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Liao TL, Chen IC, Chen HW, Tang KT, Huang WN, Chen YH, Chen YM. Exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for viral replication in tofacitinib-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients with hepatitis C. Sci Rep 2024; 14:937. [PMID: 38195767 PMCID: PMC10776842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding recent advances in direct antiviral specialists (DAAs) for hepatitis C infection (HCV), it is yet a pervasive overall issue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with HCV infection. However, it remains unknown how miRNAs respond following biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) and targeted synthetic DMARD (tsDMARD) treatment in HCV patients with RA. We prospectively recruited RA patients taking anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors rituximab (RTX) and tofacitinib. The serum hepatitis C viral load was measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR before and 6 months after bDMARD and tsDMARD therapy. HCV RNA replication activity was measured using an HCV-tricistronic replicon reporter system, and quantitative analysis of hsa-mir-122-5p and hsa-mir-155-5p in patients was performed using quantitative PCR. HCV RNA replication in hepatocytes was not affected by tofacitinib or TNF-α inhibitor treatment. Hsa-mir-155-5p and hsa-mir-122-5p were significantly expanded in RA patients with HCV as compared with those without HCV. We observed a dramatic increase in hsa-mir-122-5p and a decrease in hsa-mir-155-5p expression levels in patients taking RTX in comparison with other treatments. Finally, a reduction in hsa-mir-122-5p and an increase in hsa-mir-155-5p were observed in a time-dependent manner after tofacitinib and DAA therapy in RA-HCV patients. These results showed that hsa-mir-155-5p and hsa-mir-122-5p were significantly increased in RA-HCV patients as compared with those without HCV after taking tofacitinib. Hsa-mir-155-5p and hsa-mir-122-5p may be potential biomarkers for treatment efficacy in RA patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Nan Huang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung, 407, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Cavallone D, Ornos EDB, Ricco G, Oliveri F, Coco B, Colombatto P, De Rosa L, Dalmacio LMM, Bonino F, Brunetto MR. The Circulating miRNA Profile of Chronic Hepatitis D and B Patients Is Comparable but Differs from That of Individuals with HBeAg-Negative HBV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2257. [PMID: 38005933 PMCID: PMC10675264 DOI: 10.3390/v15112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs circulating in whole serum and HBsAg-particles are differentially expressed in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBeAg-negative-HBV infection (ENI); their profiles are unknown in chronic hepatitis D (CHD). Serum- and HBsAg-associated miRNAs were analyzed in 75 subjects of 3 well-characterized groups (CHB 25, CHD 25, ENI 25) using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Overall miRNA profiles were consonant in serum and HBsAg-particles but significantly different according to the presence of hepatitis independently of Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)-co-infection. Stringent (Bonferroni Correction < 0.001) differential expression analysis showed 39 miRNAs upregulated in CHB vs. ENI and 31 of them also in CHD vs. ENI. miRNA profiles were coincident in CHB and CHD with only miR-200a-3p upregulated in CHB. Three miRNAs (miR-625-3p, miR-142-5p, and miR-223-3p) involved in immune response were upregulated in ENI. All 3 hepatocellular miRNAs of MiR-B-Index (miR-122-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-192-5p) were overexpressed in both CHB and CHD patients. In conclusion, CHD and CHB patients showed highly similar serum miRNA profiling that was significantly different from that of individuals with HBeAg-negative infection and without liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cavallone
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Eric David B. Ornos
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato (FIF), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ricco
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Oliveri
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Barbara Coco
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Piero Colombatto
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Laura De Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Leslie Michelle M. Dalmacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines;
| | - Ferruccio Bonino
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Zhang MH, Yuan YF, Liu LJ, Wei YX, Yin WY, Zheng LZY, Tang YY, Lv Z, Zhu F. Dysregulated microRNAs as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4706-4735. [PMID: 37664153 PMCID: PMC10473924 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i31.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development. Early detection of HBV-associated HCC (HBV-HCC) can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Biomarkers are extremely helpful, not only for early diagnosis, but also for the development of therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a subset of non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length, have increasingly attracted scientists' attention due to their potential utility as biomarkers for cancer detection and therapy. HBV profoundly impacts the expression of miRNAs potentially involved in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current progress on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-HCC. From a molecular standpoint, we discuss the mechanism by which HBV regulates miRNAs and investigate the exact effect of miRNAs on the promotion of HCC. In the near future, miRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications will make their way into the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-He Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wan-Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lan-Zhuo-Yin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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4
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Kamiya N, Sugimoto T, Abe-Chayama H, Akiyama R, Tsuboi Y, Mogami A, Imamura M, Hayes CN, Chayama K. Untying relaxed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus by polymerase reaction provides a new option for accurate quantification and visualization of covalently closed circular DNA. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35130138 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small hepatotropic DNA virus that replicates via an RNA intermediate. After entry, the virus capsid carries relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) into the nucleus where the viral genome is converted into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as the template for all viral transcripts. To monitor cccDNA levels, preprocessing methods to eliminate rcDNA have emerged for quantitative PCR, although Southern blotting is still the only method to discriminate cccDNA from other DNA intermediates. In this study, we have established a robust method for untying mature rcDNA into double stranded linear DNA using specific polymerases. Untying rcDNA provides not only an alternative method for cccDNA quantification but also a sensitive method for visualizing cccDNA. We combined this method with plasmid-safe DNase and T5 exonuclease preprocessing and revealed that accurate quantification requires cccDNA digestion by a restriction enzyme because heat stability of cccDNA increases after T5 exonuclease treatment. In digital PCR using duplex TaqMan probes, fewer than 1000 copies of cccDNA were successfully visualized as double positive spots that were distinct from single positives derived from untied rcDNA. This method was further applied to the infection model of primary hepatocytes treated with nucleoside analogues and a core protein allosteric modulator to monitor cccDNA levels. Relative quantification of cccDNA by human genome copy demonstrated the possibility of precise evaluation of cccDNA level per nucleus. These results clearly indicate that the sequential reaction from untying rcDNA is useful to investigate cccDNA fates in a small fraction of nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kamiya
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sugimoto
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tsuboi
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Mogami
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Khan A, Ahsan O, Wei DQ, Ansari JK, Najmi MH, Muhammad K, Waheed Y. Computational Evaluation of Abrogation of HBx-Bcl-xL Complex with High-Affinity Carbon Nanotubes (Fullerene) to Halt the Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Molecules 2021; 26:6433. [PMID: 34770842 PMCID: PMC8587554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the world's most prevalent chronic viral infection. More than 350 million individuals are chronic carriers of the virus, with an estimated 2 billion infected persons. For instance, the role of HBx protein in attachment and infection is very obvious and consequently deemed as an important druggable target. Targeting the interface and discovering novel drugs greatly advanced the field of therapeutics development. Therefore, in the current study, HBx to Bcl-xL is abrogated on high-affinity carbon nanotubes using computational structural biology tools. Our analysis revealed that among the total 62 carbon fullerenes, only 13 compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against HBx, which was further confirmed through IFD-based rescoring. Structural dynamics investigation revealed stable binding, compactness, and hydrogen bonds reprogramming. Moreover, the binding free energy calculation results revealed that the top hits1-4 possess the total binding energy of -54.36 kcal/mol (hit1), -50.81 kcal/mol (hit2), -47.09 kcal/mol (hit3), and -45.59 kcal/mol for hit4. In addition, the predicted KD values and bioactivity scores further validated the inhibitory potential of these top hits. The identified compounds need further in vitro and in vivo validation to aid the treatment process of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, DHA-I, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (O.A.); (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Omar Ahsan
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, DHA-I, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (O.A.); (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Centre on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jawad Khaliq Ansari
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, DHA-I, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (O.A.); (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Muzammil Hasan Najmi
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, DHA-I, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (O.A.); (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, DHA-I, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (O.A.); (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
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6
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Tadokoro T, Morishita A, Masaki T. Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Liver Fibrosis by MicroRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8139. [PMID: 34360904 PMCID: PMC8347497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the treatment and control of hepatitis B and C viral infections. However, fundamental treatments for diseases in which liver fibrosis is a key factor, such as cirrhosis, alcoholic/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, are still under development and remain an unmet medical need. To solve this problem, it is essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in detail from a molecular and cellular perspective and to develop targeted therapeutic agents based on this information. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), functional RNAs of 22 nucleotides, have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. In addition, extracellular vesicles called "exosomes" have been attracting attention, and research is being conducted to establish noninvasive and extremely sensitive biomarkers using miRNAs in exosomes. In this review, we summarize miRNAs directly involved in liver fibrosis, miRNAs associated with diseases leading to liver fibrosis, and miRNAs related to complications of cirrhosis. We will also discuss the efficacy of each miRNA as a biomarker of liver fibrosis and pathology, and its potential application as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (T.T.); (T.M.)
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7
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Vaillant A. HBsAg, Subviral Particles, and Their Clearance in Establishing a Functional Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1351-1368. [PMID: 33302622 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In diverse viral infections, the production of excess viral particles containing only viral glycoproteins (subviral particles or SVP) is commonly observed and is a commonly evolved mechanism for immune evasion. In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, spherical particles contain the hepatitis B surface antigen, outnumber infectious virus 10 000-100 000 to 1, and have diverse inhibitory effects on the innate and adaptive immune response, playing a major role in the chronic nature of HBV infection. The current goal of therapies in development for HBV infection is a clinical outcome called functional cure, which signals a persistent and effective immune control of the infection. Although removal of spherical SVP (and the HBsAg they carry) is an important milestone in achieving functional cure, this outcome is rarely achieved with current therapies due to distinct mechanisms for assembly, secretion, and persistence of SVP, which are poorly targeted by direct acting antivirals or immunotherapies. In this Review, the current understanding of the distinct mechanisms involved in the production and persistence of spherical SVP in chronic HBV infection and their immunoinhibitory activity will be reviewed as well as current therapies in development with the goal of clearing spherical SVP and achieving functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vaillant
- Replicor Inc., 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H8Y 3E6, Canada
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8
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Hu Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Tao S, Zhang X, Liu X, Li X, Jiang X, Huang C, Xu W, Qi X, Chen L, Li Q, Huang Y. Baseline serum exosome-derived miRNAs predict HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4939-4948. [PMID: 33666247 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the value of baseline serum exosome-derived miRNAs for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with peginterferon (Peg-IFN). A total of 120 treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive CHB patients who received Peg-IFN therapy (48 weeks) were enrolled. Next-generation sequencing was performed to screen the serum exosomal miRNAs that were associated with Peg-IFN treatment outcome, and qRT-PCR was used to validate them. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of biomarkers. Thirty-three patients (27.5%) achieved HBeAg seroconversion (response group), and 87 patients (72.5%) did not achieve HBeAg seroconversion (nonresponse group). In the identification cohort, 40 serum exosome-derived miRNAs were differentially expressed between the response group (four patients) and the nonresponse group (four patients). In the confirmation cohort, the expression levels of serum exosomal miR-194-5p (p < .001) and miR-22-3p (p < .001) were significantly downregulated in the response group (29 patients) compared to the nonresponse group (83 patients). Multivariate analysis identified baseline serum exosomal miR-194-5p, miR-22-3p, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HBV DNA as independent predictors of HBeAg seroconversion (all p < .05). The AUROCs of serum exosomal miRNAs (0.77 and 0.75 for miR-194-5p and miR-22-3p, respectively) were higher than that of ALT (0.70) and HBV DNA (0.69). The combination of exosomal miR-194-5p and miR-22-3p further improved the predictive performance with an AUROC of 0.82. Baseline serum exosomal miR-194-5p and miR-22-3p may serve as novel biomarkers to predict HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients treated with Peg-IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Hu
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Tao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhua Jiang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlu Huang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Qi
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Loureiro D, Tout I, Narguet S, Benazzouz SM, Mansouri A, Asselah T. miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Viral Hepatitis B and C. Viruses 2020; 12:E1440. [PMID: 33327640 PMCID: PMC7765125 DOI: 10.3390/v12121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 257 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection and 71 million with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection. Both HBV and HCV infections can lead to liver complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To take care of these chronically infected patients, one strategy is to diagnose the early stage of fibrosis in order to treat them as soon as possible to decrease the risk of HCC development. microRNAs (or miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate many cellular processes in metazoans. Their expressions were frequently modulated by up- or down-regulation during fibrosis progression. In the serum of patients with HBV chronic infection (CHB), miR-122 and miR-185 expressions are increased, while miR-29, -143, -21 and miR-223 expressions are decreased during fibrosis progression. In the serum of patients with HCV chronic infection (CHC), miR-143 and miR-223 expressions are increased, while miR-122 expression is decreased during fibrosis progression. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of principal miRNAs modulation involved in fibrosis progression during chronic hepatitis B/C infections. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose fibrosis with the intention of prioritizing patients with advanced fibrosis for treatment and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tarik Asselah
- Department of Hepatology, Université de Paris, CRI, INSERM UMR 1149, AP-HP Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France; (D.L.); (I.T.); (S.N.); (S.M.B.); (A.M.)
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10
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Wang L, Wang YS, Mugiyanto E, Chang WC, Yvonne Wan YJ. MiR-22 as a metabolic silencer and liver tumor suppressor. LIVER RESEARCH 2020; 4:74-80. [PMID: 33005474 PMCID: PMC7523703 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With obesity rate consistently increasing, a strong relationship between obesity and fatty liver disease has been discovered. More than 90% of bariatric surgery patients also have non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are the hepatic manifestations of metabolic syndrome, can lead to liver carcinogenesis. Unfortunately, there is no effective medicine that can be used to treat NASH or liver cancer. Thus, it is critically important to understand the mechanism underlying the development of these diseases. Extensive evidence suggests that microRNA 22 (miR-22) can be a diagnostic marker for liver diseases as well as a treatment target. This review paper focuses on the roles of miR-22 in metabolism, steatosis, and liver carcinogenesis. Literature search is limited based on the publications included in the PubMed database in the recent 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA,The College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei
| | - Yu-Shiuan Wang
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Eko Mugiyanto
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA,Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA. (Y.-J.Y. Wan)
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11
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Iacob DG, Rosca A, Ruta SM. Circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for hepatitis B virus liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1113-1127. [PMID: 32231417 PMCID: PMC7093315 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i11.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can alter the expression of host microRNAs (MiRNA s) and modulate the immune response during a persistent infection. The dysregulation of host MiRNA s by hepatitis B virus (HBV) contributes to the proinflammatory and profibrotic changes within the liver. Multiple studies have documented the differential regulation of intracellular and circulating MiRNA s during different stages of HBV infection. Circulating MiRNA s found in plasma and/or extracellular vesicles can integrate data on viral-host interactions and on the associated liver injury. Hence, the detection of circulating MiRNA s in chronic HBV hepatitis could offer a promising alternative to liver biopsy, as their expression is associated with HBV replication, the progression of liver fibrosis, and the outcome of antiviral treatment. The current review explores the available data on miRNA involvement in HBV pathogenesis with an emphasis on their potential use as biomarkers for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Infectious Diseases Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Adelina Rosca
- Virology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Viral Emerging Diseases Department, Ștefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Simona Maria Ruta
- Virology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Viral Emerging Diseases Department, Ștefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
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12
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Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111819. [PMID: 31752356 PMCID: PMC6895787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a well-known complication in patients with hematological malignancies during or after cytotoxic chemotherapy. If the initiation of antiviral therapy is delayed in patients with HBV reactivation, these patients can develop severe hepatitis and may die of fulminant hepatitis. The preventive strategy for HBV reactivation in patients with malignant lymphoma has already been established based on some prospective studies. As there was an increased number of novel agents being approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), the number of reported cases of HBV reactivation among MM patients has gradually increased. We conducted a Japanese nationwide retrospective study and revealed that HBV reactivation in MM patients is not rare and that autologous stem cell transplantation is a significant risk factor. In this study, around 20% of all patients with HBV reactivation developed HBV reactivation after 2 years from the initiation of therapy, unlike malignant lymphoma. This might be due to the fact that almost all of the patients received chemotherapy for a long duration. Therefore, a new strategy for the prevention of HBV reactivation in MM patients is required.
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13
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Ouyang Y, Fu X, Peng S, Tan D, Fu L. Plasma miR-146a predicts serological conversion of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleotide analogs. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:449. [PMID: 31700885 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the association of plasma miR-146a with serological conversion of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with nucleotide analogs (NAs). Methods This was a retrospective study of 115 HBeAg-positive patients with CHB treated at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, between September 2009 and March 2014. Patients were grouped according to whether they had achieved seroconversion of HBeAg by 104 weeks of NAs treatment. We assessed plasma miR-146a using miScript polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer, HBeAg titer, and plasma miR-146a were measured at 0, 24, 48, and 104 weeks of treatment. Finally, we also determined ΔmiR-146a24w and ΔmiR-146a48w. Results ΔmiR-146a48w was independently associated with seroconversion of HBeAg at 104 weeks [odds ratio (OR) =1.302; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.159-1.962; P=0.029]. We obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of ΔmiR-14648w of 0.757 for seroconversion of HBeAg (P=0.013). At the optimal cutoff value equivalent to a Youden index of 67.9%, the specificity and sensitivity of ΔmiR-14648w were 63.7% and 88.3%, respectively. Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were 70.87% and 84.48%, respectively. Conclusions ΔmiR-146a48w was independently associated with seroconversion of HBeAg in CHB patients treated with NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Deming Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
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14
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Asgharzade S, Alghasi A, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Adnani Sadati SJ, Moradi MT. MicroRNA-122 in patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:789-796. [PMID: 31392060 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2019.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is known as a serious problem in the domain of public health and approximately 350 million people across the world are affected with this infectious disease. As well, microRNAs are recognized as a type of small non-coding RNAs that can be widely used as a diagnostic biomarker and prognosis method of special diseases. In this respect, microRNA-122 or miR-122 can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of several hepatic diseases. Given the importance of microRNA-122 in the liver as well as its pathology, this study focused on the potential functions of microRNA-122 in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of HBV infection. In this regard, the findings of previous studies had indicated that expression of microRNA-122 in patients with HBV infection could be significantly deregulated. The results of this study were consistent with the idea that diagnosis and treatment of this infectious disease using microRNA-122 could be an efficient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arash Alghasi
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Moradi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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15
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Makokha GN, Abe-Chayama H, Chowdhury S, Hayes CN, Tsuge M, Yoshima T, Ishida Y, Zhang Y, Uchida T, Tateno C, Akiyama R, Chayama K. Regulation of the Hepatitis B virus replication and gene expression by the multi-functional protein TARDBP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8462. [PMID: 31186504 PMCID: PMC6560085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects the liver and is a key risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of host factors that support viral replication is important to understand mechanisms of viral replication and to develop new therapeutic strategies. We identified TARDBP as a host factor that regulates HBV. Silencing or knocking out the protein in HBV infected cells severely impaired the production of viral replicative intermediates, mRNAs, proteins, and virions, whereas ectopic expression of TARDBP rescued production of these products. Mechanistically, we found that the protein binds to the HBV core promoter, as shown by chromatin precipitation as well as mutagenesis and protein-DNA interaction assays. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we also found that TARDBP binds to a number of other proteins known to support the HBV life cycle, including NPM1, PARP1, Hsp90, HNRNPC, SFPQ, PTBP1, HNRNPK, and PUF60. Interestingly, given its key role as a regulator of RNA splicing, we found that TARDBP has an inhibitory role on pregenomic RNA splicing, which might help the virus to export its non-canonical RNAs from the nucleus without being subjected to unwanted splicing, even though mRNA nuclear export is normally closely tied to RNA splicing. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TARDBP is involved in multiple steps of HBV replication via binding to both HBV DNA and RNA. The protein's broad interactome suggests that TARDBP may function as part of a RNA-binding scaffold involved in HBV replication and that the interaction between these proteins might be a target for development of anti-HBV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
- Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sajeda Chowdhury
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Yoshima
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
- Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., 3-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., 3-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Rie Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan.
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima, Japan.
- Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, 734-8551, Japan.
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16
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Interferon-stimulated gene of 20 kDa protein (ISG20) degrades RNA of hepatitis B virus to impede the replication of HBV in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68179-68193. [PMID: 27626689 PMCID: PMC5356548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) barely induces host interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), which allows efficient HBV replication in the immortalized mouse hepatocytes as per human hepatocytes. Here we found that transfection of Isg20 plasmid robustly inhibits the HBV replication in HBV-infected hepatocytes irrespective of IRF3 or IFN promoter activation. Transfection of Isg20 is thus effective to eradicate HBV in the infected hepatocytes. Transfection of HBV genome or ε-stem of HBV pgRNA (active pgRNA moiety) failed to induce Isg20 in the hepatocytes, while control polyI:C (a viral dsRNA analogue mimic) activated MAVS pathway leading to production of type I IFN and then ISGsg20 via the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR). Consistently, addition of IFN-α induced Isg20 and partially suppressed HBV replication in hepatocytes. Chasing HBV RNA, DNA and proteins by blotting indicated that ISG20 expression decreased HBV RNA and replicative DNA in HBV-transfected cells, which resulted in low HBs antigen production and virus titer. The exonuclease domains of ISG20 mainly participated in HBV-RNA decay. In vivo hydrodynamic injection, ISG20 was crucial for suppressing HBV replication without degrading host RNA in the liver. Taken together, ISG20 acts as an innate anti-HBV effector that selectively degrades HBV RNA and blocks replication of infectious HBV particles. ISG20 would be a critical effector for ameliorating chronic HBV infection in the IFN therapy.
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17
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Dai CY, Tsai YS, Chou WW, Liu T, Huang CF, Wang SC, Tsai PC, Yeh ML, Hsieh MY, Huang CI, Vanson Liu SY, Huang JF, Chuang WL, Yu ML. The IL-6/STAT3 pathway upregulates microRNA-125b expression in hepatitis C virus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11291-11302. [PMID: 29541414 PMCID: PMC5834265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b) has been found to regulate inflammation and acts as an oncogene in many cancers. The mechanisms of miR-125b expression during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remain to be clarified. The present study aims to identify the factors that might regulate miR-125b expression in HCV infection. RESULTS High expression of miR-125b was found to correlate with HCV infection in replicon cells and in sera from HCV-infected patients, whereas the miR-125b inhibitor reduced HCV gene expression. The interleukin 6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway plays an inducible effect on miR-125b gene expression. STAT3 siRNA or inhibitor could reduce HCV replication. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCV replicon cells Con1 (type 1b) and Huh7/Ava5 (type 1b) were treated with 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B (HJB) or STAT3 siRNA. Cell viability assay and Renilla Luciferase Assay were used. Fragments of the miR-125b-1 promoter were constructed for the luciferase reporter assay. PSMB8, PSMB9, miR-125b-1, and miR-125b-2 expression was determined using TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays. Western blot analysis was performed to assess protein abundance. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates a novel pathway for miR-125b in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection and suggests it as a possible target for treating HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Chou
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tawei Liu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Vanson Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Wang G, Dong F, Xu Z, Sharma S, Hu X, Chen D, Zhang L, Zhang J, Dong Q. MicroRNA profile in HBV-induced infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:805. [PMID: 29191172 PMCID: PMC5709924 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit essential regulatory functions related to cell growth, apoptosis, development and differentiation. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs is associated with a wide variety of human diseases. As such miRNA signatures are valuable as biomarkers for disease and for making treatment decisions. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we screened for miRNAs in chronic HBV associated HCC. Methods To determine the miRNAs in HCC occurrence associated with HBV infection, we analyzed global miRNA expression profiles in 12 pairs of HCC and adjacent matched non-HCC tissues from HBV-positive and HBV-negative patients using microarray analyses. The microarray result was validated by real-time PCR in 32 HBV-positive and 24 HBV-negative patient HCC samples. The potential candidate target genes of the miRNAs were predicted by miRWalk software. Genes simultaneously predicted as targets by two or more miRNAs were subjected to GO and KEGG pathway analysis. The miRNA regulatory network analysis was performed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Results Eight miRNAs (miR-223, miR-98, miR-15b, miR-199a-5p, miR-19b, miR-22, miR-451, and miR-101) were involved in HBV-unrelated HCC, 5 miRNAs (miR-98, miR-375, miR-335, miR-199a-5p, and miR-22) were involved in HBV infection, and 7 miRNAs (miR-150, miR-342-3p, miR-663, miR-20b, miR-92a-3p, miR-376c-3p and miR-92b) were specifically altered in HBV-related HCC. Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses predict that these HBV-related HCC miRNAs are involved in the regulation of: transcription, RNA polymerase II promoter, phosphorylation of proteins through MAPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton. IPA analysis also suggest that these miRNAs act on AGO2, TP53, CCND1, and 11 other genes that significantly influence HCC occurrence and HBV infection. Conclusion Our data indicates that the unique 7 miRNAs expression signature could be involved in the development HBV- related HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3816-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fulu Dong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyao Xu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sherven Sharma
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Key Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qinghua Dong
- Key Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
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19
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Tsukune Y, Sasaki M, Odajima T, Sunami K, Takei T, Moriuchi Y, Iino M, Isoda A, Nakaya A, Muta T, Miyake T, Miyazaki K, Shimizu T, Nakajima K, Igarashi A, Nagafuji K, Kurihara T, Aoyama T, Sugimori H, Komatsu N. Incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma in an era with novel agents: a nationwide retrospective study in Japan. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:631. [PMID: 29167420 PMCID: PMC5802507 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-017-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tsukune
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Odajima
- Faculty of Health Science, Daito Bunka University, School of Sports and Health Science, Higashi-Matsuyama, Saitama, 355-8501, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sunami
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Okayama, 701-1192, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takei
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Moriuchi
- Department of Hematology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, 857-0056, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Iino
- Department of Hematology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Atsushi Isoda
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, 377-0280, Japan
| | - Aya Nakaya
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Muta
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, Kita-Kyusyu, Fukuoka, 806-8501, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyake
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Miyazaki
- Department of Transfusion and Cell Transplantation, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimizu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Aiko Igarashi
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Taro Kurihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugimori
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Daito Bunka University, Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Higashi-Matsuyama, Saitama, 355-8501, Japan
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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20
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Li J, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang W, Wu M, Shi B, Zhang X, Kozlowski M, Hu Y, Yuan Z. Circulating miR-210 and miR-22 combined with ALT predict the virological response to interferon-alpha therapy of CHB patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15658. [PMID: 29142236 PMCID: PMC5688172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is constrained by limited response and side effects. We described a panel of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) which could potentially predict outcome of IFN-α therapy. Here, we report development of a simplified scoring model for personalized treatment of CHB patients. 112 CHB patients receiving IFN-α treatment were randomly divided into a training (n = 75) or a validation group (n = 37). The expression of 15 candidate miRNAs was detected in training group with 5 miRNAs exhibiting significantly different levels (p < 0.0001) between early virological response (EVR) and non-early virological response (N-EVR). These 5 miRNAs were further tested in validation phase. Refinement analyses of results from training phase established a model composed of miR-210, miR-22 and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.874 and 0.816 in training and validation groups, respectively. In addition, this model showed prognostic value for sustained virological response (SVR) (AUC = 0.821). Collectively, this simplified scoring model composed of miR-210, miR-22 and ALT can reproducibly predict the EVR and SVR of IFN-α therapy in CHB patients. The model should help to forecast the outcome of IFN-α treatment prior to therapy decision involving nucleoside analogs or IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanqing Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bisheng Shi
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Maya Kozlowski
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwen Hu
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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van der Ree MH, Jansen L, Kruize Z, van Nuenen AC, van Dort KA, Takkenberg RB, Reesink HW, Kootstra NA. Plasma MicroRNA Levels Are Associated With Hepatitis B e Antigen Status and Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1421-1429. [PMID: 28368488 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) modulates microRNA (miRNA) expression to support viral replication. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs associated with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status and response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) , and to assess if these miRNAs are actively secreted by hepatoma cells. Methods Plasma miRNA levels were measured by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in healthy controls (n = 10) and pretreatment samples of an identification cohort (n = 24) and a confirmation cohort (n = 64) of CHB patients treated with peginterferon/nucleotide analogue combination therapy. Levels of HBV-associated miRNAs were measured in cells, extracellular vesicles, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles of hepatoma cell lines. Results HBeAg-positive patients had higher plasma levels of miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-193b-3p, and miR-194-5p compared to HBeAg-negative patients, and levels of these miRNAs were associated with HBV DNA and HBsAg levels. Pretreatment plasma levels of miR-301a-3p and miR-145-5p were higher in responders (combined response or HBsAg loss) compared to nonresponders. miR-192-5p, miR-193b-3p, and miR-194-5p were present in extracellular vesicles and HBsAg particles derived from hepatoma cells. Conclusions We identified miRNAs that are associated with HBeAg status, levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg, and treatment response in CHB patients. We demonstrated that several of these miRNAs are present in extracellular vesicles and HBsAg particles secreted by hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike H van der Ree
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and.,Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Jansen
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and.,Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zita Kruize
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad C van Nuenen
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel A van Dort
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and.,Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Nakamura M, Kanda T, Jiang X, Haga Y, Takahashi K, Wu S, Yasui S, Nakamoto S, Yokosuka O. Serum microRNA-122 and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein are useful tools for liquid biopsy of the patients with hepatitis B virus and advanced liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177302. [PMID: 28475652 PMCID: PMC5419651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive methods to accurately and conveniently evaluate liver fibrosis are desirable. MicroRNA (miR) is one of the candidates. MiRs are small RNAs consisting of 19–25 nucleotides that negatively regulate many target genes at transcriptional levels. Recently, many researchers have focused on circulating miRs in the blood stream as biomarkers. Hepatic miR-122 has been reported to have an association with viral replication and hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatic C virus (HCV) infection. Methods We measured serum miR-122 levels in HBV- and HCV-infected patients confirmed with liver biopsy. We also investigated a novel liver fibrosis marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein [WFA(+)-M2BP]. We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of these markers in hepatic fibrosis and inflammation of patients with chronic viral infection. Results The serum miR-122 levels of HBV-infected patients were higher than those of the control subjects. In HBV-infected patients, the serum miR-122 levels of patients with advanced liver fibrosis were significantly lower. Serum WFA(+)-M2BP was significantly higher dependent on both the staging of fibrosis and the grading of inflammatory activity in patients with both HBV and HCV infection. We also observed that higher serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels augmented the prediction of advanced liver fibrosis among HBV-infected patients with lower serum miR-122 levels. Conclusions A lower serum miR-122 level is a useful predictor of advanced liver fibrosis in HBV-infected patients. Serum WFA(+)-M2BP could predict liver fibrosis in both HBV and HCV infection. The combination of these markers may result in the more accurate evaluation of liver fibrosis in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Funabashi Chuo Hospital, Funabashi, Japan
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23
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Kong Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Li N, Zhu Z, Zhang A, Liu J, Ye F, Lin S. Relationship between the mechanism of hepatitis B virus father-infant transmission and pregnancy outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 295:253-257. [PMID: 27873053 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the relationship between the mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) father-infant transmission via reproductive cells and pregnancy outcome. METHODS Abandoned in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos of fathers with chronic HBV infection were taken as study objects. HBV mRNA in embryos was detected, and successfully transplanted embryos were followed up to determine the relationship between HBV-infected embryos and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS HBV mRNA signals were detected in one embryo in the group with HBV-positive fathers; the positive rate was 1/18 (5.5%). IVF embryos of HBV-positive fathers with HBV mRNA signals were successfully implanted, but early abortion occurred. CONCLUSIONS HBV mRNA was found in abandoned IVF embryos of HBV-infected fathers, which confirmed that HBV could not only enter early cleavage embryos via sperm but also replicate in embryos, resulting in HBV father-infant transmission. HBV may interfere with embryonic development and thus affect pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Reproductive Center, Shaanxi Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zirong Zhu
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Aiyun Zhang
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianxue Liu
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Shumei Lin
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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24
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Kouwaki T, Fukushima Y, Daito T, Sanada T, Yamamoto N, Mifsud EJ, Leong CR, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Kohara M, Matsumoto M, Seya T, Oshiumi H. Extracellular Vesicles Including Exosomes Regulate Innate Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:335. [PMID: 27630638 PMCID: PMC5005343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is essential for controlling viral infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistently infects human hepatocytes and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the innate immune response to HBV infection in vivo remains unclear. Using a tree shrew animal model, we showed that HBV infection induced hepatic interferon (IFN)-γ expression during early infection. Our in vitro study demonstrated that hepatic NK cells produced IFN-γ in response to HBV only in the presence of hepatic F4/80+ cells. Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from HBV-infected hepatocytes contained viral nucleic acids and induced NKG2D ligand expression in macrophages by stimulating MyD88, TICAM-1, and MAVS-dependent pathways. In addition, depletion of exosomes from EVs markedly reduced NKG2D ligand expression, suggesting the importance of exosomes for NK cell activation. In contrast, infection of hepatocytes with HBV increased immunoregulatory microRNA levels in EVs and exosomes, which were transferred to macrophages, thereby suppressing IL-12p35 mRNA expression in macrophages to counteract the host innate immune response. IFN-γ increased the hepatic expression of DDX60 and augmented the DDX60-dependent degradation of cytoplasmic HBV RNA. Our results elucidated the crucial role of exosomes in antiviral innate immune response against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Kouwaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yoshimi Fukushima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Takuji Daito
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University , Kita-Ku, Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Edin J Mifsud
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University , Kita-Ku, Sapporo , Japan
| | - Chean Ring Leong
- Section of Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) MICET , Melaka , Malaysia
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Kagoshima University , Korimoto, Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Kita-Ku, Sapporo , Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Kita-Ku, Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan; Laboratory for Biologics Development, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan; JST, PREST, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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25
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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:280. [PMID: 26927063 PMCID: PMC4813144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and α-fetoprotein, provide insight into liver function and are used during treatment of liver disease, but such information is limited. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often not detected until an advanced stage, more sensitive biomarkers may help to achieve earlier detection. Serum also contains microRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression. miR-122 is specific to the liver and correlates strongly with liver enzyme levels and necroinflammatory activity, and other microRNAs are correlated with the degree of fibrosis. miR-122 has also been found to be required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, whereas other microRNAs have been shown to play antiviral roles. miR-125a-5p and miR-1231 have been shown to directly target hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts, and others are up- or down-regulated in infected individuals. MicroRNA profiles also differ in the case of HBV and HCV infection as well as between HBeAg-positive and negative patients, and in patients with occult versus active HBV infection. In such patients, monitoring of changes in microRNA profiles might provide earlier warning of neoplastic changes preceding HCC.
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26
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Louten J, Beach M, Palermino K, Weeks M, Holenstein G. MicroRNAs Expressed during Viral Infection: Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Considerations. Biomark Insights 2016; 10:25-52. [PMID: 26819546 PMCID: PMC4718089 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s29512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short sequences of noncoding single-stranded RNAs that exhibit inhibitory effects on complementary target mRNAs. Recently, it has been discovered that certain viruses express their own miRNAs, while other viruses activate the transcription of cellular miRNAs for their own benefit. This review summarizes the viral and/or cellular miRNAs that are transcribed during infection, with a focus on the biomarker and therapeutic potential of miRNAs (or their antagomirs). Several human viruses of clinical importance are discussed, namely, herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Louten
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Michael Beach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Kristina Palermino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Maria Weeks
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Holenstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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27
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Sarkar N, Chakravarty R. Hepatitis B Virus Infection, MicroRNAs and Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17746-62. [PMID: 26247932 PMCID: PMC4581219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) attacks the liver and can cause both acute as well as chronic liver diseases which might lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Regardless of the availability of a vaccine and numerous treatment options, HBV is a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of gene function. Studies on the role of miRNA in the regulation of hepatitis B virus gene expression have been the focus of modern antiviral research. miRNAs can regulate viral replication and pathogenesis in a number of different ways, which includefacilitation, direct or indirect inhibition, activation of immune response, epigenetic modulation, etc. Nevertheless, these mechanisms can appropriately be used with a diagnosticand/or therapeutic approach. The present review is an attempt to classify specific miRNAs that are reported to be associated with various aspects of hepatitis B biology, in order to precisely present the participation of individual miRNAs in multiple aspects relating to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata-700010, India.
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata-700010, India.
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28
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Lamontagne J, Steel LF, Bouchard MJ. Hepatitis B virus and microRNAs: Complex interactions affecting hepatitis B virus replication and hepatitis B virus-associated diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7375-7399. [PMID: 26139985 PMCID: PMC4481434 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With nearly 750000 deaths yearly, hepatocellular carcinoma is the second highest cause of cancer-related death in the world. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of HBV-associated HCC remain incompletely understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small non-coding RNAs that play a role primarily in post-transcriptional gene regulation, have been recognized as important regulators of cellular homeostasis, and altered regulation of miRNA expression has been suggested to play a significant role in virus-associated diseases and the development of many cancers. With this in mind, many groups have begun to investigate the relationship between miRNAs and HBV replication and HBV-associated disease. Multiple findings suggest that some miRNAs, such as miR-122, and miR-125 and miR-199 family members, are playing a role in HBV replication and HBV-associated disease, including the development of HBV-associated HCC. In this review, we discuss the current state of our understanding of the relationship between HBV and miRNAs, including how HBV affects cellular miRNAs, how these miRNAs impact HBV replication, and the relationship between HBV-mediated miRNA regulation and HCC development. We also address the impact of challenges in studying HBV, such as the lack of an effective model system for infectivity and a reliance on transformed cell lines, on our understanding of the relationship between HBV and miRNAs, and propose potential applications of miRNA-related techniques that could enhance our understanding of the role miRNAs play in HBV replication and HBV-associated disease, ultimately leading to new therapeutic options and improved patient outcomes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Therapy
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/growth & development
- Hepatitis B virus/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/therapy
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Virus Replication
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29
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Long noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 predicts poor patient prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 53:2016-2028. [PMID: 25835973 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as novel regulators in the cancer paradigm. However, investigation of lncRNAs on GC is still in its infancy. In this study, we focused on lncRNA SPRY4 intronic transcript 1 (SPRY4-IT1) and investigated its expression pattern, clinical significance, biological function, and molecular mechanism in GC. SPRY4-IT1 expression was examined, and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis was analyzed. A series of assays were performed to understand the role of SPRY4-IT1 in GC. SPRY4-IT1 expression was elevated in GC tissues and cell lines, and SPRY4-IT1 levels were highly positively correlated with tumor size, invasion depth, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and reduced overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). A multivariate analysis showed that SPRY4-IT1 expression is an independent prognostic factor of OS and DFS in patients with GC. Additionally, the results of in vitro assays showed that the suppression of SPRY4-IT1 expression in GC cell line MKN-45 significantly reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration/invasion. Moreover, the tumorigenic effects of SPRY4-IT1 were partially mediated by the regulation of certain cyclins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-related genes. Our data suggest that SPRY4-IT1 plays a critical role in GC tumorigenesis and may represent a novel prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in patients with GC.
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30
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Anadol E, Schierwagen R, Elfimova N, Tack K, Schwarze-Zander C, Eischeid H, Noetel A, Boesecke C, Jansen C, Dold L, Wasmuth JC, Strassburg CP, Spengler U, Rockstroh JK, Odenthal M, Trebicka J. Circulating microRNAs as a marker for liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus patients. Hepatology 2015; 61:46-55. [PMID: 25125218 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis virus coinfection amplify and accelerate hepatic injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs suggested as biomarkers for liver injury. We analyzed the circulating levels of miRNAs in HIV patients with regard to the extent and etiology of liver injury. Total RNA was extracted from 335 serum samples of HIV patients and 22 healthy control participants using Qiazol. Comprehensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analyses (768 miRNA) were performed in serum samples of eight HIV, eight HIV/HCV (hepatitis C virus), six HCV patients, and three healthy controls. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR measured levels of miRNA-122, miRNA-22, and miRNA-34a in serum samples of 335 patients and 19 healthy control participants. Liver injury and fibrosis in these patients were defined using aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) score. The miRNA pattern of HIV/HCV samples showed altered expression of 57 and 33 miRNA compared to HCV and HIV infection, respectively. miRNA-122, miRNA-22, and miRNA-34a were highly up-regulated in HIV/HCV patients. Analyzing the entire cohort, these miRNAs were correlated with liver function tests and were independent predictors of liver injury (AST >2 × ULN). miRNA-122 and miRNA-22 were associated with relevant fibrosis (FIB-4 >1.45; APRI >1). Circulating levels of miRNA-122 were independent predictors for relevant fibrosis in HIV patients. Interestingly, miRNA-122 and miRNA-34a levels were higher in HIV/HCV patients, miRNA-22 levels were highest in HIV/HBV patients, and circulating levels of miRNA-34a correlated positively with illicit drug use and ethanol consumption. CONCLUSION Circulating miRNA-122, miRNA-22, and miRNA-34a correlates with the etiology of liver injury in HIV patients. These biomarkers not only mirror different mechanisms of hepatic injury, but also are independent predictors of liver injury in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Anadol
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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31
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The role of Moloney leukemia virus 10 in hepatitis B virus expression in hepatoma cells. Virus Res 2014; 197:85-91. [PMID: 25533532 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the Moloney leukemia virus 10 (Mov10), a putative RNA helicase, has very broad and potent antiretroviral activities. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a reverse transcription process, but the potential role of Mov10 in HBV replication remains unknown. In this study, Mov10 was demonstrated to affect HBV expression in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cell lines. The data showed that the over-expression of exogenous Mov10 resulted in an increase of the HBsAg and HBeAg levels in the culture supernatant and HBV mRNA level in transfected cells at a low dose and resulted in a decrease at a high dose, but HBV DNA in culture supernatant was not affected. The knockdown of endogenous Mov10 expression through siRNA treatment could suppress levels of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV mRNA, but had no effect on HBV DNA. Above results indicate that an appropriate level of exogenous Mov10 is responsible for HBV replication, that any perturbation in the level of Mov10 could affect HBV replication, while the endogenous Mov10 could promote HBV replication in vitro. The precise mechanisms that underlie the action of Mov10 on HBV still need further investigation.
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32
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Fiorino S, Bacchi-Reggiani L, Sabbatani S, Grizzi F, di Tommaso L, Masetti M, Fornelli A, Bondi A, de Biase D, Visani M, Cuppini A, Jovine E, Pession A. Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1751-68. [PMID: 25325563 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were 'HBV therapy', 'HBV treatment', 'VE antiviral effects', 'tocopherol antiviral activity', 'miRNA antiviral activity' and 'VE microRNA'. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle, in vitro and in vivo available studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fiorino
- Unità Operativa di Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Budrio,Via Benni 44,40065Budrio, Bologna,Italy
| | - L Bacchi-Reggiani
- Istituto di Cardiologia, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università degli Studi di Bologna,Bologna,Italy
| | - S Sabbatani
- Istituto di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università degli Studi di Bologna,Bologna,Italy
| | - F Grizzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center,Rozzano, Milano,Italy
| | - L di Tommaso
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center,Rozzano, Milano,Italy
| | - M Masetti
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia A, Ospedale Maggiore Bologna,Bologna,Italy
| | - A Fornelli
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale Maggiore,Bologna,Italy
| | - A Bondi
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale Maggiore,Bologna,Italy
| | - D de Biase
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale,Università di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria,Bologna,Italy
| | - M Visani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie,Università di Bologna,Bologna,Italy
| | - A Cuppini
- Unità Operativa di Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Budrio,Via Benni 44,40065Budrio, Bologna,Italy
| | - E Jovine
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia A, Ospedale Maggiore Bologna,Bologna,Italy
| | - A Pession
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie,Università di Bologna,Bologna,Italy
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33
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Clinical significance of circulating miR-122 in patients with dual chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection. Hepatol Int 2014; 9:35-42. [PMID: 25788377 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of serum microRNA-122 (miR-122) has been shown in viral hepatitis B and C, respectively. Specifically, miR-122 stimulates hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication but suppresses hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. The profile and clinical significance of serum miR-122 in patients with dual chronic hepatitis B and C would be an interesting and important clinical issue. METHODS A total of 76 patients with HBV/HCV dual infection, 105 with HCV monoinfection and 39 with HBV monoinfection were enrolled. All patients received peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFN)-based treatment. Serum miR-122 levels were quantified by using a sensitive hybridization-based assay. RESULTS At baseline, the serum miR-122 level was lower in HCV-monoinfected patients than in HBV-monoinfected patients, whereas HBV coinfection increased the expression of miR-122. In multivariate analysis, the serum miR-122 level was positively correlated with the serum HBsAg level in patients with HBV/HCV dual infection and those with HBV monoinfection. In dually infected patients who received PEG-IFN-based treatment, a high baseline miR-122 level was positively correlated with a greater reduction of the posttreatment serum HBsAg level. CONCLUSION In summary, the serum miR-122 level is highly correlated with the HBsAg level in HBV/HCV dually infected patients and may serve as a biomarker to predict posttreatment HBsAg decline.
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34
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Akamatsu S, Hayes CN, Tsuge M, Miki D, Akiyama R, Abe H, Ochi H, Hiraga N, Imamura M, Takahashi S, Aikata H, Kawaoka T, Kawakami Y, Ohishi W, Chayama K. Differences in serum microRNA profiles in hepatitis B and C virus infection. J Infect 2014; 70:273-87. [PMID: 25452043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at greater risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to identify virus-specific serum microRNA profiles associated with liver function and disease progression. Microarray analysis of serum microRNAs was performed using the Toray 3D array system in 22 healthy subjects, 42 HBV patients, and 30 HCV patients. Selected microRNAs were then validated by qRT-PCR in 186 HBV patients, 107 HCV patients, and 22 healthy subjects. RESULTS Microarray analysis showed up-regulation of a number of microRNAs in serum of both HBV and HCV patients. In qRT-PCR analysis, miR-122, miR-99a, miR-125b, miR-720, miR-22, and miR-1275 were up-regulated both in HBV patients relative to healthy subjects, and all except miR-1275 were up-regulated in HBeAg-positive patients relative to HBeAg-negative patients. Specific microRNAs were independently associated with different aspects of HBV infection. MiR-122 was independently associated with HBV DNA level, whereas miR-125b was independently associated with levels of HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg. MiR-22 and miR-1275 were independently associated with serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum microRNA levels reflect differences in the etiology and stage of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Akamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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35
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Brunetto MR, Cavallone D, Oliveri F, Moriconi F, Colombatto P, Coco B, Ciccorossi P, Rastelli C, Romagnoli V, Cherubini B, Teilum MW, Blondal T, Bonino F. A serum microRNA signature is associated with the immune control of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110782. [PMID: 25350115 PMCID: PMC4211710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The virus/host interplay mediates liver pathology in chronic HBV infection. MiRNAs play a pivotal role in virus/host interactions and are detected in both serum and HBsAg-particles, but studies of their dynamics during chronic infection and antiviral therapy are missing. We studied serum miRNAs during different phases of chronic HBV infection and antiviral treatment. Methods MiRNAs were profiled by miRCURY-LNA-Universal-RT-miRNA-PCR (Exiqon-A/S) and qPCR-panels-I/II-739-miRNA-assays and single-RT-q-PCRs. Two cohorts of well-characterized HBsAg-carriers were studied (median follow-up 34–52 months): a) training-panel (141 sera) and HBsAg-particles (32 samples) from 61 HBsAg-carriers and b) validation-panel (136 sera) from 84 carriers. Results Thirty-one miRNAs were differentially expressed in inactive-carriers (IC) and chronic-hepatitis-B (CHB) with the largest difference for miR-122-5p, miR-99a-5p and miR-192-5p (liver-specific-miRNAs), over-expressed in both sera and HBsAg-particles of CHB (ANOVA/U-test p-values: <0.000001/0.000001; <0.000001/0.000003; <0.000001/0.000005, respectively) and significantly down-regulated during- and after-treatment in sustained-virological-responders (SVR). MiRNA-profiles of IC and SVR clustered in the heatmap. Liver-miRNAs were combined with miR-335, miR-126 and miR-320a (internal controls) to build a MiR-B-Index with 100% sensitivity, 83.3% and 92.5% specificity (−1.7 cut-off) in both training and validation cohorts to identify IC. MiR-B-Index (−5.72, −20.43/14.38) correlated with ALT (49, 10/2056 U/l, ρ = −0.497, p<0.001), HBV-DNA (4.58, undetectable/>8.3 Log10 IU/mL, ρ = −0.732, p<0.001) and HBsAg (3.40, 0.11/5.49 Log10 IU/mL, ρ = −0.883, p<0.001). At multivariate analysis HBV-DNA (p = 0.002), HBsAg (p<0.001) and infection-phase (p<0.001), but not ALT (p = 0.360) correlated with MiR-B-Index. In SVR to Peg-IFN/NUCs MiR-B-Index improved during-therapy and post-treatment reaching IC-like values (5.32, −1.65/10.91 vs 6.68, 0.54/9.53, p = 0.324) beckoning sustained HBV-immune-control earlier than HBsAg-decline. Conclusions Serum miRNA profile change dynamically during the different phases of chronic HBV infection. We identified a miRNA signature associated with both natural-occurring and therapy-induced immune control of HBV infection. The MiR-B-Index might be a useful biomarker for the early identification of the sustained switch from CHB to inactive HBV-infection in patients treated with antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniela Cavallone
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Oliveri
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Moriconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Colombatto
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Coco
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Ciccorossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Rastelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Romagnoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cherubini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology Unit, Reference Center of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Ferruccio Bonino
- Digestive and Liver Disease, General Medicine II Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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36
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Fan HX, Tang H. Complex interactions between microRNAs and hepatitis B/C viruses. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13477-13492. [PMID: 25309078 PMCID: PMC4188899 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of many target genes via mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. Many studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the modulation of gene expression and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and play a pivotal role in host-virus interactions. Increasing evidence also demonstrates that viral infection leads to alteration of the miRNA expression profile in hepatic tissues or circulation. The deregulated miRNAs participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression by functioning as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by targeting various genes involved in cancer-related signaling pathways. The distinct expression pattern of miRNAs may be a useful marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of virus-related diseases considering the limitation of currently used biomarkers. Moreover, the role of deregulated miRNA in host-virus interactions and HCC development suggested that miRNAs may serve as therapeutic targets or as tools. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about the deregulation and the role of miRNAs during HBV/HCV infection and HCC development, and we discuss the possible mechanism of action of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of virus-related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of using miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets and drugs.
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37
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Chinnappan M, Singh AK, Kakumani PK, Kumar G, Rooge SB, Kumari A, Varshney A, Rastogi A, Singh AK, Sarin SK, Malhotra P, Mukherjee SK, Bhatnagar RK. Key elements of the RNAi pathway are regulated by hepatitis B virus replication and HBx acts as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing. Biochem J 2014; 462:347-58. [PMID: 24902849 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The host-mediated RNAi pathways restrict replication of viruses in plant, invertebrate and vertebrate systems. However, comparatively little is known about the interplay between RNAi and various viral infections in mammalian hosts. We show in the present study that the siRNA-mediated silencing of Drosha, Dicer and Ago2 [argonaute RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) catalytic component 2] transcripts in Huh7 cells resulted in elevated levels of HBV (hepatitis B virus)-specific RNAs and, conversely, we observed a decrease in mRNA and protein levels of same RNAi components in HepG2 cells infected with HBV. Similar reductions were also detectable in CHB (chronic hepatitis B) patients. Analysis of CHB liver biopsy samples, with high serum HBV DNA load (>log108 IU/ml), revealed a reduced mRNA and protein levels of Drosha, Dicer and Ago2. The low expression levels of key RNAi pathway components in CHB patient samples as well as hepatic cells established a link between HBV replication and RNAi components. The HBV proteins were also examined for RSS (RNA-silencing suppressor) properties. Using GFP-based reversion of silencing assays, in the present study we found that HBx is an RSS protein. Through a series of deletions and substitution mutants, we found that the full-length HBx protein is required for optimum RSS activity. The in vitro dicing assays revealed that the HBx protein inhibited the human Dicer-mediated processing of dsRNAs into siRNAs. Together, our results suggest that the HBx protein might function as RSS to manipulate host RNAi defence, in particular by abrogating the function of Dicer. The present study may have implications in the development of newer strategies to combat HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- *International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | - Avishek Kumar Singh
- †Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Kakumani
- *International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- *International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anupama Kumari
- †Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Varshney
- †Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- †Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- ‡Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, DL 110007, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- †Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- *International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | | | - Raj Kamal Bhatnagar
- *International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
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38
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Jiang X, Kanda T, Wu S, Nakamura M, Miyamura T, Nakamoto S, Banerjee A, Yokosuka O. Regulation of microRNA by hepatitis B virus infection and their possible association with control of innate immunity. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7197-206. [PMID: 24966589 PMCID: PMC4064064 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects more than 350 million people worldwide. HBV causes acute and chronic hepatitis, and is one of the major causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There exist complex interactions between HBV and the immune system including adaptive and innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and TLR-signaling pathways are important parts of the innate immune response in HBV infections. It is well known that TLR-ligands could suppress HBV replication and that TLRs play important roles in anti-viral defense. Previous immunological studies demonstrated that HBV e antigen (HBeAg) is more efficient at eliciting T-cell tolerance, including production of specific cytokines IL-2 and interferon gamma, than HBV core antigen. HBeAg downregulates cytokine production in hepatocytes by the inhibition of MAPK or NF-κB activation through the interaction with receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also able to regulate various biological processes such as the innate immune response. When the expressions of approximately 1000 miRNAs were compared between human hepatoma cells HepG2 and HepG2.2.15, which could produce HBV virion that infects chimpanzees, using real-time RT-PCR, we observed several different expression levels in miRNAs related to TLRs. Although we and others have shown that HBV modulates the host immune response, several of the miRNAs seem to be involved in the TLR signaling pathways. The possibility that alteration of these miRNAs during HBV infection might play a critical role in innate immunity against HBV infection should be considered. This article is intended to comprehensively review the association between HBV and innate immunity, and to discuss the role of miRNAs in the innate immune response to HBV infection.
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Tan YLJ, Chen WN. MicroRNAs as therapeutic strategy for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future prospects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5973-5986. [PMID: 24876720 PMCID: PMC4033437 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be one of the top causing cancer-related deaths today. The majority of HCC cases are reported to be the result of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Current treatments for HBV-related HCC revolve around the use of drugs to inhibit viral replication, as a high level of viral load and antigen in circulation often presents a poor patient prognosis. However, existing therapies are inefficient in the complete eradication of HBV, often resulting in tumour recurrence. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in important processes in HBV-related HCC makes it an important player in the progression of HCC in chronic hepatitis B infected patients. In this review, we discuss the key aspects of HBV infection and the important viral products that may regulate cancer-related processes via their interaction with miRNAs or their closely related protein machinery. Conversely, we also look at how miRNAs may go about regulating the virus, especially in vital processes like viral replication. Apart from miRNAs acting as either oncogenes or tumour-suppressors, we also look at how miRNAs may function as biomarkers that may possibly serve as better candidates than those currently employed in the diagnosis of HBV infection or HBV-related HCC. A summary of the roles of miRNAs in HBV-related HCC will hopefully lead to a gain in understanding of the pathogenesis process and pave the way for new insights in medical therapy.
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Kohno T, Tsuge M, Murakami E, Hiraga N, Abe H, Miki D, Imamura M, Ochi H, Hayes CN, Chayama K. Human microRNA hsa-miR-1231 suppresses hepatitis B virus replication by targeting core mRNA. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:e89-97. [PMID: 24835118 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific miRNA profiles might reveal potential new avenues for therapy. To identify miRNAs directly associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in hepatocytes, we performed a miRNA array analysis using urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice where the livers were highly repopulated with human hepatocytes and human immune cells are absent. Mice were inoculated with HBV-infected patient serum samples. Eight weeks after HBV infection, human hepatocytes were collected from liver tissues, and miRNAs were analysed using the Toray 3D array system. The effect of miRNAs on HBV replication was analysed using HBV-transfected HepG2 cells. Four miRNAs, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-1908, hsa-miR-675 and hsa-miR-1231 were upregulated in mouse and human livers with HBV infection. These miRNAs were associated with immune response pathways such as inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling. Of these miRNAs, hsa-miR-1231, which showed high homology with HBV core and HBx sequences, was most highly upregulated. In HBV-transfected HepG2 cells, overexpression of hsa-miR-1231 resulted in suppression of HBV replication with HBV core reduction. In conclusion, a novel interaction between hsa-miR-1231 and HBV replication was identified. This interaction might be useful in developing new therapeutic strategies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied life sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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van der Ree MH, de Bruijne J, Kootstra NA, Jansen PL, Reesink HW. MicroRNAs: role and therapeutic targets in viral hepatitis. Antivir Ther 2014; 19:533-41. [PMID: 24642660 DOI: 10.3851/imp2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The importance of microRNAs has been shown for several liver diseases, for example, viral hepatitis. MicroRNA-122 is highly abundant in the liver and is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. MicroRNA-122 is also an important host factor for the HCV and promotes HCV replication. In contrast to HCV, microRNA-122 inhibits replication of the HBV. MicroRNA-122 acts as a tumour suppressor and reduced levels of microRNA-122 are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. MicroRNAs other than microRNA-122 have been linked to viral hepatitis, fibrosis and inflammation. In this review, we discuss function and clinical implications of microRNA-122 and other microRNAs in liver diseases, especially viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike H van der Ree
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zhang X, Hou J, Lu M. Regulation of hepatitis B virus replication by epigenetic mechanisms and microRNAs. Front Genet 2013; 4:202. [PMID: 24133502 PMCID: PMC3796260 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome forms a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome that persists in the nucleus of virus-infected hepatocytes. HBV cccDNA serves as the template for viral mRNA synthesis and is subject to epigenetic regulation by several mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, were also directly connected to the epigenetic machinery through a regulatory loop. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to affect miRNA expression, and a sub-group of miRNAs (defined as epi-miRNAs) can directly target effectors of the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on the epigenetic mechanisms controlling HBV cccDNA function, primarily focusing on the epi-miRNA functions operating in HBV replication. Investigation of the epigenetic regulation of HBV replication may help to discover novel potential therapeutic targets for drug development with the goal to eradicate the HBV cccDNA pool in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China ; Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg Essen Essen, Germany
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Wei YF, Cui GY, Ye P, Chen JN, Diao HY. MicroRNAs may solve the mystery of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4867-4876. [PMID: 23946591 PMCID: PMC3740416 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that causes persistent liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A large amount of people die annually from HBV infection. However, the pathogenesises of the HBV-related diseases are ill defined and the therapeutic strategies for the diseases are less than optimum. The recently discovered microRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression primarily at the post-transcriptional level by binding to mRNAs. miRNAs contribute to a variety of physiological and pathological processes. A number of miRNAs have been found to play a pivotal role in the host-virus interaction including host-HBV interaction. Numerous studies have indicated that HBV infection could change the cellular miRNA expression patterns and different stages of HBV associated disease have displayed distinctive miRNA profiles. Furthermore, the differential expressed miRNAs have been found involved in the progression of HBV-related diseases, for instance some miRNAs are involved in liver tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Studies have also shown that the circulating miRNA in serum or plasma might be a very useful biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HBV-related diseases. In addition, miRNA-based therapy strategies have attracted increasing attention, indicating a promising future in the treatment of HBV-related diseases.
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Pattnaik AK, Dinh PX. Manipulation of cellular processing bodies and their constituents by viruses. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:286-91. [PMID: 23617258 PMCID: PMC3665300 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing bodies (PBs) are a form of cytoplasmic aggregates that house the cellular RNA decay machinery as well as many RNA-binding proteins and mRNAs. The PBs are constitutively present in eukaryotic cells and are involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating RNA metabolism, cell signaling, and survival. Virus infections result in modification of the PBs and their constituents. Many viruses induce compositionally altered PBs, while many others use specific components of the PBs for their replication. PB constituents are also known to restrict virus replication by a variety of mechanisms. Further, continuing studies in this rapidly emerging field of PB-virus interactions will undoubtedly provide important clues to the understanding of the role of PBs in cellular homeostasis as well as their role in virus infections and innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit K Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA.
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Bonino F, Brunetto MR. Occult Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infections: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Negative and Primary Occult. CURRENT HEPATITIS REPORTS 2013; 12:112-118. [DOI: 10.1007/s11901-013-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
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Wang Y, Jiang L, Ji X, Yang B, Zhang Y, Fu XD. Hepatitis B viral RNA directly mediates down-regulation of the tumor suppressor microRNA miR-15a/miR-16-1 in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18484-93. [PMID: 23649629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a key risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent work suggests a functional link between HCC and microRNA expression, but the mechanism underlying the functional interaction between microRNA and HBV infection has remained largely elusive. Here we present evidence that the microRNA machinery serves as a defense system against HBV infection, which, in turn, reprograms the expression of specific microRNAs. We demonstrate a critical role of miR-15a/miR-16-1 in this functional interplay between microRNA and HBV infection, but in contrast to various indirect mechanisms mediated by viral proteins, we unexpectedly found that the HBx transcript directly triggers the down-regulation of miR-15a/miR-16-1 via the microRNA targeting sequences in the viral RNA. Because miR-15a and miR-16-1 are well known tumor suppressor microRNAs in multiple human cancers, our findings raise the intriguing possibility that viral RNA-mediated down-regulation of specific tumor suppressor microRNAs may contribute to HCC development in HBV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Jiang H, He X, Li J, Xie Q, Lin J, Chang Y. Association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism within the miR-146a gene with susceptibility for acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:257-63. [PMID: 23292505 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of innate immune response contributes to the pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACLF-HBV). miR-146a was recently found to be implicated in the regulation of innate immunity. In this study, we explored the biological significance of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2910164) within the miR-146a gene in the risk of acquiring ACLF-HBV. We completed a hospital-based case-control study including 717 cases of HBV-infected patients--251 cases of ACLF-HBV and 466 cases of chronic hepatitis B. Whole blood samples were collected for isolation of DNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The association between genotypes and risk of ACLF-HBV was analyzed by multivariate unconditional logistic regression, with adjustment for sex and age. Our results showed that the GG homozygote was a protective genotype in terms of susceptibility to ACLF-HBV, with odds ratio = 0.496, 95 % confidence interval = 0.309-0.797, P = 0.004 compared with CC+GC genotypes. The amount of mature miR-146a in PBMCs was significantly higher in the GG homozygote group than those in the CC and CG genotype groups of ACLF-HBV patients. The GG genotype group also represented lower serum level of TNF-α and higher survival rate (follow-up period = 4 months). In conclusion, The GG genotype within the pre-miR-146a is reversely associated with susceptibility of ACLF-HBV in the studied Chinese population. This may be partially explained by the relatively higher amount of mature miR-146a and the lower serum level of TNF-α in this genotype group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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