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Tsang HF, Pei XM, Wong YKE, Wong SCC. Plasma Circulating mRNA Profile for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer Using NanoString Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3012. [PMID: 38474258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in developed countries. Early CRC may have no symptoms and symptoms usually appear with more advanced diseases. Regular screening can identify people who are at increased risk of CRC in order to offer earlier treatment. A cost-effective non-invasive platform for the screening and monitoring of CRC patients allows early detection and appropriate treatment of the disease, and the timely application of adjuvant therapy after surgical operation is needed. In this study, a cohort of 71 plasma samples that include 48 colonoscopy- and histopathology-confirmed CRC patients with TNM stages I to IV were recruited between 2017 and 2019. Plasma mRNA profiling was performed in CRC patients using NanoString nCounter. Normalized data were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test to determine statistically significant differences between samples from CRC patients and healthy subjects. A multiple-group comparison of clinical phenotypes was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test for statistically significant differences between multiple groups. Among the 27 selected circulating mRNA markers, all of them were found to be overexpressed (gene expression fold change > 2) in the plasma of patients from two or more CRC stages. In conclusion, NanoString-based targeted plasma CRC-associated mRNAs circulating the marker panel that can significantly distinguish CRC patients from a healthy population were developed for the non-invasive diagnosis of CRC using peripheral blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Pathology, Hong Kong Adventist Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Kwan Evelyn Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Al-Omari M, Al-Omari T, Batainah N, Al-Qauod K, Olejnicka B, Janciauskiene S. Beneficial effects of alpha-1 antitrypsin therapy in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:722. [PMID: 37532996 PMCID: PMC10394932 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that chronic inflammatory bowel diseases significantly higher a risk for colorectal cancer development. Among different types of treatments for patients with colon cancer, novel protein-based therapeutic strategies are considered. AIM To explore the effect of human plasma alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein in the chemically induced mouse model of colorectal cancer. METHODS BALB/c mice with azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), we intraperitoneally treated with commercial preparation of human plasma AAT (4 mg per mouse). Effects of this therapy were evaluated histologically, and by immunohistochemical and gene expression assays. RESULTS When compared with non-treated controls, AOM/DSS mice receiving AAT therapy exhibited significantly longer colons, and less anal bleeding. Concurrently, AAT-treated mice had significantly fewer polyps, and lower numbers of large colon tumors. Immunohistochemical examinations of colon tissues showed significantly lower neutrophil counts, more granzyme B-positive but fewer MMP9 (gelatinase B)-positive cancer cells and lower numbers of apoptotic cells in mice receiving AAT therapy. The expression levels of IL4 were significantly higher while TNFA was slightly reduced in tumor tissues of AOM/DSS mice treated with AAT than in AOM/DSS mice. CONCLUSION Human AAT is an acute phase protein with a broad-protease inhibitory and immunomodulatory activities used as a therapeutic for emphysema patients with inherited AAT deficiency. Our results are consistent with previous findings and support an idea that AAT alone and/or in combination with available anti-cancer therapies may represent a new personalized approach for patients with colitis-induced colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al-Omari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.
| | - Tareq Al-Omari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nesreen Batainah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Khaled Al-Qauod
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Beata Olejnicka
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
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3
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Battista A, Battista RA, Battista F, Iovane G, Landi RE. BH-index: A predictive system based on serum biomarkers and ensemble learning for early colorectal cancer diagnosis in mass screening. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 212:106494. [PMID: 34740064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies among the general population. Artificial Intelligence methodologies based on serum parameters are in continuous development to obtain less expensive tools for highly sensitive diagnoses. This study proposes a predictive system based on serum biomarkers and ensemble learning to predict colorectal cancer presence and the related TNM stage in patients. METHODS We have selected 17 significant plasmatic proteins, i.e., Carcinoembryonic Antigen, CA 19-9, CA 125, CA 50, CA 72-4, Tissue Polypeptide Antigen, C-Reactive Protein, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Transferrin, Ferritin, α-1-Antitrypsin, α-2-Macroglobulin, α-1 Acid Glycoprotein, Complement C4, Complement C3, and Retinol Binding Protein, regarding 345 patients (248 affected by the neoplastic disease). The proposed system consists of two predictors, i.e., binary and staging; the former predicts the presence/absence of cancer, while the latter identifies the related TNM stage (I, II, III, or IV). The experiments were conducted by deploying and comparing Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine, and Multilayer Perceptron with feature selection based on Gini Importance and with dimensionality reduction via PCA. RESULTS The results show that the system composed of XGBoost as binary and staging predictor reaches 91.30% accuracy, 90% sensitivity, and 93.33% specificity for the absence/presence outcome, while 66.66% accuracy for the staging response. With the expansion of the training set in favor of positive patients and majority voting, the system composed of the combination of Support Vector Machine, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron as the binary predictor reaches 98.03% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 92.30% specificity, while the combination of Random Forest, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron as staging predictor achieves 60% accuracy. The final system reaches, in terms of accuracy, 98.03%, and 66.66% for the binary and staging predictors, respectively. It was also found that the biomarkers which contribute most to the binary decision are Ceruloplasmin and α-2-Macroglobulin, while the least significant dimensions are CA 50 and α-1-Antitrypsin; instead, Carcinoembryonic Antigen and α-1 Acid Glycoprotein are the most significant to the staging decision. CONCLUSIONS The present study proves the effectiveness of deploying serum biomarkers as feature dimensions for early colorectal cancer diagnosis and of using majority voting for noise reduction in the prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Battista
- A.O.U. S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, UOC Chir Urg, UOC Laboratorio Analisi, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Federica Battista
- IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Iovane
- Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Riccardo Emanuele Landi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Sebzda T, Gnus J, Dziadkowiec B, Latka M, Gburek J. Diagnostic usefulness of selected proteases and acute phase factors in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6673-6688. [PMID: 34754160 PMCID: PMC8554409 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled growth and loss of control over basic metabolic functions, leading to invasive proliferation and metastases, are the salient traits of malignant tumors in general and colorectal cancer in particular. Invasion and metastases hinder effective tumor treatment. While surgical techniques and radiotherapy can be used to remove tumor focus, only chemotherapy can eliminate dispersed neoplastic cells. However, the efficacy of the latter method is limited in the advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, recognition of the mechanisms involved in neoplastic cell spreading is indispensable for developing effective therapies.
AIM To use a number of biomarkers involved in cancer progression and identify a panel that could be used for effective early diagnosis.
METHODS We recruited 185 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (98 men, 87 women with median age 63). Thirty-five healthy controls were sex and age-matched. Dukes’ staging was as follows: A = 22, B = 52, C = 72, D = 39. We analyzed patients' blood serum before surgery. We determined: (1) Cathepsin B (CB) with Barrett's method (fluorogenic substrate); (2) Leukocytic elastase (LE) in a complex with alpha 1 trypsin inhibitor (AAT) using the immunoenzymatic MERCK test; (3) Total sialic acid (TSA) with the colorimetric periodate-resorcinol method; (4) Lipid-bound sialic acid (LASA) with the colorimetric Taut's method; and (5) The antitrypsin activity (ATA) employing the colorimetric test.
RESULTS In patients, the values of the five biochemical parameters were as follows: CB = 16.1 ± 8.8 mU/L, LE = 875 ± 598 µg/L, TSA = 99 ± 31 mg%, LASA = 0.68 ± 0.33 mg%, and ATA = 3211 ± 1504 U/mL. Except for LASA, they were significantly greater than those of controls: CB = 11.4 ± 6.5 mU/L, LE = 379 ± 187 µg/L, TSA = 71.4 ± 15.1 mg%, LASA = 0.69 ± 0.28 mg%, and ATA = 2016 ± 690 U/mL. For CB and LASA, the differences between the four Dukes’ stages and controls were not statistically significant. The inter-stage differences for CB and LASA were also absent. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed the potential diagnostic value of CB, TSA, and ATA. The area under ROC, sensitivity, and specificity for these three parameters were: 0.85, 72%, 90%; 0.75, 66%, 77%; and 0.77, 63%, 84%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the three-parameter panel CB-TSA-ATA were equal to 88.2% and 100%, respectively.
CONCLUSION The increased value of CB, TSA, and ATA parameters are associated with tumor biology, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The presented evidence suggests the potential value of the CB-TSA-ATA biochemical marker panel in early diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Sebzda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland
| | - Jan Gnus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-355, Poland
| | - Barbara Dziadkowiec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Latka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Jakub Gburek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
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Chen X, Sun J, Wang X, Yuan Y, Cai L, Xie Y, Fan Z, Liu K, Jiao X. A Meta-Analysis of Proteomic Blood Markers of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1176-1196. [PMID: 32338203 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427094054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis will significantly improve the survival rate of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the existing methods for CRC screening were either invasive or inefficient. There is an emergency need for novel markers in CRC's early diagnosis. Serum proteomics has gained great potential in discovering novel markers, providing markers that reflect the early stage of cancer and prognosis prediction of CRC. In this paper, the results of proteomics of CRC studies were summarized through a meta-analysis in order to obtain the diagnostic efficiency of novel markers. METHODS A systematic search on bibliographic databases was performed to collect the studies that explore blood-based markers for CRC applying proteomics. The detection and validation methods, as well as the specificity and sensitivity of the biomarkers in these studies, were evaluated. Newcastle- Ottawa Scale (NOS) case-control studies version was used for quality assessment of included studies. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were selected from 751 studies, in which markers detected by proteomics were summarized. In total, fifty-nine proteins were classified according to their biological function. The sensitivity, specificity, or AUC varied among these markers. Among them, Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1/ Serine threonine kinase 4 (MST1/STK4), S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) were suitable for effect sizes merging, and their diagnostic efficiencies were recalculated after merging. MST1/STK4 obtained a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 78%. S100A9 achieved a sensitivity of 72%, a specificity of 83%, and an AUC of 0.88. TIMP1 obtained a sensitivity of 42%, a specificity of 88%, and an AUC of 0.71. CONCLUSION MST1/STK4, S100A9, and TIMP1 showed excellent performance for CRC detection. Several other markers also presented optimized diagnostic efficacy for CRC early detection, but further verification is still needed before they are suitable for clinical use. The discovering of more efficient markers will benefit CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yumeng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Leshan Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yanxuan Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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6
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Jaberie H, Hosseini SV, Naghibalhossaini F. Evaluation of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin for the Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1165-1173. [PMID: 31183614 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous proteomic studies have identified alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) as a potential serum biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this case-control study, we evaluated plasma A1AT concentration and activity as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a group of 113 sporadic CRC patients. We also analyzed A1AT gene promoter methylation, and genotypes in this group of CRC patients. The plasma A1AT and CEA concentrations were measured using the nephelometric and ELISA methods, respectively. A1AT activity was determined by Trypsin Inhibitor Capacity assay. The genomic DNA from blood samples were subjected to Z and S genotype analysis using PCR-RFLP method and the gene promoter methylation in tumors and their adjacent normal tissues was determined by methylation specific-PCR assay. The plasma levels of A1AT and CEA in patients (median, 2.3 g/L and 5.96 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (medians, 1.43 g/L and 2.57 ng/ml, respectively) (p = 0.0001). The plasma A1AT activity and concentrations were positively correlated with the tumor stage and well-discriminated between early and advanced stages. The A1AT activity in plasma was the most useful marker for CRC diagnosis (median 4.8 mmol/min/ml in cases vs 1.91 mmol/min/ml in controls, p = 0.0001). No deficient Z or S alleles of A1AT was observed in patients' genotype and the gene promoter tends to be more methylated in normal mucosa than in tumor tissues. We conclude that plasma A1AT activity has better sensitivity and specificity than CEA measurement for the early detection of CRC. Promoter demethylation might play a role in increasing plasma A1AT levels in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Jaberie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran. .,Autoimmune Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Rodia MT, Ugolini G, Mattei G, Montroni I, Zattoni D, Ghignone F, Veronese G, Marisi G, Lauriola M, Strippoli P, Solmi R. Systematic large-scale meta-analysis identifies a panel of two mRNAs as blood biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30295-306. [PMID: 26993598 PMCID: PMC5058681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. A significant survival rate is achieved if it is detected at an early stage. A whole blood screening test, without any attempt to isolate blood fractions, could be an important tool to improve early detection of colorectal cancer. We searched for candidate markers with a novel approach based on the Transcriptome Mapper (TRAM), aimed at identifying specific RNAs with the highest differential expression ratio between colorectal cancer tissue and normal blood samples. This tool permits a large-scale systematic meta-analysis of all available data obtained by microarray experiments. The targeting of RNA took into consideration that tumour phenotypic variation is associated with changes in the mRNA levels of genes regulating or affecting this variation. A real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR) was applied to the validation of candidate markers in the blood of 67 patients and 67 healthy controls. The expression of genes: TSPAN8, LGALS4, COL1A2 and CEACAM6 resulted as being statistically different. In particular ROC curves attested for TSPAN8 an AUC of 0.751 with a sensitivity of 83.6% and a specificity of 58.2% at a cut off of 10.85, while the panel of the two best genes showed an AUC of 0.861 and a sensitivity of 92.5% with a specificity of 67.2%. Our preliminary study on a total of 134 subjects showed promising results for a blood screening test to be validated in a larger cohort with the staging stratification and in patients with other gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Rodia
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ugolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mattei
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Montroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Zattoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Ghignone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Veronese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCSS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Strippoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research "Giorgio Prodi" (CIRC), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Solmi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
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8
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Zheng W, Song Y, Xie Y, Lin N, Tu M, Liu W, Ping L, Ying Z, Zhang C, Deng L, Wang X, Lu Y, Zhu J. Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins Identification Facilitates the Differential Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:3631-3640. [PMID: 29151949 PMCID: PMC5687180 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins that distinguish patients with and without CNS lymphoma. Methods: We used one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography- electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS) to identify CSF proteins in CNS diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and controls. Results: Approximately 166 CSF proteins were identified, 12 for the first time in the CSF of lymphoma patients. Three proteins with significantly increased expression in CNS lymphoma patients compared with controls - haemopexin, apolipoprotein A1, and transferrin were verified by immunohistochemistry, and found to be strongly expressed in CNS DLBCL and nodal DLBCL. These proteins were found to be localized in the cytoplasm of a human DLBCL cell line by indirect immunofluorescence. ELISA confirmed expression at higher concentrations in the CSF of CNS lymphoma patients. CSF haemopexin, apolipoprotein A1, and transferrin concentrations were detected in CNS lymphoma patients and had diagnostic sensitivities of 80%, 83%, and 70%, and specificities of 75%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that CSF proteins may be potential diagnostic biomarker for CNS lymphoma, especially for patients in which imaging and cytology do not provide a clear diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - YuQin Song
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - NingJing Lin
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - MeiFeng Tu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - WeiPing Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - LingYan Ping
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - ZhiTao Ying
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - LiJuan Deng
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - XiaoPei Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - YouYong Lu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100142, China
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9
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Zhu J, Strickler JH. Clinical applications of liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal oncology. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:675-686. [PMID: 27747082 PMCID: PMC5056252 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
"Liquid biopsies" are blood based assays used to detect and analyze circulating tumor products, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating messenger RNA (mRNA), circulating microRNA (miRNA), circulating exosomes, and tumor educated platelets (TEP). For patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, blood based biopsies may offer several advantages. First, tumor tissue samples are often challenging to procure, and when obtainable, are often insufficient for genomic profiling. Second, blood based assays offer a real-time overview of the entire tumor burden, and allow anatomically unbiased genomic profiling. Third, given the convenience and relative safety of liquid biopsies, this technology may facilitate identification of genomic alterations that confer sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapeutics. This review will assess the clinical applications of circulating tumor products for patients with GI tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John H Strickler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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10
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Quantitative proteomic analysis exploring progression of colorectal cancer: Modulation of the serpin family. J Proteomics 2016; 148:139-48. [PMID: 27492143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer related-death in developed countries. The mortality risk is correlated with the stage of CRC determined at the primary diagnosis and early diagnosis is associated with enhanced survival rate. Currently, only faecal occult blood tests are used to screen for CRC. Consequently, there is an incentive to identify specific markers of CRC. We used quantitative proteomic analysis of serum samples to characterize protein profiles in adenoma, CRC and healthy control samples. We identified 89 distinct proteins modulated between normal, colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients. This list emphasizes proteins involved in enzyme regulator activities and in particular the serpin family. In serum samples, protein profiles of three members of the serpin family (SERPINA1, SERPINA3 and SERPINC1) were confirmed by ELISA assays. We obtained sensitivity/specificity values of 95%/95% for both SERPINA1 and SERPINC1, and 95%/55% for SERPINA3. This study supports the idea that serum proteins can discriminate adenoma and CRC patients from unaffected patients and reveals a panel of regulated proteins that might be useful for selecting patients for colonoscopy. By evaluating SERPINA1, SERPINA3 and SERPINC1, we highlight the potential role of the serpin family during the development and progression of CRC. SIGNIFICANCE Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer mortality throughout the world. However, very few CRC biomarkers have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in clinical practice. To the best of our knowledge our study is the first to profile sera proteomes between adenoma, CRC and healthy patients. We report a comprehensive list of proteins that may be used as early diagnostic biomarkers of CRC. It is noteworthy that 17% of these modulated proteins have been previously described as candidate biomarkers in CRC. Enzyme regulator activity was found to be the main molecular function among these proteins and, in particular, there was an enrichment of members of the serpin family. The subsequent verification on a new cohort by ELISA demonstrates that these serpins could be useful to discriminate healthy from colorectal carcinoma patients with a high sensitivity and specificity. The combination of these biomarkers should increase predictive powers of CRC diagnosis. The remaining candidates form a reserve for further evaluation of additional biomarkers for CRC diagnosis.
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Kwon CH, Park HJ, Choi JH, Lee JR, Kim HK, Jo HJ, Kim HS, Oh N, Song GA, Park DY. Snail and serpinA1 promote tumor progression and predict prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20312-26. [PMID: 26015410 PMCID: PMC4653007 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Snail and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (serpinA1) in tumorigenesis has been previously identified. However, the exact role and mechanism of these proteins in progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are controversial. In this study, we investigated the role of Snail and serpinA1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and examined the mechanisms through which these proteins mediate CRC progression. Immunohistochemical analysis of 528 samples from patients with CRC showed that elevated expression of Snail or serpinA1 was correlated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Moreover, we detected a correlation between Snail and serpinA1 expression. Functional studies performed using the CRC cell lines DLD-1 and SW-480 showed that overexpression of Snail or serpinA1 significantly increased CRC cell invasion and migration. Conversely, knockdown of Snail or serpinA1 expression suppressed CRC cell invasion and migration. ChIP analysis revealed that Snail regulated serpinA1 by binding to its promoter. In addition, fibronectin mediated Snail and serpinA1 signaling was involved in CRC cell invasion and migration. Taken together, our data showed that Snail and serpinA1 promoted CRC progression through fibronectin. These findings suggested that Snail and serpinA1 were novel prognostic biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Ja Rang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Hong-Jae Jo
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Nahmgun Oh
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun Am Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
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Surinova S, Choi M, Tao S, Schüffler PJ, Chang CY, Clough T, Vysloužil K, Khoylou M, Srovnal J, Liu Y, Matondo M, Hüttenhain R, Weisser H, Buhmann JM, Hajdúch M, Brenner H, Vitek O, Aebersold R. Prediction of colorectal cancer diagnosis based on circulating plasma proteins. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1166-78. [PMID: 26253081 PMCID: PMC4568950 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive detection of colorectal cancer with blood-based markers is a critical clinical need. Here we describe a phased mass spectrometry-based approach for the discovery, screening, and validation of circulating protein biomarkers with diagnostic value. Initially, we profiled human primary tumor tissue epithelia and characterized about 300 secreted and cell surface candidate glycoproteins. These candidates were then screened in patient systemic circulation to identify detectable candidates in blood plasma. An 88-plex targeting method was established to systematically monitor these proteins in two large and independent cohorts of plasma samples, which generated quantitative clinical datasets at an unprecedented scale. The data were deployed to develop and evaluate a five-protein biomarker signature for colorectal cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Surinova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meena Choi
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sha Tao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Schüffler
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Machine Learning, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Yun Chang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy Clough
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kamil Vysloužil
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Khoylou
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Weisser
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim M Buhmann
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Machine Learning, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Vitek
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA College of Science and College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ljujic M, Mijatovic S, Bulatovic MZ, Mojic M, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Radojkovic D, Topic A. ALPHA-1 antitrypsin affects U0126-induced cytotoxicity in colon cancer cell line (HCT116). Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331601012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cheruku HR, Mohamedali A, Cantor DI, Tan SH, Nice EC, Baker MS. Transforming growth factor-β, MAPK and Wnt signaling interactions in colorectal cancer. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Discovery and validation of new potential biomarkers for early detection of colon cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106748. [PMID: 25215506 PMCID: PMC4162553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate detection of characteristic proteins secreted by colon cancer tumor cells in biological fluids could serve as a biomarker for the disease. The aim of the present study was to identify and validate new serum biomarkers and demonstrate their potential usefulness for early diagnosis of colon cancer. METHODS The study was organized in three sequential phases: 1) biomarker discovery, 2) technical and biological validation, and 3) proof of concept to test the potential clinical use of selected biomarkers. A prioritized subset of the differentially-expressed genes between tissue types (50 colon mucosa from cancer-free individuals and 100 normal-tumor pairs from colon cancer patients) was validated and further tested in a series of serum samples from 80 colon cancer cases, 23 patients with adenoma and 77 cancer-free controls. RESULTS In the discovery phase, 505 unique candidate biomarkers were identified, with highly significant results and high capacity to discriminate between the different tissue types. After a subsequent prioritization, all tested genes (N = 23) were successfully validated in tissue, and one of them, COL10A1, showed relevant differences in serum protein levels between controls, patients with adenoma (p = 0.0083) and colon cancer cases (p = 3.2e-6). CONCLUSION We present a sequential process for the identification and further validation of biomarkers for early detection of colon cancer that identifies COL10A1 protein levels in serum as a potential diagnostic candidate to detect both adenoma lesions and tumor. IMPACT The use of a cheap serum test for colon cancer screening should improve its participation rates and contribute to decrease the burden of this disease.
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Pérez-Holanda S, Blanco I, Menéndez M, Rodrigo L. Serum concentration of alpha-1 antitrypsin is significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than in healthy controls. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:355. [PMID: 24886427 PMCID: PMC4032587 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently controversial. The present study compares AAT serum concentrations and gene frequencies between a group of CRC patients and a control group of healthy unrelated people (HUP). Methods 267 CRC subjects (63% males, 72 ± 10 years old) were enlisted from a Hospital Clinic setting in Asturias, Spain. The HUP group comprised 327 subjects (67% males, mean age 70 ± 7.5 years old) from the same geographical region. Outcome measures were AAT serum concentrations measured by nephelometry, and AAT phenotyping characterization by isoelectric focusing. Results Significantly higher serum concentrations were found among CRC (208 ± 60) than in HUP individuals (144 ± 20.5) (p = 0.0001). No differences were found in the phenotypic distribution of the Pi*S and Pi*Z allelic frequencies (p = 0.639), although the frequency of Pi*Z was higher in CRC (21%) than in HUP subjects (15%). Conclusions The only statistically significant finding in this study was the markedly higher AAT serum concentrations found in CRC subjects compared with HUP controls, irrespective of whether their Pi* phenotype was normal (Pi*MM) or deficient (Pi*MS, Pi*MZ and Pi*SZ). Although there was a trend towards the more deficient Pi* phenotype the more advanced the tumor, the results were inconclusive due to the small sample size. Consequently, more powerful studies are needed to reach firmer conclusions on this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pérez-Holanda
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Valle del Nalón, 33920 Langreo, Principality of Asturias, Spain.
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Deb S, Fox SB. Molecular profiling in colorectal cancer: current state of play and future directions. COLORECTAL CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/crc.13.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY In the era of molecular scientific discovery, there is a continuing gap between our growing scientific knowledge and its utility at the bedside. This phenomenon probably occurs more frequently in colorectal cancer than in other cancer streams, with thousands of scientific studies having produced only a handful of molecular interventions. This review examines our current practices of molecular profiling in colorectal cancer and the scientific research that may impact on this area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne 3002, Australia.
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Gamage DG, Hendrickson TL. GPI Transamidase and GPI anchored proteins: Oncogenes and biomarkers for cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:446-64. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.831024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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