX, Tuan DQ, Ton MD, Dai KQ, Thach PT, Nagase H, Kudo K, Nguyen DA. Clinical epidemiology and mortality on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in Vietnam. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221114. [PMID: 31415662 PMCID: PMC6695190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical epidemiology and disease prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have not yet been fully elucidated in Vietnam. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study at a national tertiary hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants were adult patients (age ≥18 years) who were admitted and diagnosed with ARDS during 2015-2017. Data on patients' general and clinical conditions, radiographic findings, ventilator settings, gas exchange, and treatment methods were collected and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Risk factors for mortality were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 126 eligible patients with ARDS admitted to the central tertiary hospital in Vietnam, we observed high mortality (57.1%). Of the total patients, 91.3% were transferred from local hospitals with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia and then diagnosed with ARDS at the central hospital. At the time of admission, 53.2% of patients had severe ARDS, 37.3% had moderate ARDS, and 9.5% had mild ARDS. The mean (standard deviation) sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was 9.5 (3.4) in non-survivors and 7.4 (3.4) in survivors (p = 0.002). Although there was no significant difference in PaO2/FiO2 on admission between non-survivors and survivors, that on day 3 after admission was significantly different (p = 0.002). Logistic regression revealed that PaO2/FiO2 on day 3 [odds ratio (OR), 1.010; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003-1.017], length of stay in a local hospital before admission to the central hospital (OR, 1.122; 95% CI, 1.042-1.210) due to stable condition, and SOFA score on Day 1 (OR, 0.842; 95% CI, 0.708-1.002) were independent factors in patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ARDS admitted the central tertiary hospital had severe illness and high mortality. Most patients were transferred from local hospitals. Improvements in human, medical, and sociological resources in local will contribute to reducing the mortality of ARDS in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshie Manabe
- Jichi Medical University, Center of Community Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Do Ngoc Son
- Bach Mai Hospital, Emergency Department, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Yuji Fujikura
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama, Japan
- National Defense Medical College Hospital, Department of Medical Risk Management and Infection Control, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Dao Xuan Co
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Quoc Tuan
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Duy Ton
- Bach Mai Hospital, Emergency Department, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kudo
- Yurin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda University Regional and Inter-Regional Studies, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dat Anh Nguyen
- Bach Mai Hospital, Emergency Department, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Ambient Pollution Contributes Not Only to Pneumonia Cases but Also to Disease Severity. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15:422-423. [PMID: 29600893 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201801-031ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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