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Yang L, Sun J, Zhang Y, Guo X, Zhao G. Comprehensive comparative analysis of histopathology and gene expression in subchondral bone between kashin-beck disease and primary osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2022; 13:942326. [PMID: 35923709 PMCID: PMC9339956 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic, degenerative osteoarthropathy that exhibits some similar characteristics to osteoarthritis (OA) but with different etiologies and pathogeneses. In addition to cartilage damage, microstructural changes of bone were observed in KBD. This study aimed to comparatively demonstrate the general histopathological changes, transcriptomics, and differentially expressed miRNAs of subchondral bone between KBD and OA. Tibial plateau subchondral bone samples were collected from eighteen patients with KBD and eighteen patients with OA. Histopathological changes were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, safranin O-fast green staining, and picrosirius red staining. RNA sequencing and miRNA array analysis were performed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), respectively. The subchondral bone samples of the tibial plateau of KBD and OA both showed increased thickness and sclerosis. A total of 179 DEGs and 124 DEMs were identified in subchondral bone between KBD and OA, which were involved in several vital GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways. Our results suggest that the pathological mechanisms of subchondral bone are different between KBD and OA, although they exhibit similar histopathological features. Integrated analysis revealed several genes such as ADAMTS14, SLC13A5, and CEACAM1, that may be crucial DEGs in subchondral bone between KBD and OA, suggesting that these genes could serve as potential differential diagnostic biomarkers for subchondral bone lesions in KBD and OA. These findings provide valuable information for further clarifying pathological changes in subchondral bone in KBD and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Zhao,
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Veryaskina YA, Titov SE, Ivanov MK, Ruzankin PS, Tarasenko AS, Shevchenko SP, Kovynev IB, Stupak EV, Pospelova TI, Zhimulev IF. Selection of reference genes for quantitative analysis of microRNA expression in three different types of cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0254304. [PMID: 35176014 PMCID: PMC8853544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers in cancer research. Quantitative PCR (qPCR), also known as real-time PCR, is the most frequently used technique for measuring miRNA expression levels. The use of this technique, however, requires that expression data be normalized against reference genes. The problem is that a universal internal control for quantitative analysis of miRNA expression by qPCR has yet to be known. The aim of this work was to find the miRNAs with stable expression in the thyroid gland, brain and bone marrow according to NanoString nCounter miRNA quantification data. As a results, the most stably expressed miRNAs were as follows: miR-361-3p, -151a-3p and -29b-3p in the thyroid gland; miR-15a-5p, -194-5p and -532-5p in the brain; miR-140-5p, -148b-3p and -362-5p in bone marrow; and miR-423-5p, -28-5p and -532-5p, no matter what tissue type. These miRNAs represent promising reference genes for miRNA quantification by qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A. Veryaskina
- Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of the Structure and Function of Chromosomes, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sergei E. Titov
- Department of the Structure and Function of Chromosomes, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- AO Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Pavel S. Ruzankin
- Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton S. Tarasenko
- Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Igor B. Kovynev
- Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenij V. Stupak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ya.L. Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Pospelova
- Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor F. Zhimulev
- Department of the Structure and Function of Chromosomes, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ghodousi ES, Rahgozar S. Recovery of MicroRNA from Stored Bone Marrow Aspirate Slides. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2019; 11:24-27. [PMID: 30800239 PMCID: PMC6359693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Archived bone marrow aspirate slides are almost infinite, readily available resource of biospecimens that enable retrospective molecular investigations of diseases. RNAs obtained from slides has limitations in utility because of their low quality and highly fragmented nature. MicroRNAs are small (<22 nt) noncoding RNAs with various cellular regulatory roles. Due to their small size, microRNAs are less prone to degradation and modification, therefore, can be preserved well in archived tissues. METHODS The current study investigated the efficacy of archived bone marrow aspirate slides for miRNA expression analysis in pediatric leukemia. Total RNA was isolated from air-dried unstained archived slides using High pure miRNA isolation Kit with some modifications and from fresh samples using TRizol. After cDNA synthesis, RT-qPCR was then carried out using specific hsa-miR-326 LNA primers. Finally, statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism 6 software. RESULTS The difference observed in miRNA expression due to disease state was far greater than the differences between archived slides and their matching fresh bone marrow specimens. In fact, the expression of archival slide smears for the miR-326 closely mimicked that of fresh-frozen tissues (0.035±0.04 vs. 0.03±0.04) (Mean±SD, p>0.05). Differential expression of hsa-miR-326 was detected between leukemic and non-leukemic samples from archived slides or fresh frozen bone marrows. CONCLUSION The demonstration that archived bone marrow aspirate slides can be utilized for miRNA expression studies offers tremendous potential for future investigations into the role that miRNAs play in the development and long term outcome of hematologic, as well as non-hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Corresponding author: Soheila Rahgozar, Ph.D., Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, Tel: +98 31 37932455, Fax: +98 31 37932456, E-mail:
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Stein EV, Duewer DL, Farkas N, Romsos EL, Wang L, Cole KD. Steps to achieve quantitative measurements of microRNA using two step droplet digital PCR. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188085. [PMID: 29145448 PMCID: PMC5690473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is being advocated as a reference method to measure rare genomic targets. It has consistently been proven to be more sensitive and direct at discerning copy numbers of DNA than other quantitative methods. However, one of the largest obstacles to measuring microRNA (miRNA) using ddPCR is that reverse transcription efficiency depends upon the target, meaning small RNA nucleotide composition directly effects primer specificity in a manner that prevents traditional quantitation optimization strategies. Additionally, the use of reagents that are optimized for miRNA measurements using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) appear to either cause false positive or false negative detection of certain targets when used with traditional ddPCR quantification methods. False readings are often related to using inadequate enzymes, primers and probes. Given that two-step miRNA quantification using ddPCR relies solely on reverse transcription and uses proprietary reagents previously optimized only for qRT-PCR, these barriers are substantial. Therefore, here we outline essential controls, optimization techniques, and an efficacy model to improve the quality of ddPCR miRNA measurements. We have applied two-step principles used for miRNA qRT-PCR measurements and leveraged the use of synthetic miRNA targets to evaluate ddPCR following cDNA synthesis with four different commercial kits. We have identified inefficiencies and limitations as well as proposed ways to circumvent identified obstacles. Lastly, we show that we can apply these criteria to a model system to confidently quantify miRNA copy number. Our measurement technique is a novel way to quantify specific miRNA copy number in a single sample, without using standard curves for individual experiments. Our methodology can be used for validation and control measurements, as well as a diagnostic technique that allows scientists, technicians, clinicians, and regulators to base miRNA measures on a single unit of measurement rather than a ratio of values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica V. Stein
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David L. Duewer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Natalia Farkas
- Engineering Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erica L. Romsos
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lili Wang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Cole
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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Morenos L, Chatterton Z, Ng JL, Halemba MS, Parkinson-Bates M, Mechinaud F, Elwood N, Saffery R, Wong NC. Hypermethylation and down-regulation of DLEU2 in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia independent of embedded tumour suppressor miR-15a/16-1. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:123. [PMID: 24885794 PMCID: PMC4050407 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Studies in adult AML have identified epigenetic changes, specifically DNA methylation, associated with leukaemia subtype, age of onset and patient survival which highlights this heterogeneity. However, only limited DNA methylation studies have elucidated any associations in paediatric AML. Methods We interrogated DNA methylation on a cohort of paediatric AML FAB subtype M5 patients using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 (HM450) BeadChip, identifying a number of target genes with p <0.01 and Δβ >0.4 between leukaemic and matched remission (n = 20 primary leukaemic, n = 13 matched remission). Amongst those genes identified, we interrogate DLEU2 methylation using locus-specific SEQUENOM MassARRAY® EpiTYPER® and an increased validation cohort (n = 28 primary leukaemic, n = 14 matched remission, n = 17 additional non-leukaemic and cell lines). Following methylation analysis, expression studies were undertaken utilising the same patient samples for singleplex TaqMan gene and miRNA assays and relative expression comparisons. Results We identified differential DNA methylation at the DLEU2 locus, encompassing the tumour suppressor microRNA miR-15a/16-1 cluster. A number of HM450 probes spanning the DLEU2/Alt1 Transcriptional Start Site showed increased levels of methylation in leukaemia (average over all probes >60%) compared to disease-free haematopoietic cells and patient remission samples (<24%) (p < 0.001). Interestingly, DLEU2 mRNA down-regulation in leukaemic patients (p < 0.05) was independent of the embedded mature miR-15a/16-1 expression. To assess prognostic significance of DLEU2 DNA methylation, we stratified paediatric AML patients by their methylation status. A subset of patients recorded methylation values for DLEU2 akin to non-leukaemic specimens, specifically patients with sole trisomy 8 and/or chromosome 11 abnormalities. These patients also showed similar miR-15a/16-1 expression to non-leukaemic samples, and potential improved disease prognosis. Conclusions The DLEU2 locus and embedded miRNA cluster miR-15a/16-1 is commonly deleted in adult cancers and shown to induce leukaemogenesis, however in paediatric AML we found the region to be transcriptionally repressed. In combination, our data highlights the utility of interrogating DNA methylation and microRNA in combination with underlying genetic status to provide novel insights into AML biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Morenos
- Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent revolutionary advances made in genome-wide sequencing technology have transformed biology and molecular diagnostics, allowing new sRNA (small RNA) classes to be discovered as potential disease-specific biological indicators. Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to exist stably in a wide spectrum of body fluids and their expression profiles have been shown to reflect an assortment of physiological conditions, underscoring the utility of this new class of molecules to function as noninvasive biomarkers of disease. CONTENT We summarize information on the known mechanisms of miRNA protection and release into extracellular space and compile the current literature on extracellular miRNAs that have been investigated as biomarkers of 20 different cancers, 11 organ damage conditions and 10 diverse disease states. We also discuss the various strategies involved in the miRNA biomarker discovery workflow and provide a critical opinion on the impediments faced by this advancing field that need to be overcome in the laboratory. SUMMARY The field of miRNA-centered diagnostics is still in its infancy, and basic questions with regard to the exact role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of diseases, and the mechanisms of their release from affected cells into biological fluids are yet to be completely understood. Nevertheless, these noninvasive micromarkers have immense potential in translational medicine not only for use in monitoring the efficacy and safety of therapeutic regimens but also to guide the diagnosis of diseases, to determine the risk of developing diseases or conditions, and more importantly, to inform treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Saikumar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Krithika Ramachandran
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Ahmad N, Haider S, Jagannathan S, Anaissie E, Driscoll JJ. MicroRNA theragnostics for the clinical management of multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2013; 28:732-8. [PMID: 24714346 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Theragnostics represent cutting-edge, multi-disciplinary strategies that combine diagnostics with therapeutics in order to generate personalized therapies that improve patient outcome. In oncology, the approach is aimed at more accurate diagnosis of cancer, optimization of patient selection to identify those most likely to benefit from a specific therapy and to generate effective therapeutics that enhance patient survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of the human genome that orchestrate myriad cellular pathways to control growth during physiologic and pathologic conditions. Compelling evidence shows that miRNA deregulation promotes events linked to tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance as seen in multiple myeloma (MM), an invariably fatal hematologic malignancy. miRNAs are readily detected in body fluids, for example, serum, plasma, urine, as well as circulating tumor cells to demonstrate their potential as readily accessible, non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutics. Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed early in myelomagenesis and may more readily detect high-risk disease than current methods. Although only recently discovered miRNAs have rapidly advanced from preclinical studies to evaluation in human clinical trials. The development of miRNA theragnostics should provide widely applicable tools for the targeted delivery of personalized medicines to improve the outcome of patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Jagannathan
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E Anaissie
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J J Driscoll
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [3] The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [4] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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A comparison of miRNA isolation and RT-qPCR technologies and their effects on quantification accuracy and repeatability. Biotechniques 2013; 54:155-64. [PMID: 23477383 DOI: 10.2144/000114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~22 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. As the miRNA field is still in its relative infancy, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding optimal methodologies for miRNA quantification, data analysis and data standardization. To investigate miRNA measurement we selected a panel of both synthetic miRNA spikes and endogenous miRNAs to evaluate assay performance, copy number estimation, and relative quantification. We compared two different miRNA quantification methodologies and also assessed the impact of short RNA enrichment on the miRNA measurement. We found that both short RNA enrichment and quantification strategy used had a significant impact on miRNA measurement. Our findings illustrate that miRNA quantification can be influenced by the choice of methodology and this must be considered when interpreting miRNA analyses. Furthermore, we show that synthetic miRNA spikes can be used as effective experimental controls for the short RNA enrichment procedure.
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