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Atalay Ekiner S, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Inflammasome activity regulation by PUFA metabolites. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1452749. [PMID: 39290706 PMCID: PMC11405227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the accompanying chronic inflammation constitute an important metabolic problem that may lead to pathology, especially when the body is exposed to physicochemical and biological factors, including UV radiation, pathogens, drugs, as well as endogenous metabolic disorders. The cellular response is associated, among others, with changes in lipid metabolism, mainly due to the oxidation and the action of lipolytic enzymes. Products of oxidative fragmentation/cyclization of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) [4-HNE, MDA, 8-isoprostanes, neuroprostanes] and eicosanoids generated as a result of the enzymatic metabolism of PUFAs significantly modify cellular metabolism, including inflammation and the functioning of the immune system by interfering with intracellular molecular signaling. The key regulators of inflammation, the effectiveness of which can be regulated by interacting with the products of lipid metabolism under oxidative stress, are inflammasome complexes. An example is both negative or positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity by 4-HNE depending on the severity of oxidative stress. 4-HNE modifies NLRP3 activity by both direct interaction with NLRP3 and alteration of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2 is known to be positively correlated with both NLRP3 and NLRC4 activity, while its potential interference with AIM2 or NLRP1 activity is unproven. Therefore, the influence of PUFA metabolites on the activity of well-characterized inflammasome complexes is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Xie B, Li J, Lou Y, Chen Q, Yang Y, Zhang R, Liu Z, He L, Cheng Y. Reprogramming macrophage metabolism following myocardial infarction: A neglected piece of a therapeutic opportunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113019. [PMID: 39217876 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Given the global prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) as the leading cause of mortality, there is an urgent need to devise novel strategies that target reducing infarct size, accelerating cardiac tissue repair, and preventing detrimental left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Macrophages, as a predominant type of innate immune cells, undergo metabolic reprogramming following MI, resulting in alterations in function and phenotype that significantly impact the progression of MI size and LV remodeling. This article aimed to delineate the characteristics of macrophage metabolites during reprogramming in MI and elucidate their targets and functions in cardioprotection. Furthermore, we summarize the currently proposed regulatory mechanisms of macrophage metabolic reprogramming and identify the regulators derived from endogenous products and natural small molecules. Finally, we discussed the challenges of macrophage metabolic reprogramming in the treatment of MI, with the goal of inspiring further fundamental and clinical research into reprogramming macrophage metabolism and validating its potential therapeutic targets for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiahua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Yanmei Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China.
| | - Liu He
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China.
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Hutchinson AL, Liddle DM, Monk JM, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Macrophage-Myocyte Inflammatory Crosstalk and Improve Myocyte Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2086. [PMID: 38999834 PMCID: PMC11243049 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In obesity, circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and inflammatory cytokines interfere with skeletal muscle insulin signaling, leading to whole body insulin resistance. Further, obese skeletal muscle is characterized by macrophage infiltration and polarization to the inflammatory M1 phenotype, which is central to the development of local inflammation and insulin resistance. While skeletal muscle-infiltrated macrophage-myocyte crosstalk is exacerbated by SFA, the effects of other fatty acids, such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are less studied. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on macrophage M1 polarization and subsequent effects on myocyte inflammation and metabolic function compared to SFA. Using an in vitro model recapitulating obese skeletal muscle cells, differentiated L6 myocytes were cultured for 24 h with RAW 264.7 macrophage-conditioned media (MCM), followed by insulin stimulation (100 nM, 20 min). MCM was generated by pre-treating macrophages for 24 h with 100 μM palmitic acid (16:0, PA-control), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA), or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). Next, macrophage cultures were stimulated with a physiological dose (10 ng/mL) of lipopolysaccharide for an additional 12 h to mimic in vivo obese endotoxin levels. Compared to PA, both AA and DHA reduced mRNA expression and/or secreted protein levels of markers for M1 (TNFα, IL-6, iNOS; p < 0.05) and increased those for M2 (IL-10, TGF-β; p < 0.05) macrophage polarization. In turn, AA- and DHA-derived MCM reduced L6 myocyte-secreted cytokines (TNFα, IL-6; p < 0.05) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1β; p < 0.05). Only AA-derived MCM increased L6-myocyte phosphorylation of Akt (p < 0.05), yet this was inconsistent with improved insulin signaling, as only DHA-derived MCM improved L6 myocyte glucose uptake (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs may be a useful strategy to modulate macrophage-myocyte inflammatory crosstalk and improve myocyte insulin sensitivity in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lindsay E. Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada (J.M.M.); (D.W.L.M.)
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Engin AB. Mechanism of Obesity-Related Lipotoxicity and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:131-166. [PMID: 39287851 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The link between cellular exposure to fatty acid species and toxicity phenotypes remains poorly understood. However, structural characterization and functional profiling of human plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) analysis has revealed that FFAs are located either in the toxic cluster or in the cluster that is transcriptionally responsive to lipotoxic stress and creates genetic risk factors. Genome-wide short hairpin RNA screen has identified more than 350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obese adipose are both unable to expand further to store excess lipids in the diet and are resistant to the antilipolytic action of insulin. In addition to lipolysis, the inability of packaging the excess lipids into lipid droplets causes circulating fatty acids to reach toxic levels in non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of accumulated lipid in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. Although triglycerides serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acid and their products such as ceramide and diacylglycerols (DAGs), overloading of palmitic acid fraction of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) raises ceramide levels. The excess DAG and ceramide load create harmful effects on multiple organs and systems, inducing chronic inflammation in obesity. Thus, lipotoxic inflammation results in β cells death and pancreatic islets dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 signaling in adipocytes. However, palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy axis in hypertrophic adipocytes is a pro-survival mechanism against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by SFAs. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) enzymes are mediators of lipotoxicity, and inhibiting these enzymes has therapeutic potential for lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity increases the number of autophagosomes, which engulf palmitic acid, and thus suppress the autophagic turnover. Fatty acid desaturation promotes palmitate detoxification and storages into triglycerides. As therapeutic targets of glucolipotoxicity, in addition to caloric restriction and exercise, there are four different pharmacological approaches, which consist of metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligands thiazolidinediones, and chaperones are still used in clinical practice. Furthermore, induction of the brown fat-like phenotype with the mixture of eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid appears as a potential therapeutic application for treatment of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
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Engin A. Protein Kinases in Obesity, and the Kinase-Targeted Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:199-229. [PMID: 39287853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases is essential for multiple physiological responses. Each protein kinase displays its own unique substrate specificity and a regulatory mechanism that may be modulated by association with other proteins. Protein kinases are classified as dual-specificity kinases and dual-specificity phosphatases. Dual-specificity phosphatases are important signal transduction enzymes that regulate various cellular processes in coordination with protein kinases and play an important role in obesity. Impairment of insulin signaling in obesity is largely mediated by the activation of the inhibitor of kappa B-kinase beta and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activate the JNK pathway which suppresses insulin biosynthesis. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are important for proper regulation of glucose metabolism in mammals at both the hormonal and cellular levels. Additionally, obesity-activated calcium/calmodulin dependent-protein kinase II/p38 suppresses insulin-induced protein kinase B phosphorylation by activating the ER stress effector, activating transcription factor-4. To alleviate lipotoxicity and insulin resistance, promising targets are pharmacologically inhibited. Nifedipine, calcium channel blocker, stimulates lipogenesis and adipogenesis by downregulating AMPK and upregulating mTOR, which thereby enhances lipid storage. Contrary to the nifedipine, metformin activates AMPK, increases fatty acid oxidation, suppresses fatty acid synthesis and deposition, and thus alleviates lipotoxicity. Obese adults with vascular endothelial dysfunction have greater endothelial cells activation of unfolded protein response stress sensors, RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor-6. The transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis in obesity is influenced by AGC (protein kinase A (PKA), PKG, PKC) family signaling kinases. Obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress and increase reactive oxygen species in adipocytes. An increase in intracellular oxidative stress can promote PKC-β activation. Activated PKC-β induces growth factor adapter Shc phosphorylation. Shc-generated peroxides reduce mitochondrial oxygen consumption and enhance triglyceride accumulation and lipotoxicity. Liraglutide attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation. Co-treatment of antiobesity and antidiabetic herbal compound, berberine with antipsychotic drug olanzapine decreases the accumulation of triglyceride. While low-dose rapamycin, metformin, amlexanox, thiazolidinediones, and saroglitazar protect against insulin resistance, glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide inhibits palmitate-induced inflammation by suppressing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and protects against lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Zhou Y, Wang T, Fan H, Liu S, Teng X, Shao L, Shen Z. Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Metabolism. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102040. [PMID: 37595858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm and dissection are complicated diseases having both high prevalence and mortality. It is usually diagnosed at advanced stages and posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the limitations of current detecting methods for aortic dissection used in clinics. Metabonomics demonstrated its great potential capability in the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of several diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic disorders including amino acid metabolism, glycometabolism, and lipid metabolism disturbance are involved in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm and dissection by affecting multiple functional aortic cells. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights into the metabolism alterations and their related regulatory mechanisms with a focus on recent advances and findings and provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis, prevention, and drug development for aortic aneurysm and dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Keizer HG, Brands R, Seinen W. An AMP Kinase-pathway dependent integrated stress response regulates ageing and longevity. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3. [PMID: 36877293 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of the AMP-kinase pathway (AMPK pathway) in the induction of a concomitant set of health benefits by exercise, numerous drugs, and health ingredients, all of which are adversely affected by ageing. Despite the AMPK pathway being frequently mentioned in relation to both these health effects and ageing, it appears challenging to understand how the activation of a single biochemical pathway by various treatments can produce such a diverse range of concurrent health benefits, involving so many organs. We discovered that the AMPK pathway functions as an integrated stress response system because of the presence of a feedback loop in it. This evolutionary conserved stress response system detects changes in AMP/ATP and NAD/NADH ratios, as well as the presence of potential toxins, and responds by activating a common protective transcriptional response that protects against aging and promotes longevity. The inactivation of the AMPK pathway with age most likely explains why ageing has a negative impact on the above-mentioned set of health benefits. We conclude that the presence of a feedback loop in the AMP-kinase pathway positions this pathway as an AMPK-ISR (AMP Kinase-dependent integrated stress response) system that responds to almost any type of (moderate) environmental stress by inducing various age-related health benefits and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Keizer
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R Brands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Seinen
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cho C, Aliwarga T, Wiley AM, Totah RA. Cardioprotective mechanisms of cytochrome P450 derived oxylipins from ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:201-227. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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The Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain Containing Protein 7 Regulates Macrophage Classical Activation through SIRT1/NF-κB and p38 MAPK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314983. [PMID: 36499308 PMCID: PMC9739533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a bioactive lipid that modulates macrophage polarization during immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7) is a lysophospholipase with a preference for LPC. However, the role of PNPLA7 in macrophage polarization as an LPC hydrolase has not been explored. In the current study, we found that PNPLA7 is highly expressed in naïve macrophages and downregulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced polarization towards the classically activated (M1) phenotype. Consistently, overexpression of PNPLA7 suppressed the expression of proinflammatory M1 marker genes, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), whereas knockdown of PNPLA7 augmented the inflammatory gene expression in LPS-challenged macrophages. PNPLA7 overexpression and knockdown increased and decreased Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) mRNA and protein levels, respectively, and affected the acetylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit, a key transcription factor in M1 polarization. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were suppressed and enhanced by PNPLA7 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that PNPLA7 suppresses M1 polarization of LPS-challenged macrophages by modulating SIRT1/NF-κB- and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways.
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Jiao J. The relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and telomere: A review on proposed nutritional treatment against metabolic syndrome and potential signaling pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4457-4476. [PMID: 36330807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities composed of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, glucose disturbances, hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia, has increasingly become a public health problem in the 21st century worldwide. The dysfunction of telomeres, the repetitive DNA with highly conserved sequences (5'-TTAGGG-3'), is remarkably correlated with organismal aging, even suggesting a causal relationship with metabolic disorders. The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple disorders are associated with telomere length in evidence, which have recently drawn wide attention. However, functional targets and pathways for the associations of n-3 PUFAs and telomere with MetS remain scare. Few studies have summarized the role of n-3 PUFAs in DNA damage repair pathways, anti-inflammatory pathways, and redox balance, linking with telomere biology, and other potential telomere-related signaling pathways. This review aims to (i) elucidate how n-3 PUFAs ameliorate telomere attrition in the context of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation; (ii) unravel the role of n-3 PUFAs in modulating telomere-related neuron dysfunction and regulating the neuro-endocrine-immunological network in MetS; (iii) epidemiologically implicate the associations of metabolic disorders and n-3 PUFAs with telomere length; and (iv) suggest promising biochemical approaches and advancing methodologies to overcome the inter-variation problem helpful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Comparative Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Content in Mother's Milk of Term and Preterm Mothers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214595. [PMID: 36364856 PMCID: PMC9654769 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Study: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an essential role in infants’ development. Maternal diet and breastmilk are the primary DHA sources for newborns. This single-center observational study aimed to compare the DHA content in mother’s milk of preterm mothers with that of term ones, and to investigate the changes in mother’s milk DHA content according to the week of the gestational age. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was submitted to each mother to estimate the DHA intake during the last trimester of pregnancy, and the mother’s milk was collected between 24 and 96 h post-partum. Results: Women who gave birth prematurely showed a lower content of mother’s milk DHA than the term ones (0.51; IQR 0.38−0.6% FA vs. 0.71; IQR 0.52−0.95% FA; p = 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression analyses, for each additional week of gestational age, there was an increase in DHA content in the mother’s milk (0.046% FA; CI 95% 0.018−0.074; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that breast milk may not be sufficient to fully satisfy the recommended DHA intake in preterm infants. This study may represent a starting point to investigate new possible DHA supplementation strategies, especially for the late and moderate preterm infants.
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Gao T, Chen S, Han Y, Zhang D, Tan Y, He Y, Liu M. Ameliorating Inflammation in Insulin-resistant Rat Adipose Tissue with Abdominal Massage Regulates SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:579-589. [PMID: 35907080 PMCID: PMC9388453 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of this study to determine whether abdominal massage reverses high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance compared with RSV treatment. A total of sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly placed in one of four groups:the non-fat diet (NFD), the high-fat diet (HFD), the HFD with abdominal massage (HFD+ AM), and the HFD plus resveratrol (HFD+ RSV). For eight weeks, rats were fed high-fat diets to create insulin resistance, followed by six weeks of either AM or RSV. Molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis and cytokine production in rats with high-fat diets were investigated. The model rat adipose tissue showed significant improvements in obesity, glucose intolerance, and the accumulation of lipid in the body [the total cholesterol level (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], metabolic effects of glucose [The fasting blood glucose (FBG), Fasting insulin levels (FINS)], inflammatory status [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP)], and macrophage polarization after AM or RSV treatment. Further, AM increased SIRT1/NF-κB signaling in rat adipose tissue. Accordingly, in rat adipose tissue, our results indicate that AM regulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, blood sugar levels, and related signaling pathways, contributing to improvement of IR, which may serves as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment for IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Gao
- Departments of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China
| | - Shaotao Chen
- Departments of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China
| | - Yiran Han
- Departments of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Departments of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China
| | - Yi Tan
- Departments of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China
| | - Yutao He
- Departments of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Departments of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, PR China.
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Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Chai XX, Zhou J, Shi MJ, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Wang XM, Ying TX, Feng Q, Sheng J, Luo C. Chronic exposure to low-dose cadmium facilitated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by suppressing fatty acid desaturation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113306. [PMID: 35183812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal, is epidemiologically linked to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. However, the role of Cd in NASH remains to be fully elucidated. This study employed a novel murine NASH model to investigate the effects of chronic low-dose Cd on hepatic pathology and its underlying mechanisms. NASH is characterized by lipid accumulation, extensive cell death, and persistent inflammation in the liver. We found that treatment with Cd in drinking water (10 mg/L) for 6 or 12 weeks significantly boosted hepatic fat deposition, increased hepatocyte destruction, and amplified inflammatory responses in mice, confirming that low-dose Cd can facilitate NASH development in vivo. Mechanistically, chronic Cd exposure reshaped the hepatic transcriptional landscape, with PPAR-mediated fatty acid metabolic pathways being the most significantly altered. In particular, Cd repressed fatty acid desaturation, leading to the accumulation of saturated fatty acids whose lipotoxicity exacerbated cell death and, consequently, inflammatory activation. In summary, we validated the causal effects of chronic low-dose Cd on NASH in vivo and identified the fatty acid desaturation program as a novel target for Cd to instigate hepatopathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Chai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jie Shi
- MD-PhD Program, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youjia Tian
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Meng Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xing Ying
- MD-PhD Program, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Surgical Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Feng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Luo
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Du L, Hao YM, Yang YH, Zheng Y, Wu ZJ, Zhou MQ, Wang BZ, Wang YM, Wu H, Su GH. DHA-Enriched Phospholipids and EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice via a Sirtuin 1-Dependent Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2911-2922. [PMID: 35174699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction has emerged as a potential contributor to the development of several severe diseases. Herein, the effect and underlying mechanism of DHA-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and EPA-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) on protecting against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier injury were elucidated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 1% DHA-PL or EPA-PL for 4 weeks and then were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) to cause intestinal barrier injury. The results manifested that DHA-PL and EPA-PL pretreatment balanced apoptosis and autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and maintained intestinal tight junction integrity. Our findings also demonstrated that cotreatment with EX-527, a sirtuin 1 specific inhibitor, hindered the role of DHA-PL and EPA-PL against LPS-evoked intestinal barrier injury through reversing the inhibitory action of them on NF-κB and MAPKs activation as well as their potentiating actions on Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Overall, DHA-PL and EPA-PL alleviated LPS-mediated intestinal barrier injury via inactivation of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways as well as activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway via up-regulating sirtuin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu-Hong Yang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Zi-Jian Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Meng-Qing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guo-Hai Su
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
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15
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Boyer BB, Hopkins SE, Wiener HW, Purnell JQ, O'Brien DM, Zhang CX, Aslan JE, Aliwarga T, Pomeroy JJ, Thummel KE, Tiwari HK. Habitual Intake of Marine-Derived n-3 PUFAs is Inversely Associated with a Cardiometabolic Inflammatory Profile in Yup'ik Alaska Native People. J Nutr 2022; 152:844-855. [PMID: 34871429 PMCID: PMC8891177 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between dietary n-3 PUFAs and the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, is unresolved. Examination of the association between n-3 PUFAs and chronic low-grade inflammation in a population where many individuals have had an extremely high intake of marine mammals and fish throughout their lifespan may provide important clues regarding the impact of n-3 PUFAs on health. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore associations between concentrations of n-3 PUFAs resulting from habitual intake of natural food sources high in fish and marine mammals with immune biomarkers of metabolic inflammation and parameters of glucose regulation. METHODS A total of 569 Yup'ik Alaska Native adults (18-87 years old) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study between December 2016 and November 2019. The RBC nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR; 15N/14N) was used as a validated measure of n-3 PUFA intake to select 165 participant samples from the first and fourth quartiles of n-3 PUFA intakes. Outcomes included 38 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and 8 measures of glucose homeostasis associated with type 2 diabetes risks. These outcomes were evaluated for their associations with direct measurements of EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid in RBCs. ANALYSIS Linear regression was used to detect significant relationships with cytokines and n-3 PUFAs, adiposity, and glucose-related variables. RESULTS The DHA concentration in RBC membranes was inversely associated with IL-6 (β = -0.0066; P < 0.001); EPA was inversely associated with TNFα (β = -0.4925; P < 0.001); and the NIR was inversely associated with Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (β = -0.8345; P < 0.001) and IL-10 (β = -1.2868; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Habitual intake of marine mammals and fish rich in n-3 PUFAs in this study population of Yup'ik Alaska Native adults is associated with reduced systemic inflammation, which may contribute to the low prevalence of diseases in which inflammation plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert B Boyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Howard W Wiener
- Department of Statistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan Q Purnell
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Cindy X Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Theresa Aliwarga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy J Pomeroy
- Clinical Research Center, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Statistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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16
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Jensen KN, Heijink M, Giera M, Freysdottir J, Hardardottir I. Dietary Fish Oil Increases the Number of CD11b+CD27− NK Cells at the Inflammatory Site and Enhances Key Hallmarks of Resolution of Murine Antigen-Induced Peritonitis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:311-324. [PMID: 35058705 PMCID: PMC8765547 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s342399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells and resolution responses in antigen-induced peritonitis in mice. Methods Mice were fed fish oil-enriched or control diets, immunized twice and challenged intraperitoneally with methylated bovine serum albumin. Prior to and at different time-points following inflammation induction, expression of surface molecules on peritoneal cells was determined by flow cytometry, concentration of soluble mediators in peritoneal fluid by ELISA or Luminex, and of lipid mediators by LC-MS/MS, and number of apoptotic cells in mesenteric lymph nodes by TUNEL staining. Results Mice fed the fish oil diet had higher number of CD11b+CD27− NK cells as well as a higher proportion of CD107a+ NK cells in their peritoneum 6 h after inflammation induction than mice fed the control diet. They also had higher numbers of CCR5+ NK cells and higher concentrations of CCL5 and CXCL12. Additionally, a higher fraction of apoptotic neutrophils but lower fraction of CD47+ neutrophils were present in the peritoneum of mice fed the fish oil diet 6 h after inflammation induction and the fish oil fed mice had a shorter resolution interval. They also had lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators but higher concentrations of the anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution mediators TGF-β, IGF-1, and soluble TNF RII, as well as higher ratios of hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE) to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) than mice fed the control diet. Conclusion The results demonstrate that dietary fish oil increases the number of mature NK cells at the inflamed site in antigen-induced peritonitis and enhances several key hallmarks of resolution of inflammation, casting light on the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Nolling Jensen
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marieke Heijink
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingibjorg Hardardottir
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: Ingibjorg Hardardottir Tel +354 525 4885 Email
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17
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Xu L, Liu W, Bai F, Xu Y, Liang X, Ma C, Gao L. Hepatic Macrophage as a Key Player in Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708978. [PMID: 34956171 PMCID: PMC8696173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease, characterized by excessive inflammation and lipid deposition, is becoming one of the most prevalent liver metabolic diseases worldwide owing to the increasing global incidence of obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of fatty liver disease are poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that hepatic macrophages, specifically Kupffer cells (KCs), act as key players in the progression of fatty liver disease. Thus, it is essential to examine the current evidence of the roles of hepatic macrophages (both KCs and monocyte-derived macrophages). In this review, we primarily address the heterogeneities and multiple patterns of hepatic macrophages participating in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NLRP3 inflammasome, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, metabolic reprogramming, interaction with surrounding cells in the liver, and iron poisoning. A better understanding of the diverse roles of hepatic macrophages in the development of fatty liver disease may provide a more specific and promising macrophage-targeting therapeutic strategy for inflammatory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Laboratory, Yueyang Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Tosta E. The seven constitutive respiratory defense barriers against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e04612021. [PMID: 34932765 PMCID: PMC8687496 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0461-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Before eliciting an adaptive immune response, SARS-CoV-2 must overcome seven constitutive respiratory defense barriers. The first is the mucus covering the respiratory tract's luminal surface, which entraps inhaled particles, including infectious agents, and eliminates them by mucociliary clearance. The second barrier comprises various components present in the airway lining fluid, the surfactants. Besides providing low surface tension that allows efficient gas exchange at the alveoli, surfactants inhibit the invasion of epithelial cells by respiratory viruses, enhance pathogen uptake by phagocytes, and regulate immune cells' functions. The respiratory tract microbiota constitutes the third defense barrier against SARS-CoV-2. It activates the innate and adaptive immune cells and elicits anti-infectious molecules such as secretory IgA antibodies, defensins, and interferons. The fourth defense barrier comprises the antimicrobial peptides defensins, and lactoferrin. They show direct antiviral activity, inhibit viral fusion, and modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses. Secretory IgA antibodies, the fifth defense barrier, besides protecting the local microbiota against noxious agents, also inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell invasion. If the virus overcomes this barrier, it reaches its target, the respiratory epithelial cells. However, these cells also act as a defense barrier, the sixth one, since they hinder the virus' access to receptors and produce antiviral and immunomodulatory molecules such as interferons, lactoferrin, and defensins. Finally, the sensing of the virus by the cells of innate immunity, the last constitutive defense barrier, elicits a cascade of signals that activate adaptive immune cells and may inhibit the development of productive infection. The subject of the present essay is discussing these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Tosta
- Professor Emeritus, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF , Brasil
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19
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Mendes NP, Ribeiro PVM, Alfenas RCG. Does dietary fat affect advanced glycation end products and their receptors? A systematic review of clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:598-612. [PMID: 34871448 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary fat seems to affect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors. This systematic review assesses studies that evaluated the effect of dietary fat on markers of glycation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of dietary fat on markers of glycation and to explore the mechanisms involved. DATA SOURCES This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched, using descriptors related to dietary fat, AGEs, and the receptors for AGEs. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected independently by the 3 authors. Divergent decisions were resolved by consensus. All studies that evaluated the effects of the quantity and quality of dietary fat on circulating concentrations of AGEs and their receptors in adults and elderly adults with or without chronic diseases were included. Initially, 9 studies met the selection criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Three authors performed data extraction independently. Six studies were included. RESULTS Consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and low in dietary AGEs reduced serum concentrations of AGEs, reduced expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), and increased expression of the AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) when compared with consumption of a Western diet rich in saturated fatty acids and dietary AGEs. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) resulted in decreased concentrations of fluorescent AGEs and decreased expression of RAGE as well as increased expression of AGER1. CONCLUSIONS Increased consumption of MUFAs and omega-3 PUFAs and reduced consumption of saturated fatty acids seem to be effective strategies to beneficially affect glycation markers, which in turn may prevent and control chronic diseases. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42021220489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélia P Mendes
- N.P. Mendes, P.V.M. Ribeiro, and R.C.G. Alfenas are with the Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila V M Ribeiro
- N.P. Mendes, P.V.M. Ribeiro, and R.C.G. Alfenas are with the Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita C G Alfenas
- N.P. Mendes, P.V.M. Ribeiro, and R.C.G. Alfenas are with the Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Cox LA, Chan J, Rao P, Hamid Z, Glenn JP, Jadhav A, Das V, Karere GM, Quillen E, Kavanagh K, Olivier M. Integrated omics analysis reveals sirtuin signaling is central to hepatic response to a high fructose diet. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:870. [PMID: 34861817 PMCID: PMC8641221 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary high fructose (HFr) is a known metabolic disruptor contributing to development of obesity and diabetes in Western societies. Initial molecular changes from exposure to HFr on liver metabolism may be essential to understand the perturbations leading to insulin resistance and abnormalities in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. We studied vervet monkeys (Clorocebus aethiops sabaeus) fed a HFr (n=5) or chow diet (n=5) for 6 weeks, and obtained clinical measures of liver function, blood insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, we performed untargeted global transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses on liver biopsies to determine the molecular impact of a HFr diet on coordinated pathways and networks that differed by diet. RESULTS We show that integration of omics data sets improved statistical significance for some pathways and networks, and decreased significance for others, suggesting that multiple omics datasets enhance confidence in relevant pathway and network identification. Specifically, we found that sirtuin signaling and a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) regulatory network were significantly altered in hepatic response to HFr. Integration of metabolomics and miRNAs data further strengthened our findings. CONCLUSIONS Our integrated analysis of three types of omics data with pathway and regulatory network analysis demonstrates the usefulness of this approach for discovery of molecular networks central to a biological response. In addition, metabolites aspartic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protein ATG3, and genes ATG7, and HMGCS2 link sirtuin signaling and the PPARA network suggesting molecular mechanisms for altered hepatic gluconeogenesis from consumption of a HFr diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Prahlad Rao
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, Memphis, USA
| | - Zeeshan Hamid
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Jeremy P Glenn
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Avinash Jadhav
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Das
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Genesio M Karere
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ellen Quillen
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC, G-floor, NC, 27157, Winston-Salem, USA
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 78245, San Antonio, TX, USA
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21
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Impact of Dietary Modifications on Plasma Sirtuins 1, 3 and 5 in Older Overweight Individuals Undergoing 12-Weeks of Circuit Training. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113824. [PMID: 34836079 PMCID: PMC8624957 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that regulate numerous pathways such as mitochondrial energy metabolism in the human body. Lower levels of these enzymes were linked to diseases such as diabetes mellitus and were also described as a result of aging. Sirtuins were previously shown to be under the control of exercise and diet, which are modifiable lifestyle factors. In this study, we analyzed SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT5 in blood from a subset of healthy elderly participants who took part in a 12-week randomized, controlled trial during which they performed, twice-weekly, resistance and aerobic training only (EX), the exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC), the exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO), or received no treatment and served as the control group (CON). In all study groups performing exercise, a significant increase in activities of SIRT1 (EX: +0.15 U/mg (+0.56/−[−0.16]), EXDC: +0.25 U/mg (+0.52/−0.06), EXCO: +0.40 U/mg (+0.88/−[−0.12])) and SIRT3 (EX: +0.80 U/mg (+3.18/−0.05), EXDC: 0.95 U/mg (+3.88/−0.55), EXCO: 1.60 U/mg (+2.85/−0.70)) was detected. Group comparisons revealed that differences in SIRT1 activity in EXCO and EXDC differed significantly from CON (CON vs. EXCO, p = 0.003; CON vs. EXDC, p = 0.010). For SIRT3, increases in all three intervention groups were significantly different from CON (CON vs. EX, p = 0.007; CON vs. EXDC, p < 0.001, CON vs. EXCO, p = 0.004). In contrast, differences in SIRT5-activities were less pronounced. Altogether, the analyses showed that the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3 increased in response to the exercise intervention and that this increase may potentially be enhanced by additional dietary modifications.
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Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Long Chain Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Cells Function: Contribution of FFA1 and FFA4 Receptors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668330. [PMID: 34276398 PMCID: PMC8280355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are molecules that act as metabolic intermediates and constituents of membranes; however, their novel role as signaling molecules in immune function has also been demonstrated. The presence of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors on immune cells has contributed to the understanding of this new role of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in immune function, showing their role as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecules and elucidating their intracellular mechanisms. The FFA1 and FFA4 receptors, also known as GPR40 and GPR120, respectively, have been described in macrophages and neutrophils, two key cells mediating innate immune response. Ligands of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors induce the release of a myriad of cytokines through well-defined intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the cellular responses and intracellular mechanisms activated by LCFAs, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in T-cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as the role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Tsai YW, Lu CH, Chang RCA, Hsu YP, Ho LT, Shih KC. Palmitoleic acid ameliorates palmitic acid-induced proinflammation in J774A.1 macrophages via TLR4-dependent and TNF-α-independent signallings. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 169:102270. [PMID: 33930845 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue resident macrophages play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Monounsaturated fatty acids assist in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases via an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the mechanisms by which monounsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid, regulate the inflammatory response has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that a high concentration of palmitic acid induced J774A.1 murine macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory state, possibly through the activation of the TLR2 or TLR4 genes, and their downstream signaling pathways. In contrast, palmitoleic acid induced a protective effect against inflammation in macrophage of non-obese rodents by inducing an alternative activation pathway via reducing TLR2 or TLR4 signaling. This study indicates that the balance of palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid) and palmitoleic acid (monounsaturated fatty acid) effects macrophage activation. The potential therapeutic impact of palmitoleic acid to ameliorate non-obese-mediated inflammation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defence Medical Canter, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Richard Cheng-An Chang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, United States
| | - Yung-Pei Hsu
- Departments of Medical Research, and Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
| | - Low-Tone Ho
- Departments of Medical Research, and Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, No.45, Cheng Hsin St., Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Caldas APS, Rocha DMUP, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Dietary fatty acids as nutritional modulators of sirtuins: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:235-246. [PMID: 32403131 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The sirtuins (SIRT1 to SIRT7) constitute a family of highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent proteins. When activated, sirtuins control essential cellular processes to maintain metabolic homeostasis, while lack of expression of sirtuins has been related to chronic disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the role of fat consumption as a modulator of human sirtuins. DATA SOURCES This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were identified by searches of the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of fatty acid consumption on sirtuin mRNA expression, sirtuin protein expression, or sirtuin protein activity were eligible for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors screened and determined the quality of the studies; disagreements were resolved by the third author. All authors compared the compiled data. RESULTS Seven clinical studies with 3 different types of interventions involving healthy and nonhealthy participants were selected. Only SIRT1 and SIRT3 were evaluated. Overall, the evidence from clinical studies to date is insufficient to understand how lipid consumption modulates sirtuins in humans. The best-characterized mechanism highlights oleic acid as a natural activator of SIRT1. CONCLUSION These results draw attention to a new field of interest in nutrition science. The possible activation of sirtuins by dietary fat manipulation may represent an important nutritional strategy for management of chronic and metabolic disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42018114456.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula S Caldas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi U P Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Turner L, Santosa S. Putting ATM to BED: How Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Affected by Bariatric Surgery, Exercise, and Dietary Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1893-1910. [PMID: 33979430 PMCID: PMC8483961 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing adiposity in obesity, adipose tissue macrophages contribute to adipose tissue malfunction and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity ultimately gives rise to a state of metainflammation that increases the risk of metabolic disease. To date, only lifestyle and surgical interventions have been shown to be somewhat effective at reversing the negative consequences of obesity and restoring adipose tissue homeostasis. Exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery result in immunomodulation, and for some individuals their effects are significant with or without weight loss. Robust evidence suggests that these interventions reduce chronic inflammation, in part, by affecting macrophage infiltration and promoting a phenotypic switch from the M1- to M2-like macrophages. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary fatty acids, exercise, and bariatric surgery on cellular characteristics affecting adipose tissue macrophage presence and phenotypes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Walnut Supplementation Restores the SIRT1-FoxO3a-MnSOD/Catalase Axis in the Heart, Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Fatty Acid Profile in Plasma, and Lowers Blood Pressure on Fructose-Rich Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5543025. [PMID: 33976753 PMCID: PMC8086433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of walnut (Juglans regia) consumption for metabolic health are known, but the molecular background underlying their putative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects is underexplored. We assessed that walnut supplementation (6 weeks) reverted unfavorable changes of the SIRT1/FoxO3a/MnSOD/catalase axis in the heart induced by fructose-rich diet (FRD). Intriguingly, Nox4 was increased by both FRD and walnut supplementation. FRD increased the cytosolic fraction and decreased the nuclear fraction of the uniquely elucidated ChREBP in the heart. The ChREBP nuclear fraction was decreased in control rats subjected to walnuts. In addition, walnut consumption was associated with a reduction in systolic BP in FRD and a decrease in fatty acid AA/EPA and AA/DHA ratios in plasma. In summary, the protective effect of walnut supplementation was detected in male rats following the fructose-induced decrease in antioxidative/anti-inflammatory capacity of cardiac tissue and increase in plasma predictors of low-grade inflammation. The current results provide a novel insight into the relationship between nutrients, cellular energy homeostasis, and the modulators of inflammatory/immune response in metabolic syndrome, emphasizing the heart and highlighting a track for translation into nutrition and dietary therapeutic approaches against metabolic disease.
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Penna E, Cavaliere G, Tudisco R, Musco N, Manca C, Catapano A, Monda M, Bergamo P, Banni S, Infascelli F, Lombardi P, Crispino M. Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:1111. [PMID: 33800688 PMCID: PMC8066999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding-the main way to modify milk fat composition-may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
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28
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Son SH, Lee SM, Lee MH, Son YK, Kim SE, An WS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Upregulate SIRT1/3, Activate PGC-1α via Deacetylation, and Induce Nrf1 Production in 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Model. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:182. [PMID: 33810216 PMCID: PMC8066610 DOI: 10.3390/md19040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney injury related with cardiovascular disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) protects renal tubular cells by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK)-mediated phosphorylation and sirtuin 1/3 (SIRT1/3)-mediated deacetylation are required for PGC-1α activation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) regulate the expression of mediators of mitochondrial biogenesis in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the following groups: sham control, Nx, and Nx treated with omega-3 FA. The expression of PGC-1α, phosphorylated PGC-1α (pPGC-1α), acetylated PGC-1α, and factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis was examined through Western blot analysis. Compared to the control group, the expression of PGC-1α, pAMPK, SIRT1/3, Nrf1, mTOR, and Nrf2 was significantly downregulated, and that of Keap 1, acetylated PGC-1α, and FoxO1/3, was significantly upregulated in the Nx group. These changes in protein expression were rescued in the omega-3 FA group. However, the expression of pPGC-1α was similar among the three groups. Omega-3 FAs may involve mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating Nrf1 and Nrf2. This protective mechanism might be attributed to the increased expression and deacetylation of PGC-1α, which was triggered by SIRT1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, BHS Han Seo Hospital, Busan 48253, Korea;
| | - Su Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea; (S.M.L.); (Y.K.S.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Mi Hwa Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Young Ki Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea; (S.M.L.); (Y.K.S.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea; (S.M.L.); (Y.K.S.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Won Suk An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea; (S.M.L.); (Y.K.S.); (S.E.K.)
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29
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Mao S, Ma H, Chen P, Liang Y, Zhang M, Hinek A. Fat-1 transgenic mice rich in endogenous omega-3 fatty acids are protected from lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1966-1978. [PMID: 33665922 PMCID: PMC8120410 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac malfunctions developing in result of sepsis are hard to treat so they eventually contribute to the increased mortality. Previous reports indicated for therapeutic potential of exogenous ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sepsis, but potential benefits of this compound on the malfunctional heart have not been explored yet. In the present study, we investigated whether the constantly elevated levels of endogenous ω‐3 PUFA in transgenic fat‐1 mice would alleviate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cardiac failure and death. Methods and results After both wild type (WT) and transgenic fat‐1 mice were challenged with LPS, a Kaplan–Meier curve and echocardiography were performed to evaluate the survival rates and cardiac function. Proteomics analysis, RT‐PCR, western blotting, immune‐histochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were further performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that transgenic fat‐1 mice exhibited the significantly lower mortality after LPS challenge as compared with their WT counterparts (30% vs. 42.5%, P < 0.05). LPS injection consistently impaired the left ventricular contractile function and caused the cardiac injury in the wild type mice, but not significantly affected the fat‐1 mice (P < 0.05). Proteomic analyses, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry further revealed that myocardium of the LPS‐challenged fat‐1 mice demonstrated the significantly lower levels of pro‐inflammatory markers and ROS than WT mice. Meaningfully, the LPS‐treated fat‐1 mice also demonstrated a significantly higher levels of LC3 II/I and Atg7 expressions than the LPS‐treated WT mice (P < 0.05), as well as displayed a selectively increased levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ and sirtuin (Sirt)‐1 expression, associated with a parallel decrease in NFκB activation. Conclusions The fat‐1 mice were protected from the detrimental LPS‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and exhibited enhancement of the autophagic flux activities, associating with the increased Sirt‐1 and PPARγ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huan Ma
- Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yubin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Aleksander Hinek
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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PUFA Treatment Affects C2C12 Myocyte Differentiation, Myogenesis Related Genes and Energy Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020192. [PMID: 33525599 PMCID: PMC7910949 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main components of cell membrane affecting its fluidity, signaling processes and play a vital role in muscle cell development. The effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on myogenesis are well known, while the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) are largely unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of two PUFAs (DHA and AA) on cell fate during myogenic processes, Wnt signaling and energy metabolism by using the C2C12 cells. The cells were treated with different concentrations of AA or DHA for 48 h during the differentiation period. PUFA treatment increased mRNA level of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), which is involved in early stage of myoblast proliferation. Additionally, PUFA treatment prevented myoblast differentiation, indicated by decreased myotube fusion index and differentiation index in parallel with reduced mRNA levels of myogenin (MyoG). After PUFA withdrawal, some changes in cell morphology and myosin heavy chain mRNA levels were still observed. Expression of genes associated with Wnt signaling pathway, and energy metabolism changed in PUFA treatment in a dose and time dependent manner. Our data suggests that PUFAs affect the transition of C2C12 cells from proliferation to differentiation phase by prolonging proliferation and preventing differentiation.
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El-Sayyad SM, Ali MA, Kandil LS, Ragab GM, Abdelhamid Ibrahim SS. Metformin and omega-3 fish oil elicit anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of some dysregulated micro RNAs expression and signaling pathways in experimental induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107362. [PMID: 33453674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive inflammatory disease with multiple dysfunctional intracellular signaling pathways that necessitate new approaches for its management. Hence, the study aimed to inspect the ability of the combination therapy of metformin and omega-3 to modulate different signaling pathways and micro RNAs such as (miR-155, miR-146a and miR-34) as new targets in order to mitigate adjuvant-induced arthritis and compare their effect to that of methotrexate. METHODS Fourteen days post adjuvant injection, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with metformin (200 mg/kg/day) and/or omega-3 (300 mg/kg/day) or intraperitoneally with methotrexate (2 mg/kg/week) for 4 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION All drug treatments amended the arthrogram score and hind paw swelling as well as decreased serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels. On the molecular level, all therapies activated phospho-5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), while they inhibited phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), phospho-signal transducers and activators of transcription (p-STAT3), nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 subunit, phosho38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and phospho- c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). In addition, they decreased the elevated expression level of miRNA-155, 146a and increased the expression level of miRNA-34 and they decreased the expression level of retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor γT (RORγT) and increased that of fork head box P3 (FOXP3), correcting Th17/Treg cells balance. On most of the aforementioned parameters, the effect of the combination therapy was comparable to that of methotrexate, emphasizing that this combination possesses better additive anti-inflammatory effect than either drug when used alone. In addition, the combination was capable of normalizing the serum transaminases levels as compared to untreated group offering hepatoprotective effect and suggesting the possibility of its use as a replacement therapeutic strategy for MTX in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk M El-Sayyad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, October 6 University, 12585 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia S Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Ragab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6 th of October City, Egypt
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Yang YH, Hao YM, Liu XF, Gao X, Wang BZ, Takahashi K, Du L. Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating sirtuin 1 pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:4783-4796. [PMID: 34100500 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Some chronic diseases such as cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) and obesity are associated with the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) that stimulates excess lipolysis in adipocytes. Our previous studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) ameliorated CAC and obesity-related metabolic disorders. To identify the molecular mechanisms involved, we examined the impact and the associated signaling pathways of DHA-PL and EPA-PL on TNF-α-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present results revealed that DHA-PL and EPA-PL inhibited the TNF-α-induced increase of glycerol release and protected lipid droplets. In addition, DHA-PL and EPA-PL increased DHA and EPA contents in the phospholipid fraction of adipocytes, respectively. Moreover, DHA-PL and EPA-PL enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity and its protein expression. By activating SIRT1, DHA-PL and EPA-PL upregulated the G0/G1 switch gene 2 protein level to inhibit adipose triglyceride lipase activity, activate AMP-activated protein kinase to reverse the downregulation of perilipin expression and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at Ser565 and prevent the phosphorylation of HSL at Ser660. Furthermore, DHA-PL and EPA-PL improved glucose uptake and glucose transporter type 4 translocation to the plasma membrane in TNF-α-treated adipocytes. Thus, it was concluded that DHA-PL and EPA-PL inhibit TNF-α-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the SIRT1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Yang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Koretaro Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Reda RM, El Asely A, Salah AS, Mahmoud MA. Replacement of dietary fish oil with plant oils improves the immunological responses and the antioxidant status in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to suboptimal temperature. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2181-2196. [PMID: 32862264 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effects of total dietary fish oil (FO) substitution with plant oil (PO) on hematological indices, immune status, antioxidant activity, IL1β and TNF-α gene expression, and hypoxia stress resistance in Oreochromis niloticus at suboptimal temperatures. Fish (n = 360) were randomly divided into 12 circular fiberglass tanks (500 L; 3 replicates for each dietary group, 30 fish/replicate, 90 fish/group). The control group was fed a basal diet with FO as the lipid source. The CO, SFO, and LSO groups were fed a basal diet with complete replacement of FO with corn, sunflower, and linseed oils, respectively. After 4 weeks, no effects on hematological indices were observed in fish fed the experimental diets. The LSO and CO groups showed a significant increase in γ globulin levels. The highest levels of non-specific immune parameters, antioxidant activity, and IL-1β and TNF-α gene expressions were recorded in the LSO group. The LSO group also exhibited good resistance to hypoxia stress. Therefore, the total dietary substitution of FO with PO (especially LSO and CO) is recommended as a valuable strategy to ameliorate the immunosuppressive effects of suboptimal temperatures and enhance the resistance of O. niloticus to hypoxia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharqia, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Amel El Asely
- Department of Aquatic Animals Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Salah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
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Li Q, Cui K, Wu M, Xu D, Mai K, Ai Q. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Influence LPS-Induced Inflammation of Fish Macrophages Through Differential Modulation of Pathogen Recognition and p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559332. [PMID: 33123132 PMCID: PMC7572853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) not only serve as essential nutrients but also function as modulators of the immune response in marine fish. However, their immunomodulatory mechanism is poorly understood given that the underlying regulation of the innate immune response in fish has not been fully elucidated. Hence, study of the innate immunity of fish could help elucidate the mechanism by which PUFAs affect the fish immune response. Here, we used combined transcriptome analysis and in vitro experimentation to study the mechanism of LPS-induced inflammation. Transcriptome profiling indicated that LPS elicited strong pro-inflammatory responses featuring high expression levels of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokines along with the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The transcription factor p65 alone could increase the transcription of IL1β by binding to the promoter of IL1β, and this promoting effect disappeared after mutation or deletion of its binding sites. We then examined the effects of PUFAs on the levels of gene expression and the abundance of proteins of critical kinases associated with LPS-induced inflammation. We found that LA exerts pro-inflammatory response while ALA, EPA, and DHA induced anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the expression of PRRs, phosphorylation of IKK and p38, and the nuclear translocation of p65. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which PUFAs regulate LPS-induced inflammation in a non-model fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Sayed AM, Hassanein EH, Salem SH, Hussein OE, Mahmoud AM. Flavonoids-mediated SIRT1 signaling activation in hepatic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 259:118173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen R, Zuo Z, Li Q, Wang H, Li N, Zhang H, Yu X, Liu Z. DHA substitution overcomes high-fat diet-induced disturbance in the circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2020; 11:3621-3631. [PMID: 32292967 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions to circadian rhythm have been associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DHA has been found to affect both circadian rhythm and lipid metabolism. In this study, the relationship between DHA substitution and improvements in lipid metabolism and circadian clock regulation was studied. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control, a high fat or a DHA substituted diet for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis and H&E staining showed that the high-fat diet (HFD) could induce NAFLD, and DHA substitution (AOH) could attenuate NAFLD. The qPCR results showed that the expressions of core clock genes Clock and Bmal1 were significantly higher at zeitgeber (ZT) 0 (7:00 am) than those at ZT12 (7:00 pm) in the control group, while this difference in day and night disappeared in the HFD group, but was observed in the AOH group. Western blotting results indicated that the expressions of rhythm output molecules (RORα and REV-ERBα) and their downstream protein INSIG2 all showed the corresponding circadian changes. SREBP-regulated proteins were significantly increased in the HFD group at both ZT0 and ZT12, but decreased in the AOH group accompanied by the corresponding changes in the protein expressions of HMGCR, LXR, CYP7A1 and CYP27A1. Altogether, HFD can decrease or disrupt circadian rhythm fluctuation by up-regulating the expression of core circadian rhythm genes Clock and Bmal1 at ZT12, and induce metabolic abnormalities through the INSIG2-SREBP pathway regulated by RORα and REV-ERBα. DHA substitution seems to restore circadian rhythm similar to the normal circadian rhythm of "night-high, day-low" through the metabolic pathway regulated by rhythmic nuclear receptors, improving the lipid metabolism rhythm and reducing liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulong Chen
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Yan XB, Dong XH, Tan BP, Zhang S, Chi SY, Liu HY, Yang YZ. Influence of different oil sources on growth, disease resistance, immune response and immune-related gene expression on the hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu), to Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:310-321. [PMID: 32070783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding alternative dietary oils to hybrid grouper fish (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂E. lanceolatu) on their growth, histological morphology of hepatocytes, disease resistance, immune response, and expression of immune-related genes. Seven experimental fish meal-based isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing 5% fish oil (FO; acting as controls) and various vegetable oils (VOs): corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SO), tea oil (TO), olive oil (OO), rice oil (RO), and mixed oil (MO); comprising equal amounts of these oils). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 40 fish (initial mean body weight ± standard error = 15.09 ± 0.01 g) for eight weeks. The results show that 1) alternative dietary oils had no significant effects on weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate compared with controls (P > 0.05). The weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the SO group were lower than in the CO and OO groups. 2) These were no differences in morphological indexes among groups; except for the CO group, in which the condition factor and hepatosomatic index were lower than those in other groups. 3) Compared with controls, the whole-body moisture and crude protein contents in the VO groups were higher, while their crude lipid contents were lower. 4) The fatty acid contents in liver and muscle were affected by lipid type, and the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in liver and muscle in the VO groups were markedly lower than in controls. 5) Compared with control group, VO groups damaged the histological morphology of hepatocytes. 6) After a challenge with the Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacterium, there were no differences in mortality among groups. However, VO enhanced the activity of non-specific immune enzymes while down-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and inducing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL1β, TNFα, TLR22, and MyD88) in the kidney. It can be concluded that dietary VO substitution does not affect the growth of fish but damaged the histological morphology of hepatocytes and induced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in tissues. Finally, OO and CO were recommended as the appropriate lipid replacement for FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, PR China.
| | - Bei-Ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, PR China
| | - Shu-Yan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, PR China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
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Wang R, Xie Y, Qiu J, Chen J. The Effects of Dexmedetomidine in a Rat Model of Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury are Mediated Through the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919213. [PMID: 32034118 PMCID: PMC7027370 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of sepsis-induced lung injury and the role of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) gene signaling pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty 28-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, the sham group, the model group, and the dexmedetomidine-treated group. The rat model of sepsis-induced lung injury was developed by surgical cecal ligation and puncture. Lung tissues examined histologically in the three study groups. Cell apoptosis was measured using the TUNEL assay, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and IL-10 were measured in rat lung tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apoptosis-associated proteins and AMPK/SIRT1 pathway-associated protein expression levels were detected using Western blot. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine significantly increased the survival rate and reduced the body temperature of rats in the model group with sepsis-induced lung injury, reduced lung injury, significantly reduced apoptosis in lung tissues, and reduced the expression levels of TNF-alpha, and IL-1ß, and increased the levels of IL-10. Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the rat lung tissue (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of sepsis-induced lung injury, dexmedetomidine reduced lung damage by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xianhu Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yongxiang Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jiwei Qiu
- Chinese Medicine Major, Graduate School of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jueying Chen
- Chinese Medicine Major, Graduate School of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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DEL-1 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mouse skeletal muscle through SIRT1/SERCA2-mediated ER stress suppression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Noor HB, Mou NA, Salem L, Shimul MF, Biswas S, Akther R, Khan S, Raihan S, Mohib MM, Sagor MA. Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2-41. [PMID: 31530260 PMCID: PMC7460777 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190830100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development. METHODS We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation, inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010. RESULTS Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However, this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or prevent inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Md A.T. Sagor
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Tel: +8801719130130; E-mail:
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Cai Y, Zhang H, Fan C, Zeng Y, Zou S, Wu C, Wang L, Fang S, Li P, Xue Y, Guan M. Renoprotective effects of brown adipose tissue activation in diabetic mice. J Diabetes 2019; 11:958-970. [PMID: 31020790 PMCID: PMC6899899 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been regarded as a potential target organ to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, the effect of BAT activation on the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. METHODS Diabetic mice were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat diet. To activate BAT, mice were administered 1 mg/kg per day, i.p., CL316,243, a β3 -adrenergic receptor agonist, for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, serum lipids, adipokines, 24-hour urinary albumin, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels were analyzed, in addition to renal pathology. Histological changes (fibrosis, inflammation) were evaluated in the kidneys, as was the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Renal signaling pathways (fibroblast growth factor [Fgf]21/β-klotho/FGF receptor 1c and AMP-activated protein kinase[AMPK]/sirtuin 1 [Sirt1]/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α [Pgc1α]) were also evaluated. RESULTS Compared with untreated STZ-diabetic mice, CL316,243 treatment reduced blood glucose, albeit not significantly (20.58 ± 3.55 vs 23.60 ± 3.90 mM), and significantly decreased triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Simultaneously, BAT activation significantly decreased 24-hour urinary albumin (34.21 ± 6.28 vs 70.46 ± 15.81 μg/24 h; P < 0.05) and 8-OHdG, improved renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and ameliorated renal morphological abnormalities. In addition to enhancing BAT activity, CL316,243 significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations and renal Fgf21 sensitivity, and reactivated the renal AMPK/Sirt1/Pgc1α signaling pathway. Furthermore, CL316,243 treatment increased levels of some circulating miRNAs and downregulated expression of their target genes in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Activating BAT could improve kidney injury in diabetic mice via metabolic improvements and renal AMPK activation by beneficial adipokines and miRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Adipokines/blood
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Circulating MicroRNA/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Birth Control, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Hong‐Bin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Cun‐Xia Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHainan General HospitalHaikouChina
| | - Yan‐Mei Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao‐Zhou Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chun‐Yan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yao‐Ming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mei‐Ping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Vara-Messler M, Mukdsi JH, Osieki NI, Benizio E, Repossi GM, Ajayi EIO, García NH. Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents salt sensitivity in diabetic rats and decreases oxidative stress. Nutrition 2019; 72:110644. [PMID: 32044546 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salt sensitivity (SS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) due to an increase in renal oxidation. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown antioxidant effects, but a typical Western diet contains limited content. In particular, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are able to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) to prevent diabetes mellitus-related complications by mitigating oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; ω-3) modulates SS in rats with T2-DM by decreasing renal oxidative stress via Nrf-2 activation and enhancing the antiinflammatory response via interleukin (IL) 6 modulation. METHODS Three-month-old male rats (n = 40) were fed with a Normal Na-diet (NNaD) and randomly selected into four groups: Healthy Wistar nondiabetic rats (Wi), diabetic controls (eSS), arachidonic acid-treated eSS (AA; ω-6), and EPA-treated eSS (ω-3). After 1 year, rats were placed in metabolic cages for 7 d and fed a NNaD, followed by a 7-d period with a High Na-diet (HNaD). Systolic blood pressure, body weight, serum IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined at the end of each 7-d period. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triacylglycerol, creatinine, and cholesterol levels were determined. ROS levels and Nrf-2 expression in kidney lysates were also assayed. Histologic changes were evaluated. A t test or analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS After a HNaD, systolic blood pressure increased in both the control eSS and AA groups, but not in the EPA and Wi groups. However, HbA1c levels remained unchanged by the treatments, which suggests that the observed beneficial effect was independent of HbA1c levels. The IL-6 levels were higher in the eSS and AA groups, but remained unaltered in EPA and Wi rats after a HNaD diet. Interestingly, EPA protected against serum ROS in rats fed the HNaD, whereas AA did not. In kidney lysates, ROS decreased significantly in the EPA group compared with the eSS group, and Nrf-2 expression was consistently higher compared with the AA and eSS groups. Diabetic rats presented focal segmental sclerosis, adherence to Bowman capsule, and mild-to-moderate interstitial fibrosis. EPA and AA treatment prevented kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS An adequate ω3-to-ω6 ratio prevents SS in diabetic rats by a mechanism that is independent of glucose metabolism but associated with the prevention of renal oxidative stress generation. These data suggest that EPA antioxidant properties may prevent the development of hypertension or kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge H Mukdsi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia I Osieki
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Benizio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón M Repossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ebenezer I O Ajayi
- DC&ONID, Biochemistry Department, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; IMMF-INIMEC-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Néstor H García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Heshmati J, Morvaridzadeh M, Maroufizadeh S, Akbari A, Yavari M, Amirinejad A, Maleki-Hajiagha A, Sepidarkish M. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104462. [PMID: 31563611 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) supplementation effects on oxidants and antioxidants are always controversial. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the finding of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effects of omega-3 FAs on OS markers. Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of science, and Cochrane were searched up to May 5th, 2019 with no language restriction. RCTs included if they compared OS indices among subjects who received omega-3 FAs supplements and subjects who supplemented with placebo. To estimate the effects of omega-3 FAs supplementation, standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled using random effects model. Of 5,887 publications, 39 trials involving 2,875 participants were included for the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of data indicated that omega-3 FAs significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.72, P< 0.001; I2= 60%), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.16, P= 0.001; I2= 83%) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD= -0.42, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.21; P < 0.001; I2= 74%) compared to the placebo group. However, the effects of omega-3 FAs on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: -0.17 , 95% CI: -0.77, 0.43, P = 0.57; I2= 91%), reduced glutathione (GSH) (SMD= 0.23, 95% CI= -0.17, 0.64, P= 0.25; I2= 75%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.12 , 95% CI: -0.40, 0.65, P= 0.64; I2= 89%) and catalase (CAT) (0.16, 95% CI: -0.33, 0.65, P= 0.52; I2= 75%,) activities was not significant. Supplementation with omega-3 FAs significantly improves MDA, TAC levels, and GPx activity. Thus, omega-3 FAs can be mentioned as enhancer factors in antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yavari
- Department of Nutritional Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Peng J, Xiong J, Cui C, Huang N, Zhang H, Wu X, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wei H, Peng J. Maternal Eicosapentaenoic Acid Feeding Decreases Placental Lipid Deposition and Improves the Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress Through a Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) Independent Manner. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900343. [PMID: 31408587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Maternal obesity has been associated with increased placental lipotoxicity and impaired mitochondrial function. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is an important regulator of both lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. The present study aims to determine whether supplementation of the maternal diet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can decrease placental lipid deposition and improve antioxidant ability, in a SIRT1-dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant SIRT1+/- mice (mated with male SIRT1+/- ) are fed a high-fat diet consisting of 60% of the kcal from fat, or an equienergy EPA diet for 18.5 d. Supplementation with EPA significantly changes maternal plasma, placental and fetal fatty acid composition, and decreases placental and fetal lipid content. In addition, placental antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation products are increased, placental uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PPARγ coactivator-1 α (PGC1α) expression are activated, and mitochondrial swelling decreases. While SIRT1 deficiency has little effect on placental fatty acid composition and lipid content, decreased fetal lipid deposition is observed, placental PGC1α expression decreases, mitochondrial swelling increases, and placental total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity increases. Both EPA and SIRT1 have no effect on BODIPY-FL-C16 uptake. Interestingly, there is no significant interaction between diet and genotype. CONCLUSION Maternal EPA feeding decreases placental lipid deposition and improves placental oxidative stress homeostasis independent of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xiong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - XiaoYu Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Moosavian SP, Arab A, Mehrabani S, Moradi S, Nasirian M. The effect of omega-3 and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:553-563. [PMID: 31442100 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation, but their findings are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to elucidate the overall effects of co-supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods: We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords of relevant articles indexed in PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to December 2018 to identify eligible RCT studies. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect of co-supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E on oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: Overall, 7 RCTs with 504 participants were included in this meta-analysis. We found that co-supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E decreased hs-CRP (weighed mean difference (WMD) = -2.15 mg/L; 95% CI: -3.40, -0.91 mg/L; P < 0.001) concentrations and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD = 92.87 mmol/L; 95% CI: 31.97, 153.77 mmol/L; P = 0.03), and nitric oxide levels (NO) (WMD: 6.95 μmol/L; 95% CI: 3.86, 10.04, P < 0.001) compared with control group. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E had no significant effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD: 1.54 mmol/L; 95% CI: -1.29, 4.36; P = 0.196), and glutathione (GSH) (WMD: 20.87 mmol/L; 95% CI: -20.04, 61.6, P = 0.31) levels. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis found that omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation significantly decreased hs-CRP and increased NO and TAC, although it had no significant effect on MDA and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasirian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School; and Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang Z, Bu L, Yang P, Feng S, Xu F. Alleviation of sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction by overexpression of Sestrin2 is associated with inhibition of p‑S6K and activation of the p‑AMPK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2511-2518. [PMID: 31524263 PMCID: PMC6691248 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial injury is one of the manifestations of multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism of alleviation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury on cardiomyocytes by Sestrin2. A sepsis model using LPS injection was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and after 6, 12 and 24 h, rat blood was collected and cardiac troponin T (CTnT) levels were determined using ELISA. Heart specimens were excised, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were detected by ELISA, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated using colorimetric analysis, and phosphorylated (p)-S6K and p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels were determined by western blot analysis. In the septic rats, phenomenon of myocardial fiber rupture, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed under light microscope. Following LPS injection, CTnT in serum and MDA in myocardial homogenate were increased time-dependently. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly increased, with a peak at 6 h. p-S6K levels were adaptively downregulated, and levels of p-AMPK and Sestrin2 were adaptively upregulated by LPS. In LPS-injured H9c2 cells, Sestrin2 overexpression attenuated the LPS-mediated inhibitory effects on cell viability, suppressed LPS-mediated increase in CTnT, TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA levels, as well as attenuated p-S6K levels and elevated p-AMPK and Sestrin2 levels. Sestrin2 interference showed the opposite effect. Sestrin2 promoted cell viability and inhibited the inflammatory responses of LPS-injured myocardial cells. The phenomena may be associated with inhibition of p-S6K and activation of the p-AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lin Bu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Shoujie Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Macrophages Are Key Regulators of Stem Cells during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4761427. [PMID: 31396285 PMCID: PMC6664695 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4761427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is a closely regulated process that involves a variety of cell types such as satellite cells, myofibers, fibroadipogenic progenitors, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells. Among these different cell types, macrophages emerged as a central actor coordinating the different cellular interactions and biological processes. Particularly, the transition of macrophages from their proinflammatory to their anti-inflammatory phenotype was shown to regulate inflammation, myogenesis, fibrosis, vascularization, and return to homeostasis. On the other hand, deregulation of macrophage accumulation or polarization in chronic degenerative muscle disorders was shown to impair muscle regeneration. Considering the key roles of macrophages in skeletal muscle, they represent an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches aiming at mitigating various muscle disorders. This review aims at summarizing the novel insights into macrophage heterogeneity, plasticity, and functions in skeletal muscle homeostasis, regeneration, and disease.
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48
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Rahimi E, Ahmadi A, Boroumand MA, Mohammad Soltani B, Behmanesh M. Nutrient sensing pathway genes expression dysregulated in patients with T2DM and coronary artery disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 151:39-45. [PMID: 30935928 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Patients with T2DM suffer from an increased risk of vascular complications. Of these, the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) causes the most mortality in patients with T2DM, however, its underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Nutrient sensing pathways which play a key role in sensing cellular energy and nutrients levels are reported to dysregulated in metabolic disease like T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of nutrient sensing genes including SIRT1, PRKAB1, PRKAB2 and mTOR in CAD+ versus CAD-T2DM patients. METHODS Sixty-five people with T2DM who referred to Tehran heart center were participated in this study. Based on coronary angiography data these individuals were classified into two groups: CAD+ T2DM (n = 34) and CAD-T2DM (n = 31). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from these patients and the expression levels of genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Significant down-regulations of the SIRT1 (3.1-fold, p = 0.0013) and PRKAB1 (3.5-fold, p = 0.0001) mRNA expression were observed in CAD+ T2DM group in comparison with CAD-T2DM patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.8529 (p = 0.0001) and 0.7078 (p = 0.004) for PRKAB1 and SIRT1 respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the dysregulation of genes involved in nutrient sensing pathway may be associated with the pathogenesis of CAD in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, the expression levels of these genes could be consider as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Rahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Boroumand
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1411713138, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
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Alzoubi KH, Mayyas F, Abu Zamzam HI. Omega-3 fatty acids protects against chronic sleep-deprivation induced memory impairment. Life Sci 2019; 227:1-7. [PMID: 30998938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aims to evaluate the possible protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids on memory impairment induced by sleep-deprivation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were chronically sleep deprived using the modified multiple platform model (8 h/day for 8 weeks). Omega-3 fatty acids were administered as fish oil via oral gavage at a daily dose of 100 mg omega-3 PUFA/100 g BWT. The spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the radial arm water maze (RAWM). Additionally, the following oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in the hippocampus: glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). KEY FINDINGS Animals in the SD group committed significantly more errors in both short- and long- term memory tests of the RAWM compared to other groups. On the other hand, animals that were sleep deprived and treated with omega-3 fatty acids committed similar number of errors compared to the control group. This indicates that SD impaired both short- and long- term memories, and that chronic omega-3 fatty acids administration prevented these effects. Omega-3 fatty acids also prevented the decreases in hippocampal GPx, catalase and GSH/GSSG ratio and normalized the increases in GSSG levels, which were impaired by SD model. No changes were observed on hippocampal TBARS levels, or activity of SOD among experimental groups. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, a protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids administration has been observed against chronic SD-induced memory impairment probably via improving hippocampus antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Fadia Mayyas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hamza I Abu Zamzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Korbecki J, Bobiński R, Dutka M. Self-regulation of the inflammatory response by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:443-458. [PMID: 30927048 PMCID: PMC6517359 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family includes three transcription factors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. PPAR are nuclear receptors activated by oxidised and nitrated fatty acid derivatives as well as by cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2) during the inflammatory response. This results in the modulation of the pro-inflammatory response, preventing it from being excessively activated. Other activators of these receptors are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (arachidonic acid, ALA, EPA, and DHA). The main function of PPAR during the inflammatory reaction is to promote the inactivation of NF-κB. Possible mechanisms of inactivation include direct binding and thus inactivation of p65 NF-κB or ubiquitination leading to proteolytic degradation of p65 NF-κB. PPAR also exert indirect effects on NF-κB. They promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, or heme oxygenase-1, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., secondary transmitters in inflammatory reactions. PPAR also cause an increase in the expression of IκBα, SIRT1, and PTEN, which interferes with the activation and function of NF-κB in inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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