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Singeisen H, Renzulli MM, Pavlicek V, Probst P, Hauswirth F, Muller MK, Adamczyk M, Weber A, Kaderli RM, Renzulli P. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4: a new member of the MEN family. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e220411. [PMID: 36520683 PMCID: PMC9874964 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) is caused by a CDKN1B germline mutation first described in 2006. Its estimated prevalence is less than one per million. The aim of this study was to define the disease characteristics. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 criteria. A literature search from January 2006 to August 2022 was done using MEDLINE® and Web of ScienceTM. RESULTS Forty-eight symptomatic patients fulfilled the pre-defined eligibility criteria. Twenty-eight different CDKN1B variants, mostly missense (21/48, 44%) and frameshift mutations (17/48, 35%), were reported. The majority of patients were women (36/48, 75%). Men became symptomatic at a median age of 32.5 years (range 10-68, mean 33.7 ± 23), whereas the same event was recorded for women at a median age of 49.5 years (range 5-76, mean 44.8 ± 19.9) (P = 0.25). The most frequently affected endocrine organ was the parathyroid gland (36/48, 75%; uniglandular disease 31/36, 86%), followed by the pituitary gland (21/48, 44%; hormone-secreting 16/21, 76%), the endocrine pancreas (7/48, 15%), and the thyroid gland (4/48, 8%). Tumors of the adrenal glands and thymus were found in three and two patients, respectively. The presenting first endocrine pathology concerned the parathyroid (27/48, 56%) and the pituitary gland (11/48, 23%). There were one (27/48, 56%), two (13/48, 27%), three (3/48, 6%), or four (5/48, 10%) syn- or metachronously affected endocrine organs in a single patient, respectively. CONCLUSION MEN4 is an extremely rare disease, which most frequently affects women around 50 years of age. Primary hyperparathyroidism as a uniglandular disease is the leading pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Singeisen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Vojtech Pavlicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Probst
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Hauswirth
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Markus K Muller
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Magdalene Adamczyk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Martin Kaderli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Renzulli
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Renzulli:
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Zhai F, Wang J, Yang W, Ye M, Jin X. The E3 Ligases in Cervical Cancer and Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5354. [PMID: 36358773 PMCID: PMC9658772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial (EC) and cervical (CC) cancers are the most prevalent malignancies of the female reproductive system. There is a global trend towards increasing incidence and mortality, with a decreasing age trend. E3 ligases label substrates with ubiquitin to regulate their activity and stability and are involved in various cellular functions. Studies have confirmed abnormal expression or mutations of E3 ligases in EC and CC, indicating their vital roles in the occurrence and progression of EC and CC. This paper provides an overview of the E3 ligases implicated in EC and CC and discusses their underlying mechanism. In addition, this review provides research advances in the target of ubiquitination processes in EC and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Zhai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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A gene signature consisting of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes of SKP2 is associated with clinical outcome in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2478. [PMID: 35169199 PMCID: PMC8847659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination of SKP2, an oncoprotein, is controlled by its E3 ligases, including APC/CFZR1 and deubiquitinases such as USP10. We identified a two-gene signature for the ubiquitination of SKP2, consisting of the copy number of FZR1 compared to the copy number of USP10. The signature reflects the level of SKP2 activity, stratifying BC patients into two groups with significantly different protein levels of SKP2 ubiquitination substrate p27 (t-test p < 0.01) and recapitulating the expression patterns of SKP2 between tumor and normal tissue (Spearman’s ρ = 0.39.) The signature is also highly associated with clinical outcome in luminal BC but not other subtypes, characterizing patients into two groups with significantly different overall survival times (log-rank p = 0.006). In addition, it is dramatically associated with tumor grade (Chi-squared p = 6.7 × 10−3), stage (Chi-squared p = 1.6 × 10−11), and the number of positive lymph nodes (negative binomial regression coefficient p = 2.0 × 10−3). Our study provides a rationale for targeting the SKP2 ubiquitination pathway in luminal BC and for further investigation of the use of ubiquitinase/deubiquitinase genes as prognosis and treatment biomarkers.
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Beamish SB, Frick KM. A Putative Role for Ubiquitin-Proteasome Signaling in Estrogenic Memory Regulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:807215. [PMID: 35145382 PMCID: PMC8821141 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.807215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones such as 17β-estradiol (E2) are critical neuromodulators of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory in both males and females. However, the mechanisms through which E2 regulates memory formation in both sexes remain unclear. Research to date suggests that E2 regulates hippocampus-dependent memory by activating numerous cell-signaling cascades to promote the synthesis of proteins that support structural changes at hippocampal synapses. However, this work has largely overlooked the equally important contributions of protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in remodeling the synapse. Despite being critically implicated in synaptic plasticity and successful formation of long-term memories, it remains unclear whether protein degradation mediated by the UPS is necessary for E2 to exert its beneficial effects on hippocampal plasticity and memory formation. The present article provides an overview of the receptor and signaling mechanisms so far identified as critical for regulating hippocampal E2 and UPS function in males and females, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which these mechanisms overlap to support structural integrity and protein composition of hippocampal synapses. We argue that the high degree of correspondence between E2 and UPS activity warrants additional study to examine the contributions of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in regulating the effects of sex steroid hormones on cognition.
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Perlasca P, Frasca M, Ba CT, Gliozzo J, Notaro M, Pennacchioni M, Valentini G, Mesiti M. Multi-resolution visualization and analysis of biomolecular networks through hierarchical community detection and web-based graphical tools. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244241. [PMID: 33351828 PMCID: PMC7755227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual exploration and analysis of biomolecular networks is of paramount importance for identifying hidden and complex interaction patterns among proteins. Although many tools have been proposed for this task, they are mainly focused on the query and visualization of a single protein with its neighborhood. The global exploration of the entire network and the interpretation of its underlying structure still remains difficult, mainly due to the excessively large size of the biomolecular networks. In this paper we propose a novel multi-resolution representation and exploration approach that exploits hierarchical community detection algorithms for the identification of communities occurring in biomolecular networks. The proposed graphical rendering combines two types of nodes (protein and communities) and three types of edges (protein-protein, community-community, protein-community), and displays communities at different resolutions, allowing the user to interactively zoom in and out from different levels of the hierarchy. Links among communities are shown in terms of relationships and functional correlations among the biomolecules they contain. This form of navigation can be also combined by the user with a vertex centric visualization for identifying the communities holding a target biomolecule. Since communities gather limited-size groups of correlated proteins, the visualization and exploration of complex and large networks becomes feasible on off-the-shelf computer machines. The proposed graphical exploration strategies have been implemented and integrated in UNIPred-Web, a web application that we recently introduced for combining the UNIPred algorithm, able to address both integration and protein function prediction in an imbalance-aware fashion, with an easy to use vertex-centric exploration of the integrated network. The tool has been deeply amended from different standpoints, including the prediction core algorithm. Several tests on networks of different size and connectivity have been conducted to show off the vast potential of our methodology; moreover, enrichment analyses have been performed to assess the biological meaningfulness of detected communities. Finally, a CoV-human network has been embedded in the system, and a corresponding case study presented, including the visualization and the prediction of human host proteins that potentially interact with SARS-CoV2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Perlasca
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Frasca
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cheick Tidiane Ba
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Gliozzo
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Notaro
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Pennacchioni
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valentini
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CINI National Laboratory in Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems—AIIS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mesiti
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Giannone G, Tuninetti V, Ghisoni E, Genta S, Scotto G, Mittica G, Valabrega G. Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2353. [PMID: 31083638 PMCID: PMC6539322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial Cancer (EC) is an important cause of death in women worldwide. Despite early diagnosis and optimal treatment of localized disease, relapsed patients have few therapeutic options because after first line therapy, currently no standard of care exists. On the basis of endocrine positivity of most endometrioid ECs, Endocrine Therapy (ET) is a reasonable and widely accepted option. Better knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in cancer highlighted the deregulated activity of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle as a hallmark of carcinogenesis supporting the development of a new class of drugs: CDK inhibitors (CDKis). The aim of this review is to give an overview on CDKis preclinical, early clinical activity and future development in EC. Use of CDKis has a strong preclinical rationale but we have poor clinical data. Similar to breast cancer, most ongoing trials are investigating synergistic associations between CDKis and ET. These trials will probably help in defining the best clinical setting of CDKis in ECs, which are the best partner drugs, and how to manage CDKis toxicities with a focus on potential biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giannone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valentina Tuninetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Sofia Genta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Gloria Mittica
- Units of Oncology, ASL Verbano Cusio Ossola (VCO), Via Fiume, 18, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
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7
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Denley MCS, Gatford NJF, Sellers KJ, Srivastava DP. Estradiol and the Development of the Cerebral Cortex: An Unexpected Role? Front Neurosci 2018; 12:245. [PMID: 29887794 PMCID: PMC5981095 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex undergoes rapid folding in an "inside-outside" manner during embryonic development resulting in the establishment of six discrete cortical layers. This unique cytoarchitecture occurs via the coordinated processes of neurogenesis and cell migration. In addition, these processes are fine-tuned by a number of extracellular cues, which exert their effects by regulating intracellular signaling pathways. Interestingly, multiple brain regions have been shown to develop in a sexually dimorphic manner. In many cases, estrogens have been demonstrated to play an integral role in mediating these sexual dimorphisms in both males and females. Indeed, 17β-estradiol, the main biologically active estrogen, plays a critical organizational role during early brain development and has been shown to be pivotal in the sexually dimorphic development and regulation of the neural circuitry underlying sex-typical and socio-aggressive behaviors in males and females. However, whether and how estrogens, and 17β-estradiol in particular, regulate the development of the cerebral cortex is less well understood. In this review, we outline the evidence that estrogens are not only present but are engaged and regulate molecular machinery required for the fine-tuning of processes central to the cortex. We discuss how estrogens are thought to regulate the function of key molecular players and signaling pathways involved in corticogenesis, and where possible, highlight if these processes are sexually dimorphic. Collectively, we hope this review highlights the need to consider how estrogens may influence the development of brain regions directly involved in the sex-typical and socio-aggressive behaviors as well as development of sexually dimorphic regions such as the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. S. Denley
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. F. Gatford
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine J. Sellers
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ma J, Zhang X, He G, Yang C. The relationship between cervical precancerous lesion galectin-3 and p27 protein expression and clinical prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1533-1536. [PMID: 29434847 PMCID: PMC5774464 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between galectin-3 and p27kip1 protein expression levels in cervical precancerous lesions and clinical prognosis were studied. A total of 74 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [(CIN), 20 cases classified as stage I, 24 cases as stage II and 30 cases as stage III] were enrolled in this study. Tissue galectin-3, p27kip1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-2 and cyclin D protein levels were detected via immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Follow-up median duration was 13.5 months and recurrence rate was determined. Galectin-3, VEGF-2, and cyclin D expression was elevated in patients with higher stage CIN, whereas p27kip1 showed the opposite trend (p<0.05). During follow-up, there were 3 cases (15.0%) of recurrence in the CIN-I group, 5 cases (20.8%) in the CIN-II group and 9 cases (30.0%) in CIN-III the group. No significant difference in recurrence rate was noted among the groups (p>0.05). The upregulation of galectin-3 and downregulation of p27kip1 in CIN tissues may be related to tumor progression. This phenomenon will require further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
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Daubriac J, Pandya UM, Huang KT, Pavlides SC, Gama P, Blank SV, Shukla P, Crawford SE, Gold LI. Hormonal and Growth Regulation of Epithelial and Stromal Cells From the Normal and Malignant Endometrium by Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2754-2773. [PMID: 28911166 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We discovered that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-null mice have endometrial hyperplasia, the precursor to human type I endometrial cancer (ECA), which is etiologically linked to unopposed estrogen (E2), suggesting that this potent antiangiogenic factor might contribute to dysregulated growth and the development of type I ECA. Treatment of both ECA cell lines and primary ECA cells with recombinant PEDF dose dependently decreased cellular proliferation via an autocrine mechanism by blocking cells in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Consistent with the known opposing effects of E2 and progesterone (Pg) on endometrial proliferation, Pg increases PEDF protein synthesis and release, whereas E2 has the converse effect. Using PEDF luciferase promoter constructs containing two Pg and one E2 response elements, E2 reduced and Pg increased promoter activity due to distal response elements. Furthermore, E2 decreases and Pg increases PEDF secretion into conditioned media (CM) by both normal endometrial stromal fibroblasts (ESFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), but only CM from ESFs mediated growth-inhibitory activity of primary endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). In addition, in cocultures with primary EECs, Pg-induced growth inhibition is mediated by ESFs, but not CAFs. This is consistent with reduced levels of Pg receptors on CAFs surrounding human malignant glands in vivo. Taken together, the data suggest that PEDF is a hormone-regulated negative autocrine mediator of endometrial proliferation, and that paracrine growth inhibition by soluble factors, possibly PEDF, released by ESFs in response to Pg, but not CAFs, exemplifies a tumor microenvironment that contributes to the pathogenesis of ECA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Daubriac
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Unnati M Pandya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Savvas C Pavlides
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Patricia Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 05508 000, Brazil
| | - Stephanie V Blank
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Pratibha Shukla
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Susan E Crawford
- NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Leslie I Gold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
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Pavlides SC, Lecanda J, Daubriac J, Pandya UM, Gama P, Blank S, Mittal K, Shukla P, Gold LI. TGF-β activates APC through Cdh1 binding for Cks1 and Skp2 proteasomal destruction stabilizing p27kip1 for normal endometrial growth. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:931-47. [PMID: 26963853 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1150393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that aberrant TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling in endometrial cancer (ECA) leads to continuous ubiquitylation of p27(kip1)(p27) by the E3 ligase SCF-Skp2/Cks1 causing its degradation, as a putative mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of this cancer. In contrast, normal intact TGF-β signaling prevents degradation of nuclear p27 by SCF-Skp2/Cks1 thereby accumulating p27 to block Cdk2 for growth arrest. Here we show that in ECA cell lines and normal primary endometrial epithelial cells, TGF-β increases Cdh1 and its binding to APC/C to form the E3 ligase complex that ubiquitylates Cks1 and Skp2 prompting their proteasomal degradation and thus, leaving p27 intact. Knocking-down Cdh1 in ECA cell lines increased Skp2/Cks1 E3 ligase activity, completely diminished nuclear and cytoplasmic p27, and obviated TGF-β-mediated inhibition of proliferation. Protein synthesis was not required for TGF-β-induced increase in nuclear p27 and decrease in Cks1 and Skp2. Moreover, half-lives of Cks1 and Skp2 were extended in the Cdh1-depleted cells. These results suggest that the levels of p27, Skp2 and Cks1 are strongly or solely regulated by proteasomal degradation. Finally, an inverse relationship of low p27 and high Cks1 in the nucleus was shown in patients in normal proliferative endometrium and grade I-III ECAs whereas differentiated secretory endometrium showed the reverse. These studies implicate Cdh1 as the master regulator of TGF-β-induced preservation of p27 tumor suppressor activity. Thus, Cdh1 is a potential therapeutic target for ECA and other human cancers showing an inverse relationship between Cks1/Skp2 and p27 and/or dysregulated TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas C Pavlides
- a Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,b Divisions of Translational Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Jon Lecanda
- a Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,b Divisions of Translational Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Julien Daubriac
- a Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,b Divisions of Translational Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Unnati M Pandya
- a Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,b Divisions of Translational Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Patricia Gama
- c Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paolo , Brazil
| | - Stephanie Blank
- a Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,d Gynecologic Oncology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,e Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Khushbakhat Mittal
- d Gynecologic Oncology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,e Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Pratibha Shukla
- a Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,d Gynecologic Oncology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,e Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Leslie I Gold
- a Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,b Divisions of Translational Medicine , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,e Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.,f Department of Pathology , New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
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A Multi-Step miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Construction Approach Identifies Gene Signatures Associated with Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7060026. [PMID: 27271671 PMCID: PMC4929425 DOI: 10.3390/genes7060026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC)-related gene signatures using a multi-step miRNA-mRNA regulatory network construction approach. Pathway analysis showed that 61 genes were enriched on many carcinoma-related pathways. Among the 14 highest scoring gene signatures, six genes had been previously shown to be endometrial carcinoma. By qRT-PCR and next generation sequencing, we found that a gene signature (CPEB1) was significantly down-regulated in EEC tissues, which may be caused by hsa-miR-183-5p up-regulation. In addition, our literature surveys suggested that CPEB1 may play an important role in EEC pathogenesis by regulating the EMT/p53 pathway. The miRNA-mRNA network is worthy of further investigation with respect to the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in EEC. CPEB1 appeared to be a tumor suppressor in EEC. Our results provided valuable guidance for the functional study at the cellular level, as well as the EEC mouse models.
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p27 and its ubiquitin ligase Skp2 expression in endometrium of IVF patients with repeated hormonal stimulation. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 32:308-15. [PMID: 26795496 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This preliminary study examined a possible effect of long duration repeated hormonal stimulation on the endometrium using a molecular tool. The expression of the hormone stimulated, cell cycle regulators, p27 and its ligase S-phase kinase-interacting protein2 (Skp2), were assessed in 46 endometrial samples of patients who underwent repeated IVF cycles (3-21). Skp2 protein is usually undetectable in normal tissue and can be demonstrated only in rapidly dividing cells. Samples from non-stimulated, normal cycling women served as control group A. Samples of endometrial carcinoma served as control group B. In secretory endometrium, the expression of p27 was found to be lower and Skp2 higher in the study group compared with control group A. Moreover, in 25% of patients of the study group, Skp2 expression was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with control group A, reaching concentrations demonstrated in endometrial carcinoma. The findings of this study suggest that repeated hormone stimulation cycles may disrupt endometrial physiology, potentially towards abnormal proliferation. These changes in protein expression are described for the first time in IVF patients and should be further investigated.
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La Colla A, Pronsato L, Milanesi L, Vasconsuelo A. 17β-Estradiol and testosterone in sarcopenia: Role of satellite cells. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:166-77. [PMID: 26247846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, referred to as sarcopenia, is a prevalent condition among the elderly. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are unclear, evidence suggests that an age-related acceleration of myocyte loss via apoptosis might be responsible for muscle perfomance decline. Interestingly, sarcopenia has been associated to a deficit of sex hormones which decrease upon aging. The skeletal muscle ability to repair and regenerate itself would not be possible without satellite cells, a subpopulation of cells that remain quiescent throughout life. They are activated in response to stress, enabling them to guide skeletal muscle regeneration. Thus, these cells could be a key factor to overcome sarcopenia. Of importance, satellite cells are 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) targets. In this review, we summarize potential mechanisms through which these hormones regulate satellite cells activation during skeletal muscle regeneration in the elderly. The advance in its understanding will help to the development of potential therapeutic agents to alleviate and treat sarcopenia and other related myophaties.
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Nakajima T, Tanimoto Y, Tanaka M, Chambon P, Watanabe H, Iguchi T, Sato T. Neonatal Estrogen Receptor β Is Important in the Permanent Inhibition of Epithelial Cell Proliferation in the Mouse Uterus. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3317-28. [PMID: 26020796 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a pivotal role in the mouse uterine and vaginal epithelial cell proliferation stimulated by estrogen, whereas ERβ inhibits cell proliferation. ERβ mRNA is expressed in neonatal uteri and vaginae; however, its functions in neonatal tissues have not been ascertained. In this study, we investigated the ontogenic mRNA expression and localization of ERβ, and its roles in cell proliferation in neonatal uteri and vaginae of ERβ knockout (βERKO) mice. ERβ mRNA and protein were abundant in the uterine and vaginal epithelia of 2-day-old mice and decreased with age. In uterine and vaginal epithelia of 2-day-old βERKO mice, cell proliferation was greater than that in wild-type animals and in uterine epithelia of 90- and 365-day-old βERKO mice. In addition, p27 protein, known as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was decreased in the uteri of 90- and 365-day-old βERKO mice. Inhibition of neonatal ERs by ICI 182780 (an ER antagonist) treatment stimulated cell proliferation and decreased p27 protein in the uterine luminal epithelium of 90-day-old mice but not in the vaginal epithelium. These results suggest that neonatal ERβ is important in the persistent inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation with accumulation of p27 protein in the mouse uterus. Thus, suppression of ERβ function in the uterine epithelium during the neonatal period may be responsible for a risk for proliferative disease in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience (T.N., Y.T., T.S.), Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology (T.N.), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition (M.T.), Junior College of Aizu, Aizu 965-8570, Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur (P.C.), Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France; Graduate School of Engineering (H.W.), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Helzer KT, Hooper C, Miyamoto S, Alarid ET. Ubiquitylation of nuclear receptors: new linkages and therapeutic implications. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:R151-67. [PMID: 25943391 PMCID: PMC4457637 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is a group of transcriptional regulators that control multiple aspects of both physiology and pathology and are broadly recognized as viable therapeutic targets. While receptor-modulating drugs have been successful in many cases, the discovery of new drug targets is still an active area of research, because resistance to NR-targeting therapies remains a significant clinical challenge. Many successful targeted therapies have harnessed the control of receptor activity by targeting events within the NR signaling pathway. In this review, we explore the role of NR ubiquitylation and discuss how the expanding roles of ubiquitin could be leveraged to identify additional entry points to control receptor function for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Helzer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartment of Oncology, 6151 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Christopher Hooper
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartment of Oncology, 6151 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartment of Oncology, 6151 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDepartment of Oncology, 6151 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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16
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Takekoshi S, Yasui Y, Inomoto C, Kitatani K, Nakamura N, Osamura RY. A Histopathological Study of Multi-hormone Producing Proliferative Lesions in Estrogen-induced Rat Pituitary Prolactinoma. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:155-64. [PMID: 25392569 PMCID: PMC4164703 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats with estrogen-induced prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma (E2-PRLoma) have been employed as an animal model of human PRL-producing pituitary adenoma in a large number of studies. Presently, we found that long-term administration of estrogen to SD rats resulted in the development of E2-PRLomas, some of which included multi-hormone producing nodules. We herein report results of histopathological analyses of these lesions. PRLoma models were created in female SD rats by 22 weeks or longer administration of a controlled-release preparation of estradiol at a dose of 10 mg/kg/2 weeks. Ten of the 11 PRLoma model rats had proliferative nodular lesions composed of large eosinophilic cells like gonadotrophs inside the PRLoma. These lesions were positive for PRL, TSHβ, and α subunits and were negative for GH, LHβ, ACTH, and S-100. Double immunostaining revealed that these large eosinophilic cells showed coexpression of PRL and TSHβ, PRL and α subunits, and TSHβ and α subunits. Those results clarified that long-term estrogen administration to female SD rats induced multi-hormone producing neoplastic pituitary nodules that expressed PRL, TSHβ, and α subunits. We studied these neoplastic nodules obtained by laser microdissection to acquire findings similar to those of the immunohistochemical analysis. We consider that this animal model is useful for pathogenesis analyses and therapeutic agent development concerning human multi-hormone producing pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takekoshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Yuzo Yasui
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Chie Inomoto
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kanae Kitatani
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
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17
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Tonelli F, Giudici F, Giusti F, Marini F, Cianferotti L, Nesi G, Brandi ML. A heterozygous frameshift mutation in exon 1 of CDKN1B gene in a patient affected by MEN4 syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:K7-K17. [PMID: 24819502 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) is an autosomal dominant disorder that presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations overlapping with those of MEN1 syndrome. It is caused by inactivating mutations of the CDKN1B gene, encoding for p27(kip1) cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, implicated in cell cycle control. Eight mutations of CDKN1B in MEN4 patients have been published so far. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular basis of a case of MEN1-like syndrome with a neuroendocrine tumor and persistent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). METHODS Clinical, biochemical, and genetic evaluation were undertaken in the proband (a 53-year-old Caucasian woman) and in one 34-year-old son. The proband was operated for recurrent PHPT. Sequence analysis of the MEN1 and CDKN1B genes was performed on constitutional and parathyroid tissue DNA. Staining for p27 was carried out in parathyroid tissue. RESULTS Neither MEN1 mutations nor large deletions encompassing the MEN1 gene on chromosome 11q13.1 could be detected in the proband. A germline frameshift mutation of CDKN1B (371delCT) was revealed, predicted to generate a truncated p27 (CDKN1B) protein. This mutation was confirmed on somatic DNA from the pathological parathyroid tissue, with the retention of the WT allele. CONCLUSIONS We report a germline heterozygote frameshift mutation of the CDKN1B gene in a Caucasian woman with a long clinical history of MEN1-like multiple endocrine tumors, along with the finding of the mutation in her son. This is the first report of positive CDKN1B mutation analysis in a male subject and also the first description of recurrent hyperparathyroidism in MEN4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tonelli
- Surgical UnitBone Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Surgical UnitBone Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Surgical UnitBone Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Marini
- Surgical UnitBone Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Surgical UnitBone Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Surgical UnitBone Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Surgical UnitBone Metabolic Diseases UnitDepartment of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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18
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Fiore APZP, Osaki LH, Gama P. Transforming growth factor β1 increases p27 levels via synthesis and degradation mechanisms in the hyperproliferative gastric epithelium in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101965. [PMID: 25000203 PMCID: PMC4085006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout postnatal development, the gastric epithelium expresses Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGFβ1), but it is also exposed to luminal peptides that are part of milk. During suckling period, fasting promotes the withdrawal of milk-born molecules while it stimulates gastric epithelial cell proliferation. Such response can be reversed by exogenous TGFβ1, as it directly affects cell cycle through the regulation of p27 levels. We used fasting condition to induce the hyperproliferation of gastric epithelial cells in 14-day-old Wistar rats, and evaluated the effects of TGFβ1 gavage on p27 expression, phosphorylation at threonine 187 (phospho-p27Thr187) and degradation. p27 protein level was reduced during fasting when compared to suckling counterparts, while phospho-p27Thr187/p27 ratio was increased. TGFβ1 gavage reversed this response, which was confirmed through immunostaining. By using a neutralizing antibody against TGFβ1, we found that it restored the p27 and phosphorylation levels detected during fasting, indicating the specific role of the growth factor. We noted that neither fasting nor TGFβ1 changed p27 expression, but after cycloheximide administration, we observed that protein synthesis was influenced by TGFβ1. Next, we evaluated the capacity of the gastric mucosa to degrade p27 and we recorded a higher concentration of the remaining protein in pups treated with TGFβ1, suggesting augmented stability under this condition. Thus, we showed for the first time that luminal TGFβ1 increased p27 levels in the rat gastric mucosa by up- regulating translation and reducing protein degradation. We concluded that such mechanisms might be used by rapidly proliferating cells to respond to milk-born TGFβ1 and food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Z. P. Fiore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Luciana H. Osaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Patricia Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Qiu M, Bao W, Wang J, Yang T, He X, Liao Y, Wan X. FOXA1 promotes tumor cell proliferation through AR involving the Notch pathway in endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:78. [PMID: 24512546 PMCID: PMC3926330 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is frequently dysregulated in many types of human cancers. However, the exact function and mechanism of FOXA1 in human endometrial cancer (EC) remains unclear. Methods FOXA1 expression, androgen receptor (AR) expression, and the relationships of these two markers with clinicopathological factors were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. FOXA1 and AR were up-regulated by transient transfection with plasmids, and were down-regulated by transfection with siRNA or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The effects of FOXA1 depletion and FOXA1 overexpression on AR-mediated transcription as well as Notch pathway and their impact on EC cell proliferation were examined by qRT-PCR, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-PCR, MTT, colony-formation, and xenograft tumor–formation assays. Results We found that the expression of FOXA1 and AR in ECs was significantly higher than that in a typical hyperplasia and normal tissues. FOXA1 expression was significantly correlated with AR expression in clinical tissues. High FOXA1 levels positively correlated with pathological grade and depth of myometrial invasion in EC. High AR levels also positively correlated with pathological grade in EC. Moreover, the expression of XBP1, MYC, ZBTB16, and UHRF1, which are downstream targets of AR, was promoted by FOXA1 up-regulation or inhibited by FOXA1 down-regulation. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that FOXA1 interacted with AR in EC cells. ChIP-PCR assays showed that FOXA1 and AR could directly bind to the promoter and enhancer regions upstream of MYC. Mechanistic investigation revealed that over-expression of Notch1 and Hes1 proteins by FOXA1 could be reversed by AR depletion. In addition, we showed that down-regulation of AR attenuated FOXA1-up-regulated cell proliferation. However, AR didn’t influence the promotion effect of FOXA1 on cell migration and invasion. In vivo xenograft model, FOXA1 knockdown reduced the rate of tumor growth. Conclusions These results suggest that FOXA1 promotes cell proliferation by AR and activates Notch pathway. It indicated that FOXA1 and AR may serve as potential gene therapy in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
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Fiandalo MV, Kyprianou N. p27 Stands-up-to-cancer: UPS nuclear service stops. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3970-3. [PMID: 24141996 PMCID: PMC3800759 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Fiandalo
- Combs Cancer Research Building, Room 306, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.
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Pavlides SC, Huang KT, Reid DA, Wu L, Blank SV, Mittal K, Guo L, Rothenberg E, Rueda B, Cardozo T, Gold LI. Inhibitors of SCF-Skp2/Cks1 E3 ligase block estrogen-induced growth stimulation and degradation of nuclear p27kip1: therapeutic potential for endometrial cancer. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4030-45. [PMID: 24035998 PMCID: PMC3800755 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In many human cancers, the tumor suppressor, p27(kip1) (p27), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor critical to cell cycle arrest, undergoes perpetual ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation by the E3 ligase complex SCF-Skp2/Cks1 and/or cytoplasmic mislocalization. Lack of nuclear p27 causes aberrant cell cycle progression, and cytoplasmic p27 mediates cell migration/metastasis. We previously showed that mitogenic 17-β-estradiol (E2) induces degradation of p27 by the E3 ligase Skp1-Cullin1-F-Box- S phase kinase-associated protein2/cyclin dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1 in primary endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial carcinoma (ECA) cell lines, suggesting a pathogenic mechanism for type I ECA, an E2-induced cancer. The current studies show that treatment of endometrial carcinoma cells-1 (ECC-1) with small molecule inhibitors of Skp2/Cks1 E3 ligase activity (Skp2E3LIs) stabilizes p27 in the nucleus, decreases p27 in the cytoplasm, and prevents E2-induced proliferation and degradation of p27 in endometrial carcinoma cells-1 and primary ECA cells. Furthermore, Skp2E3LIs increase p27 half-life by 6 hours, inhibit cell proliferation (IC50, 14.3μM), block retinoblastoma protein (pRB) phosphorylation, induce G1 phase block, and are not cytotoxic. Similarly, using super resolution fluorescence localization microscopy and quantification, Skp2E3LIs increase p27 protein in the nucleus by 1.8-fold. In vivo, injection of Skp2E3LIs significantly increases nuclear p27 and reduces proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by 42%-62% in ovariectomized E2-primed mice. Skp2E3LIs are specific inhibitors of proteolytic degradation that pharmacologically target the binding interaction between the E3 ligase, SCF-Skp2/Cks1, and p27 to stabilize nuclear p27 and prevent cell cycle progression. These targeted inhibitors have the potential to be an important therapeutic advance over general proteasome inhibitors for cancers characterized by SCF-Skp2/Cks1-mediated destruction of nuclear p27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas C Pavlides
- PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NB17E4, New York, NY 10016.
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Gummlich L, Rabien A, Jung K, Dubiel W. Deregulation of the COP9 signalosome–cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase pathway: Mechanisms and roles in urological cancers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1327-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Osaki LH, Gama P. MAPK signaling pathway regulates p27 phosphorylation at threonin 187 as part of the mechanism triggered by early-weaning to induce cell proliferation in rat gastric mucosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66651. [PMID: 23762493 PMCID: PMC3676350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During rat postnatal development, gastric cell proliferation and differentiation depend on many elements, which include dietary pattern, hormones, growth factors and their signaling pathways. Among them, EGFR activity is increased through MAPK and Src cascades in response to early weaning that represents the abrupt transition from milk to solid food. We herein investigated the direct involvement of ERK pathway in the control of cell cycle progression during early weaning, and studied the specific role of p27. At 15 days, Wistar rats were separated from dams, fed with powdered chow and daily injected with PD98059 (MEK inhibitor, 300 µg/kg) or 0.5% DMSO (control). By using HE staining and immunohistochemistry for PCNA, we respectively detected mitotic (MI) and proliferative (PI) indices in 18-day-old pups, and observed that both were reduced by PD98059. As cell cycle-related proteins (cyclin E, CDK2, cyclin D1, CDK4, p21 and p27) are involved in proliferative regulation, we compared samples obtained at 17 days in the morning (17 d) and evening (17.5 d). We found that they were not altered after ERK inhibition, but cyclin D1, p21 and p27 levels changed throughout the day in the control group. As p27 activity depends on its integrity, we studied p27 phosphorylation (threonin 187), and observed that ERK inhibition reduced this process. We suggest that MAPK pathway interferes in the regulation of p27 function in the gastric mucosa during early weaning, possibly by controlling its degradation, and altogether this mechanism might contribute to the increase of epithelial proliferation at this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana H Osaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Osaki LH, Gama P. MAPKs and signal transduction in the control of gastrointestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10143-61. [PMID: 23670595 PMCID: PMC3676833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated by several stimuli and transduce the signal inside cells, generating diverse responses including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Each MAPK cascade comprises a series of molecules, and regulation takes place at different levels. They communicate with each other and with additional pathways, creating a signaling network that is important for cell fate determination. In this review, we focus on ERK, JNK, p38 and ERK5, the major MAPKs, and their interactions with PI3K-Akt, TGFβ/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. More importantly, we describe how MAPKs regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the rapidly renewing epithelia that lines the gastrointestinal tract and, finally, we highlight the recent findings on nutritional aspects that affect MAPK transduction cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana H Osaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Khattar V, Thottassery JV. Cks1: Structure, Emerging Roles and Implications in Multiple Cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:1341-1354. [PMID: 24563807 PMCID: PMC3930463 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.48159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of the cell cycle results in loss of normal control mechanisms that prevent aberrant cell proliferation and cancer progression. Regulation of the cell cycle is a highly complex process with many layers of control. One of these mechanisms involves timely degradation of CDK inhibitors (CKIs) like p27Kip1 by the ubiquitin proteasomal system (UPS). Cks1 is a 9 kDa protein which is frequently overexpressed in different tumor subtypes, and has pleiotropic roles in cell cycle progression, many of which remain to be fully characterized. One well characterized molecular role of Cks1 is that of an essential adaptor that regulates p27Kip1 abundance by facilitating its interaction with the SCF-Skp2 E3 ligase which appends ubiquitin to p27Kip1 and targets it for degradation through the UPS. In addition, emerging research has uncovered p27Kip1-independent roles of Cks1 which have provided crucial insights into how it may be involved in cancer progression. We review here the structural features of Cks1 and their functional implications, and also some recently identified Cks1 roles and their involvement in breast and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaideep V Thottassery
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, USA ; University of Alabama Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, USA
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