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Valenzisi B, Parsons M, Huggett M, Raoult V, Gaston T. Urbanisation and boating are the main contributors to underwater soundscapes in three temperate estuaries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116792. [PMID: 39106628 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise has been identified as one of the most harmful forms of global pollutants impacting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. As global populations continue to increase, coastlines are seeing substantial increases in the level of urbanisation. Although measures are in place to minimise stress on fauna, they rarely consider the impact of anthropogenic noise. In Australia, New South Wales (NSW) estuaries have seen extensive increases in urbanisation in recent years. Yet, there remains minimal baseline data on their soundscapes to determine if noise pollution is a threat. This research provides a first assessment of baseline sounds across a temporal and seasonal scale. Recreational boating was the primary soundscape contributor in estuaries, and estuaries with higher urbanisation levels contained higher sound levels. This research provides useful information for managers of NSW estuaries and is of global relevance in an era of increasing generation of anthropogenic noise in estuarine and coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles Parsons
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Megan Huggett
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah Campus, NSW 2258, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah Campus, NSW 2258, Australia; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah Campus, NSW 2258, Australia
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2
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Schmidlin S, Parcerisas C, Hubert J, Watson MS, Mees J, Botteldooren D, Devos P, Debusschere E, Hablützel PI. Comparison of the effects of reef and anthropogenic soundscapes on oyster larvae settlement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12580. [PMID: 38822088 PMCID: PMC11143193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Settlement is a critical period in the life cycle of marine invertebrates with a planktonic larval stage. For reef-building invertebrates such as oysters and corals, settlement rates are predictive for long-term reef survival. Increasing evidence suggests that marine invertebrates use information from ocean soundscapes to inform settlement decisions. Sessile marine invertebrates with a planktonic stage are particularly reliant on environmental cues to direct them to ideal habitats. As gregarious settlers, oysters prefer to settle amongst members of the same species. It has been hypothesized that oyster larvae from species Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea angasi use distinct conspecific oyster reef sounds to navigate to ideal habitats. In controlled laboratory experiments we exposed Pacific Oyster Magallana gigas larvae to anthropogenic sounds from conspecific oyster reefs, vessels, combined reef-vessel sounds as well as off-reef and no speaker controls. Our findings show that sounds recorded at conspecific reefs induced higher percentages of settlement by about 1.44 and 1.64 times compared to off-reef and no speaker controls, respectively. In contrast, the settlement increase compared to the no speaker control was non-significant for vessel sounds (1.21 fold), combined reef-vessel sounds (1.30 fold), and off-reef sounds (1.18 fold). This study serves as a foundational stepping stone for exploring larval sound feature preferences within this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidlin
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium.
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Campus Sterre S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Clea Parcerisas
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium.
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Hubert
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maryann S Watson
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Hoorn, Noord Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Mees
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Campus Sterre S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Devos
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal I Hablützel
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
- Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Joo S, Kim T. The effect of anthropogenic substrate-borne vibrations on locomotion of the fiddler crab Austruca lactea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116107. [PMID: 38330812 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The anthropogenic construction activities on the coasts, such as pile-driving, generate vibrations that propagate through the substrate. Such substrate-borne vibrations could potentially affect marine organisms inhabiting the benthic environments. However, there is a lack of documented studies on the effects of vibrations on benthic animals. To investigate whether anthropogenic substrate-borne vibrations such as pile-driving operation influence the fiddler crab, Austruca lactea, we measured their locomotion response under vibrations of 35, 120, 250, 500, and 750 Hz generated by a vibrator. We compared the locomotion of crabs between control and vibration-treatment groups using videography. The duration of movements was significantly lower under 120 Hz vibrations compared to the control. Moreover, crab velocity was significantly higher under vibrations of 120 Hz and 250 Hz compared to the control group. Our result suggests that A. lactea can detect low-frequency substrate-borne vibrations and experience stress, leading to increased energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Joo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon Kim
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Anthropogenic noise may impair the mating behaviour of the Shore Crab Carcinus Maenas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276889. [PMID: 36301985 PMCID: PMC9612583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a recent addition to the list of human-made threats to the environment, with potential and established negative impacts on a wide range of animals. Despite their economic and ecological significance, few studies have considered the impact of anthropogenic noise on crustaceans, though past studies have shown that it can cause significant effects to crustacean physiology, anatomy, and behaviour. Mating behaviour in crustaceans could potentially be severely affected by anthropogenic noise, given that noise has been demonstrated to impact some crustacean’s ability to detect and respond to chemical, visual, and acoustic cues, all of which are vital in courtship rituals. To explore if noise has an impact on crustacean mating, we tested the responses of male green shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) from the southwest UK coast by exposing them to ship noise recordings while simultaneously presenting them with a dummy-female soaked in the female-sex pheromone uridine diphosphate (UDP) in an experimental tank setup (recording treatment: n = 15, control treatment: n = 15). We found a significant, negative effect of noise on the occurrence of mating behaviour compared to no noise conditions, though no significant effect of noise on the time it took for a crab to respond to the pheromone. Such effects suggest reproductive impairment due to anthropogenic noise, which could potentially contribute to decreased crustacean populations and subsequent ecological and economic repercussions. Given the findings of our preliminary study, more research should be undertaken that includes larger sample sizes, double blind setups, and controlled laboratory trials in order to more fully extrapolate the potential impact of noise on mating in the natural environment.
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Day RD, Fitzgibbon QP, McCauley RD, Baker KB, Semmens JM. The impact of seismic survey exposure on the righting reflex and moult cycle of Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) puerulus larvae and juveniles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119699. [PMID: 35787424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic aquatic noise is recognised as an environmental pollutant with the potential to negatively affect marine organisms. Seismic surveys, used to explore subseafloor oil reserves, are a common source of aquatic noise that have garnered attention due to their intense low frequency inputs and their frequent spatial overlap with coastal fisheries. Commercially important Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) adults have previously shown sensitivity to signals from a single seismic air gun. Here, the sensitivity of J. edwardsii juveniles and puerulus to the signals of a full-scale seismic survey were evaluated to determine if early developmental stages were affected similarly to adults, and the range of impact. To quantify impact, lobster mortality rates, dorsoventral righting reflex and progression through moult cycle were evaluated following exposure. Exposure did not result in mortality in either developmental stage, however, air gun signals caused righting impairment to at least 500 m in lobsters sampled immediately following exposure, as had previously been reported in adults with corresponding sensory system damage following exposure. Impairment resulting from close range (0 m) exposure appeared to be persistent, as previously reported in adults, whereas juveniles exposed at a more distant range (500 m) showed recovery, indicating that exposure at a range of 500 m may not cause lasting impairment to righting. Intermoult duration was (time between moults) significantly increased in juveniles exposed at 0 m from the source, indicating the potential for slowed development, growth, and physiological stress. These results demonstrate that exposure to seismic air gun signals have the potential to negatively impact early life history stages of Southern Rock Lobsters. The similarity of both the impacts and the sound exposure levels observed here compared to previous exposure using a single air gun offer validation for the approach, which opens the potential for accessible field-based experimental work into the impact of seismic surveys on marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Day
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Robert D McCauley
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Katherine B Baker
- Ecology and Biodiversity Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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Snitman SM, Mitton FM, Marina P, Maria C, Giuseppa B, Gavio MA, Sal Moyano MP. Effect of biological and anthropogenic habitat sounds on oxidative stress biomarkers and behavior in a key crab species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109344. [PMID: 35417787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Soundscapes are characterized by a combination of natural and anthropogenic sounds. This study evaluated the stress effect of biological and anthropogenic sounds characterizing a Man and Biosphere UNESCO wetland, by assessing the protein content, oxidative biomarkers, and behavior of a key crab species (Neohelice granulata), through a tank-laboratory experiment. Biological sounds corresponded to predators of N. granulata (fish and crustacean stimuli), while anthropogenic ones belonged to motorboat passages (boat stimulus). Biochemical results showed differences depending on the sound stimuli used and the crab tissue analyzed. Protein content was higher in hemolymph when crabs were exposed to fish and boat stimuli, and in gills when exposed to boat stimulus. The enzymatic activity in hemolymph showed a decreased GST (fish stimulus) and CAT (fish and boat stimuli) activity, in hepatopancreas a higher GST (crustacean stimulus) and CAT (crustacean and boat stimuli) activity was found, and in gills a higher CAT activity was also observed (crustacean and boat stimuli). Lipid peroxidation was higher only in hemolymph (fish and crustacean stimuli). Protein oxidation was higher in gills (fish stimulus) and hepatopancreas (crustacean stimulus). Behavioral analysis demonstrated that the crab locomotion activity diminished when exposed to diverse sound stimuli. Thus, both sound sources caused physiological and behavioral stress in this species. The results contribute important data to be used in the development of management plans considering the habitat importance in terms of biodiversity, the ecosystem services provided and the role of the studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solana Morena Snitman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francesca Maria Mitton
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N°1 Escollera Norte (B7602HSA), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Provenzal Marina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ceraulo Maria
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy.
| | - Buscaino Giuseppa
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy.
| | - María Andrea Gavio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - María Paz Sal Moyano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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7
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Wale MA, Briers RA, Diele K. Marine invertebrate anthropogenic noise research - Trends in methods and future directions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112958. [PMID: 34607127 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selecting the correct methods to answer one's chosen question is key to conducting rigorous, evidence-based science. A disciplines' chosen methods are constantly evolving to encompass new insights and developments. Analysing these changes can be a useful tool for identifying knowledge gaps and guiding future studies. Research on the impact of anthropogenic noise on marine invertebrates, a topic with specific methodological challenges, has undergone substantial changes since its beginning in 1982. Using this field as an example, we demonstrate the benefits of such method analysis and resulting framework which has the potential to increase conclusive power and comparability of future studies. We list taxa studied to date, use a range of descriptors to analyse the methods applied, and map changes in experimental design through time. Based upon our analysis, three research strategies are proposed as a best practice framework for investigating effects of noise on marine invertebrates and delivering policy-relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Wale
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - R A Briers
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Diele
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
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Buscaino G, Mattiazzo G, Sannino G, Papale E, Bracco G, Grammauta R, Carillo A, Kenny JM, De Cristofaro N, Ceraulo M, Mazzola S. Acoustic impact of a wave energy converter in Mediterranean shallow waters. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9586. [PMID: 31270346 PMCID: PMC6610649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, underwater noise from a full-scale wave energy converter system (ISWEC), installed on the coast of Pantelleria Island (central Mediterranean Sea), was characterized. The noise was measured using an autonomous acoustic recorder anchored to the sea bottom 40 m from the ISWEC hull. Acoustic monitoring continued for 15 months, starting 7 months before (PRE), 2 months during (INST) and 6 months after the ISWEC installation (POST). The levels of noise, assessed with power spectrum density and octave and third-octave band sound pressure levels (BSPLs), were higher during the POST period than during the PRE period at lower frequencies up to 4 kHz and increased with wave height. During the ISWEC activation for energy production (POST_ON) in the wave height range 1–2.9 m, the BSPLs increased much more at lower frequencies up to 4 kHz (the median BSPLs at 63 Hz for the PRE, POST, and POST_ON conditions were 73, 106, and 126 dB re 1μPa, respectively). Considering the biophonies that make up the soundscape of the area, we examined the possible masking of fish choruses due to ISWEC noise and highlighted that at a distance of 1000 m, the 800 Hz peak frequency was 10 dB above the ISWEC signal. Within this distance from ISWEC, a possible masking effect is supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Buscaino
- National Research Council - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in marine Environment, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, (TP), Italy.
| | - Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Sannino
- ENEA - Climate Modelling and Impacts Laboratory (SSPT-MET-CLIM), via Anguillarese 301, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Papale
- National Research Council - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in marine Environment, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, (TP), Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bracco
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Rosario Grammauta
- National Research Council - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in marine Environment, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, (TP), Italy
| | - Adriana Carillo
- ENEA - Climate Modelling and Impacts Laboratory (SSPT-MET-CLIM), via Anguillarese 301, Roma, Italy
| | - Jose Maria Kenny
- University of Perugia, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima, 4, Terni, Italy
| | | | - Maria Ceraulo
- National Research Council - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in marine Environment, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, (TP), Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- National Research Council - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in marine Environment, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara, (TP), Italy
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10
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Lossent J, Lejart M, Folegot T, Clorennec D, Di Iorio L, Gervaise C. Underwater operational noise level emitted by a tidal current turbine and its potential impact on marine fauna. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:323-334. [PMID: 29886954 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine renewable energy development raised concerns over the impact of underwater noise. Here we assess the acoustic impacts of an operating tidal current turbine (Paimpol-Bréhat site, France) on marine fauna. Its source level (SL) has been measured in situ using 19 drifting transects at distances between 100 m to 2400 m from the turbine. SL ranged from 118 to 152 dB re1 μPa@1 m in third-octave bands at frequencies between 40 and 8192 Hz. It is comparable to the SL of a 19 m boat travelling at 10kt speed. This SL was used to estimate the impact of this noise type based on acoustic propagation simulations. The acoustic footprint of the device corresponds to a 1.5 km radius disk. Our results show that within this area of greatest potential impact, physiological injury of the hearing apparatus of invertebrates, fishes and marine mammals is improbable. Behavioral disturbance may occur up to 1 km around the device for harbor porpoises only. This is of little concern for a single turbine. However, greater concern on turbine noise impact, particularly on behavioral reactions has to be granted for a farm with up to 100 turbine. The lack of consolidated knowledge on behavioral disturbances identifies the needs for specific research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lossent
- France Energies Marines, Bâtiment Cap Ocean, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 525 avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France; Gipsa-lab, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), TIMA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Chorus Research Institute, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - M Lejart
- France Energies Marines, Bâtiment Cap Ocean, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 525 avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - T Folegot
- Quiet Oceans, Bâtiment Cap Ocean, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 525 avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - D Clorennec
- Quiet Oceans, Bâtiment Cap Ocean, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 525 avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - L Di Iorio
- Chorus Research Institute, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France; Foundation of the Grenoble Institute of Technology, 46 Rue Felix Viallet, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Gervaise
- Chorus Research Institute, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France; Foundation of the Grenoble Institute of Technology, 46 Rue Felix Viallet, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Stanley JA, Van Parijs SM, Hatch LT. Underwater sound from vessel traffic reduces the effective communication range in Atlantic cod and haddock. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14633. [PMID: 29116094 PMCID: PMC5676770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary is located in Massachusetts Bay off the densely populated northeast coast of the United States; subsequently, the marine inhabitants of the area are exposed to elevated levels of anthropogenic underwater sound, particularly due to commercial shipping. The current study investigated the alteration of estimated effective communication spaces at three spawning locations for populations of the commercially and ecologically important fishes, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Both the ambient sound pressure levels and the estimated effective vocalization radii, estimated through spherical spreading models, fluctuated dramatically during the three-month recording periods. Increases in sound pressure level appeared to be largely driven by large vessel activity, and accordingly exhibited a significant positive correlation with the number of Automatic Identification System tracked vessels at the two of the three sites. The near constant high levels of low frequency sound and consequential reduction in the communication space observed at these recording sites during times of high vocalization activity raises significant concerns that communication between conspecifics may be compromised during critical biological periods. This study takes the first steps in evaluating these animals’ communication spaces and alteration of these spaces due to anthropogenic underwater sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni A Stanley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Science Center, Protected Species Branch, Woods Hole, MA, USA. .,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA, USA.
| | - Sofie M Van Parijs
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Science Center, Protected Species Branch, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Leila T Hatch
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA, USA
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Roberts L, Elliott M. Good or bad vibrations? Impacts of anthropogenic vibration on the marine epibenthos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:255-268. [PMID: 28384581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities directly contacting the seabed, such as drilling and pile-driving, produce a significant vibration likely to impact benthic invertebrates. As with terrestrial organisms, vibration may be used by marine species for the detection of biotic and abiotic cues, yet the significance of this and the sensitivities to vibration are previously undocumented for many marine species. Exposure to additional vibration may elicit behavioral or physiological change, or even physical damage at high amplitudes or particular frequencies, although this is poorly studied in underwater noise research. Here we review studies regarding the sensitivities and responses of marine invertebrates to substrate-borne vibration. This includes information related to vibrations produced by those construction activities directly impacting the seabed, such as pile-driving. This shows the extent to which species are able to detect vibration and respond to anthropogenically-produced vibrations, although the short and long-term implications of this are not known. As such it is especially important that the sensitivities of these species are further understood, given that noise and energy-generating human impacts on the marine environment are only likely to increase and that there are now legal instruments requiring such effects to be monitored and controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Roberts
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Elliott
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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Carroll AG, Przeslawski R, Duncan A, Gunning M, Bruce B. A critical review of the potential impacts of marine seismic surveys on fish & invertebrates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:9-24. [PMID: 27931868 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Marine seismic surveys produce high intensity, low-frequency impulsive sounds at regular intervals, with most sound produced between 10 and 300Hz. Offshore seismic surveys have long been considered to be disruptive to fisheries, but there are few ecological studies that target commercially important species, particularly invertebrates. This review aims to summarise scientific studies investigating the impacts of low-frequency sound on marine fish and invertebrates, as well as to critically evaluate how such studies may apply to field populations exposed to seismic operations. We focus on marine seismic surveys due to their associated unique sound properties (i.e. acute, low-frequency, mobile source locations), as well as fish and invertebrates due to the commercial value of many species in these groups. The main challenges of seismic impact research are the translation of laboratory results to field populations over a range of sound exposure scenarios and the lack of sound exposure standardisation which hinders the identification of response thresholds. An integrated multidisciplinary approach to manipulative and in situ studies is the most effective way to establish impact thresholds in the context of realistic exposure levels, but if that is not practical the limitations of each approach must be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Carroll
- National Earth and Marine Observations Branch, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - R Przeslawski
- National Earth and Marine Observations Branch, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A Duncan
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia
| | - M Gunning
- Energy Systems Branch, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - B Bruce
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, GPO Box 1538, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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14
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Garrett JK, Blondel P, Godley BJ, Pikesley SK, Witt MJ, Johanning L. Long-term underwater sound measurements in the shipping noise indicator bands 63Hz and 125Hz from the port of Falmouth Bay, UK. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:438-448. [PMID: 27393210 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-frequency anthropogenic sound, such as shipping noise, may be negatively affecting marine life. The EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) includes a specific indicator focused on this noise. This indicator is the yearly average sound level in third-octave bands with centre frequencies at 63Hz and 125Hz. These levels are described for Falmouth Bay, UK, an active port at the entrance to the English Channel. Underwater sound was recorded for 30min h(-1) over the period June 2012 to November 2013 for a total of 435days. Mean third-octave levels were louder in the 125-Hz band (annual mean level of 96.0dB re 1μPa) than in the 63-Hz band (92.6dB re 1 μPa). These levels and variations are assessed as a function of seasons, shipping activity and wave height, providing comparison points for future monitoring activities, including the MSFD and emerging international regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Garrett
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Ph Blondel
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - B J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, UK; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - S K Pikesley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - M J Witt
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - L Johanning
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, UK.
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15
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Edmonds NJ, Firmin CJ, Goldsmith D, Faulkner RC, Wood DT. A review of crustacean sensitivity to high amplitude underwater noise: Data needs for effective risk assessment in relation to UK commercial species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:5-11. [PMID: 27210557 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High amplitude anthropogenic noise is associated with adverse impacts among a variety of organisms but detailed species-specific knowledge is lacking in relation to effects upon crustaceans. Brown crab (Cancer pagurus), European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) together represent the most valuable commercial fishery in the UK (Defra, 2014). Critical evaluation of literature reveals physiological sensitivity to underwater noise among N. norvegicus and closely related crustacean species, including juvenile stages. Current evidence supports physiological sensitivity to local, particle motion effects of sound production in particular. Derivation of correlative relationships between the introduction of high amplitude impulsive noise and crustacean distribution/abundance is hindered by the coarse resolution of available data at the present time. Future priorities for research are identified and argument for enhanced monitoring under current legislative frameworks outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Edmonds
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Christopher J Firmin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Denise Goldsmith
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Rebecca C Faulkner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Daniel T Wood
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
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16
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Noise in the Sea and Its Impacts on Marine Organisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12304-23. [PMID: 26437424 PMCID: PMC4626970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the growing utilization and exploration of the ocean, anthropogenic noise increases significantly and gives rise to a new kind of pollution: noise pollution. In this review, the source and the characteristics of noise in the sea, the significance of sound to marine organisms, and the impacts of noise on marine organisms are summarized. In general, the studies about the impact of noise on marine organisms are mainly on adult fish and mammals, which account for more than 50% and 20% of all the cases reported. Studies showed that anthropogenic noise can cause auditory masking, leading to cochlear damage, changes in individual and social behavior, altered metabolisms, hampered population recruitment, and can subsequently affect the health and service functions of marine ecosystems. However, since different sampling methodologies and unstandarized measurements were used and the effects of noise on marine organisms are dependent on the characteristics of the species and noise investigated, it is difficult to compare the reported results. Moreover, the scarcity of studies carried out with other species and with larval or juvenile individuals severely constrains the present understanding of noise pollution. In addition, further studies are needed to reveal in detail the causes for the detected impacts.
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17
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Kaplan MB, Mooney TA. Ambient noise and temporal patterns of boat activity in the US Virgin Islands National Park. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 98:221-8. [PMID: 26254882 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Human activity is contributing increasing noise to marine ecosystems. Recent studies have examined the effects of boat noise on marine fishes, but there is limited understanding of the prevalence of this type of sound source. This investigation tracks vessel noise on three reefs in the US Virgin Islands National Park over four months in 2013. Ambient noise levels ranged from 106 to 129dBrms re 1μPa (100Hz-20kHz). Boat noise occurred in 6-12% of samples. In the presence of boat noise, ambient noise in a low-frequency band (100-1000Hz) increased by >7dB above baseline levels and sound levels were significantly higher. The frequency with the most acoustic energy shifted to a significantly lower frequency when boat noise was present during the day. These results indicate the abundance of boat noise and its overlap with reef organism sound production, raising concern for the communication abilities of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell B Kaplan
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., MS50, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; MIT/WHOI Joint Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., MS50, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
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18
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Shannon G, McKenna MF, Angeloni LM, Crooks KR, Fristrup KM, Brown E, Warner KA, Nelson MD, White C, Briggs J, McFarland S, Wittemyer G. A synthesis of two decades of research documenting the effects of noise on wildlife. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:982-1005. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Shannon
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Megan F. McKenna
- Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division; National Park Service; Fort Collins CO 80525 U.S.A
| | - Lisa M. Angeloni
- Department of Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Kevin R. Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Kurt M. Fristrup
- Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division; National Park Service; Fort Collins CO 80525 U.S.A
| | - Emma Brown
- Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division; National Park Service; Fort Collins CO 80525 U.S.A
| | - Katy A. Warner
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Misty D. Nelson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Cecilia White
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Jessica Briggs
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Scott McFarland
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
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19
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Hammar L, Eggertsen L, Andersson S, Ehnberg J, Arvidsson R, Gullström M, Molander S. A probabilistic model for hydrokinetic turbine collision risks: exploring impacts on fish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117756. [PMID: 25730314 PMCID: PMC4346259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of hydrokinetic turbines are currently under development for power generation in rivers, tidal straits and ocean currents. Because some of these turbines are large, with rapidly moving rotor blades, the risk of collision with aquatic animals has been brought to attention. The behavior and fate of animals that approach such large hydrokinetic turbines have not yet been monitored at any detail. In this paper, we conduct a synthesis of the current knowledge and understanding of hydrokinetic turbine collision risks. The outcome is a generic fault tree based probabilistic model suitable for estimating population-level ecological risks. New video-based data on fish behavior in strong currents are provided and models describing fish avoidance behaviors are presented. The findings indicate low risk for small-sized fish. However, at large turbines (≥5 m), bigger fish seem to have high probability of collision, mostly because rotor detection and avoidance is difficult in low visibility. Risks can therefore be substantial for vulnerable populations of large-sized fish, which thrive in strong currents. The suggested collision risk model can be applied to different turbine designs and at a variety of locations as basis for case-specific risk assessments. The structure of the model facilitates successive model validation, refinement and application to other organism groups such as marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Hammar
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Energy and Environment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Eggertsen
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jimmy Ehnberg
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Energy and Environment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rickard Arvidsson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Energy and Environment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Gullström
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sverker Molander
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Energy and Environment, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Inducers of settlement and moulting in post-larval spiny lobster. Oecologia 2015; 178:685-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Trottier O, Jeffs AG. Recruitment of the parasitic pea crab Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae into green-lipped mussels Perna canaliculus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 112:199-205. [PMID: 25590770 DOI: 10.3354/dao02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pea crab species are globally ubiquitous parasites of marine bivalves including several major aquaculture species. However, little is known about the environmental factors that affect their recruitment into aquacultured mussels. The effect of depth and distance from shore on the recruitment of the parasitic pea crab Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae into New Zealand green-lipped mussels Perna canaliculus was examined with a field experiment. The incidence of pea crab infection of mussels over 295 d was nearly double when deployed at 5-10 m depth (1.97%) compared to 20-30 m depth (0.96%), although it was not significantly different due to the overall low period prevalence in the experimental population. The sex ratio of crabs recovered was significantly skewed towards females with a ratio of 1:14 (χ = 11.3, p < 0.001). Infection with pea crabs was found to significantly reduce final mussel shell height on average by 28% (21.0 mm) over 295 d (Mann-Whitney U = 6.0, p < 0.0001). This study confirms that parasitism of green-lipped mussels by pea crabs has a significant impact on the growth of the mussels and suggests that the incidence of pea crabs will be higher in shallower water and when mussels are in closer proximity to the shore. With no control methods available for preventing pea crab infection, these results suggest that moving mussel farms offshore has the potential to reduce the incidence of pea crabs in mussels and warrants larger-scale assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trottier
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
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22
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Pine MK, Jeffs AG, Radford CA. The cumulative effect on sound levels from multiple underwater anthropogenic sound sources in shallow coastal waters. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Pine
- Institute of Marine Science; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Andrew G. Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Craig A. Radford
- Institute of Marine Science; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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23
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Rossington K, Benson T, Lepper P, Jones D. Eco-hydro-acoustic modeling and its use as an EIA tool. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 75:235-243. [PMID: 23932419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine life is of growing concern and assessment of impacts on marine life is often carried out using predictive underwater noise models to map zones of influence for marine species. However, these models do not predict how a species may react to that noise. In this paper, the results from a modified predictive underwater noise model and a hydrodynamic model are used in an individual based model (IBM) to predict the impacts on cod (Gadhus moruha) from noise generated during a pile driving event at an offshore wind farm in Liverpool Bay, UK. The model included cod which were sensitive to noise and those which were insensitive ('deaf'). Fish movement was from the outer bay into the Dee Estuary, a known feeding ground. The IBM indicated that the cod which could hear took up to 7 days longer to reach their destination than the cod which were deaf. This technique could be used during the consenting process for offshore projects to better understand the potential impact on marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Benson
- HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Paul Lepper
- Sir David Davies Building, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire E11 3TU, UK
| | - Diane Jones
- HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK.
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24
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Katzner T, Johnson JA, Evans DM, Garner TWJ, Gompper ME, Altwegg R, Branch TA, Gordon IJ, Pettorelli N. Challenges and opportunities for animal conservation from renewable energy development. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. A. Johnson
- Institute of Applied Sciences; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton; TX; USA
| | - D. M. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Hull; Hull; UK
| | - T. W. J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - M. E. Gompper
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; USA
| | | | - T. A. Branch
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle; WA; USA
| | - I. J. Gordon
- James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee; Scotland; UK
| | - N. Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
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