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Liu Y, Wang S, Yang F, Wang X, Zhang J, Han X, Zhang X, Wang Z. Application and progress of new technologies and new materials in the treatment of pathological scar. Front Chem 2024; 12:1389399. [PMID: 38752199 PMCID: PMC11094272 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1389399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological scars (PS), including hypertrophic scars (HTS) and keloids, are a common complication of poor wound healing that significantly affects patients' quality of life. Currently, there are several treatment options for PS, including surgery, drug therapy, radiation therapy, and biological therapy. However, these treatments still face major challenges such as low efficacy, high side effects, and a high risk of recurrence. Therefore, the search for safer and more effective treatments is particularly urgent. New materials often have less immune rejection, good histocompatibility, and can reduce secondary damage during treatment. New technology can also reduce the side effects of traditional treatments and the recurrence rate after treatment. Furthermore, derivative products of new materials and biomaterials can improve the therapeutic effect of new technologies on PS. Therefore, new technologies and innovative materials are considered better options for enhancing PS. This review concentrates on the use of two emerging technologies, microneedle (MN) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), and two novel materials, photosensitizers and exosomes (Exos), in the treatment of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jierui Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinkun Han
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Czigle S, Nagy M, Mladěnka P, Tóth J. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions-part I. Herbal medicines of the central nervous system. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16149. [PMID: 38025741 PMCID: PMC10656908 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike conventional drug substances, herbal medicines are composed of a complex of biologically active compounds. Therefore, the potential occurrence of herb-drug interactions is even more probable than for drug-drug interactions. Interactions can occur on both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. Herbal medicines may affect the resulting efficacy of the concomitantly used (synthetic) drugs, mainly on the pharmacokinetic level, by changing their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Studies on the pharmacodynamic interactions of herbal medicines and conventional drugs are still very limited. This interaction level is related to the mechanism of action of different plant constituents. Herb-drug interactions can cause changes in drug levels and activities and lead to therapeutic failure and/or side effects (sometimes toxicities, even fatal). This review aims to provide a summary of recent information on the potential drug interactions involving commonly used herbal medicines that affect the central nervous system (Camellia, Valeriana, Ginkgo, Hypericum, Humulus, Cannabis) and conventional drugs. The survey databases were used to identify primary scientific publications, case reports, and secondary databases on interactions were used later on as well. Search keywords were based on plant names (botanical genera), officinal herbal drugs, herbal drug preparations, herbal drug extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Czigle
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tóth
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - the OEMONOM.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Wu JJ, Zhang J, Xia CY, Ding K, Li XX, Pan XG, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. Hypericin: A natural anthraquinone as promising therapeutic agent. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154654. [PMID: 36689857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypericin is a prominent secondary metabolite mainly existing in genus Hypericum. It has become a research focus for a quiet long time owing to its extensively pharmacological activities especially the anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and neuroprotective effects. This review concentrated on summarizing and analyzing the existing studies of hypericin in a comprehensive perspective. METHODS The literature with desired information about hypericin published after 2010 was gained from electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and Wan Fang DATA. RESULTS According to extensive preclinical and clinical studies conducted on the hypericin, an organized and comprehensive summary of the natural and artificial sources, strategies for improving the bioactivities, pharmacological activities, drug combination of hypericin was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential of this active compound. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review offered a theoretical guidance for the follow-up research of hypericin. However, the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and structure activity relationship of hypericin should be further studied in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Dick M, Jamal H, Liu YR, Celli JP, Lilge L. On the need for standardized reporting of photophysical parameters of in vitro photodynamic therapy studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103263. [PMID: 36587862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro dose escalation experiments are one of the first gatekeepers in therapeutic evaluation and development. This also holds for evaluating novel photosensitizers (PS) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) co-therapies as needed to provide dose response guidelines before engaging in further pre-clinical studies. The dose needed to achieve 50% cell kill (LD50) is a standard metric to report the potency of a therapeutic agents that is widely accepted for single-drug therapies. In reporting results of PDT experiments, which involve delivery of both drug and light, it is inherently more complicated to identify such a convenient dose response metric that actually captures the larger space of treatment parameters. In addition to ubiquitous sources of biological variability that apply broadly in biomedical research, PDT treatment efficacy is determined by multiple key parameters that may or may not have been documented, including PS concentration and light fluence, where the latter is itself a function of the spectral properties of the light source used (often not described), not to mention dose rate, fractionation and other parameters that potentially vary between individual studies. It is impossible to compare results between two study when, for example one reports LD50 PS concentration without providing essential light dosimetry details. Motivated by this challenge in comparing outcomes and establishing reproducibility of in vitro PDT studies, we endeavored to perform a meta-analysis of the reporting of PDT results by converting, where possible, the disparately reported experimental details into a consistent metric that could be used to compare across studies. In this context we adopt here the number of photons absorbed by photosensitizers per unit volume to affect a 50% decline in cell survival as a standardized metric. By choosing this metric one can acknowledge the quantum-based generation of cytotoxins. While this metric does not cover every possible source of variability between any two studies, for a PS with known optical properties, this does encapsulate PS concentration as well as irradiance and spectral properties of light delivered. For the sake of focus we adopt this approach for study of reported results with two photosensitizers, Protoporphyrin IX, either synthesized in the cells by aminolevulinic acid or administered exogenously, and Chlorin e6. A literature search was performed to identify in vitro studies with these two photosensitizers and collect necessary information to calculate the absorbed photon LD50 threshold for each study. Only approximately 1/10 of the manuscripts reporting on in vitro studies provide the minimum required information to calculate the threshold values. While the majority of the determined threshold values are within a factor of 10, the range of threshold values spanned close to 7 orders of magnitude for both photosensitizers. To contrast with single-agent therapies, a similar exercise was performed for chemotherapeutic drugs targeting cellular mitosis or tyrosine kinase inhibitors resulted in an LD50 or IC50 range of 1-2 orders of magnitude, with LD50 or IC50 values for a single cell line being within a factor of 5. This review underscores challenges in the reporting of in vitro PDT efficacy. In many cases it takes considerable effort to extract the necessary methodology information to make meaningful comparison between PDT studies. Only when results between studies can be compared is it possible to begin to assess reproducibility which, as shown here, can be a major issue. Hence, guidelines need to be developed and enforced through the peer review process for meaningful reporting of preclinical PDT results in order for the most promising sensitizers and co-therapies to be identified and translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hunain Jamal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Ran Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan P Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Wagner BR, Adamus AL, Hempfling L, Vahdad R, Haap-Hoff A, Heinrich B, Vázquez O, Jank P, Denkert C, Seitz G. Increasing the efficiency of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) by combination with a photosensitive drug in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in an animal model. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29864. [PMID: 35731577 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an option in advanced peritoneal sarcomatosis. Nevertheless, CRS and HIPEC are not successful in all patients. An enhancement of HIPEC using photodynamic therapy (PDT) might be beneficial. Therefore, a combination of the photosensitizer hypericin (HYP) with HIPEC was evaluated in an animal model. PROCEDURE An established HIPEC animal model for rhabdomyosarcoma (NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnullmice, n = 80) was used. All groups received HYP (100 μg/200 μl) intraperitoneally with and without cisplatin-based (30 or 60 mg/m2 ) HIPEC (37°C or 42°C, for 60 minutes) (five groups, each n = 16). Peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was documented visually and by HYP-based photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). HYP-based PDT of the tumor was performed. Tissue samples were evaluated regarding proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (TUNEL). RESULTS HYP uptake was detected even in smallest tumor nodes (<1 mm) with improved tumor detection during PDD (PCI with PDD vs. PCI without PDD: 8.5 vs. 7, p < .001***). Apoptotic effects after PDT without HIPEC were limited to the tumor surface, whereas PDT after HIPEC (60 mg/m2 , 42°C) showed additional reduction of tumor proliferation in the top nine to 11 cell layers (50 μm). CONCLUSION HYP as fluorescent photosensitizer offers an intraoperative diagnostic advantage detecting intraperitoneal tumor dissemination. The combination of HYP and cisplatin-based HIPEC was feasible in vivo, showing enhanced effects on tumor proliferation and apoptosis induction across the tumor surface. Further studies combining HYP and HIPEC will follow to establish a clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt R Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna L Adamus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hempfling
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Reza Vahdad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt Heinrich
- Department of Chemical Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department of Chemical Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Suero Molina E, Black D, Kaneko S, Müther M, Stummer W. Double dose of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its effect on protoporphyrin IX accumulation in low-grade glioma. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:943-952. [PMID: 35213830 DOI: 10.3171/2021.12.jns211724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) does not regularly elicit fluorescence in low-grade glioma (LGG) at currently established doses and timing of administration. One explanation may be differences in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity compared to high-grade glioma. The authors hypothesized that for a BBB semipermeable to 5-ALA there might be a relationship between plasma 5-ALA concentration and its movement into the brain. A higher dose would elicit more 5-ALA conversion into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The authors present a case series of patients harboring LGG who received higher doses of 5-ALA. METHODS Patients undergoing surgery for indeterminate glioma later diagnosed as LGG were included in this study. 5-ALA was administered at a standard dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) 4 hours prior to induction of anesthesia. A subgroup of patients received a higher dose of 40 mg/kg bw. Fluorescence was evaluated visually and PPIX concentration (cPPIX) was determined ex vivo by hyperspectral measurements in freshly extracted tissue. All adverse events were recorded. RESULTS A total of 23 patients harboring diffuse low-grade astrocytomas (n = 19) and oligodendrogliomas (n = 4) were analyzed. Thirteen patients received 20 mg/kg bw, and 10 patients received 40 mg/kg bw of 5-ALA. In the 20 mg/kg group, 30.8% (4 of 13) of tumors harbored areas of visible fluorescence, compared to 60% of cases (n = 6 of 10) with 40 mg/kg bw. The threshold to visibility was 1 μg/ml in both groups. Measured over all biopsies, the mean cPPIX was significantly higher in the double-dose group (1.8 vs 0.45 μg/ml; p < 0.001). In non-visibly fluorescent tissue the mean cPPIX was 0.146 μg/ml in the 20 mg/kg and 0.347 μg/ml in the 40 mg/kg group, indicating an increase of 138% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate different regions with different levels of PPIX accumulation in LGG. With higher 5-ALA doses cPPIX increases, leading to more regions surpassing the visibility threshold of 1 μg/ml. These observations can be explained by the fact that the BBB in LGG is semipermeable to 5-ALA. Higher 5-ALA doses result in more PPIX conversion, an observation with implications for future dosing in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Black
- 2Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Oberkochen, Germany
- 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Sadahiro Kaneko
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michael Müther
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster
| | - Walter Stummer
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster
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Chen ZH, Zhang XH, Lin FH, Li C, Jin JT, Zhou ZH, Zhu SH, Cheng ZQ, Zhong S, He ZQ, Duan H, Wen X, Wang J, Mou YG. The application of fluorescein sodium for the resection of medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2022; 158:463-470. [PMID: 35657459 PMCID: PMC9256568 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Surgical resection of medulloblastoma (MB) remains a challenge. At present, a variety of tracers have been used for intraoperative tumor visualization. However, there are few reports on the intraoperative visualization of MB. Hence, we reported our experience of applying fluorescein sodium (FS) in MB surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical information of patients with MB confirmed by surgery and pathology from January 2016 to December 2020 from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. A total of 62 patients were enrolled, of which 27 received intraoperative FS and 35 did not. The intraoperative dose of FS was 3 mg/kg. Results Among the 62 patients, 42 were males, and twenty were females. The age of onset in the FS group was 9.588 ± 7.322, which in the non-fluorescein sodium group was 13.469 ± 10.968, p = 0.198. We did not find significant differences in tumor location, tumor size, tumor resection, tumor histology, and preoperative symptoms (hydrocephalus, headache, vomit, balance disorder) between the groups. There was no significant difference in the postoperative symptoms (hydrocephalus, headache, vomiting, balance disorder, and cerebellar mutism). However, patients in the FS group had a relatively low incidence of balance disorder and cerebellar mutism. There was definite fluorescence of tumor in all cases of the FS group, and even the tiny metastatic lesion was visible. No case had side effects related to the use of FS. Conclusions FS is safe and effective in MB surgery. Whether the application of FS for surgery can reduce complications remains to be studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-he Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-heng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-hua Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-tian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-huan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-han Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu-qing Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-qiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-gao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
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8
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Guo Y, Nassar S, Ma L, Feng G, Li X, Chen M, Chai T, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Beuerle T, Beerhues L, Wang H, Liu B. Octaketide Synthase from Polygonum cuspidatum Implements Emodin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:424-435. [PMID: 33537755 PMCID: PMC8286135 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant anthranoids are medicinally used for their purgative properties. Their scaffold was believed to be formed by octaketide synthase (OKS), a member of the superfamily of type III polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes. Here, a cDNA encoding OKS of Polygonum cuspidatum was isolated using a homology-based cloning strategy. When produced in Escherichia coli, P. cuspidatum octaketide synthase (PcOKS) catalyzed the condensation of eight molecules of malonyl-CoA to yield a mixture of unphysiologically folded aromatic octaketides. However, when the ORF for PcOKS was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, the anthranoid emodin was detected in the roots of transgenic lines. No emodin was found in the roots of wild-type A. thaliana. This result indicated that OKS is the key enzyme of plant anthranoids biosynthesis. In addition, the root growth of the transgenic A. thaliana lines was inhibited to an extent that resembled the inhibitory effect of exogenous emodin on the root growth of wild-type A. thaliana. Immunochemical studies of P. cuspidatum plants detected PcOKS mainly in roots and rhizome, in which anthranoids accumulate. Co-incubation of E. coli - produced PcOKS and cell-free extract of wild-type A. thaliana roots did not form a new product, suggesting an alternative, physiological folding of PcOKS and its possible interaction with additional factors needed for anthranoids assembling in transgenic A. thaliana. Thus, transgenic A. thaliana plants producing PcOKS provide an interesting system for elucidating the route of plant anthranoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Sara Nassar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Lanqing Ma
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guanping Feng
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Iman A M Abdel-Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Benye Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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Budantsev AL, Prikhodko VA, Varganova IV, Okovityi SV. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. (HYPERICACEAE): A REVIEW. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-1-17-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Budantsev
- Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Science
2, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
| | - V. A. Prikhodko
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
14, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
| | - I. V. Varganova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Science
2, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
| | - S. V. Okovityi
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
14, Prof. Popov St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376
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10
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Anti-Human Cancer Experiments Investigating the Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030229. [PMID: 33800109 PMCID: PMC8000125 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid derivative and a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The photophysical feature of PpIX is clinically used in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These clinical applications are potentially based on in vitro cell culture experiments. Thus, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments is meaningful and may provide opportunities to consider future perspectives in this field. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed to summarize the in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments and calculated the effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT for several cancer cell types. In total, 412 articles were identified, and 77 were extracted based on our inclusion criteria. The calculated effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT was statistically analyzed, which revealed a tendency of cancer-classification-dependent sensitivity to 5-ALA PDT, and stomach cancer was significantly more sensitive to 5-ALA PDT compared with cancers of different origins. Based on our analysis, we suggest a standardized in vitro experimental protocol for 5-ALA PDT.
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11
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Liu Q, Wackenhut F, Wang L, Hauler O, Roldao JC, Adam PM, Brecht M, Gierschner J, Meixner AJ. Direct Observation of Structural Heterogeneity and Tautomerization of Single Hypericin Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1025-1031. [PMID: 33470816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tautomerization is a fundamental chemical reaction which involves the relocation of a proton in the reactants. Studying the optical properties of tautomeric species is challenging because of ensemble averaging. Many molecules, such as porphines, porphycenes, or phenanthroperylene quinones, exhibit a reorientation of the transition dipole moment (TDM) during tautomerization, which can be directly observed in single-molecule experiments. Here, we study single hypericin molecules, which is a prominent phenanthroperylene quinone showing antiviral, antidepressive, and photodynamical properties. Observing abrupt flipping of the image pattern combined with time-dependent density functional theory calculations allows drawing conclusions about the coexistence of four tautomers and their conversion path. This approach allows the unambiguous assignment of a TDM orientation to a specific tautomer and enables the determination of the chemical structure in situ. Our approach can be applied to other molecules showing TDM reorientation during tautomerization, helping to gain a deeper understanding of this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Laboratoire Lumière, Nanomatériaux & Nanotechnologies - L2n and CNRS ERL 7004, Universitéde Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liangxuan Wang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Otto Hauler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Roldao
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Michel Adam
- Laboratoire Lumière, Nanomatériaux & Nanotechnologies - L2n and CNRS ERL 7004, Universitéde Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Marc Brecht
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Labuschagne J. 5-aminolevulinic acid-guided surgery for focal pediatric brainstem gliomas: A preliminary study. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:334. [PMID: 33194268 PMCID: PMC7656004 DOI: 10.25259/sni_246_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a growing body of literature supporting the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the pediatric population, however, its use is still considered “off label” in this setting. In this retrospective study, we report our experience using 5-ALA in pediatric patients with focal brainstem gliomas (BSGs). Methods: Patients younger than 16 years presenting with a newly diagnosed BSG that was focal in nature were considered suitable for treatment with 5-ALA-assisted surgery. Exclusion criteria included MRI features suggestive of a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. A single dose of 5-ALA was administered preoperatively. Intraoperative fluorescence was recorded as “solid,” “vague,” or “none.” The effectiveness of the fluorescence was graded as “helpful” or “unhelpful.” Results: Eight patients underwent 5-ALA-assisted surgery. There were four tumors located in the pons, two midbrain tumors, and two cervicomedullary tumors. Histological analysis demonstrated three diffuse astrocytomas, three pilocytic astrocytomas, and two anaplastic astrocytomas. Solid fluorescence was found in three of the eight cases, vague fluorescence was found in two cases, and no fluorescence was found in three cases. Fluorescence was useful in 3 (37%) cases. No patients experienced any complications attributable to the administration of the 5-ALA. Conclusion: With a total fluorescence rate of 62.5% but a subjectively assessed “usefulness” rate of only 37.5%, the role of 5-ALA in BSG surgery is limited. Given the toxicological safety, however, of the agent, caution is perhaps needed before dismissing the use of 5-ALA entirely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Labuschagne
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Nelson Mandela Childrens Hospital, Parktown, Johanessburg, South Africa
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13
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Abdelhamid S, Sharaf A, Youssef T, Kassab K, Salaheldin TA, Zedan AF. Spectroscopic and photostability study of water-soluble hypericin encapsulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Biophys Chem 2020; 266:106454. [PMID: 32795732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin has gained great attention as a powerful photosensitizing and fluorescent agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence diagnosis (FD) of cancer. However, native hypericin is hydrophobic and nearly insoluble in aqueous media which hinders its photobiological activity. Herein, we demonstrate the encapsulation of hypericin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (hypericin@PVP) as an attractive class of water-soluble formula of hypericin with improved absorption and emission characteristics in water. The absorption and fluorescence properties of the water-soluble hypericin@PVP were studied at room temperature. Also, the photostability of the prepared hypericin@PVP was studied under visible light irradiation. The absorbance and emission measurements confirm the association and binding of hypericin and PVP with a binding constant (Kb) of 1.2 × 105 M-1. The interaction between hypericin and PVP in water could lead to the dissociation of aggregated hypericin into their monomeric state which is crucial for effective photobiological implementation in PDT and FD. Upon encapsulation with PVP, hypericin showed a significant increase in the fluorescence properties with an enhanced emission intensity of 300% at a PVP concentration of 1 × 10-4 M. Moreover, water-soluble hypericin@PVP demonstrated high photostability under visible light irradiation with an irradiance of 15 mW/cm2 and exposure time up to 150 min. This enhancement in the absorption, emission, and photostability of hypericin in water is related to the effects of encapsulation with PVP and the unique spectroscopic properties of the formulated hypericin@PVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Abdelhamid
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ali Sharaf
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; National Food Safety Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tareq Youssef
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Kawser Kassab
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Taher A Salaheldin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, NY, USA
| | - Abdallah F Zedan
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Egypt Nanotechnology Center (EGNC), Cairo University, El-Sheikh Zayed, 12588, Egypt.
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14
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Wu J, Sha J, Zhang C, Liu W, Zheng X, Wang P. Recent advances in theranostic agents based on natural products for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU‐CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jie Sha
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU‐CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Chuangli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU‐CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU‐CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU‐CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU‐CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
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15
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Ma L, Yang X, Yao X, Weng W. Solubilization of Hexyl Aminolevulinate by Surfactants for Tumor Fluorescence Detection. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1088-1095. [PMID: 32125708 DOI: 10.1111/php.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is a lipophilic derivative of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and can induce more protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) formation and stronger fluorescence intensity (FI) than 5-ALA, which will greatly facilitate photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. The main drawback of HAL is its low solubility in neutral aqueous media. In this study, surfactants were used to increase HAL solubility in the cell culture medium and serum, followed by in vitro fluorescence formation measurement in human pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990) and in vivo fluorescence detection in tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that Tween 80 (TW80) and Kolliphor® HS 15 (HS15) increased the solubility of HAL in the selected media. Although TW80 and HS15 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity at high concentrations (5 mg mL-1 ), they facilitated fluorescent signal formation at the early stage of cell incubation. When surfactants were used, the FI should be determined without the routine washing process because surfactant-containing culture medium caused the loss of synthesized PpIX during the washing process. When HAL dissolved in TW80 solution was injected intraperitoneally into pancreatic cancer-bearing mice at a dose of 50 mg kg-1 , the tumors exhibited red fluorescence, which indicated that systemic administration of surfactant-solubilized HAL might be applicable for tumor fluorescence detection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanlin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhong Yao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyu Weng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Liu Q, Wackenhut F, Hauler O, Scholz M, Zur Oven-Krockhaus S, Ritz R, Adam PM, Brecht M, Meixner AJ. Hypericin: Single Molecule Spectroscopy of an Active Natural Drug. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2497-2504. [PMID: 32126168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin is one of the most efficient photosensitizers used in photodynamic tumor therapy (PDT). The reported treatments of this drug reach from antidepressive, antineoplastic, antitumor and antiviral activity. We show that hypericin can be optically detected down to a single molecule at ambient conditions. Hypericin can even be observed inside of a cancer cell, which implies that this drug can be directly used for advanced microscopy techniques (PALM, spt-PALM, or FLIM). Its photostability is large enough to obtain single molecule fluorescence, surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS), fluorescence lifetime, antibunching, and blinking dynamics. Sudden spectral changes can be associated with a reorientation of the molecule on the particle surface. These properties of hypericin are very sensitive to the local environment. Comparison of DFT calculations with SERS spectra show that both the neutral and deprotonated form of hypericin can be observed on the single molecule and ensemble level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Laboratoire Lumière, nanomatériaux & nanotechnologies - L2n and CNRS ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Otto Hauler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Reutlingen Research Institute, Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Scholz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Reutlingen Research Institute, Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sven Zur Oven-Krockhaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Ritz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Schwarzwald-Baar Clinic, Klinikstraße 11, 78052 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Pierre-Michel Adam
- Laboratoire Lumière, nanomatériaux & nanotechnologies - L2n and CNRS ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Marc Brecht
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Reutlingen Research Institute, Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Doustvandi MA, Mohammadnejad F, Mansoori B, Tajalli H, Mohammadi A, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbani E, Khaze V, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Moghaddam MM, Hamblin MR, Baradaran B. Photodynamic therapy using zinc phthalocyanine with low dose of diode laser combined with doxorubicin is a synergistic combination therapy for human SK-MEL-3 melanoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:88-97. [PMID: 31454716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a generally used anticancer strategy for melanoma and it may have improved outcomes in combination with other approaches. One such strategy is photodynamic therapy (PDT), where a photosensitizer (PS) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) after illumination of target cells. Interestingly, in low doses and high doses of light sources, special cellular responses can be induced. Regarding this fact, in this study, the combination of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)-PDT and Doxorubicin (DOX) was applied at low and high dose of diode laser to treat SK-MEL-3 cells. Cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay for assessment synergistic effects were estimated by calculation of Combination Index (CI); that synergistic effects were observed in most groups. In low dose of laser irradiation higher synergism effects were observed. Significant changes of ROS were not observed with combinations, but autophagy, subG1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, decreased cell migration ability and apoptosis induction were significantly increased compared to either treatment alone. The expression of caspase-8, -9, -3 and Bcl-2 genes revealed caspase-dependent apoptosis in all groups. Moreover, ZnPc-PDT and chemo-PDT down-regulated the expression of MMP-9 and Vimentin genes that impaired cell migration. In conclusion, it can be suggested that pre-treatment with ZnPc-PDT has high effects to sensitize SK-MEL-3 cells to DOX, in particular with low dose of diode laser.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fateme Mohammadnejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Habib Tajalli
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Biophotonic Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Vahid Khaze
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Schwake M, Schipmann S, Müther M, Köchling M, Brentrup A, Stummer W. 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery in pediatric brain tumors-a systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019; 161:1099-1108. [PMID: 30989383 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-03898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-guided resection of gliomas in adults enables better differentiation between tumor and normal brain tissue, allowing a higher degree of resection, and improves patient outcomes. In recent years, several reports have emerged regarding the use of 5-ALA in other brain tumor entities, including pediatric brains tumors. Since gross total resection (GTR) of many brain tumors in children is crucial and the role of 5-ALA-guided resection of these tumors is not clear, we sought to perform a comprehensive literature review on this topic. METHODS A systematic literature review of EMBASE and MEDLINE/PubMed databases revealed 19 eligible publications encompassing 175 5-ALA-guided operations on pediatric brain tumors. To prevent bias, publications were revised independently by two authors. RESULTS We found that 5-ALA-guided resection enabled the surgeons to identify the tumor more easily and was considered helpful mainly in cases of glioblastoma (GBM, 21/27, 78%), anaplastic ependymoma WHO grade III (10/14, 71%), and anaplastic astrocytoma (4/6, 67%). In contrast, cases of pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) and medulloblastomas 5-ALA-guided surgery did not show consistent fluorescent signals and 5-ALA was considered helpful only in 12% and 22% of cases, respectively. Accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins seems to depend on WHO tumor grading. One important finding is that when 5-ALA-guided resections were considered helpful, the degree of resection was higher than is cases where it was not helpful. The rate of adverse events related to 5-ALA was negligible, especially new postoperative sequelae. CONCLUSION 5-ALA could play a role in resection of pediatric brain tumors. However, further prospective clinical trials are needed.
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19
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Liu T, Ma X, Ouyang T, Chen H, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Xu M. Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy against keloid compromised by downregulation of SIRT1-SIRT3-SOD2-mROS dependent autophagy pathway. Redox Biol 2019; 20:195-203. [PMID: 30368039 PMCID: PMC6205077 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids exhibit cancer-like properties without spontaneous regression and usually recur post excision. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment, details of the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated mechanisms involved in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)-based PDT against keloid. Found that 5-ALA-PDT induced superoxide anion-dependent autophagic cell death. Application of autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) significantly prevented the effect that 5-ALA-PDT induced keloid-derived fibroblasts death, but Z-VAK-FMK (apoptotic inhibitor) did not. Interestingly, 5-ALA-PDT promoted the SIRT3 protein expression and the activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), but SIRT1 protein expression level was decreased. SOD2 as a key enzyme can decrease mitochondrial ROS (mROS) level, Deacetylation of SOD2 by SIRT3 regulates SOD2 enzymatic activity has been identified. Then we explored SOD2 acetylation level with immunoprecipitation, found that 5-ALA-PDT significantly increased the acetylation levels of SOD2. In order to confirm deacetylation of SOD2 regulated by SIRT3, 3-TYP (SIRT3 inhibitor) was used. Found that inhibition of SIRT3 by 3-TYP significantly increased the level of SOD2 acetylation level compared with control group or 5-ALA-PDT group. To explore the connection of SIRT1 and SIRT3, cells were treated with EX527(SIRT1 inhibitor) or SRT1720 (SIRT1 activator), and EX527 increased SIRT3 protein level, however, SRT1720 displayed the opposite effect in the present or absence of 5-ALA-PDT. Moreover SIRT1-inhibited cells are more resistant to 5-ALA-PDT and showing decreased ROS accumulation. These results may demonstrate that 5-ALA-PDT induced SIRT1 protein level decreased, which promoted the effect of SIRT3 increased activity of SOD2 that can reduce mROS level, and then compromised 5-ALA-PDT induced autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Ouyang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiping Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
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20
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Briel-Pump A, Beez T, Ebbert L, Remke M, Weinhold S, Sabel MC, Sorg RV. Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in medulloblastoma cell lines and sensitivity to subsequent photodynamic treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:298-305. [PMID: 30445362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. High risk patients still have a poor outcome, and especially young patients suffer from standard therapy induced sequelae. Therefore, other therapeutic options need to be explored. In glioblastoma (GBM), application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) results in selective accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in the tumor cells, which can be exploited during fluorescence-guided surgery to increase the extent of resection or for photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced phototoxicity. It is not entirely clear, whether MB cells accumulate PPIX and are sensitive to PDT. METHODS Human MYC-amplified (Med8A and D283) and non-amplified (UW228-2 and ONS76) MB cell lines were incubated for 2, 4 or 6 h with increasing doses (0-100 μg/ml) of 5-ALA, and PPIX accumulation was determined by flow cytometry. To assess sensitivity to 5-ALA/PDT, cells were incubated with 5-ALA and subsequently exposed to laser light of 635 nm wavelength (18.75 J/cm2). After an additional 24 h culture period, viability of cells was quantified using the WST-1 assay. Expression of ferrochelatase was detected by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Ferrochelatase activity was quantified by measuring the enzymatic conversion of PPIX to zinc-protoporphyrin. Expression of the ABCG2 transporter protein CD338 was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS All MB cell lines showed a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of PPIX after exposure to exogenous 5-ALA and became sensitive to 5-ALA/PDT-induced phototoxicity. PPIX accumulation was reduced compared to U373 GBM cells at shorter incubation periods and limiting 5-ALA doses. Moreover, not all MB cells became PPIX positive and overall phototoxicity was lower in the MB cell lines. Notably, the MYC-amplified MB cells demonstrated a more pronounced photosensitivity compared to their non-amplified counterparts. There was no difference in expression of ferrochelatase, but enzymatic activity appeared to be reduced in the MB cells compared to U373 GBM cells, whereas CD338 was expressed on the MB cells only. CONCLUSION Medulloblastoma cell lines accumulate PPIX after application of 5-ALA and become sensitive to PDT, associated with low ferrochelatase expression and activity. Photosensitivity is more pronounced in MYC-amplified cell lines. In contrast to GBM cells, however, PPIX accumulation appears to be reduced, restricted to a subset of cells and associated with lower photosensitivity of the MB cell lines, possibly due to expression of the ABCG2 transporter protein CD338 on MB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Briel-Pump
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Beez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Ebbert
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Inhibiting ABCG2 could potentially enhance the efficacy of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in spheroidal cell models of colorectal cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:221-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nimsky C, Carl B. Historical, Current, and Future Intraoperative Imaging Modalities. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2017; 28:453-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Borghi-Pangoni FB, Junqueira MV, de Souza Ferreira SB, Silva LL, Rabello BR, de Castro LV, Baesso ML, Diniz A, Caetano W, Bruschi ML. Preparation and characterization of bioadhesive system containing hypericin for local photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:284-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Stummer W, Stepp H, Wiestler OD, Pichlmeier U. Randomized, Prospective Double-Blinded Study Comparing 3 Different Doses of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Fluorescence-Guided Resections of Malignant Gliomas. Neurosurgery 2017; 81:230-239. [PMID: 28379547 PMCID: PMC5808499 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is used for fluorescence-guided resections of malignant glioma at a dose of 20 mg/kg; yet, it is unknown whether lower doses may also provide efficacy. OBJECTIVE To perform a double-blinded randomized study comparing 3 different doses of 5-ALA. METHODS Twenty-one patients with suspected malignant glioma were randomly assigned to 0.2, 2, or 20 mg/kg 5-ALA. Investigators were unaware of dose. Intraoperatively, regions of interest were first defined in tumor core, margin, and adjacent white matter under white light. Under violet-blue illumination, the surgeon's impression of fluorescence was recorded per region, followed by spectrometry and biopsy. Plasma was collected after administration and analyzed for 5-ALA and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) content. RESULTS The positive predictive value of fluorescence was 100%. Visual and spectrometric fluorescence assessment showed 20 mg/kg to elicit the strongest fluorescence in tumor core and margins, which correlated with cell density. Spectrometric and visual fluorescence correlated significantly. A 10-fold increase in 5-ALA dose (2-20 mg/kg) resulted in a 4-fold increase of fluorescence contrast between marginal tumor and adjacent brain. t max for 5-ALA was 0.94 h for 20 mg/kg (0.2 kg: 0.50 h, 2 mg/kg: 0.61 h). Integrated PPIX plasma levels were 255.8 and 779.9 mcg*h/l (2 vs 20 mg/kg). Peak plasma concentrations were observed at 1.89 ± 0.71 and 7.83 ± 0.68 h (2 vs 20 mg/kg; average ± Standard Error of Mean [SEM]). CONCLUSION The highest visible and measurable fluorescence was yielded by 20 mg/kg. No fluorescence was elicited at 0.2 mg/kg. Increasing 5-ALA doses did not result in proportional increases in tissue fluorescence or PPIX accumulation in plasma, indicating that doses higher than 20 mg/kg will not elicit useful increases in fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Research Laboratory, LIFE-Center at University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Pichlmeier
- Medac GmbH, Gesellschaft für klinische Spezialpräparate mbH, Wedel, Germany
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Huntosova V, Novotova M, Nichtova Z, Balogova L, Maslanakova M, Petrovajova D, Stroffekova K. Assessing light-independent effects of hypericin on cell viability, ultrastructure and metabolism in human glioma and endothelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:184-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Gaid M, Haas P, Beuerle T, Scholl S, Beerhues L. Hyperforin production in Hypericum perforatum root cultures. J Biotechnol 2016; 222:47-55. [PMID: 26876610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum are used to treat depression and skin irritation. A major API is hyperforin, characterized by sensitivity to light, oxygen and temperature. Total synthesis of hyperforin is challenging and its content in field-grown plants is variable. We have established in vitro cultures of auxin-induced roots, which are capable of producing hyperforin, as indicated by HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS analyses. The extraction yield and the productivity upon use of petroleum ether after solvent screening were ∼5 mg/g DW and ∼50 mg/L culture after six weeks of cultivation. The root cultures also contained secohyperforin and lupulones, which were not yet detected in intact plants. In contrast, they lacked another class of typical H. perforatum constituents, hypericins, as indicated by the analysis of methanolic extracts. Hyperforins and lupulones were stabilized and enriched as dicyclohexylammonium salts. Upon up-scaling of biomass production and downstream processing, H. perforatum root cultures may provide an alternative platform for the preparation of medicinal extracts and the isolation of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Gaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Paul Haas
- Institute of Chemical and Thermal Process Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Stephan Scholl
- Institute of Chemical and Thermal Process Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Potential Molecular Mechanisms Involved in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid–Based Photodynamic Therapy against Human Hypertrophic Scars. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 136:715-727. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bernal C, Ribeiro AO, Andrade GP, Perussi JR. Photodynamic efficiency of hypericin compared with chlorin and hematoporphyrin derivatives in HEp-2 and Vero epithelial cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:176-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Stummer W, Rodrigues F, Schucht P, Preuss M, Wiewrodt D, Nestler U, Stein M, Artero JMC, Platania N, Skjøth-Rasmussen J, Puppa AD, Caird J, Cortnum S, Eljamel S, Ewald C, González-García L, Martin AJ, Melada A, Peraud A, Brentrup A, Santarius T, Steiner HH. Predicting the "usefulness" of 5-ALA-derived tumor fluorescence for fluorescence-guided resections in pediatric brain tumors: a European survey. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:2315-24. [PMID: 25248327 PMCID: PMC4232748 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five-aminolevulinic acid (Gliolan, medac, Wedel, Germany, 5-ALA) is approved for fluorescence-guided resections of adult malignant gliomas. Case reports indicate that 5-ALA can be used for children, yet no prospective study has been conducted as of yet. As a basis for a study, we conducted a survey among certified European Gliolan users to collect data on their experiences with children. METHODS Information on patient characteristics, MRI characteristics of tumors, histology, fluorescence qualities, and outcomes were requested. Surgeons were further asked to indicate whether fluorescence was "useful", i.e., leading to changes in surgical strategy or identification of residual tumor. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used for defining cohorts with high or low likelihoods for useful fluorescence. RESULTS Data on 78 patients <18 years of age were submitted by 20 centers. Fluorescence was found useful in 12 of 14 glioblastomas (85 %), four of five anaplastic astrocytomas (60 %), and eight of ten ependymomas grades II and III (80 %). Fluorescence was found inconsistently useful in PNETs (three of seven; 43 %), gangliogliomas (two of five; 40 %), medulloblastomas (two of eight, 25 %) and pilocytic astrocytomas (two of 13; 15 %). RPA of pre-operative factors showed tumors with supratentorial location, strong contrast enhancement and first operation to have a likelihood of useful fluorescence of 64.3 %, as opposed to infratentorial tumors with first surgery (23.1 %). CONCLUSIONS Our survey demonstrates 5-ALA as being used in pediatric brain tumors. 5-ALA may be especially useful for contrast-enhancing supratentorial tumors. These data indicate controlled studies to be necessary and also provide a basis for planning such a study.
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Successful in vivo tumor visualization using fluorescence laparoscopy in a mouse model of disseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Surg Endosc 2014; 29:1105-14. [PMID: 25149634 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for rhabdomyosarcoma is challenging due to a lack of clear delineation between tumor and surrounding tissue. Mutilating surgery can be necessary in difficult tumor localizations. Therefore, novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo tumor detection of RMS using fluorescence laparoscopy and to analyze the efficacy of hypericin-induced photodynamic therapy in a mouse model. METHODS Seventeen NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnull-mice were divided into four groups. In group 1, mCherry-expressing tumor cells and in group 2-4 non-transfected tumor cells were xenotransplanted. Three weeks later, one fluorochrome per group (ICG, ICG-cetuximab, hypericin) was injected. Fluorescence laparoscopy was carried out and tumors were resected using fluorescence guidance. In the hypericin group, photodynamic therapy was performed using blue light and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL test. RESULTS A clear discrimination between healthy and tumor tissue was feasible by fluorescending properties with mCherry expressing tumor cells and after injection of hypericin. No fluorescence was detected in mice injected with ICG and ICG-labeled cetuximab. Hypericin photodynamic therapy induced apoptosis of tumor cells after exposure to blue light. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis was feasible using mCherry-transfected tumor cells or hypericin. Additionally, intraoperative photodynamic therapy was possible and effective.
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Schwake M, Günes D, Köchling M, Brentrup A, Schroeteler J, Hotfilder M, Fruehwald MC, Stummer W, Ewelt C. Kinetics of porphyrin fluorescence accumulation in pediatric brain tumor cells incubated in 5-aminolevulinic acid. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:1077-84. [PMID: 24777761 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) enables more complete resections of tumors in adults. 5-ALA elicits accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins in various cancerous tissues, which can be visualized using a modified neurosurgical microscope with blue light. Although this technique is well established in adults, it has not been investigated systematically in pediatric brain tumors. Specifically, it is unknown how quickly, how long, and to what extent various pediatric tumors accumulate fluorescence. The purpose of this study was to determine utility and time course of 5-ALA-induced fluorescence in typical pediatric brain tumors in vitro. METHODS Cell cultures of medulloblastoma [DAOY and UW228], cPNET [PFSK] atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor [BT16] and ependymoma [RES196] were incubated with 5-ALA for either 60 minutes or continuously. Porphyrin fluorescence intensities were determined using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours. C6 and U87 cells served as controls. RESULTS All pediatric brain tumor cell lines displayed fluorescence compared to their respective controls without 5-ALA (p < 0.05). Sixty minutes of incubation resulted in peaks between 3 and 6 hours, whereas continuous incubation resulted in peaks at 12 hours or beyond. 60 minute incubation peak levels were between 52 and 91 % of maxima achieved with continuous incubation. Accumulation and clearance varied between cell types. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that 5-ALA exposure of cell lines derived from typical pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors induces accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins. Differences in uptake and clearance indicate that different application modes may be necessary for fluorescence-guided resection, depending on tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149, Münster, Germany,
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Preuß M, Renner C, Krupp W, Christiansen H, Fischer L, Merkenschlager A, Kieß W, Müller W, Manzo N, Meixensberger J, Nestler U. The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence guidance in resection of pediatric brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:1263-7. [PMID: 23708867 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whereas in the adult population 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence guidance has been widely accepted for improving the extent of tumor resection, the application in children remains an off-label use. Even though most pediatric study protocols require a complete resection for improving outcome parameters, only few pediatric patients have been operated with fluorescence guidance, and it remains questionable, whether and which pediatric tumors show useful fluorescence. We present casuistic reports of application of 5-ALA in children collected from three different neurosurgical departments. PATIENTS AND METHODS In children with suspected malignant intracerebral tumor or recurrence, individual informed consent was obtained in each case from the parents. 5-ALA was administered according to the adult protocol, with 20 mg/kg, 2 h before induction of anesthesia. We retrospectively analyzed 18 patients (13 male, 5 female; age 3-18 years), using the intraoperative neurosurgical protocol, the postoperative MRI results, and the follow-up clinical examinations. RESULTS The use of 5-ALA fluorescence guidance proved to be safe in our group of pediatric patients. Fluorescence guidance was most useful for recurrent glioblastoma resection. Medulloblastoma tissue displayed fluorescence only inconsistently, and most pilocytic astrocytoma remained without staining. Ganglioglioma showed partial staining in the central tumor areas, without allowing the use for circumferent resection. CONCLUSION The off-label use of 5-ALA fluorescence guidance in pediatric patients appears to be most useful in recurrent high-grade gliomas. Fluorescence accumulation in other pediatric brain tumor entities is not predictable and should be evaluated in future clinical studies before being integrated into the current treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Preuß
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Microendoscopy for hypericin fluorescence tumor diagnosis in a subcutaneous glioma mouse model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:552-60. [PMID: 24284111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatment strategies for malignant gliomas are indispensible, due to the poor prognosis for patients. Fluorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are currently under intensive investigation and seem to improve the prognosis. Especially for deep seated malignant brain lesions and in order to optimize therapy new diagnostic tools are needed. METHODS In a syngeneic subcutaneous glioma mouse model we investigated the time dependent hypericin (HYP) uptake in malignant tumor tissue by microendoscopically fluorescence measurements. The HYP fluorescence in tumor was also detected by fluorescence microscopy (FM) and was compared to endoscopic data. RESULTS Both methods, microendoscopy and FM, demonstrated time dependent HYP uptake in subcutaneously implanted mouse glioma. Maximum of HYP uptake was achieved after 6h, measured with both methods. FM reached a 10-fold increase in fluorescence intensity compared to the autofluorescence. Measured by microendoscopy a 2.2-fold HYP fluorescence intensity compared to the autofluorescence was detected. Microendoscopy enables visualization of small vessels even in healthy brain tissue by intravascular HYP fluorescence. CONCLUSION The new developed microendoscope enables not only fluorescence based discrimination of tumor and healthy tissue, but also semiquantitative measurements of fluorescence intensities in vivo. Individual repetitive fluorescence diagnosis will become possible by this method and opens up new possibilities for determining optimal settings of light applications for PDT.
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