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van Andel E, Vogel SWN, Bijlenga D, Kalsbeek A, Beekman ATF, Kooij JJS. Effects of Chronotherapeutic Interventions in Adults With ADHD and Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) on Regulation of Appetite and Glucose Metabolism. J Atten Disord 2024:10870547241285160. [PMID: 39318134 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241285160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: ADHD is highly comorbid with Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS). Both are associated with obesity and diabetes, which can be caused by long-term dysregulations of appetite and glucose metabolism. This study explores hormones involved in these processes and the effects of chronotherapeutic interventions in a small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. Methods: Exploratory, secondary analysis of data from the PhASE study, a three-armed randomized clinical trial, are presented, including 37 adults (18-53 years) with ADHD and DSPS receiving three weeks of 0.5 mg/day (1) placebo, (2) melatonin, or (3) melatonin plus 30 minutes of bright light therapy (BLT). Leptin (appetite-suppressing), ghrelin (appetite-stimulating), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and glucose were measured from blood collected at 08:00 hours. Salivary cortisol was collected during the first 30 minutes after awakening and self-reported appetite was assessed. Results: Baseline leptin and IGF-1 levels were higher than reference ranges, and ghrelin and cortisol levels were lower, while insulin and glucose were normal. Melatonin treatment decreased leptin and insulin. Other outcomes remained unchanged and melatonin + BLT had no effects. Conclusion: Due to the small sample size and exploratory nature of the study, results should be interpreted with caution. Overall, these results show no strong indications for dysregulation of appetite and glucose metabolism to suggest high risk of obesity and diabetes in this small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. However, baseline appetite was suppressed, likely because measurements took place in the early morning which could be considered the biological night for this study population. Melatonin treatment seemed to cause subtle changes in appetite-regulating hormones suggesting increased appetite. Chronotherapeutic treatment may affect appetite-regulating hormones by advancing the biological rhythm and/or altering eating behaviors, but this remains to be investigated in larger samples using detailed food diaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van Andel
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan W N Vogel
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Bijlenga
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Sleep-Wake Center SEIN, Heemstede, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
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McNeil J, Clark KG, Adams WM, Pickett S, Propper CB, McCoy TP, Edwards KE, Exford TJ, Hemphill MA, Wideman L. Sleep, Health Outcomes and Body Weight (SHOW) study: a measurement burst design study on sleep and risk factors for obesity in black emerging adults in North Carolina, USA. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e087950. [PMID: 38977366 PMCID: PMC11256040 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Black emerging adults (18-28 years) have the highest risk of short sleep duration and obesity. This increased risk may be partly explained by greater stress levels, which may result from race-related stress (racial discrimination and heightened race-related vigilance) or living in more disadvantaged home and neighbourhood environments. Insufficient sleep may also impact obesity risk via several weight-related mechanisms including energy balance, appetite and food reward, cortisol profiles and hydration status. This paper describes the rationale, design and methods for the Sleep, Health Outcomes and Body Weight (SHOW) study. This study aims to prospectively assess the effects of sleep, race-related stress and home/neighbourhood environments on weight-related mechanisms and obesity markers (body weight, waist circumference and fat mass) in 150 black emerging adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The SHOW study follows a measurement burst design that includes 3, 7-day data collection bursts (baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups). Sleep is measured with three methods: sleep diary, actigraphy and polysomnography. Energy balance over 7 days is based on resting and postprandial energy expenditure measured via indirect calorimetry, physical activity via accelerometry and self-reported and ad libitum energy intake methods. Self-reported methods and blood biomarkers assess fasting and postprandial appetite profiles and a behavioural-choice task measures food reward. Cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol profiles over 3 days are assessed via saliva samples and chronic cortisol exposure via a hair sample. Hydration markers are assessed with 24-hour urine collection over 3 days and fasting blood biomarkers. Race-related stress is self-reported over 7 days. Home and neighbourhood environments (via the Windshield Survey) is observer assessed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was granted by the University of North Carolina at Greensboro's Institutional Review Board. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations at scientific meetings and reports, briefs/infographics for lay and community audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Krista G Clark
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - William M Adams
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Pickett
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cathi B Propper
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas P McCoy
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen E Edwards
- Department of Educational Leadership and Cultural Foundations, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - T J Exford
- Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Hemphill
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Maloney A, Kanaley JA. Short Sleep Duration Disrupts Glucose Metabolism: Can Exercise Turn Back the Clock? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:77-86. [PMID: 38608214 PMCID: PMC11168896 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Short sleep duration is prevalent in modern society and may be contributing to type 2 diabetes prevalence. This review will explore the effects of sleep restriction on glycemic control, the mechanisms causing insulin resistance, and whether exercise can offset changes in glycemic control. Chronic sleep restriction may also contribute to a decrease in physical activity leading to further health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Maloney
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Jaspan VN, Greenberg GS, Parihar S, Park CM, Somers VK, Shapiro MD, Lavie CJ, Virani SS, Slipczuk L. The Role of Sleep in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:249-262. [PMID: 38795275 PMCID: PMC11192677 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sleep is an important component of cardiovascular (CV) health. This review summarizes the complex relationship between sleep and CV disease (CVD). Additionally, we describe the data supporting the treatment of sleep disturbances in preventing and treating CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent guidelines recommend screening for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with atrial fibrillation. New data continues to demonstrate the importance of sleep quality and duration for CV health. There is a complex bidirectional relationship between sleep health and CVD. Sleep disturbances have systemic effects that contribute to the development of CVD, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Additionally, CVD contributes to the development of sleep disturbances. However, more data are needed to support the role of screening for and treatment of sleep disorders for the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita N Jaspan
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Garred S Greenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Siddhant Parihar
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Park
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Section On Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Ochsner Clinical School, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Office of the Vice Provost (Research), The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Division of Cardiology, The Texas Heart Institute/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Liu J, Richmond RC, Anderson EL, Bowden J, Barry CJS, Dashti HS, Daghlas IS, Lane JM, Kyle SD, Vetter C, Morrison CL, Jones SE, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Wright AK, Carr MJ, Anderson SG, Emsley RA, Ray DW, Weedon MN, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Lawlor DA. The role of accelerometer-derived sleep traits on glycated haemoglobin and glucose levels: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14962. [PMID: 38942746 PMCID: PMC11213880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-reported shorter/longer sleep duration, insomnia, and evening preference are associated with hyperglycaemia in observational analyses, with similar observations in small studies using accelerometer-derived sleep traits. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies support an effect of self-reported insomnia, but not others, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). To explore potential effects, we used MR methods to assess effects of accelerometer-derived sleep traits (duration, mid-point least active 5-h, mid-point most active 10-h, sleep fragmentation, and efficiency) on HbA1c/glucose in European adults from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 73,797) and the MAGIC consortium (n = 146,806). Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to determine genetic correlations across accelerometer-derived, self-reported sleep traits, and HbA1c/glucose. We found no causal effect of any accelerometer-derived sleep trait on HbA1c or glucose. Similar MR results for self-reported sleep traits in the UKB sub-sample with accelerometer-derived measures suggested our results were not explained by selection bias. Phenotypic and genetic correlation analyses suggested complex relationships between self-reported and accelerometer-derived traits indicating that they may reflect different types of exposure. These findings suggested accelerometer-derived sleep traits do not affect HbA1c. Accelerometer-derived measures of sleep duration and quality might not simply be 'objective' measures of self-reported sleep duration and insomnia, but rather captured different sleep characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ciarrah-Jane S Barry
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iyas S Daghlas
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claire L Morrison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison K Wright
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew J Carr
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard A Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Mei Y, Ji N, Zhang B, Xia W, Feng X, Xu R, Xue D. Association between life's essential 8 and testosterone deficiency in US men: findings from national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1395576. [PMID: 38978622 PMCID: PMC11228159 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1395576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Testosterone deficiency (TD) is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We intended to explore the association of Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the recently updated measurement of cardiovascular health, with the prevalence of TD among US male adults. Methods The population-based cross-sectional study selected male adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2016. According to the American Heart Association definitions, the LE8 score was measured on a scale of 0-100, and divided into health behavior and health factor scores, simultaneously. Furthermore, these scores were categorized into low (0-49), moderate (50-79), and high (80-100) classifications. TD is defined as a total testosterone level below 300ng/dL. Correlations were investigated by weighted multivariable logistic regression, and the robustness of the results were verified by subgroup analysis. Results A total of 4971 male adults with an average age of 47.46 ± 0.41 years were eligible for the final analyses, of whom 1372 were determined to have TD. The weighted mean LE8 score of the study population was 68.11 ± 0.41. After fully adjusting potential confounders, higher LE8 scores were significantly associated with low risk of TD (odd ratio [OR] for each 10-point increase, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.88) in a linear dose-response relationship. Similar patterns were also identified in the association of health factor scores with TD (OR for each 10-point increase, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.83). These results persisted when LE8 and health factor scores was categorized into low, moderate, and high groups. The inversed association of LE8 classifications and TD remained statistically significant among older, obese, and men without CVD. Conclusions LE8 and its health factor subscales scores were negatively associated with the presence of TD in linear fashions. Promoting adherence to optimal cardiovascular health levels may be advantageous to alleviate the burden of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Mei
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nuo Ji
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingliang Feng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfang Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Vatier C, Christin-Maitre S. Epigenetic/circadian clocks and PCOS. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1167-1175. [PMID: 38600622 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6-20% of reproductive-aged women. It is associated with increased risks of metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, mood disorders, endometrial cancer and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although various susceptibility loci have been identified through genetic studies, they account for ∼10% of PCOS heritability. Therefore, the etiology of PCOS remains unclear. This review explores the role of epigenetic changes and modifications in circadian clock genes as potential contributors to PCOS pathogenesis. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA changes, have been described in diseases related to PCOS, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Furthermore, several animal models have illustrated a link between prenatal exposure to androgens or anti-Müllerian hormone and PCOS-like phenotypes in subsequent generations, illustrating an epigenetic programming in PCOS. In humans, epigenetic changes have been reported in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), adipose tissue, granulosa cells (GC), and liver from women with PCOS. The genome of women with PCOS is globally hypomethylated compared to healthy controls. However, specific hypomethylated or hypermethylated genes have been reported in the different tissues of these women. They are mainly involved in hormonal regulation and inflammatory pathways, as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. Additionally, sleep disorders are present in women with PCOS and disruptions in clock genes' expression patterns have been observed in their PBMC or GCs. While epigenetic changes hold promise as diagnostic biomarkers, the current challenge lies in distinguishing whether these changes are causes or consequences of PCOS. Targeting epigenetic modifications potentially opens avenues for precision medicine in PCOS, including lifestyle interventions and drug therapies. However, data are still lacking in large cohorts of well-characterized PCOS phenotypes. In conclusion, understanding the interplay between genetics, epigenetics, and circadian rhythms may provide valuable insights for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Vatier
- Department of Endocrine and Reproductive Medicine, Center of Endocrine Rare Diseases of Growth and Development (CRESCENDO), FIRENDO, Endo-ERN, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) UMR 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine et Institut de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Department of Endocrine and Reproductive Medicine, Center of Endocrine Rare Diseases of Growth and Development (CRESCENDO), FIRENDO, Endo-ERN, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR U933, Paris, France
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Luo Z, Wang T, Wu W, Yan S, Chen L. Association between weekend catch-up sleep and depressive symptoms in American adults: Finding from NHANES 2017-2020. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:36-43. [PMID: 38452941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) on depressive symptoms is inconsistent among different populations, with limited evidence in Americans. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between WCS and depressive symptoms in American adults. METHODS We recruited 7719 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020. Information on sleep duration and depressive symptoms were assessed by several self-reported questions and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Then, WCS duration was calculated as weekend sleep duration minus weekday sleep duration, and WCS was further defined as WCS duration >0 h. Survey designed regression analyses were used to assess the association of WCS and depressive symptoms. RESULTS In fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression models, the odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) for depressive symptoms and the β (95 % confidence interval) for PHQ-9 score in response to WCS were 0.746 (0.462, 1.204; P = 0.218) and -0.429 (-0.900, 0.042; P = 0.073), respectively. Besides, the smooth relationship presented L-shaped, and only WCS duration of 0-2 h was statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms or PHQ-9 score. Subgroup analyses showed that the negative associations were stronger among men, adults younger than 65 years, and those with short weekday sleep duration (P for interaction <0.05). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limits the capability for causal relationship between WCS and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that moderate WCS is associated with reduced odds of depressive symptoms, which provides additional epidemiological evidence for the effects of sleep on depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wenqiong Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shipeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China.
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Rendine M, Cocci P, de Vivo L, Bellesi M, Palermo FA. Effects of Chronic Sleep Restriction on Transcriptional Sirtuin 1 Signaling Regulation in Male Mice White Adipose Tissue. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2144-2154. [PMID: 38534754 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) is a prevalent issue in modern society that is associated with several pathological states, ranging from neuropsychiatric to metabolic diseases. Despite its known impact on metabolism, the specific effects of CSR on the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis at the level of white adipose tissue (WAT) remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of CSR on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway in the WAT of young male mice. Both genes interact with specific targets involved in multiple metabolic processes, including adipocyte differentiation, browning, and lipid metabolism. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) results demonstrated a significant upregulation of SIRT-1 and some of its target genes associated with the transcriptional regulation of lipid homeostasis (i.e., PPARα, PPARγ, PGC-1α, and SREBF) and adipose tissue development (i.e., leptin, adiponectin) in CSR mice. On the contrary, DNA-binding transcription factors (i.e., CEBP-β and C-myc), which play a pivotal function during the adipogenesis process, were found to be down-regulated. Our results also suggest that the induction of SIRT1-dependent molecular pathways prevents weight gain. Overall, these findings offer new, valuable insights into the molecular adaptations of WAT to CSR, in order to support increased energy demand due to sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rendine
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Bellesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
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Wang Y, Chen P, Wang J, Lin Q, Li H, Izci-Balserak B, Yuan J, Zhao R, Zhu B. Sleep health predicted glucose metabolism among pregnant women: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 209:111570. [PMID: 38341040 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine whether sleep health in the first trimester could predict glucose metabolism in the second trimester. METHODS Pregnant women (N = 127) during the first trimester were recruited (August 2022 to March 2023). Overall sleep health was assessed by the Sleep Health Index. Various dimensions of sleep health were measured using a 7-day sleep diary and questionnaires. The outcomes, including diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and HbA1c, were obtained from the medical records in the second trimester. Poisson regression analysis and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 32.6 years. The incidence of GDM was 28.3 % and the mean HbA1c was 5.2 % (33 mmol/mol). Sleep duration regularity (RR = 1.808; 95 %CI 1.023, 3.196) was associated with GDM after controlling for confounders. SHI total score (β = -0.278; 95 %CI -0.022, -0.005) and sleep duration regularity (β = 0.243; 95 %CI 0.057, 0.372) were associated with HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Worse sleep health, particularly lower sleep regularity, predicted worse glucose metabolism among pregnant women. Healthcare professional may consider adding sleep-related assessment to prenatal care. Maintaining regular sleep should be encouraged. Studies examining the impact of sleep intervention on glucose metabolism among pregnant women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinle Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jinjin Yuan
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruru Zhao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqian Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Scott H, Naik G, Lechat B, Manners J, Fitton J, Nguyen DP, Hudson AL, Reynolds AC, Sweetman A, Escourrou P, Catcheside P, Eckert DJ. Are we getting enough sleep? Frequent irregular sleep found in an analysis of over 11 million nights of objective in-home sleep data. Sleep Health 2024; 10:91-97. [PMID: 38071172 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence-based guidelines recommend that adults should sleep 7-9 h/night for optimal health and function. This study used noninvasive, multinight, objective sleep monitoring to determine average sleep duration and sleep duration variability in a large global community sample, and how often participants met the recommended sleep duration range. METHODS Data were analyzed from registered users of the Withings under-mattress Sleep Analyzer (predominantly located in Europe and North America) who had ≥28 nights of sleep recordings, averaging ≥4 per week. Sleep durations (the average and standard deviation) were assessed across a ∼9-month period. Associations between age groups, sex, and sleep duration were assessed using linear and logistic regressions, and proportions of participants within (7-9 hours) or outside (<7 hours or >9 hours) the recommended sleep duration range were calculated. RESULTS The sample consisted of 67,254 adults (52,523 males, 14,731 females; aged mean ± SD 50 ± 12 years). About 30% of adults demonstrated an average sleep duration outside the recommended 7-9 h/night. Even in participants with an average sleep duration within 7-9 hours, about 40% of nights were outside this range. Only 15% of participants slept between 7 and 9 hours for at least 5 nights per week. Female participants had significantly longer sleep durations than male participants, and middle-aged participants had shorter sleep durations than younger or older participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a considerable proportion of adults are not regularly sleeping the recommended 7-9 h/night. Even among those who do, irregular sleep is prevalent. These novel data raise several important questions regarding sleep requirements and the need for improved sleep health policy and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Scott
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ganesh Naik
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bastien Lechat
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jack Manners
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Josh Fitton
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duc Phuc Nguyen
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna L Hudson
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexander Sweetman
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Peter Catcheside
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danny J Eckert
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Rogers EM, Banks NF, Jenkins NDM. The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3667. [PMID: 37269143 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age-group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rogers
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nile F Banks
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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13
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Marando I, Lushington K, Owen M, Matthews RW, Banks S. The sleep, circadian, and cognitive performance consequences of watchkeeping schedules in submariners: A scoping review. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 72:101845. [PMID: 37677995 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Watchkeeping schedules are essential for maintaining submarine operations, but come with human risk factors including, disrupted sleep, circadian misalignment, and cognitive deficits. There is now an emerging literature examining the strengths and weaknesses of submarine watchkeeping schedules trialled in the field and under simulated laboratory conditions. The aim of this scoping review was to summarise this literature. A systematic search of peer-reviewed journal articles and industry reports listed in MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar undertaken in May 2023 returned 7298 papers. Following screening procedures, 13 studies were identified for inclusion. The findings revealed that sleep was sufficiently preserved regardless of watchkeeping schedule (total sleep time = 5.46-7.89 h), circadian misalignment was greater for non-24 h schedules, and longer off-watch periods were associated with better cognitive performance. Taken together, when comparing between watchkeeping schedules, the present findings suggest that the 4 h-on/8 h-off and 8 h-on/16 h-off schedules may be a good compromise when balancing human risk factors and operational demands. However, submarines are complex and challenging environments to study and there is a need to expand the literature. More research comparing watchkeeping schedules is needed. Future studies should focus on cognitive performance measures, such as problem-solving, prioritisation and executive decision-making to address present shortcomings, and an examination of sleep and circadian countermeasures to assist with adaptation either initiated pre-deployment or by modifying the submarine environment itself should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Marando
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Kurt Lushington
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Mikaela Owen
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Siobhan Banks
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Australia
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14
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Topal M, Erkus E. Improving sleep quality is essential for enhancing soluble Klotho levels in hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:3275-3280. [PMID: 37382769 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep and Klotho seem to share common physiological pathways in aging. However, studies investigating this relationship are very few and none of them was done with a specific patient group. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of sleep quality and soluble Klotho levels in hemodialysis patients. METHODS 100 hemodialysis patients were included in this study. Soluble Klotho levels were obtained from each patient and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was performed by all patients. Association of soluble Klotho with sleep quality was calculated. RESULTS Soluble Klotho levels were significantly inversely correlated with total sleep quality score (p < 0.001, r = - 0.444). Among the subscales, soluble Klotho levels were negatively correlated with subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001, r = - 0.365), sleep latency (p = 0.002, r = - 0.312), sleep disturbance (p = 0.002, r = - 0.303) and daytime dysfunction (p = 0.027, r = - 0.221). Patients who had good sleep quality scores were found to have higher soluble Klotho levels [4.15 (0.05-22.68) vs. 1.14 (0.32-17.63), p < 0.001]. In regression analysis, total sleep quality score, subjective sleep quality and age were found to be independent negative factors for soluble Klotho levels. CONCLUSION In this study, a significant association between sleep quality and soluble Klotho levels was revealed in hemodialysis patients. Improving sleep quality will lead to increased soluble Klotho levels, which may further slow down the aging process in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Topal
- Clinic of Nephrology, Konya City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Akabe Mahallesi Adana Çevreyolu Caddesi No: 135/1, 42020, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Edip Erkus
- Clinic of Nephrology, Konya City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Akabe Mahallesi Adana Çevreyolu Caddesi No: 135/1, 42020, Konya, Turkey
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15
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Barragán R, Zuraikat FM, Cheng B, Scaccia SE, Cochran J, Aggarwal B, Jelic S, St‐Onge M. Paradoxical Effects of Prolonged Insufficient Sleep on Lipid Profile: A Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e032078. [PMID: 37815115 PMCID: PMC10757551 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Insufficient sleep is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but causality is unclear. We investigated the impact of prolonged mild sleep restriction (SR) on lipid and inflammatory profiles. Methods and Results Seventy-eight participants (56 women [12 postmenopausal]; age, 34.3±12.5 years; body mass index, 25.8±3.5 kg/m2) with habitual sleep duration 7 to 9 h/night (adequate sleep [AS]) underwent two 6-week conditions in a randomized crossover design: AS versus SR (AS-1.5 h/night). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers (CRP [C-reactive protein], interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were assessed. Linear models tested effects of SR on outcomes in the full sample and by sex+menopausal status (premenopausal versus postmenopausal women+men). In the full sample, SR increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with AS (β=1.2±0.5 mg/dL; P=0.03). Sex+menopausal status influenced the effects of SR on change in total cholesterol (P-interaction=0.04), LDL-C (P-interaction=0.03), and interleukin 6 (P-interaction=0.07). Total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased in SR versus AS in premenopausal women (total cholesterol: β=-4.2±1.9 mg/dL; P=0.03; LDL-C: β=-6.3±2.0 mg/dL; P=0.002). Given paradoxical effects of SR on cholesterol concentrations, we explored associations between changes in inflammation and end point lipids under each condition. Increases in interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α during SR tended to relate to lower LDL-C in premenopausal women (interleukin 6: β=-5.3±2.6 mg/dL; P=0.051; tumor necrosis factor-α: β=-32.8±14.2 mg/dL; P=0.027). Conclusions Among healthy adults, prolonged insufficient sleep does not increase atherogenic lipids. However, increased inflammation in SR tends to predict lower LDL-C in premenopausal women, resembling the "lipid paradox" in which low cholesterol associates with increased cardiovascular disease risk in proinflammatory conditions. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT02835261, NCT02960776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Barragán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Faris M. Zuraikat
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of General Medicine, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Samantha E. Scaccia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Justin Cochran
- Department of SurgeryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Marie‐Pierre St‐Onge
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of General Medicine, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
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16
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Mondragon ADC, Cardelle-Cobas A, Santos EM, Porto-Arias JJ, Cepeda A, Miranda JM. Effects of Unconventional Work and Shift Work on the Human Gut Microbiota and the Potential of Probiotics to Restore Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3070. [PMID: 37447396 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The work environment is a factor that can significantly influence the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota of workers, in many cases leading to gut dysbiosis that will result in serious health problems. The aim of this paper was to provide a compilation of the different studies that have examined the influence of jobs with unconventional work schedules and environments on the gut microbiota of workers performing such work. As a possible solution, probiotic supplements, via modulation of the gut microbiota, can moderate the effects of sleep disturbance on the immune system, as well as restore the dysbiosis produced. Rotating shift work has been found to be associated with an increase in the risk of various metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Sleep disturbance or lack of sleep due to night work is also associated with metabolic diseases. In addition, sleep disturbance induces a stress response, both physiologically and psychologically, and disrupts the healthy functioning of the gut microbiota, thus triggering an inflammatory state. Other workers, including military, healthcare, or metallurgy workers, as well as livestock farmers or long-travel seamen, work in environments and schedules that can significantly affect their gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Lopez-Santamarina
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alicia Del Carmen Mondragon
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Santos
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Pachuca 42076, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jose Julio Porto-Arias
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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17
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Abstract
Shift work can cause circadian cycles disturbances and misaligns the endogenous rhythms. The physiological variables are driven by the circadian system and, its misalignment, can impair the metabolic functions. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic alterations as a result of shift work and night work reported in articles published in the last 5 years, using the eligibility criteria both gender and indexed articles in English language. In order to execute this work, we perform a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines and searched about Chronobiology Disorders and Night Work, both related to metabolism, in Medline, Lilacs, ScienceDirect and Cochrane. Cross-sectional, cohort and experimental studies with low risk of bias were included. We found a total of 132 articles, and, after the selection process, 16 articles remained to be analyzed. It was observed that shift work can cause circadian misalignment and, consequently, some metabolic parameters alterations such as an impaired glycemic control and insulin functioning, cortisol phase release, cholesterol fractions imbalance, changes in morphological indexes and melatonin secretion. There are some limitations, such as heterogenicity in used databases and the 5 years restriction period, because the effects of sleep disturbance may have been reported earlier. In conclusion, we suggest that shift work interferes with the sleep-wake cycle and eating patterns, which cause crucial physiological alterations that, together, can lead to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Del Vechio Koike
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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18
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Meyhöfer S, Chamorro R, Hallschmid M, Spyra D, Klinsmann N, Schultes B, Lehnert H, Meyhöfer SM, Wilms B. Late, but Not Early, Night Sleep Loss Compromises Neuroendocrine Appetite Regulation and the Desire for Food. Nutrients 2023; 15:2035. [PMID: 37432152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that reduced sleep duration increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, leading to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of sleep timing, irrespective of its duration and on the regulation of hunger and appetite, is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep loss during the late vs. early part of the night on the regulation of hunger, appetite, and desire for food. METHODS Fifteen normal-weight ([mean ± SEM] body-mass index: 23.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2) healthy men were studied in a randomized, balanced, crossover design, including two conditions of sleep loss, i.e., 4 h sleep during the first night-half ('late-night sleep loss'), 4 h sleep during the second night-half ('early-night sleep loss'), and a control condition with 8h sleep ('regular sleep'), respectively. Feelings of hunger and appetite were assessed through visual analogue scales, and plasma ghrelin and leptin were measured from blood samples taken before, during, and after night-time sleep. RESULTS Ghrelin and feelings of hunger and appetite, as well as the desire for food, were increased after 'late-night sleep loss', but not 'early-night sleep loss', whereas leptin remained unaffected by the timing of sleep loss. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that timing of sleep restriction modulates the effects of acute sleep loss on ghrelin and appetite regulation in healthy men. 'Late-night sleep loss' might be a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thereby, our findings highlight the metabolic relevance of chronobiological sleep timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen (IDM), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denisa Spyra
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nelli Klinsmann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernd Schultes
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian M Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Sleep serves important biological functions, and influences health and longevity through endocrine and metabolic related systems. Sleep debt, circadian misalignment and sleep disruption from obstructive sleep apnea is widespread in modern society and accumulates with life because recovery sleep is not completely restorative. Accumulated disordered sleep throughout life impacts the ageing process and the development of age-related diseases. When epidemiological and interventional studies are considered collectively, sleep loss and lower sleep duration are associated with lower morning, afternoon and 24-h testosterone; as well as higher afternoon, but not morning or 24-h cortisol. These reciprocal changes imbalances anabolic-catabolic signaling because testosterone and cortisol are respectively the main anabolic and catabolic signals in man. Fixing testosterone-cortisol balance by means of a novel dual-hormone clamp mitigates the induction of insulin resistance by sleep restriction and provided the first proof-of-concept that the metabolic harm from sleep loss can be ameliorated by approaches that do not require sleeping more. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with lower testosterone, even after controlling for age and obesity whereas the conclusion that continuous positive airway pressure therapy has no effect on testosterone is premature because available studies are underpowered and better-quality studies suggest otherwise. High dose testosterone therapy induces OSA, but more physiological dosing may not; and this effect may be transient or may dissipate with longer term therapy. Studies investigating the origin of the diurnal testosterone rhythm, the effect of circadian misalignment on testosterone-cortisol balance, and methods to mitigate metabolic harm, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, 1124 W Carson St., Box 446, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Radha T Reddy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, 1124 W Carson St., Box 446, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
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20
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Sivakumaran K, Ritonja JA, Palmer N, Pasumarthi T, Waseem H, Yu T, Denning A, Michaud D, Morgan RL. Effect of sleep disturbance on biomarkers related to the development of adverse health outcomes: A systematic review of the human literature. J Sleep Res 2022; 32:e13775. [PMID: 36330773 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Literature suggests that unrestricted and undisturbed sleep is vital for basic human function and performance; however, it is unclear as to what amount of sleep disturbance leads to dysregulation in biomarkers, which may underscore the development of adverse health effects. This systematic review aims to identify the amount of sleep disturbance that contributes to biomarker changes as a potential precursor to the development of adverse health effects. English-language comparative studies available in PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases from 1 January 1980 to 31 July 2021 were searched. Where possible, random-effects meta-analyses were used to examine the effect of sleep disturbances on adverse health effects. The risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Risk of Bias of Nonrandomised Studies - of Exposures instruments and the certainty of the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The search identified 92 primary studies reporting on blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac output, waist circumference, cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, immune system markers, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Although some meta-analyses suggested there may be an association between sleep disturbances and certain outcomes, the certainty in the evidence was very low due to concerns with risk of bias, inconsistency across exposures, populations, and imprecision in the estimates of effects. Further research is needed to explore the point at which types, levels and duration of sleep disturbances may begin to increase the risk of developing adverse health outcomes to inform and tailor health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A. Ritonja
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Tejanth Pasumarthi
- Evidence Foundation Cleveland Heights Ohio USA
- School of Interdisciplinary Science McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Haya Waseem
- Evidence Foundation Cleveland Heights Ohio USA
| | - Tiffany Yu
- Evidence Foundation Cleveland Heights Ohio USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Allison Denning
- Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate Consumer & Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - David Michaud
- Health Canada, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate Consumer & Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Morgan
- Evidence Foundation Cleveland Heights Ohio USA
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Kontou TG, Sargent C, Roach GD. A Week of Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect Nighttime Glucose Concentration in Healthy Adult Males When Slow-Wave Sleep Is Maintained. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6962. [PMID: 36146310 PMCID: PMC9500600 DOI: 10.3390/s22186962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this laboratory-based study was to examine the effect of sleep restriction on glucose regulation during nighttime sleep. Healthy males were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: 9 h in bed (n = 23, age = 24.0 year) or 5 h in bed (n = 18, age = 21.9 year). Participants had a baseline night with 9 h in bed (23:00-08:00 h), then seven nights of 9 h (23:00-08:00 h) or 5 h (03:00-08:00 h) in bed. Participants were mostly seated during the daytime but had three bouts of treadmill walking (4 km·h-1 for 10 min) at ~14:40 h, ~17:40 h, and ~20:40 h each day. On the baseline night and night seven, glucose concentration in interstitial fluid was assessed by using continuous glucose monitors, and sleep was assessed by using polysomnography. On night seven, compared to the 9 h group, the 5 h group obtained less total sleep (292 min vs. 465 min) and less REM sleep (81 min vs. 118 min), but their slow-wave sleep did not differ (119 min vs. 120 min), and their glucose concentration during sleep did not differ (5.1 mmol·L-1 vs. 5.1 mmol·L-1). These data indicate that sleep restriction does not cause elevated levels of circulating glucose during nighttime sleep when slow-wave sleep is maintained. In the future, it will be important to determine whether increased insulin is required to maintain circulating glucose at a normal level when sleep is restricted.
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22
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Feingold CL, Smiley A. Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10740. [PMID: 36078455 PMCID: PMC9518120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When one considers the big picture of their health, sufficient sleep may often go overlooked as a keystone element in this picture. Insufficient sleep in either quality or duration is a growing problem for our modern society. It is essential to look at what this means for our health because insufficient sleep increases our risks of innumerable lifechanging diseases. Beyond increasing the risk of developing these diseases, it also makes the symptoms and pathogenesis of many diseases worse. Additionally, consistent quality sleep can not only improve our physical health but has also been shown to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Substandard sleep health could be a root cause for numerous issues individuals may be facing in their lives. It is essential that physicians take the time to learn about how to educate their patients on sleep health and try to work with them on an individual level to help motivate lifestyle changes. Facilitating access to sleep education for their patients is one way in which physicians can help provide patients with the tools to improve their sleep health. Throughout this paper, we will review the mechanisms behind the relationship between insufficient sleep health and chronic disease and what the science says about how inadequate sleep health negatively impacts the overall health and the quality of our lives. We will also explain the lifechanging effects of sufficient sleep and how we can help patients get there.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Smiley
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, New York, NY 10595, USA
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23
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Culver MN, McMillan NK, Cross BL, Robinson AT, Montoye AH, Riemann BL, Flatt AA, Grosicki GJ. Sleep duration irregularity is associated with elevated blood pressure in young adults. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1320-1328. [PMID: 35844152 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sleep irregularity (i.e., highly variable sleep patterns) is an emerging risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Though irregular sleep patterns are common among young adults, the cardiometabolic health (CMH) repercussions of sleep irregularity in this population are unclear. We examined associations between sleep duration and irregularity with measures of CMH in 44 (24 M/20 F, 23 ± 5y, BMI 26 ± 4 kg/m2, blood pressure (BP): 125/71 ± 14/9 mmHg) young adults. Participants wore actigraphy monitors for seven-days and sleep duration irregularity was operationalized as the standard deviation of nightly sleep duration (sleep SD). CMH variables of interest included brachial and aortic BP, arterial stiffness (cf-PWV), augmentation index (AIx75), and fasting blood glucose and lipids. Associations between sleep duration and sleep SD with CMH variables were assessed via correlations adjusted for sex and BMI. Sleep duration generally was not associated with CMH indices. However, sleep SD was associated with brachial systolic (r = 0.433, p = .027) and diastolic BP (r = 0.415, p = .035). Similarly, sleep duration SD was associated with aortic systolic BP (r = 0.447, p = .022). Our findings show that sleep irregularity, but not duration, is associated with higher brachial and central BP in young adults.Abbreviations: AIx75: augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats per minute; BP: blood pressure; CMH: cardiometabolic health; cf-PWV: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; DXA: dual x-ray absorptiometry; mg/dl: milligrams per deciliter; PWA: pulse wave analysis; PWV: pulse wave velocity; sleep duration SD: standard deviation of nightly sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral N Culver
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA.,Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathan K McMillan
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Brett L Cross
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexander Hk Montoye
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Health Science, Alma College, Alma, Michigan, USA
| | - Bryan L Riemann
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory J Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
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Teo P, Henry BA, Moran LJ, Cowan S, Bennett C. The role of sleep in PCOS: what we know and what to consider in the future. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:305-318. [PMID: 35815469 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2082941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disturbance and clinical sleep conditions disrupt endocrine signals, energy expenditure and nutritional intake. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk of sleep disturbances and clinical conditions. It is possible that sleep may contribute to the exacerbation of PCOS. This review aims to explore the relationship between sleep and chronic disease, particularly in women with PCOS. AREAS COVERED This review narratively explores what sleep is, how to measure sleep and the possible mechanisms that support the link between sleep in adipose tissue deposition, insulin resistance and the presentation of PCOS. EXPERT OPINION Research shows that disturbed sleep and clinical sleep conditions disrupt energy expenditure. This may increase adipose tissue deposition and exacerbate insulin resistance which are known to worsen the presentation of PCOS. Further, sleep disturbance in women with PCOS may ameliorate any positive lifestyle changes made after diagnosis. Cognitive behavioural therapy interventions for sleep are a successful strategy for the management of sleep disturbances in the general population. However, such interventions are yet to be trialled in women with PCOS. Given the proposed implications, interventions to improve sleep could provide additional support for women with PCOS to successfully implement lifestyle strategies and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiseah Teo
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda A Henry
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zitting KM, Vetrivelan R, Yuan RK, Vujovic N, Wang W, Bandaru SS, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Duffy JF, Saper CB, Czeisler CA. Chronic circadian disruption on a high-fat diet impairs glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2022; 130:155158. [PMID: 35150732 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 14% of Americans experience chronic circadian disruption due to shift work, increasing their risk of obesity, diabetes, and other cardiometabolic disorders. These disorders are also exacerbated by modern eating habits such as frequent snacking and consumption of high-fat foods. METHODS We investigated the effects of recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glucose metabolism in C57BL/6 mice and in human participants exposed to non-24-h light-dark (LD) schedules vs. those on standard 24-h LD schedules. These LD schedules were designed to induce circadian misalignment between behaviors including rest/activity and fasting/eating with the output of the near-24-h central circadian pacemaker, while minimizing sleep loss, and were maintained for 12 weeks in mice and 3 weeks in humans. We examined interactions of these circadian-disrupted schedules compared to control 24-h schedules with a lower-fat diet (LFD, 13% in mouse and 25-27% in humans) and high-fat diet (HFD, 45% in mouse and 45-50% in humans). We also used young vs. older mice to determine whether they would respond differently to RCD. RESULTS When combined with a HFD, we found that RCD caused significant weight gain in mice and increased body fat in humans, and significantly impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both mice and humans, but this did not occur when RCD was combined with a LFD. This effect was similar in both young and older mice. CONCLUSION These results in both humans and a model organism indicate that circadian disruption has an adverse effect on metabolism among individuals eating a high-fat Western-style diet, even in the absence of significant sleep loss, and suggest that reducing dietary fat may protect against the metabolic consequences of a lifestyle (such as shift work) that involves chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Tait JL, Drain JR, Corrigan SL, Drake JM, Main LC. Impact of military training stress on hormone response and recovery. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265121. [PMID: 35271678 PMCID: PMC8912193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Military personnel are required to train and operate in challenging multi-stressor environments, which can affect hormonal levels, and subsequently compromise performance and recovery. The aims of this project were to 1) assess the impact of an eight-day military training exercise on salivary cortisol and testosterone, 2) track the recovery of these hormones during a period of reduced training.
Methods
This was a prospective study whereby 30 soldiers (n = 27 men, n = 3 women) undergoing the Australian Army combat engineer ‘Initial Employment Training’ course were recruited and tracked over a 16-day study period which included an eight-day military training exercise. Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected at waking, 30 min post waking, and bedtime on days 1, 5, 9, 13, 15; measures of subjective load were collected on the same days. Sleep was measured continuously via actigraphy, across four sequential study periods; 1) baseline (PRE: days 1–4), 2) field training with total sleep deprivation (EX-FIELD: days 5–8), 3) training at simulated base camp with sleep restriction (EX-BASE: days 9–12), and 4) a three-day recovery period (REC: days 13–15).
Results
Morning cortisol concentrations were lower following EX-FIELD (p<0.05) compared to the end of REC. Training in the field diminished testosterone concentrations (p<0.05), but levels recovered within four days. Bedtime testosterone/cortisol ratios decreased following EX-FIELD and did not return to pre-training levels.
Conclusions
The sensitivity of testosterone levels and the testosterone/cortisol ratio to the period of field training suggests they may be useful indicators of a soldier’s state of physiological strain, or capacity, however inter-individual differences in response to a multi-stressor environment need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Tait
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jace R. Drain
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Fisherman’s Bend, Australia
| | - Sean L. Corrigan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy M. Drake
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luana C. Main
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Zhao Y, Shu Y, Zhao N, Zhou Z, Jia X, Jian C, Jin S. Insulin resistance induced by long-term sleep deprivation in rhesus macaques can be attenuated by Bifidobacterium. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E165-E172. [PMID: 34843659 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00329.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-term sleep deprivation (SD) is a bad lifestyle habit, especially among specific occupational practitioners, characterized by circadian rhythm misalignment and abnormal sleep/wake cycles. SD is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disturbance, particularly obesity and insulin resistance. The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a critical insulin release determinant secreted by the intestinal L-cell upon food intake. Besides, the gut microbiota participates in metabolic homeostasis and regulates GLP-1 release in a circadian rhythm manner. As a commonly recognized intestinal probiotic, Bifidobacterium has various clinical indications regarding its curative effect. However, few studies have investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on sleep disorders. In the present study, we explored the impact of long-term SD on the endocrine metabolism of rhesus monkeys and determined the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on the SD-induced metabolic status. Lipid concentrations, body weight, fast blood glucose, and insulin levels increased after SD. Furthermore, after 2 mo of long-term SD, the intravenous glucose tolerance test showed that the glucose metabolism was impaired and the insulin sensitivity decreased. Moreover, 1 mo of Bifidobacterium oral administration significantly reduced blood glucose and attenuated insulin resistance in rhesus macaques. Overall, our results suggested that Bifidobacterium might be used to alleviate SD-induced aberrant glucose metabolism and improve insulin resistance. Also, it might help in better understanding the mechanisms governing the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings demonstrated that long-term sleep deprivation is closely associated with metabolic syndromes. Bifidobacterium administration showed a superior effect on insulin resistance caused by sleep deprivation. Overall, we provide prevention and treatment methods for long-term sleep deprivation, a bad lifestyle habit among specific occupational practitioners, such as irregular shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Jian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Sleep Disturbance and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Roles of Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031706. [PMID: 35163627 PMCID: PMC8835888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are a growing group of peptide or protein hormones that play important roles in whole body metabolism and metabolic diseases. Sleep is an integral component of energy metabolism, and sleep disturbance has been implicated in a wide range of metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipokines may play a role in mediating the close association between sleep disorders and systemic metabolic derangements. In this review, we briefly summarize a group of selected adipokines and their identified function in metabolism. Moreover, we provide a balanced overview of these adipokines and their roles in sleep physiology and sleep disorders from recent human and animal studies. These studies collectively demonstrate that the functions of adipokine in sleep physiology and disorders could be largely twofold: (1) adipokines have multifaceted roles in sleep physiology and sleep disorders, and (2) sleep disturbance can in turn affect adipokine functions that likely contribute to systemic metabolic derangements.
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Bock JM, Vungarala S, Covassin N, Somers VK. Sleep Duration and Hypertension: Epidemiological Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:3-11. [PMID: 34536276 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the contribution of several physiological systems to arterial blood pressure regulation has been studied extensively, the role of normal and disrupted sleep as a modifiable determinant of blood pressure control, and in the pathophysiology of hypertension, has only recently emerged. Several sleep disorders, including sleep apnea and insomnia, are thought to contribute to the development of hypertension, although less attention is paid to the relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure independent of sleep disorders per se. Accordingly, this review focuses principally on the physiology of sleep and the consequences of abnormal sleep duration both experimentally and at the population level. Clinical implications for patients with insomnia who may or may not have abbreviated sleep duration are explored. As a corollary, we further review studies of the effects of sleep extension on blood pressure regulation. We also discuss epidemiological evidence suggesting that long sleep may also be associated with hypertension and describe the parabolic relationship between total sleep time and blood pressure. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature regarding the potential role of gut microbial health in the cross-communication of lifestyle patterns (exercise, diet, and sleep) with blood pressure regulation. Additionally, we discuss populations at increased risk of short sleep, and specifically the need to understand mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in women, pregnancy, the elderly, and in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Bock
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Soumya Vungarala
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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30
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Kass L, Sanderson JC, Desai T, Hurst R. The relationship between the elevation of haemoglobin A1c level, sleep quality and sleep duration in clinically diagnosed pre-diabetic patients in a nationally representative sample. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2022; 19:14791641211067421. [PMID: 35166578 PMCID: PMC8851951 DOI: 10.1177/14791641211067421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the United Kingdom accounting for approximately 15% of deaths per year. Growing evidence suggests that sleep duration and quality contributes towards this. This study aimed to determine whether there was a significant relationship between the elevation of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, sleep quality (SQ) and sleep duration (SD) in clinically diagnosed pre-diabetic patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS Following referral from a relevant healthcare professional, participants (n = 40) were registered on the National Health Service England, funded Healthier You: National Diabetes Prevention Programme and completed a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire to evaluate SQ and SD. RESULTS A Spearman's correlation showed an association between HbA1c, SQ and SD measures. A simple linear regression showed a significant large positive association (rs = 0.913, p < 0.001) and significant regression (F (1) = 39, p < 0.001) with an R2 of 0.842 between HbA1c level and SQ. Additionally, a significant large negative association (rs = 0.757, p < 0.001) and significant regression was found (F (1) = 39, p < 0.001) with an R2 of 0.570 between HbA1c and SD. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a relationship between SQ, SD and the elevation of HbA1c which may contribute towards prevalence of T2DM and may help to increase adherence to diabetes prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsy Kass
- School of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Lindsy Kass, School of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Institute of Sport, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK.
| | - Julia C Sanderson
- School of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Terun Desai
- School of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Rebecca Hurst
- School of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Lin W, Saner NJ, Weng X, Caruana NJ, Botella J, Kuang J, Lee MJC, Jamnick NA, Pitchford NW, Garnham A, Bartlett JD, Chen H, Bishop DJ. The Effect of Sleep Restriction, With or Without Exercise, on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Profiles in Healthy Young Males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863224. [PMID: 35937838 PMCID: PMC9355502 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate sleep is associated with many detrimental health effects, including increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These effects have been associated with changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome, although this has not been characterised in response to a period of sleep restriction. Exercise induces a beneficial transcriptional response within skeletal muscle that may counteract some of the negative effects associated with sleep restriction. We hypothesised that sleep restriction would down-regulate transcriptional pathways associated with glucose metabolism, but that performing exercise would mitigate these effects. METHODS 20 healthy young males were allocated to one of three experimental groups: a Normal Sleep (NS) group (8 h time in bed per night (TIB), for five nights (11 pm - 7 am)), a Sleep Restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am - 7 am)), and a Sleep Restriction and Exercise group (SR+EX) (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am - 7 am) and three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions (performed at 10 am)). RNA sequencing was performed on muscle samples collected pre- and post-intervention. Our data was then compared to skeletal muscle transcriptomic data previously reported following sleep deprivation (24 h without sleep). RESULTS Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated there was an increased enrichment of inflammatory and immune response related pathways in the SR group post-intervention. However, in the SR+EX group the direction of enrichment in these same pathways occurred in the opposite directions. Despite this, there were no significant changes at the individual gene level from pre- to post-intervention. A set of genes previously shown to be decreased with sleep deprivation was also decreased in the SR group, but increased in the SR+EX group. CONCLUSION The alterations to inflammatory and immune related pathways in skeletal muscle, following five nights of sleep restriction, provide insight regarding the transcriptional changes that underpin the detrimental effects associated with sleep loss. Performing three sessions of HIIE during sleep restriction attenuated some of these transcriptional changes. Overall, the transcriptional alterations observed with a moderate period of sleep restriction were less evident than previously reported changes following a period of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Lin
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nicholas J. Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Human Integrative Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiquan Weng
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nikeisha J. Caruana
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Javier Botella
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J-C. Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Jamnick
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan W. Pitchford
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Hao Chen
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Chen, ; David J. Bishop,
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Hao Chen, ; David J. Bishop,
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Li T, Bai Y, Jiang Y, Jiang K, Tian Y, Gu J, Sun F. The potential impacts of circadian rhythm disturbances on male fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001316. [PMID: 36277693 PMCID: PMC9582279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A circadian rhythm is an internalized timing system that synchronizes the cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes of organisms to the Earth's rotation. Because all physiological activities occur at a specific time, circadian rhythm disturbances can lead to various pathological disorders and diseases. Growing evidence has shown that the circadian clock is tightly connected to male fertility, and circadian perturbations contribute to infertility. The night shiftwork, insufficient sleep, and poor sleep quality are common causes of circadian disturbances, and many studies have reported that they impair sperm quality and increase the risk of male infertility. However, research on the impacts of light, body temperature, and circadian/circannual rhythms is relatively lacking, although some correlations have been demonstrated. Moreover, as the index of sperm quality was diverse and study designs were non-uniform, the conclusions were temporarily inconsistent and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A better understanding of whether and how circadian disturbances regulate male fertility will be meaningful, as more scientific work schedules and rational lifestyles might help improve infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fa Sun, ; Jiang Gu,
| | - Fa Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fa Sun, ; Jiang Gu,
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Wei DYW, Chew M, Sabanayagam C. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Other Sleep Parameters and Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:58. [PMID: 34902078 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarise the association between obstructive sleep apnoea and diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema. To examine the effects of other sleep parameters on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema. To discuss the pathophysiology of diabetic eye changes and how it is related to obstructive sleep apnoea. RECENT FINDINGS Conflicting data exists in terms of the association of diabetic eye changes with sleep apnoea and/or other sleep parameters. Various cross-sectional studies show PDR to be associated with the prevalence of OSA. Patients who underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment were significantly less likely to develop pre/proliferative DR. Secondary sleep parameters generally are not associated with DR except for long duration of sleep. Differences in reporting could be due to the different thresholds set to define OSA/ODI and severity of DR/DME, in addition to factors used in multivariate analysis. There is a need for further studies with long-term follow-up and to assess the impact of CPAP on the development and progression of diabetic eye change(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Yong Wei Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Merwyn Chew
- Department of Ophthalmology, JurongHealth, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kontou TG, Sargent C, Roach GD. Glucose Concentrations from Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices Compared to Those from Blood Plasma during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Healthy Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412994. [PMID: 34948608 PMCID: PMC8701485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring devices measure glucose in interstitial fluid. The devices are effective when used by patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes but are increasingly being used by researchers who are interested in the effects of various behaviours of glucose concentrations in healthy participants. Despite their more frequent application in this setting, the devices have not yet been validated for use under such conditions. A total of 124 healthy participants were recruited to a ten-day laboratory study. Each participant underwent four oral glucose tolerance tests, and a total of 3315 out of a possible 4960 paired samples were included in the final analysis. Bland-Altman plots and mean absolute relative differences were used to determine the agreement between the two methods. Bland-Altman analyses revealed that the continuous glucose monitoring devices had proportional bias (R = 0.028, p < 0.001) and a mean bias of -0.048 mmol/L, and device measurements were more variable as glucose concentrations increased. Ninety-nine per cent of paired values were in Zones A and B of the Parkes Error Grid plot, and there was an overall mean absolute relative difference of 16.2% (±15.8%). There was variability in the continuous glucose monitoring devices, and this variability was higher when glucose concentrations were higher. If researchers were to use continuous glucose monitoring devices to measure glucose concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy participants, this variability would need to be considered.
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Su L, Zhang SZ, Zhu J, Wu J, Jiao YZ. Effect of partial and total sleep deprivation on serum testosterone in healthy males: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2021; 88:267-273. [PMID: 34801825 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no consensus on the effect of sleep deprivation on male serum testosterone. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between partial/total sleep deprivation and male serum testosterone level. METHODS The literature related to sleep deprivation and male serum testosterone in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their inception to July 15, 2021. Data were pooled using the Stata 15 software. The results were presented as standard mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Eighteen studies involving 252 men were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings revealed that short-term partial sleep deprivation had no significant effect on male serum testosterone (SMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.5, 0.06; P = 0.13), while total sleep deprivation reduced the male testosterone levels (SMD = -0.64; 95% CI: -0.87, -0.42; P < 0.001). According to the intervention duration of total sleep deprivation, subgroup analysis was conducted by a fixed-effects model. The results revealed that the serum testosterone was significantly decreased after 24 h total sleep deprivation (SMD = - 0.67; 95% CI = - 0.93, -0.42, P < 0.001), as well as 40-48 h total sleep deprivation (SMD = - 0.74; 95% CI = - 1.22, -0.26, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis revealed that total sleep deprivation (more than or equal to 24 h) reduces the male testosterone levels, while short-term partial sleep deprivation has no significant effect on male serum testosterone. Sleep duration plays a pivotal role in maintaining male serum testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Zheng Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-Zheng Jiao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Yuan RK, Zitting KM, Duffy JF, Vujovic N, Wang W, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Czeisler CA. Chronic Sleep Restriction While Minimizing Circadian Disruption Does Not Adversely Affect Glucose Tolerance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:764737. [PMID: 34744800 PMCID: PMC8564292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, which has been shown to adversely affect metabolism, is generally associated with prolonged exposure to artificial light at night, a known circadian disruptor. There is growing evidence suggesting that circadian disruption adversely affects metabolism, yet few studies have attempted to evaluate the adverse metabolic effects of insufficient sleep while controlling for circadian disruption. We assessed postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a standard breakfast meal in healthy adults (n = 9) who underwent 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) in a 37-day inpatient study while minimizing circadian disruption by maintaining the same duration of light exposure each study day. We compared these results to findings from an earlier inpatient study which used a forced desynchrony (FD) protocol to assess the influence of 3 weeks of CSR combined with recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glycemic control in healthy adults (n = 21). CSR combined with RCD resulted in significantly elevated postprandial plasma glucose levels (p < 0.0001), while CSR with minimized circadian disruption had no adverse glycemic effects after 3 weeks of exposure (EXP). These results suggest that one mechanism by which sleep restriction impacts metabolism may be via concurrent circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Martins-Oliveira M, Tavares I, Goadsby PJ. Was it something I ate? Understanding the bidirectional interaction of migraine and appetite neural circuits. Brain Res 2021; 1770:147629. [PMID: 34428465 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Migraine attacks can involve changes of appetite: while fasting or skipping meals are often reported triggers in susceptible individuals, hunger or food craving are reported in the premonitory phase. Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest and recognition of the importance of studying these overlapping fields of neuroscience, which has led to novel findings. The data suggest additional studies are needed to unravel key neurobiological mechanisms underlying the bidirectional interaction between migraine and appetite. Herein, we review information about the metabolic migraine phenotype and explore migraine therapeutic targets that have a strong input on appetite neuronal circuits, including the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the orexins. Furthermore, we focus on potential therapeutic peptide targets that are involved in regulation of feeding and play a role in migraine pathophysiology, such as neuropeptide Y, insulin, glucagon and leptin. We then examine the orexigenic - anorexigenic circuit feedback loop and explore glucose metabolism disturbances. Additionally, it is proposed a different perspective on the most reported feeding-related trigger - skipping meals - as well as a link between contrasting feeding behaviors (skipping meals vs food craving). Our review aims to increase awareness of migraine through the lens of appetite neurobiology in order to improve our understanding of the earlier phase of migraine, encourage better studies and cross-disciplinary collaborations, and provide novel migraine-specific therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Martins-Oliveira
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Nutrition and Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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38
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Soltanieh S, Solgi S, Ansari M, Santos HO, Abbasi B. Effect of sleep duration on dietary intake, desire to eat, measures of food intake and metabolic hormones: A systematic review of clinical trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:55-65. [PMID: 34620371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sleep, as well as diet and physical activity, plays a significant role in growth, maturation, health, and regulation of energy homeostasis. Recently, there is increasing evidence indicating a possible causal association between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and food consumption, energy intake, anthropometric characteristics, and appetite-regulating hormones by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Electronic literature searches were conducted on Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2020. The search was conducted with the following words: "Sleep Duration", "Circadian Rhythm", "Sleep Disorders" in combination with "Obesity", "Overweight", "Abdominal Obesity", "Physical Activity", "Energy Intake", "Body Mass Index", "Lipid Metabolism", "Caloric Restriction", Leptin, "Weight Gain", and "Appetite Regulation" using human studies.methods RESULTS: After screening 708 abstracts, 50 RCTs (7 on children or adolescents and 43 on adults) were identified and met the inclusion criteria. In general, the findings suggested that sleep restriction may leads to a significant increment in energy intake, fat intake, body weight, appetite, hunger, eating occasions, and portion size, while protein and carbohydrate consumption, total energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient remained unaffected as a result of sleep restriction. Serum leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol concentrations were not influenced by sleep duration as well. CONCLUSION Insufficient sleep can be considered as a contributing factor for energy imbalance, weight gain, and metabolic disorders and it is suggested that to tackle disordered eating it may be necessary to pay more attention to sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Soltanieh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Solgi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ansari
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Marques CG, Dos Santos Quaresma MVL, Nakamoto FP, Magalhães ACO, Lucin GA, Thomatieli-Santos RV. Does Modern Lifestyle Favor Neuroimmunometabolic Changes? A Path to Obesity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:705545. [PMID: 34621773 PMCID: PMC8490681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors linked to modern lifestyles, such as physical inactivity, Western diet, and poor sleep quality have been identified as key contributors to the positive energy balance (PEB). PEB rises adipose tissue hypertrophy and dysfunction over the years, affecting cells and tissues that are metabolically critical for energy homeostasis regulation, especially skeletal muscle, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut microbiota. It is known that the interaction among lifestyle factors and tissue metabolic dysfunction increases low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and other adverse metabolic disorders. Although immunometabolic mechanisms are widely discussed in obesity, neuroimmunoendocrine pathways have gained notoriety, as a link to neuroinflammation and central nervous system disorders. Hypothalamic inflammation has been associated with food intake dysregulation, which comprises homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms, promoting eating behavior changes related to the obesity prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated and integrated perspective on the effects of Western diet, sleep debt, and physical exercise on the regulation of energy homeostasis and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Subsequently, we discuss the intersection between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation and how it can contribute to energy imbalance, favoring obesity. Finally, we propose a model of interactions between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, providing new insights into preventive and therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guazzelli Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Oumatu Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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40
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García-Aviles JE, Méndez-Hernández R, Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Cruz M, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Velázquez-Moctezuma J, Hurtado-Alvarado G. Metabolic Disturbances Induced by Sleep Restriction as Potential Triggers for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:722523. [PMID: 34539357 PMCID: PMC8447653 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.722523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep has a major role in learning, memory consolidation, and metabolic function. Although it is known that sleep restriction increases the accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and the risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanism behind these effects remains unknown. In this review, we discuss how chronic sleep restriction induces metabolic and cognitive impairments that could result in the development of AD in late life. Here, we integrate evidence regarding mechanisms whereby metabolic signaling becomes disturbed after short or chronic sleep restriction in the context of cognitive impairment, particularly in the accumulation of Aβ in the brain. We also discuss the role of the blood-brain barrier in sleep restriction with an emphasis on the transport of metabolic signals into the brain and Aβ clearance. This review presents the unexplored possibility that the alteration of peripheral metabolic signals induced by sleep restriction, especially insulin resistance, is responsible for cognitive deficit and, subsequently, implicated in AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Enrique García-Aviles
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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41
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Liu PY, Lawrence-Sidebottom D, Piotrowska K, Zhang W, Iranmanesh A, Auchus RJ, Veldhuis JD, Van Dongen HPA. Clamping Cortisol and Testosterone Mitigates the Development of Insulin Resistance during Sleep Restriction in Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3436-e3448. [PMID: 34043794 PMCID: PMC8660069 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep loss in men increases cortisol and decreases testosterone, and sleep restriction by 3 to 4 hours/night induces insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We clamped cortisol and testosterone and determined the effect on insulin resistance. METHODS This was a randomized double-blind, in-laboratory crossover study in which 34 healthy young men underwent 4 nights of sleep restriction of 4 hours/night under 2 treatment conditions in random order: dual hormone clamp (cortisol and testosterone fixed), or matching placebo (cortisol and testosterone not fixed). Fasting blood samples, and an additional 23 samples for a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were collected before and after sleep restriction under both treatment conditions. Cytokines and hormones were measured from the fasting samples. Overall insulin sensitivity was determined from the OGTT by combining complementary measures: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the fasting state; Matsuda index of the absorptive state; and minimal model of both fasting and absorptive states. RESULTS Sleep restriction alone induced hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and overall insulin resistance (P < 0.001 for each). Clamping cortisol and testosterone alleviated the development of overall insulin resistance (P = 0.046) and hyperinsulinemia (P = 0.014) by 50%. Interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, peptide YY, and ghrelin did not change, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α and leptin changed in directions that would have mitigated insulin resistance with sleep restriction alone. CONCLUSION Fixing cortisol-testosterone exposure mitigates the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia, from sustained sleep restriction in men. The interplay between cortisol and testosterone may be important as a mechanism by which sleep restriction impairs metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darian Lawrence-Sidebottom
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Division of Endocrinology, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ali Iranmanesh
- Endocrinology Service, VA Medical Center, Salem, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johannes D Veldhuis
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Modeling the Influence of Chronic Sleep Restriction on Cortisol Circadian Rhythms, with Implications for Metabolic Disorders. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080483. [PMID: 34436424 PMCID: PMC8400645 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep deficiency is prevalent in modern society and is associated with increased risk of metabolic and other diseases. While the mechanisms by which chronic sleep deficiency induces pathophysiological changes are yet to be elucidated, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may be an important mediator of these effects. Cortisol, the primary hormone of the HPA axis, exhibits robust circadian rhythmicity and is moderately influenced by sleep and wake states and other physiology. Several studies have explored the effects of acute or chronic sleep deficiency (i.e., usually from self-selected chronic sleep restriction, CSR) on the HPA axis. Quantifying long-term changes in the circadian rhythm of cortisol under CSR in controlled conditions is inadequately studied due to practical limitations. We use a semi-mechanistic mathematical model of the HPA axis and the sleep/wake cycle to explore the influence of CSR on cortisol circadian rhythmicity. In qualitative agreement with experimental findings, model simulations predict that CSR results in physiologically relevant disruptions in the phase and amplitude of the cortisol rhythm. The mathematical model presented in this work provides a mechanistic framework to further explore how CSR might lead to HPA axis disruption and subsequent development of chronic metabolic complications.
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43
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Prokopidis K, Dionyssiotis Y. Effects of sleep deprivation on sarcopenia and obesity: A narrative review of randomized controlled and crossover trials. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2021; 6:50-56. [PMID: 34131601 PMCID: PMC8173530 DOI: 10.22540/jfsf-06-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortened and fragmented sleeping patterns occupying modern industrialized societies may promote metabolic disturbances accompanied by increased risk of weight gain and skeletal muscle degradation. Short-term sleep restriction may alter energy homeostasis by modifying dopamine brain receptor signaling, leading to hyperpalatable food consumption and risk of increased adiposity. Concomitantly, the metabolic damage caused by lower testosterone and higher cortisol levels may stimulate systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and suppress pathways involved in muscle protein synthesis. These changes may lead to dysregulated energy balance and skeletal muscle metabolism, increasing the risk of sarcopenic obesity, an additional public health burden. Future trials controlling for food intake and exploring further the influence of sleep deprivation on anabolic and catabolic signaling, and gut peptide interaction with energy balance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Imperial College London, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yannis Dionyssiotis
- 1 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, National Rehabilitation Center EKA, Athens, Greece
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44
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Aguayo GA, Pastore J, Backes A, Stranges S, Witte DR, Diederich NJ, Alkerwi A, Huiart L, Ruiz-Castell M, Malisoux L, Fagherazzi G. Objective and subjective sleep measures are associated with HbA1c and insulin sensitivity in the general population: Findings from the ORISCAV-LUX-2 study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 48:101263. [PMID: 34023494 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the association of objective and subjective sleep measures with HbA1c and insulin sensitivity in the general population. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, data from 1028 participants in the ORISCAV-LUX-2 study from the general population in Luxembourg were analyzed. Objective sleep measures were assessed using accelerometers whereas subjective measures were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Sleep measures were defined as predictors, while HbA1c and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) scores were considered outcomes. Linear and spline regression models were fitted by progressively adjusting for demographic and lifestyle variables in the total sample population as well as by stratified analyses using gender, obesity status, depressive symptoms and diabetes status. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, total and deep sleep durations were associated with lower HbA1c (mmol/mol) levels, whereas sleep coefficients of variation (%) and poor sleep efficiency, as measured by PSQI scores (units), were associated with higher HbA1c levels. In stratified models, such associations were observed mainly in men, and in subjects who had depressive symptoms, were overweight and no diabetes. In addition, total sleep, deep sleep, coefficients of variation and poor sleep efficiency as measured by PSQI revealed non-linear associations. Similarly, greater insulin sensitivity was associated with longer total sleep time and with PSQI-6 (use of sleep medication). CONCLUSION Associations were more frequently observed between sleep characteristics and glycaemic control with the use of objective sleep measures. Also, such associations varied within subgroups of the population. Our results highlight the relevance of measuring sleep patterns as key factors in the prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A Aguayo
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Jessica Pastore
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Backes
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nico J Diederich
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Laetitia Huiart
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Ruiz-Castell
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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45
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Liu PY, Takahashi PY, Yang RJ, Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis JD. Age and time-of-day differences in the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular, and adrenal, response to total overnight sleep deprivation. Sleep 2021; 43:5717179. [PMID: 31993665 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES In young men, sleep restriction decreases testosterone (Te) and increases afternoon cortisol (F), leading to anabolic-catabolic imbalance, insulin resistance, and other andrological health consequences. Age-related differences in the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular/adrenal response to sleep restriction could expose older individuals to greater or lesser risk. We aimed to evaluate and compare the 24-h and time-of-day effect of sleep restriction on F, luteinizing hormone (LH), and Te in young and older men. METHODS Thirty-five healthy men, aged 18-30 (n = 17) and 60-80 (n =18) years, underwent overnight sleep deprivation (complete nighttime wakefulness) or nighttime sleep (10 pm to 6 am) with concurrent 10-min blood sampling in a prospectively randomized crossover study. F, LH, and Te secretion were calculated by deconvolution analysis. RESULTS Sleep deprivation had multiple effects on 24-h Te secretion with significant reductions in mean concentrations, basal, total and pulsatile secretion, and pulse frequency (each p < 0.05), in the absence of detectable changes in LH. These effects were most apparent in older men and differed according to age for some parameters: pulsatile Te secretion (p = 0.03) and Te pulse frequency (p = 0.02). Time-of-day analyses revealed that sleep restriction significantly reduced Te in the morning and afternoon, reduced LH in the morning in both age groups, and increased F in the afternoon in older men. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a time-of-day dependent uncoupling of the regulatory control of the testicular axis and of F secretion. Future studies will need to directly verify these regulatory possibilities specifically and separately in young and older men. CLINICAL TRIAL Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul Y Takahashi
- Department of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rebecca J Yang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ali Iranmanesh
- Endocrine Service, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA
| | - Johannes D Veldhuis
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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46
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The impact of prior day sleep and physical activity on the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 126:105131. [PMID: 33493753 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cortisol awakening response (CAR) describes the increase in cortisol within the first 30-60 min after waking from nocturnal sleep, and is a common biomarker used within psychoneuroendocrinology, but the effect of sleep on the CAR is currently unclear. A previous study suggested that reported discrepancies may be due to other lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity; given the role of the CAR in energy regulation and preparation for the day, it is theoretically plausible that activity level would influence the CAR. However, no study has yet utilized objective monitoring of day-to-day sleep and physical activity to investigate potential effects on the CAR. This study aimed to test the hypotheses that either sleep duration or sleep quality would interact with the prior 24 h' physical activity to predict the CAR on the following morning. Salivary samples were collected from 85 young adults (mean = 19.1 years, SD = 1.89) immediately after waking from nocturnal sleep and again 30 min after waking; two complete and consecutive days were used. Participants wore accelerometers (ActiGraph, wGT3X-BT) throughout this phase of a larger study, which provided objective measures of sleep duration, number of awakenings, and amount of physical activity. Mixed-effects models with post-hoc regions of significance decompositions tested the hypothesized interaction effects. Results demonstrated a significant interaction between prior day sleep duration and physical activity predicting the next day CAR, wherein short sleep duration and high levels of physical activity resulted in an augmented CAR. Although more sleep clearly predicted a smaller next day CAR in main effect, this study provides additional support that sleep duration effects are also moderated by prior day physical activity. Both behavioral factors should be considered when assessing the CAR and the association between the CAR other psychoneuroendocrine outcomes.
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47
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Mosavat M, Mirsanjari M, Arabiat D, Smyth A, Whitehead L. The Role of Sleep Curtailment on Leptin Levels in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Obes Facts 2021; 14:214-221. [PMID: 33756469 PMCID: PMC8138234 DOI: 10.1159/000514095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has identified sleep as a significant, but modifiable, risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived peptide and a regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, has been shown to be associated with a short sleep duration in the pathophysiology of obesity and consequently type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the current evidence indicating the effects of a short sleep duration on the regulation of leptin concentration in association with obesity and diabetes mellitus. In summary, the evidence suggests that sleep deprivation, by affecting leptin regulation, may lead to obesity and consequently development of type 2 diabetes through increased appetite and food intake. However, findings on the role of leptin in diabetes due to sleep deprivation are contradictory, and further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mosavat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia,
| | - Mitra Mirsanjari
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Diana Arabiat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
- Maternal and Child Nursing Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aisling Smyth
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
| | - Lisa Whitehead
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
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48
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Sweeney EL, Peart DJ, Ellis JG, Walshe IH. Impairments in glycaemic control do not increase linearly with repeated nights of sleep restriction in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1091-1096. [PMID: 33721507 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests reduced glycaemic control following sleep restriction in healthy individuals. However, it remains unknown if impairments in glycaemic control increase with each additional night of sleep restriction in a linear manner. This randomised crossover study aimed to determine if the impairment in glycaemic control increases with each additional night of sleep restriction. Ten healthy individuals underwent 4 nights of control sleep (8 hours in bed) and 4 nights of sleep restriction (4 hours in bed) in a sleep laboratory. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted each morning. Serum glucose and insulin were measured. Glucose and insulin area under the curve were higher overall in the sleep restriction trial compared with control (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033); however, no effect of day (p = 0.620 and p = 0.863) or interaction effect (p = 0.152 and p = 0.285) were observed. This supports previous literature showing a detrimental impact of sleep restriction on glucose regulation. The present findings, however, suggest the impairment in glycaemic control does not increase in a linear manner with an increasing number of nights of sleep restriction. This may have implications for the design of future studies examining sleep restriction and glycaemic control. Novelty: Four nights of sleep restriction impaired glycaemic control in healthy individuals, but did not do so in a linear manner. No effect of number of nights of restriction was found for glucose or insulin, which may have implications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sweeney
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Peart
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Jason G Ellis
- Northumbria Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H Walshe
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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49
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Abstract
Disordered sleep impairs neurocognitive performance, and is now recognized to cause metabolic ill-health. This review assesses the nascent relationship between insufficient, misaligned, and disrupted sleep with andrological health. High-quality cohort studies show a reduced sperm count in men with sleep disturbances. Well-designed interventional studies show a reduction in testosterone with sleep restriction. Studies of long-term shift workers show no effect of misaligned sleep on mean testosterone concentrations. Men with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and more severe hypoxemia have lower testosterone levels, although it is unknown if this relationship is entirely explained by concomitant obesity, or is reversible. Nevertheless, erectile dysfunction, which is common in men with OSA, is clinically improved when OSA is properly treated. Few studies manipulating sleep have been performed in older men, in whom the accumulation of sleep disturbances over decades of life may contribute to age-related illnesses. Improving sleep could ameliorate the development of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A O'Byrne
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Fiona Yuen
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Warda Niaz
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Peter Y Liu
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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50
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Bunjo LJ, Reynolds AC, Appleton SL, Dorrian J, Vetter C, Gill TK, Adams RJ. Sleep Duration Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived Work-Life Interference and Depressive Symptoms in Australian Men and Women from the North West Adelaide Health Study. Int J Behav Med 2021; 28:29-38. [PMID: 32096098 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health disorders are prevalent and costly to workplaces and individuals in Australia. Work-life interference is thought to contribute negatively. The interplay between work-life interference, depressive symptoms and sleep has not been explored to date in population data. The aims of this study were to establish whether sleep duration moderates the relationship between work-life interference and depressive symptoms, and whether this is expressed differentially in male and female respondents. METHODS Data were drawn from the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS) longitudinal, representative population-based cohort study. Working members of the cohort were invited to participate in a telephone survey about their work conditions, with an 86.7% response rate achieved. Data from 823 respondents were analysed after employing purposeful selection of covariates, using multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Sleep duration was found to moderate the relationship between work-life interference and depressive symptoms (F7,815 = 26.60, p < 0.001), and accounted for 19% of the variance observed in depressive symptoms. The strongest effect of work-life interference on depressive symptoms was observed in habitual short sleepers, with the effect weakening as sleep duration increased. The relationship was observed in male and female respondents, but was stronger in females. CONCLUSIONS Supporting and educating workers about the benefits of sleep for managing the relationship between work-life interference and depressive symptoms may offer a novel strategy for improving worker well-being, particularly when negative facets of work-life interference are not easily remedied or 'reduced'. There is a need for education and support strategies around sleep in Australian workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla J Bunjo
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- The Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Sarah L Appleton
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.,The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, University of Adelaide, Woodville, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia.,Freemason's Centre for Men's Health, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jill Dorrian
- Behaviour, Brain and Body (BBB) Research Group, Division of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tiffany K Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert J Adams
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.,The Health Observatory, Discipline of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campus, University of Adelaide, Woodville, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia
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