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Rosenfeld CS. Placenta Extracellular Vesicles: Messengers Connecting Maternal and Fetal Systems. Biomolecules 2024; 14:995. [PMID: 39199382 PMCID: PMC11352387 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The placenta operates during gestation as the primary communication organ between the mother and fetus. It is essential for gas, nutrient exchange, and fetal waste transfer. The placenta also produces a wide range of hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology, including survival and activity of the corpus luteum of the ovary, but the means whereby the placenta shapes fetal development remain less clear, although the fetal brain is thought to be dependent upon the placenta for factors that play roles in its early differentiation and growth, giving rise to the term "placenta-brain axis". Placental hormones transit via the maternal and fetal vasculature, but smaller placental molecules require protection from fetal and maternal metabolism. Such biomolecules include small RNA, mRNA, peptides, lipids, and catecholamines that include serotonin and dopamine. These compounds presumably shuttle to maternal and fetal systems via protective extracellular vesicles (EVs). Placental EVs (pEVs) and their components, in particular miRNA (miRs), are known to play important roles in regulating maternal systems, such as immune, cardiovascular, and reproductive functions. A scant amount is known about how pEVs affect fetal cells and tissues. The composition of pEVs can be influenced by gestational diseases. This review will provide critical insight into the roles of pEVs as the intermediary link between maternal and fetal systems, the impact of maternal pathologies on pEV cargo contents, and how an understanding of biomolecular changes within pEVs in health and disease might be utilized to design early diagnostic and mitigation strategies to prevent gestational diseases and later offspring disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Rosenfeld CS. Should Pregnant Women Consume Probiotics to Combat Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical-Induced Health Risks to Their Unborn Offspring? Biomedicines 2024; 12:1628. [PMID: 39200093 PMCID: PMC11351870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have become so pervasive in our environment and daily lives that it is impossible to avoid contact with such compounds, including pregnant women seeking to minimize exposures to themselves and their unborn children. Developmental exposure of humans and rodent models to bisphenol A (BPA) and other EDCs is linked to increased anxiogenic behaviors, learning and memory deficits, and decreased socio-sexual behaviors. Prenatal exposure to BPA and other EDCs leads to longstanding and harmful effects on gut microbiota with reductions in beneficial bacteria, i.e., gut dysbiosis, and such microbial changes are linked to host changes in fecal metabolites, including those involved in carbohydrate metabolism and synthesis, and neurobehavioral alterations in adulthood, in particular, social and cognitive deficits. Gut dysbiosis is increasingly being recognized as a key driver of a myriad of diseases, ranging from metabolic, cardiovascular, reproductive, and neurobehavioral disorders via the gut-microbiome-brain axis. Thus, EDCs might induce indirect effects on physical and mental health by acting as microbiome-disrupting chemicals. Findings raise the important question as to whether pregnant women should consume a probiotic supplement to mitigate pernicious effects of EDCs, especially BPA, on themselves and their unborn offspring. Current studies investigating the effects of maternal probiotic supplementation on pregnant women's health and that of their unborn offspring will be reviewed. Data will inform on the potential application of probiotic supplementation to reverse harmful effects of EDCs, especially BPA, in pregnant women unwittingly exposed to these compounds and striving to give their offspring the best start in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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vom Saal FS, Antoniou M, Belcher SM, Bergman A, Bhandari RK, Birnbaum LS, Cohen A, Collins TJ, Demeneix B, Fine AM, Flaws JA, Gayrard V, Goodson WH, Gore AC, Heindel JJ, Hunt PA, Iguchi T, Kassotis CD, Kortenkamp A, Mesnage R, Muncke J, Myers JP, Nadal A, Newbold RR, Padmanabhan V, Palanza P, Palma Z, Parmigiani S, Patrick L, Prins GS, Rosenfeld CS, Skakkebaek NE, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM, Swan SH, Taylor JA, Toutain PL, von Hippel FA, Welshons WV, Zalko D, Zoeller RT. The Conflict between Regulatory Agencies over the 20,000-Fold Lowering of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for Bisphenol A (BPA) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:45001. [PMID: 38592230 PMCID: PMC11003459 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended lowering their estimated tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) 20,000-fold to 0.2 ng / kg body weight ( BW ) / day . BPA is an extensively studied high production volume endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with a vast array of diseases. Prior risk assessments of BPA by EFSA as well as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have relied on industry-funded studies conducted under good laboratory practice protocols (GLP) requiring guideline end points and detailed record keeping, while also claiming to examine (but rejecting) thousands of published findings by academic scientists. Guideline protocols initially formalized in the mid-twentieth century are still used by many regulatory agencies. EFSA used a 21st century approach in its reassessment of BPA and conducted a transparent, but time-limited, systematic review that included both guideline and academic research. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) opposed EFSA's revision of the TDI for BPA. OBJECTIVES We identify the flaws in the assumptions that the German BfR, as well as the FDA, have used to justify maintaining the TDI for BPA at levels above what a vast amount of academic research shows to cause harm. We argue that regulatory agencies need to incorporate 21st century science into chemical hazard identifications using the CLARITY-BPA (Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity) nonguideline academic studies in a collaborative government-academic program model. DISCUSSION We strongly endorse EFSA's revised TDI for BPA and support the European Commission's (EC) apparent acceptance of this updated BPA risk assessment. We discuss challenges to current chemical risk assessment assumptions about EDCs that need to be addressed by regulatory agencies to, in our opinion, become truly protective of public health. Addressing these challenges will hopefully result in BPA, and eventually other structurally similar bisphenols (called regrettable substitutions) for which there are known adverse effects, being eliminated from all food-related and many other uses in the EU and elsewhere. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S. vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Antoniou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Scott M. Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ake Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramji K. Bhandari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- Scientist Emeritus and Former Director, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Scholar in Residence, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aly Cohen
- Integrative Rheumatology Associates, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Terrence J. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Comparative Physiology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, Paris, France
| | - Anne Marie Fine
- Environmental Medicine Education International, Mancos, Colorado, USA
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana—Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Veronique Gayrard
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - William H. Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea C. Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia A. Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Retha R. Newbold
- Scientist Emeritus, NTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Unit of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lyn Patrick
- Environmental Medicine Education International, Mancos, Colorado, USA
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Niels E. Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Sonnenschein
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana M. Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia A. Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- NTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frank A. von Hippel
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wade V. Welshons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Zalko
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - R. Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Kinkade JA, Seetharam AS, Sachdev S, Bivens NJ, Phinney BS, Grigorean G, Roberts RM, Tuteja G, Rosenfeld CS. Extracellular vesicles from mouse trophoblast cells: Effects on neural progenitor cells and potential participants in the placenta-brain axis†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:310-328. [PMID: 37883444 PMCID: PMC10873279 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetal brain of the mouse is thought to be dependent upon the placenta as a source of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and other factors. How factors reach the developing brain remains uncertain but are postulated here to be part of the cargo carried by placental extracellular vesicles (EV). We have analyzed the protein, catecholamine, and small RNA content of EV from mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSC) and TSC differentiated into parietal trophoblast giant cells (pTGC), potential primary purveyors of 5-HT. Current studies examined how exposure of mouse neural progenitor cells (NPC) to EV from either TSC or pTGC affect their transcriptome profiles. The EV from trophoblast cells contained relatively high amounts of 5-HT, as well as dopamine and norepinephrine, but there were no significant differences between EV derived from pTGC and from TSC. Content of miRNA and small nucleolar (sno)RNA, however, did differ according to EV source, and snoRNA were upregulated in EV from pTGC. The primary inferred targets of the microRNA (miRNA) from both pTGC and TSC were mRNA enriched in the fetal brain. NPC readily internalized EV, leading to changes in their transcriptome profiles. Transcripts regulated were mainly ones enriched in neural tissues. The transcripts in EV-treated NPC that demonstrated a likely complementarity with miRNA in EV were mainly up- rather than downregulated, with functions linked to neuronal processes. Our results are consistent with placenta-derived EV providing direct support for fetal brain development and being an integral part of the placenta-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kinkade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arun S Seetharam
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shrikesh Sachdev
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- Genomics Technology Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Grigorean
- Proteomics Core UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Howdeshell KL, Beverly BEJ, Blain RB, Goldstone AE, Hartman PA, Lemeris CR, Newbold RR, Rooney AA, Bucher JR. Evaluating endocrine disrupting chemicals: A perspective on the novel assessments in CLARITY-BPA. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1345-1397. [PMID: 37646438 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Bisphenol A Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA) was a collaborative research effort to better link academic research with governmental guideline studies. This review explores the secondary goal of CLARITY-BPA: to identify endpoints or technologies from CLARITY-BPA and prior/concurrent literature from these laboratories that may enhance the capacity of rodent toxicity studies to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted with search terms for BPA and the CLARITY-BPA participants. Relevant studies employed a laboratory rodent model and reported results on 1 of the 10 organs/organ systems evaluated in CLARITY-BPA (brain and behavior, cardiac, immune, mammary gland, ovary, penile function, prostate gland and urethra, testis and epididymis, thyroid hormone and metabolism, and uterus). Study design and findings were summarized, and a risk-of-bias assessment was conducted. RESULTS Several endpoints and methods were identified as potentially helpful to detect effects of EDCs. For example, molecular and quantitative morphological approaches were sensitive in detecting alterations in early postnatal development of the brain, ovary, and mammary glands. Hormone challenge studies mimicking human aging reported increased susceptibility of the prostate to disease following developmental BPA exposure. Statistical analyses for nonmonotonic dose responses, and computational approaches assessing multiple treatment-related outcomes concurrently in linked hormone-sensitive organ systems, reported effects at low BPA doses. CONCLUSIONS This review provided an opportunity to evaluate the unique insights provided by nontraditional assessments in CLARITY-BPA to identify technologies and endpoints to enhance detection of EDCs in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kembra L Howdeshell
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandiese E J Beverly
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Retha R Newbold
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- NIEHS, retired, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Andrew A Rooney
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Bucher
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- NIEHS, retired, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
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Lupu DI, Cediel Ulloa A, Rüegg J. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Hippocampal Development: The Role of Estrogen and Androgen Signaling. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1193-1214. [PMID: 37356425 DOI: 10.1159/000531669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormones are important regulators of key processes during fetal brain development. Thus, the developing brain is vulnerable to the action of chemicals that can interfere with endocrine signals. Epidemiological studies have pointed toward sexually dimorphic associations between neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as cognitive abilities, in children and prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This points toward disruption of sex steroid signaling in the development of neural structures underlying cognitive functions, such as the hippocampus, an essential mediator of learning and memory processes. Indeed, during development, the hippocampus is subjected to the organizational effects of estrogens and androgens, which influence hippocampal cell proliferation, differentiation, dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis in the hippocampal fields of Cornu Ammonis and the dentate gyrus. These early organizational effects correlate with a sexual dimorphism in spatial cognition and are subject to exogenous chemical perturbations. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the organizational effects of estrogens and androgens on the developing hippocampus and the evidence for hippocampal-dependent learning and memory perturbations induced by developmental exposure to EDCs. We conclude that, while it is clear that sex hormone signaling plays a significant role during hippocampal development, a complete picture at the molecular and cellular levels would be needed to establish causative links between the endocrine modes of action exerted by EDCs and the adverse outcomes these chemicals can induce at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Ioana Lupu
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Maternal Oxycodone Treatment Results in Neurobehavioral Disruptions in Mice Offspring. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0150-21.2021. [PMID: 34312305 PMCID: PMC8354714 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0150-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid drugs are increasingly being prescribed to pregnant women. Such compounds can also bind and activate opioid receptors in the fetal brain, which could lead to long-term brain and behavioral disruptions. We hypothesized that maternal treatment with oxycodone (OXY), the primary opioid at the center of the current crisis, leads to later neurobehavioral disorders and gene expression changes in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of resulting offspring. Female mice were treated daily with 5 mg OXY/kg or saline solution (control; CTL) for two weeks before breeding and then throughout gestation. Male and female offspring from both groups were tested with a battery of behavioral and metabolic tests to measure cognition, exploratory-like, anxiety-like, voluntary physical activity, and socio-communication behaviors. qPCR analyses were performed for candidate gene expression patterns in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of OXY and CTL derived offspring. Developmental exposure to OXY caused socio-communication changes that persisted from weaning through adulthood. Such offspring also showed cognitive impairments, reduced voluntary physical activity, and weighed more than CTL counterparts. In the hippocampus, prenatal exposure to OXY caused sex-dependent differences in expression of genes encoding opioid receptors and those involved in serotonin signaling. OXY exposure induced changes in neuropeptide hormone expression and the epigenetic modulator, Dnmt3a, in the hypothalamus, which could result in epigenetic changes in this brain region. The findings suggest cause for concern that consumption of OXY by pregnant mothers may result in permanent neurobehavioral changes in their offspring. Further work is needed to determine the potential underpinning epigenetic mechanisms.
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Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the neuroendocrine system: Beyond estrogen, androgen, and thyroid. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:101-150. [PMID: 34452685 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals occupy our bodies, a situation that threatens the health of present and future generations. This chapter focuses on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), both naturally occurring and man-made, that affect the neuroendocrine system to adversely impact health, with an emphasis on reproductive and metabolic pathways. The neuroendocrine system is highly sexually dimorphic and essential for maintaining homeostasis and appropriately responding to the environment. Comprising both neural and endocrine components, the neuroendocrine system is hormone sensitive throughout life and touches every organ system in the body. The integrative nature of the neuroendocrine system means that EDCs can have multi-system effects. Additionally, because gonadal hormones are essential for the sex-specific organization of numerous neuroendocrine pathways, endocrine disruption of this programming can lead to permanent deficits. Included in this review is a brief history of the neuroendocrine disruption field and a thorough discussion of the most common and less well understood neuroendocrine disruption modes of action. Also provided are extensive examples of how EDCs are likely contributing to neuroendocrine disorders such as obesity, and evidence that they have the potential for multi-generational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Kaur S, Kinkade JA, Green MT, Martin RE, Willemse TE, Bivens NJ, Schenk AK, Helferich WG, Trainor BC, Fass J, Settles M, Mao J, Rosenfeld CS. Disruption of global hypothalamic microRNA (miR) profiles and associated behavioral changes in California mice (Peromyscus californicus) developmentally exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Horm Behav 2021; 128:104890. [PMID: 33221288 PMCID: PMC7897400 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), e.g., bisphenol A (BPA) or genistein (GEN), causes longstanding epigenome effects. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate which mRNAs will be translated to proteins and thereby serve as the final checkpoint in epigenetic control. Scant amount is known, however, whether EDCs affect neural miRNA (miR) patterns. We aimed to test the hypothesis that developmental exposure of California mice (Peromyscus californicus) to GEN, BPA, or both chemicals influences hypothalamic miR/small RNA profiles and ascertain the extent such biomolecular alterations correlate with behavioral and metabolic changes. California mice were developmentally exposed to GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight, FW), GEN (250 mg/kg FW)+BPA (5 mg/kg FW), low dose (LD) BPA (5 mg/kg FW), or upper dose (UD) BPA (50 mg/kg FW). Adult offspring were tested in a battery of behavioral and metabolic tests; whereupon, mice were euthanized, brains were collected and frozen, small RNAs were isolated from hypothalamic punches, and subsequently sequenced. California mice exposed to one or both EDCs engaged in one or more repetitive behaviors. GEN, LD BPA, and UD BPA altered aspects of ultrasonic and audible vocalizations. Each EDC exposure led to sex-dependent differences in differentially expressed miR/small RNAs with miR7-2, miR146, and miR148a being increased in all female and male EDC exposed groups. Current findings reveal that developmental exposure to GEN and/or BPA affects hypothalamic miR/small RNA expression patterns, and such changes correlate with EDC-induced behavioral and metabolic alterations. miR146 is likely an important mediator and biomarker of EDC exposure in mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabjit Kaur
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Madison T Green
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rachel E Martin
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Tess E Willemse
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian C Trainor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseph Fass
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthew Settles
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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10
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Heindel JJ, Belcher S, Flaws JA, Prins GS, Ho SM, Mao J, Patisaul HB, Ricke W, Rosenfeld CS, Soto AM, Vom Saal FS, Zoeller RT. Data integration, analysis, and interpretation of eight academic CLARITY-BPA studies. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:29-60. [PMID: 32682780 PMCID: PMC7365109 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
"Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity" (CLARITY-BPA) was a comprehensive "industry-standard" Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant 2-year chronic exposure study of bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity that was supplemented by hypothesis-driven independent investigator-initiated studies. The investigator-initiated studies were focused on integrating disease-associated, molecular, and physiological endpoints previously found by academic scientists into an industry standard guideline-compliant toxicity study. Thus, the goal of this collaboration was to provide a more comprehensive dataset upon which to base safety standards and to determine whether industry-standard tests are as sensitive and predictive as molecular and disease-associated endpoints. The goal of this report is to integrate the findings from the investigator-initiated studies into a comprehensive overview of the observed impacts of BPA across the multiple organs and systems analyzed. For each organ system, we provide the rationale for the study, an overview of methodology, and summarize major findings. We then compare the results of the CLARITY-BPA studies across organ systems with the results of previous peer-reviewed studies from independent labs. Finally, we discuss potential influences that contributed to differences between studies. Developmental exposure to BPA can lead to adverse effects in multiple organs systems, including the brain, prostate gland, urinary tract, ovary, mammary gland, and heart. As published previously, many effects were at the lowest dose tested, 2.5μg/kg /day, and many of the responses were non-monotonic. Because the low dose of BPA affected endpoints in the same animals across organs evaluated in different labs, we conclude that these are biologically - and toxicologically - relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 94924, United States.
| | - Scott Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, United States
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Jiude Mao
- Biomedical Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - William Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53705, United States
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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11
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Kaur S, Sarma SJ, Marshall BL, Liu Y, Kinkade JA, Bellamy MM, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Bowden JA, Koelmel JP, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Developmental exposure of California mice to endocrine disrupting chemicals and potential effects on the microbiome-gut-brain axis at adulthood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10902. [PMID: 32616744 PMCID: PMC7331640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are chemicals found in plant products, such as genistein (GEN), and in industrial chemicals, e.g., bisphenol A (BPA), present in plastics and other products that are prevalent in the environment. Early exposure to such endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) may affect brain development by directly disrupting neural programming and/or through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. To test this hypothesis, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) offspring were exposed through the maternal diet to GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or BPA (5 mg/kg feed weight, low dose- LD or 50 mg/kg, upper dose-UD), and dams were placed on these diets two weeks prior to breeding, throughout gestation, and lactation. Various behaviors, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolome were assessed at 90 days of age. The LD but not UD of BPA exposure resulted in individuals spending more time engaging in repetitive behaviors. GEN exposed individuals were more likely to exhibit such behaviors and showed socio-communicative disturbances. BPA and GEN exposed females had increased number of metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism and synthesis. Males exposed to BPA or GEN showed alterations in lysine degradation and phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. Current findings indicate cause for concern that developmental exposure to BPA or GEN might affect the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabjit Kaur
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brittney L Marshall
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Madison M Bellamy
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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12
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Butler MC, Long CN, Kinkade JA, Green MT, Martin RE, Marshall BL, Willemse TE, Schenk AK, Mao J, Rosenfeld CS. Endocrine disruption of gene expression and microRNA profiles in hippocampus and hypothalamus of California mice: Association of gene expression changes with behavioural outcomes. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12847. [PMID: 32297422 PMCID: PMC7207022 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus and hippocampus are sensitive to early exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Two EDCs that have raised particular concerns are bisphenol A (BPA), a widely prevalent chemical in many common household items, and genistein (GEN), a phyto-oestrogen present in soy and other plants. We hypothesised that early exposure to BPA or GEN may lead to permanent effects on gene expression profiles for both coding RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRs), which can affect the translation of mRNAs. Such EDC-induced biomolecular changes may affect behavioural and metabolic patterns. California mice (Peromyscus californicus) male and female offspring were developmentally exposed via the maternal diet to BPA (5 mg kg-1 feed weight low dose [LD] and 50 mg kg-1 feed weight upper dose [UD]), GEN (250 mg kg-1 feed weight) or a phyto-oestrogen-free diet (AIN) control. Behavioural and metabolic tests were performed at 180 days of age. A quantitative polymerase chain reacttion analysis was performed for candidate mRNAs and miRs in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. LD BPA and GEN exposed California mice offspring showed socio-communication impairments. Hypothalamic Avp, Esr1, Kiss1 and Lepr were increased in LD BPA offspring. miR-153 was elevated but miR-181a was reduced in LD BPA offspring. miR-9 and miR-153 were increased in the hippocampi of LD BPA offspring, whereas GEN decreased hippocampal miR-7a and miR-153 expression. Correlation analyses revealed neural expression of miR-153 and miR-181a was associated with socio-communication deficits in LD BPA individuals. The findings reveal a cause for concern such that developmental exposure of BPA or GEN in California mice (and potentially by translation in humans) can lead to long standing neurobehavioural consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Camryn N Long
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Madison T Green
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rachel E Martin
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brittney L Marshall
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tess E Willemse
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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13
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Mao J, Jain A, Denslow ND, Nouri MZ, Chen S, Wang T, Zhu N, Koh J, Sarma SJ, Sumner BW, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Bivens NJ, Roberts RM, Tuteja G, Rosenfeld CS. Bisphenol A and bisphenol S disruptions of the mouse placenta and potential effects on the placenta-brain axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4642-4652. [PMID: 32071231 PMCID: PMC7060676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919563117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk from circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA). To understand how BPA and the reputedly more inert bisphenol S (BPS) affect the placenta, C57BL6J mouse dams were fed 200 μg/kg body weight BPA or BPS daily for 2 wk and then bred. They continued to receive these chemicals until embryonic day 12.5, whereupon placental samples were collected and compared with unexposed controls. BPA and BPS altered the expression of an identical set of 13 genes. Both exposures led to a decrease in the area occupied by spongiotrophoblast relative to trophoblast giant cells (GCs) within the junctional zone, markedly reduced placental serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, and lowered 5-HT GC immunoreactivity. Concentrations of dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the main metabolite of serotonin, were increased. GC dopamine immunoreactivity was increased in BPA- and BPS-exposed placentas. A strong positive correlation between 5-HT+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area suggests that this neurotransmitter is essential for maintaining cells within the junctional zone. In contrast, a negative correlation existed between dopamine+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area ratio. These outcomes lead to the following conclusions. First, BPS exposure causes almost identical placental effects as BPA. Second, a major target of BPA/BPS is either spongiotrophoblast or GCs within the junctional zone. Third, imbalances in neurotransmitter-positive GCs and an observed decrease in docosahexaenoic acid and estradiol, also occurring in response to BPA/BPS exposure, likely affect the placental-brain axis of the developing mouse fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Ashish Jain
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tingting Wang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ning Zhu
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Barbara W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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14
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Marshall BL, Liu Y, Farrington MJ, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Sarma SJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Early genistein exposure of California mice and effects on the gut microbiota-brain axis. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:139-157. [PMID: 31189133 PMCID: PMC6885123 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human offspring encounter high amounts of phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN), through maternal diet and soy-based formulas. Such chemicals can exert estrogenic activity and thereby disrupt neurobehavioral programming. Besides inducing direct host effects, GEN might cause gut dysbiosis and alter gut metabolites. To determine whether exposure to GEN affects these parameters, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) dams were placed 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation on a diet supplemented with GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or AIN93G phytoestrogen-free control diet (AIN). At weaning, offspring socio-communicative behaviors, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles were assayed. Exposure of offspring to GEN-induced sex-dependent changes in gut microbiota and metabolites. GEN exposed females were less likely to investigate a novel female mouse when tested in a three-chamber social test. When isolated, GEN males and females exhibited increased latency to elicit their first call, suggestive of reduced motivation to communicate with other individuals. Correlation analyses revealed interactions between GEN-induced microbiome, metabolome and socio-communicative behaviors. Comparison of GEN males with AIN males revealed the fraction of calls above 20 kHz was associated with daidzein, α-tocopherol, Flexispira spp. and Odoribacter spp. Results suggest early GEN exposure disrupts normal socio-communicative behaviors in California mice, which are otherwise evident in these social rodents. Such effects may be due to GEN disruptions on neural programming but might also be attributed to GEN-induced microbiota shifts and resultant changes in gut metabolites. Findings indicate cause for concern that perinatal exposure to GEN may detrimentally affect the offspring microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Marshall
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michelle J Farrington
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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15
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Gore AC, Krishnan K, Reilly MP. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Effects on neuroendocrine systems and the neurobiology of social behavior. Horm Behav 2019; 111:7-22. [PMID: 30476496 PMCID: PMC6527472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A contribution to SBN/ICN special issue. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pervasive in the environment. They are found in plastics and plasticizers (bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates), in industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and include some pesticides and fungicides such as vinclozolin. These chemicals act on hormone receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, and can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and actions. Because the developing brain is particularly sensitive to endogenous hormones, disruptions by EDCs can change neural circuits that form during periods of brain organization. Here, we review the evidence that EDCs affect developing hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems, and change behavioral outcomes in juvenile, adolescent, and adult life in exposed individuals, and even in their descendants. Our focus is on social, communicative and sociosexual behaviors, as how an individual behaves with a same- or opposite-sex conspecific determines that individual's ability to exist in a community, be selected as a mate, and reproduce successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Krittika Krishnan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael P Reilly
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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16
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Silva B, Bertasso I, Pietrobon C, Lopes B, Santos T, Peixoto-Silva N, Carvalho J, Claudio-Neto S, Manhães A, Cabral S, Kluck G, Atella G, Oliveira E, Moura E, Lisboa P. Effects of maternal bisphenol A on behavior, sex steroid and thyroid hormones levels in the adult rat offspring. Life Sci 2019; 218:253-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Bax EN, Cochran KE, Mao J, Wiedmeyer CE, Rosenfeld CS. Opposing effects of S-equol supplementation on metabolic and behavioral parameters in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2018; 64:39-48. [PMID: 30802721 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, may be used to treat various hormone-dependent disorders. Daidzein can be metabolized by intestinal microbes to S-equol. However, not all individuals possess bacteria producing this metabolite, resulting in categorization of equol vs nonequol producers. Past human and rodent studies have suggested that supplementation of this compound might yield beneficial metabolic and behavioral effects. We hypothesized that administration of S-equol to diet-induced obese male and female mice would mitigate potential diet-induced metabolic and comorbid neurobehavioral disorders. To test this possibility, we placed 5-week-old C57 mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic the diet currently consumed by many Western adults. Animals were randomly assigned to S-equol supplementation (10 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle control group. After 4 weeks on HFD with or without S-equol supplementation, metabolic and behavioral phenotyping was performed. Although the initial hypothesis proposed that S-equol treatment would improve metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes, this supplementation instead exacerbated aspects of HFD-induced metabolic disease, as indicated by suppressed physical activity in treated individuals, reduced energy expenditure in treated males, and serum chemistry changes (hyperglycemia in treated individuals; hyperinsulinemia and hypoleptinemia in treated males). Conversely, S-equol individuals exhibited less anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, as evidenced by increased exploratory time in the elevated plus maze by treated males and increased time spent mobile in the tail suspension test for treated individuals. In summary, S-equol may be beneficial in mitigating depression and anxiety disorders in individuals, but for indeterminate reasons, supplementation may worsen facets of metabolic disorders in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Bax
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Karlee E Cochran
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Charles E Wiedmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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18
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Cheong A, Johnson SA, Howald EC, Ellersieck MR, Camacho L, Lewis SM, Vanlandingham MM, Ying J, Ho SM, Rosenfeld CS. Gene expression and DNA methylation changes in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of adult rats developmentally exposed to bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol: a CLARITY-BPA consortium study. Epigenetics 2018; 13:704-720. [PMID: 30001178 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1497388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), is a ubiquitous pollutant. As part of the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA), we sought to determine whether exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to 2,500 μg/kg/day BPA (BPA) or 0.5 μg/kg/day ethinyl estradiol (EE) from gestational day 6 through postnatal day 21 induces behavior-relevant gene expression and DNA methylation changes in hippocampus and hypothalamus at adulthood. RNA and DNA were isolated from both regions. Expression of ten genes (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Esr1, Esr2, Avp, Ar, Oxt, Otr, and Bdnf) presumably altered by early-life BPA/EE exposure was examined. Three genes (Bdnf, Dnmt3b, and Esr1) were studied for DNA methylation changes in their putative 5' promoter regions. Molecular changes in hippocampus were correlated to prior Barnes maze performance, including sniffing correct holes, distance traveled, and velocity. Exposure to BPA and/or EE disrupted patterns of sexually dimorphic gene expression/promoter DNA methylation observed in hippocampus and hypothalamus of controls. In the hippocampus of female offspring, BPA exposure resulted in hypermethylation of the putative 5' promoter region of Bdnf, while EE exposure induced hypomethylation. Bdnf methylation was weakly associated with Bdnf expression in hippocampi of female rats. Hippocampal Bdnf expression in females showed a weak negative association with sniffing correct hole in Barnes maze. Hippocampal expression of Avp, Esr2, Oxt, and Otr was strongly associated with velocity of control rats in Barnes maze. Findings suggest BPA exposure induced non-EE-like gene expression and epigenetic changes in adult rat hippocampi, a region involved in spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cheong
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics , Department of Environmental Health, University of University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- c Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,d Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,e Animal Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Emily C Howald
- c Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,d Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- f Agriculture Experimental Station-Statistics , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Luísa Camacho
- g Division of Biochemical Toxicology , National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Sherry M Lewis
- h Office of Scientific Coordination , National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Michelle M Vanlandingham
- g Division of Biochemical Toxicology , National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Jun Ying
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,i Center for Biostatistical Service , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- a Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Center for Environmental Genetics , Department of Environmental Health, University of University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,j Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,k Research Unit, Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- c Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,d Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,l Genetics Area Program , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,m Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
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19
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Johnson SA, Spollen WG, Manshack LK, Bivens NJ, Givan SA, Rosenfeld CS. Hypothalamic transcriptomic alterations in male and female California mice ( Peromyscus californicus) developmentally exposed to bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/3/e13133. [PMID: 28196854 PMCID: PMC5309579 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical (EDC) prevalent in many household items. Rodent models and human epidemiological studies have linked this chemical to neurobehavior impairments. In California mice, developmental exposure to BPA results in sociosexual disorders at adulthood, including communication and biparental care deficits, behaviors that are primarily regulated by the hypothalamus. Thus, we sought to examine the transcriptomic profile in this brain region of juvenile male and female California mice offspring exposed from periconception through lactation to BPA or ethinyl estradiol (EE, estrogen present in birth control pills and considered a positive estrogen control for BPA studies). Two weeks prior to breeding, P0 females were fed a control diet, or this diet supplemented with 50 mg BPA/kg feed weight or 0.1 ppb EE, and continued on the diets through lactation. At weaning, brains from male and female offspring were collected, hypothalamic RNA isolated, and RNA‐seq analysis performed. Results indicate that BPA and EE groups clustered separately from controls with BPA and EE exposure leading to unique set of signature gene profiles. Kcnd3 was downregulated in the hypothalamus of BPA‐ and EE‐exposed females, whereas Tbl2, Topors, Kif3a, and Phactr2 were upregulated in these groups. Comparison of transcripts differentially expressed in BPA and EE groups revealed significant enrichment of gene ontology terms associated with microtubule‐based processes. Current results show that perinatal exposure to BPA or EE can result in several transcriptomic alterations, including those associated with microtubule functions, in the hypothalamus of California mice. It remains to be determined whether these genes mediate BPA‐induced behavioral disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Johnson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - William G Spollen
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Informatics Research Core Facility University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lindsey K Manshack
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott A Givan
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri .,Informatics Research Core Facility University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri .,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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20
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Johnson SA, Farrington MJ, Murphy CR, Caldo PD, McAllister LA, Kaur S, Chun C, Ortega MT, Marshall BL, Hoffmann F, Ellersieck MR, Schenk AK, Rosenfeld CS. Multigenerational effects of bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol exposure on F2 California mice (Peromyscus californicus) pup vocalizations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199107. [PMID: 29912934 PMCID: PMC6005501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent pups use vocalizations to communicate with one or both parents in biparental species, such as California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Previous studies have shown California mice developmentally exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) or ethinyl estradiol (EE), demonstrate later compromised parental behaviors. Reductions in F1 parental behaviors might also be due to decreased emissions of F2 pup vocalizations. Thus, vocalizations of F2 male and female California mice pups born to F1 parents developmentally exposed to BPA, EE, or controls were examined. Postnatal days (PND) 2-4 were considered early postnatal period, PND 7 and 14 were defined as mid-postnatal period, and PND 21 and 28 were classified as late postnatal period. EE pups showed increased latency to emit the first syllable compared to controls. BPA female pups had decreased syllable duration compared to control and EE female pups during the early postnatal period but enhanced responses compared to controls at late postnatal period; whereas, male BPA and EE pups showed greater syllable duration compared to controls during early postnatal period. In mid-postnatal period, F2 BPA and EE pups emitted greater number of phrases than F2 control pups. Results indicate aspects of vocalizations were disrupted in F2 pups born to F1 parents developmentally exposed to BPA or EE, but their responses were not always identical, suggesting BPA might not activate estrogen receptors to the same extent as EE. Changes in vocalization patterns by F2 pups may be due to multigenerational exposure to BPA or EE and/or reduced parental care received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michelle J. Farrington
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Claire R. Murphy
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Caldo
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Leif A. McAllister
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Catherine Chun
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Madison T. Ortega
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brittney L. Marshall
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Frauke Hoffmann
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark R. Ellersieck
- Department of Agriculture Experimental Station-Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - A. Katrin Schenk
- Department of Physics, Randolph College, Lynchburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Xin F, Fischer E, Krapp C, Krizman EN, Lan Y, Mesaros C, Snyder NW, Bansal A, Robinson MB, Simmons RA, Bartolomei MS. Mice exposed to bisphenol A exhibit depressive-like behavior with neurotransmitter and neuroactive steroid dysfunction. Horm Behav 2018; 102:93-104. [PMID: 29763587 PMCID: PMC6261494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes across the lifespan and can persist across multiple generations of offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms driving these changes are not well understood. We investigated the molecular perturbations associated with EDC-induced behavioral changes in first (F1) and second (F2) filial generations, using the model EDC bisphenol A (BPA). C57BL/6J dams were exposed to BPA from preconception until lactation through the diet at doses (10 μg/kg bw/d-lower dose or 10 mg/kg bw/d-upper dose) representative of human exposure levels. As adults, F1 male offspring exhibited increased depressive-like behavior, measured by the forced swim test, while females were unaffected. These behavioral changes were limited to the F1 generation and were not associated with altered maternal care. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-sequencing in F1 control and upper dose BPA-exposed adult male hippocampus revealed neurotransmitter systems as major pathways disrupted by developmental BPA exposure. High performance liquid chromatography demonstrated a male-specific reduction in hippocampal serotonin. Administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (20 mg/kg bw) rescued the depressive-like phenotype in males exposed to lower, but not upper, dose BPA, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action for each exposure dose. Finally, high resolution mass spectrometry revealed reduced circulating levels of the neuroactive steroid dehydroepiandrosterone in BPA-exposed males, suggesting another potential mechanism underlying the depressive-like phenotype. Thus, behavioral changes associated with early life BPA exposure may be mediated by sex-specific disruptions in the serotonergic system and/or sex steroid biogenesis in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Xin
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erin Fischer
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Krapp
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Krizman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amita Bansal
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael B Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Gonzalez-Perez O, López-Virgen V, Ibarra-Castaneda N. Permanent Whisker Removal Reduces the Density of c-Fos+ Cells and the Expression of Calbindin Protein, Disrupts Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Affects Spatial-Memory-Related Tasks. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:132. [PMID: 29867365 PMCID: PMC5962760 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial vibrissae, commonly known as whiskers, are the main sensitive tactile system in rodents. Whisker stimulation triggers neuronal activity that promotes neural plasticity in the barrel cortex (BC) and helps create spatial maps in the adult hippocampus. Moreover, activity-dependent inputs and calcium homeostasis modulate adult neurogenesis. Therefore, the neuronal activity of the BC possibly regulates hippocampal functions and neurogenesis. To assess whether tactile information from facial whiskers may modulate hippocampal functions and neurogenesis, we permanently eliminated whiskers in CD1 male mice and analyzed the effects in cellular composition, molecular expression and memory processing in the adult hippocampus. Our data indicated that the permanent deprivation of whiskers reduced in 4-fold the density of c-Fos+ cells (a calcium-dependent immediate early gene) in cornu ammonis subfields (CA1, CA2 and CA3) and 4.5-fold the dentate gyrus (DG). A significant reduction in the expression of calcium-binding proteincalbindin-D28k was also observed in granule cells of the DG. Notably, these changes coincided with an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the proliferation of neural precursor cells in the DG, which ultimately reduced the number of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)+NeuN+ mature neurons generated after whisker elimination. These abnormalities in the hippocampus were associated with a significant impairment of spatial memory and navigation skills. This is the first evidence indicating that tactile inputs from vibrissal follicles strongly modify the expression of c-Fos and calbindin in the DG, disrupt different aspects of hippocampal neurogenesis, and support the notion that spatial memory and navigation skills strongly require tactile information in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,El Colegio de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Verónica López-Virgen
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,Medical Sciences PhD Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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23
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Walley SN, Roepke TA. Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds and the control of feeding behavior-An overview. Horm Behav 2018; 101:22-28. [PMID: 29107582 PMCID: PMC5938167 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that can interact with steroid and nuclear receptors or alter hormone production. Many studies have reported that perinatal exposure to EDC including bisphenol A, PCB, dioxins, and DDT disrupt energy balance, body weight, adiposity, or glucose homeostasis in rodent offspring. However, little information exists on the effects of perinatal EDC exposure on the control of feeding behaviors and meal pattern (size, frequency, duration), which may contribute to their obesogenic properties. Feeding behaviors are controlled centrally through communication between the hindbrain and hypothalamus with inputs from the emotion and reward centers of the brain and modulated by peripheral hormones like ghrelin and leptin. Discrete hypothalamic nuclei (arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamus, and ventromedial nucleus) project numerous reciprocal neural connections between each other and to other brain regions including the hindbrain (nucleus tractus solitarius and parabrachial nucleus). Most studies on the effects of perinatal EDC exposure examine simple crude food intake over the course of the experiment or for a short period in adult models. In addition, these studies do not examine EDC's impacts on the feeding neurocircuitry of the hypothalamus-hindbrain, the response to peripheral hormones (leptin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, etc.) after refeeding, or other feeding behavior paradigms. The purpose of this review is to discuss those few studies that report crude food or energy intake after perinatal EDC exposure and to explore the need for deeper investigations in the hypothalamic-hindbrain neurocircuitry and discrete feeding behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Walley
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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24
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Gore AC, Holley AM, Crews D. Mate choice, sexual selection, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Horm Behav 2018; 101:3-12. [PMID: 28888817 PMCID: PMC5845777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans have disproportionately affected the habitat and survival of species through environmental contamination. Important among these anthropogenic influences is the proliferation of organic chemicals, some of which perturb hormone systems, the latter referred to as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs are widespread in the environment and affect all levels of reproduction, including development of reproductive organs, hormone release and regulation through the life cycle, the development of secondary sexual characteristics, and the maturation and maintenance of adult physiology and behavior. However, what is not well-known is how the confluence of EDC actions on the manifestation of morphological and behavioral sexual traits influences mate choice, a process that requires the reciprocal evaluation of and/or acceptance of a sexual partner. Moreover, the outcomes of EDC-induced perturbations are likely to influence sexual selection; yet this has rarely been directly tested. Here, we provide background on the development and manifestation of sexual traits, reproductive competence, and the neurobiology of sexual behavior, and evidence for their perturbation by EDCs. Selection acts on individuals, with the consequences manifest in populations, and we discuss the implications for EDC contamination of these processes, and the future of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, USA.
| | - Amanda M Holley
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural Sciences, USA
| | - David Crews
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural Sciences, USA.
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25
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Kowalczyk AS, Davila RF, Trainor BC. Effects of social defeat on paternal behavior and pair bonding behavior in male California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Horm Behav 2018; 98:88-95. [PMID: 29289657 PMCID: PMC5828991 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Male parental care is an important social behavior for several mammalian species. Psychosocial stress is usually found to inhibit maternal behavior, but effects on paternal behavior have been less consistent. We tested the effects of social defeat stress on pair bond formation and paternal behavior in the monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). Social defeat reduced time spent in a chamber with a stranger female during a partner preference test conducted 24h after pairing, but increased latency to the first litter. In 10min partner preference tests conducted after the birth of pups, both control and stressed males exhibited selective aggression towards stranger females. Unlike prairie voles, side by side contact was not observed in either partner preference test. Stressed male California mice engaged in more paternal behavior than controls and had reduced anxiety-like responses in the open-field test. Defeat stress enhanced prodynorphin and KOR expression in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) but not PVN. Increased KOR signaling has been linked to increased selective aggression in prairie voles. Together the results show that defeat stress enhances behaviors related to parental care and pair bonding in male California mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Kowalczyk
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Randy F Davila
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Brian C Trainor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States.
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26
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Gothié JD, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Comparative approaches to understanding thyroid hormone regulation of neurogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:104-115. [PMID: 28545819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, an evolutionary conserved pathway, is crucial for brain function and cognition throughout life, from early development to ageing. In humans, TH deficiency during pregnancy alters offspring brain development, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. How TH regulates neurogenesis and subsequent behaviour and cognitive functions remains a major research challenge. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TH signalling on proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation have been studied in mammalian animal models for over a century. However, recent data show that THs also influence embryonic and adult neurogenesis throughout vertebrates (from mammals to teleosts). These latest observations raise the question of how TH availability is controlled during neurogenesis and particularly in specific neural stem cell populations. This review deals with the role of TH in regulating neurogenesis in the developing and the adult brain across different vertebrate species. Such evo-devo approaches can shed new light on (i) the evolution of the nervous system and (ii) the evolutionary control of neurogenesis by TH across animal phyla. We also discuss the role of thyroid disruptors on brain development in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Gothié
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
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27
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Rosenfeld CS. Sex-dependent differences in voluntary physical activity. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:279-290. [PMID: 27870424 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numbers of overweight and obese individuals are increasing in the United States and globally, and, correspondingly, the associated health care costs are rising dramatically. More than one-third of children are currently considered obese with a predisposition to type 2 diabetes, and it is likely that their metabolic conditions will worsen with age. Physical inactivity has also risen to be the leading cause of many chronic, noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Children are more physically inactive now than they were in past decades, which may be due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In rodents, the amount of time engaged in spontaneous activity within the home cage is a strong predictor of later adiposity and weight gain. Thus, it is important to understand primary motivators stimulating physical activity (PA). There are normal sex differences in PA levels in rodents and humans. The perinatal environment can induce sex-dependent differences in PA disturbances. This Review considers the current evidence for sex differences in PA in rodents and humans. The rodent studies showing that early exposure to environmental chemicals can shape later adult PA responses are discussed. Next, whether there are different motivators stimulating exercise in male vs. female humans are examined. Finally, the brain regions, genes, and pathways that modulate PA in rodents, and possibly by translation in humans, are described. A better understanding of why each sex remains physically active through the life span could open new avenues for preventing and treating obesity in children and adults. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Rosenfeld CS. Neuroendocrine disruption in animal models due to exposure to bisphenol A analogues. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:123-133. [PMID: 28801100 PMCID: PMC5612897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human studies provide evidence that exposure to the endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), bisphenol A (BPA), can lead to neurobehavioral disorders. Consequently, there is an impetus to identify safer alternatives to BPA. Three bisphenol compounds proposed as potential safer alternatives to BPA are bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol AF (BPAF). However, it is not clear whether these other compounds are safer in terms of inducing less endocrine disrupting effects in animals and humans who are now increasingly coming into contact with these BPA-substitutes. In the past few years, several animal studies have shown exposure to these other bisphenols induce similar neurobehavioral disruption as BPA. We will explore in this review article the current studies suggesting these other bisphenols result in neuroendocrine disruptions that may be estrogen receptor-dependent. Current work may aide in designing future studies to test further whether these BPA-substitutes can act as neuroendocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Javurek AB, Suresh D, Spollen WG, Hart ML, Hansen SA, Ellersieck MR, Bivens NJ, Givan SA, Upendran A, Kannan R, Rosenfeld CS. Gut Dysbiosis and Neurobehavioral Alterations in Rats Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2822. [PMID: 28588204 PMCID: PMC5460200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being used in non-edible and edible consumer products. It is not clear though if exposure to these chemicals can exert toxic effects on the host and gut microbiome. Conflicting studies have been reported on whether AgNPs result in gut dysbiosis and other changes within the host. We sought to examine whether exposure of Sprague-Dawley male rats for two weeks to different shapes of AgNPs, cube (AgNC) and sphere (AgNS) affects gut microbiota, select behaviors, and induces histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal system and brain. In the elevated plus maze (EPM), AgNS-exposed rats showed greater number of entries into closed arms and center compared to controls and those exposed to AgNC. AgNS and AgNC treated groups had select reductions in gut microbiota relative to controls. Clostridium spp., Bacteroides uniformis, Christensenellaceae, and Coprococcus eutactus were decreased in AgNC exposed group, whereas, Oscillospira spp., Dehalobacterium spp., Peptococcaeceae, Corynebacterium spp., Aggregatibacter pneumotropica were reduced in AgNS exposed group. Bacterial reductions correlated with select behavioral changes measured in the EPM. No significant histopathological changes were evident in the gastrointestinal system or brain. Findings suggest short-term exposure to AgNS or AgNC can lead to behavioral and gut microbiome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B Javurek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Dhananjay Suresh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - William G Spollen
- Department of Informatics Research Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Marcia L Hart
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sarah A Hansen
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- Department of Agriculture Experimental Station-Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Scott A Givan
- Department of Informatics Research Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Anandhi Upendran
- Department of MU-institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (MU-iCATS), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Wright EC, Johnson SA, Hao R, Kowalczyk AS, Greenberg GD, Sanchez EO, Laman-Maharg A, Trainor BC, Rosenfeld CS. Exposure to extrinsic stressors, social defeat or bisphenol A, eliminates sex differences in DNA methyltransferase expression in the amygdala. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29:10.1111/jne.12475. [PMID: 28406523 PMCID: PMC5501704 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and psychological stressors can exert long lasting changes in brain function and behaviour. Changes in DNA methylation have been shown to be an important mechanism mediating long lasting changes in neural function and behaviour, especially for anxiety-like or stress responses. In the present study, we examined the effects of either a social or chemical stressor on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) gene expression in the amygdala, an important brain region modulating stress responses and anxiety. In adult California mice (Peromyscus californicus) that were naïve to social defeat, females had higher levels of Dnmt1 expression in punch samples of the central amygdala (CeA) than males. In addition, mice that underwent social defeat stress showed reduced Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a expression in the CeA of females but not males. A second study using more anatomically specific punch samples replicated these effects for Dnmt1. Perinatal exposure (spanning from periconception through lactation) to bisphenol A or ethinyl oestradiol (oestrogens in birth control pills) also abolished sex differences in Dnmt1 expression in the CeA but not the basolateral amygdala. These findings identify a robust sex difference in Dnmt1 expression in the CeA that is sensitive to both psychological and chemical stressors. Future studies should aim to examine the impact of psychological and chemical stressors on DNA methylation in the CeA and also investigate whether Dnmt1 may have an underappreciated role in plasticity in behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- Bond Life Science Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Hao
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Gian D. Greenberg
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian C. Trainor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Science Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program and Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Geary DC. Evolution of Sex Differences in Trait- and Age-Specific Vulnerabilities. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016; 11:855-876. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691616650677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traits that facilitate competition for reproductive resources or that influence mate choice generally have a heightened sensitivity to stressors. They have evolved to signal resilience to infectious disease and nutritional and social stressors, and they are compromised by exposure to man-made toxins. Although these traits can differ from one species or sex to the next, an understanding of the dynamics of competition and choice can in theory be used to generate a priori predictions about sex-, age-, and trait-specific vulnerabilities for any sexually reproducing species. I provide a review of these dynamics and illustrate associated vulnerabilities in nonhuman species. The age- and sex-specific vulnerability of such traits is then illustrated for stressor-related disruptions of boys’ and girls’ physical growth and play behavior, as well as for aspects of boys’ and girls’ and men’s and women’s personality, language, and spatial abilities. There is much that remains to be determined, but enough is now known to reframe trait sensitivity in ways that will allow scientists and practitioners to better identify and understand vulnerable human traits, and eventually ameliorate or prevent their expression.
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Geary DC. Evolutionary framework for identifying sex- and species-specific vulnerabilities in brain development and functions. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:355-361. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Geary
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
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Inagaki T, Smith NL, Sherva KM, Ramakrishnan S. Cross-generational effects of parental low dose BPA exposure on the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone3 system and larval behavior in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:163-173. [PMID: 27713093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that chronic exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) may disrupt normal brain function and behavior mediated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pathways. Previous studies have shown that low dose BPA (200ng/ml) exposure during embryogenesis altered development of extra-hypothalamic GnRH3 systems and non-reproductive locomotor behavior in medaka. Effects of parental low-dose BPA exposure on the development of GnRH3 systems and locomotor behavior of offspring are not well known. This study examines whether the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of BPA in parents (F0 generation) are carried over to their offspring (F1 generation) using stable transgenic medaka embryos/larvae with GnRH3 neurons tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Parental fish were exposed to BPA (200ng/ml) for either life-long or different developmental time windows. Fertilized F1 eggs were collected and raised in egg/fish water with no environmental exposure to BPA. All experiments were performed on F1 embryos/larvae, which were grouped based on the following parental (F0) BPA exposure conditions - (i) Group 1 (G1): through life; (ii) G2: during embryogenesis and early larval development [1-14days post fertilization (dpf)]; (iii) G3: during neurogenesis (1-5dpf); and (iv) G4: during sex differentiation (5-14dpf). Embryos from unexposed vehicle treated parents served as controls (G0). G1 embryos showed significantly reduced survival rates and delayed hatching time compared to other groups, while G4 embryos hatched significantly earlier than all other groups. At 3 dpf, the GnRH3-GFP intensity was increased by 47% in G3 embryos and decreased in G4 embryos by 59% compared to controls. At 4dpf, G1 fish showed 42% increased intensity, while GFP intensity was reduced by 44% in G3 subjects. In addition, the mean brain size of G1, G3 and G4 embryos were smaller than that of control at 4dpf. At 20dpf, all larvae from BPA-treated parents showed significantly decreased total movement (distance covered) compared with controls, with G2 and G3 fish showing reduced velocity of movement. While at 20 dpf no group differences were seen in the soma diameter of GnRH3-GFP neurons, a 34% decrease in SV2 expression, a marker for synaptic transmission, in G1 larvae was observed. These data suggest that parental BPA exposure during critical windows of embryonic development or chronic treatment affects next-generation offspring both in embryonic and larval brain development as well as larval behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inagaki
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - N L Smith
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, USA
| | - K M Sherva
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, USA
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA.
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The Genomic and Morphological Effects of Bisphenol A on Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163028. [PMID: 27631104 PMCID: PMC5025107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental toxin bisphenol A (BPA) is a known mammalian hormone disrupter but its effects on plants have not been well established. The effect of BPA on gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana was determined using microarray analysis and quantitative gene PCR. Many hormone responsive genes showed changes in expression after BPA treatment. BPA disrupted flowering by a mechanism that may involve disruption of auxin signaling. The results presented here indicate that BPA is a plant hormone disrupter.
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35
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Javurek AB, Spollen WG, Johnson SA, Bivens NJ, Bromert KH, Givan SA, Rosenfeld CS. Effects of exposure to bisphenol A and ethinyl estradiol on the gut microbiota of parents and their offspring in a rodent model. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:471-485. [PMID: 27624382 PMCID: PMC5103659 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1234657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis may result in various diseases, such as metabolic and neurobehavioral disorders. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE), especially during development, may also increase the risk for such disorders. An unexplored possibility is that EDC-exposure might alter the gut microbial composition. Gut flora and their products may thus be mediating factors for the disease-causing effects of these chemicals. To examine the effects of EDCs on the gut microbiome, female and male monogamous and biparental California mice (Peromyscus californicus) were exposed to BPA (50 mg/kg feed weight) or EE (0.1 ppb) or control diet from periconception through weaning. 16s rRNA sequencing was performed on bacterial DNA isolated from fecal samples, and analyses performed for P0 and F1 males and females. Both BPA and EE induced generational and sex-dependent gut microbiome changes. Many of the bacteria, e.g. Bacteroides, Mollicutes, Prevotellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Akkermansia, Methanobrevibacter, Sutterella, whose proportions increase with exposure to BPA or EE in the P0 or F1 generation are associated with different disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic disorders, and colorectal cancer. However, the proportion of the beneficial bacterium, Bifidobacterium, was also elevated in fecal samples of BPA- and EE-exposed F1 females. Intestinal flora alterations were also linked to changes in various metabolic and other pathways. Thus, BPA and EE exposure may disrupt the normal gut flora, which may in turn result in systemic effects. Probiotic supplementation might be an effective means to mitigate disease-promoting effects of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B. Javurek
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - William G. Spollen
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Informatics Research Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | | | | | - Scott A. Givan
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Informatics Research Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA,CONTACT Cheryl S. Rosenfeld, DVM, PhD Biomedical Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 440F Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins Rd., Columbia, MO 65211
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36
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Effects of a maternal high-fat diet on offspring behavioral and metabolic parameters in a rodent model. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:75-88. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diet-induced obesity can cause detrimental developmental origins of health and disease in offspring. Perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to later behavioral and metabolic disturbances, but it is not clear which behaviors and metabolic parameters are most vulnerable. To address this critical gap, biparental and monogamous oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus), which may better replicate most human societies, were used in the current study. About 2 weeks before breeding, adult females were placed on a control or HFD and maintained on the diets throughout gestation and lactation. F1 offspring were placed at weaning (30 days of age) on the control diet and spatial learning and memory, anxiety, exploratory, voluntary physical activity, and metabolic parameters were tested when they reached adulthood (90 days of age). Surprisingly, maternal HFD caused decreased latency in initial and reverse Barnes maze trials in male, but not female, offspring. Both male and female HFD-fed offspring showed increased anxiogenic behaviors, but decreased exploratory and voluntary physical activity. Moreover, HFD offspring demonstrated lower resting energy expenditure (EE) compared with controls. Accordingly, HFD offspring weighed more at adulthood than those from control fed dams, likely the result of reduced physical activity and EE. Current findings indicate a maternal HFD may increase obesity susceptibility in offspring due to prenatal programming resulting in reduced physical activity and EE later in life. Further work is needed to determine the underpinning neural and metabolic mechanisms by which a maternal HFD adversely affects neurobehavioral and metabolic pathways in offspring.
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37
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Manshack LK, Conard CM, Johnson SA, Alex JM, Bryan SJ, Deem SL, Holliday DK, Ellersieck MR, Rosenfeld CS. Effects of developmental exposure to bisphenol A and ethinyl estradiol on spatial navigational learning and memory in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Horm Behav 2016; 85:48-55. [PMID: 27476434 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure of turtles and other reptiles to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE2, estrogen present in birth control pills), can induce partial to full gonadal sex-reversal in males. No prior studies have considered whether in ovo exposure to EDCs disrupts normal brain sexual differentiation. Yet, rodent model studies indicate early exposure to these chemicals disturbs sexually selected behavioral traits, including spatial navigational learning and memory. Thus, we sought to determine whether developmental exposure of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) to BPA and EE2 results in sex-dependent behavioral changes. At developmental stage 17, turtles incubated at 26⁰C (male-inducing temperature) were treated with 1) BPA High (100μg /mL), 2) BPA Low (0.01μg/mL), 3) EE2 (0.2μg/mL), or 4) vehicle or no vehicle control groups. Five months after hatching, turtles were tested with a spatial navigational test that included four food containers, only one of which was baited with food. Each turtle was randomly assigned one container that did not change over the trial period. Each individual was tested for 14 consecutive days. Results show developmental exposure to BPA High and EE2 improved spatial navigational learning and memory, as evidenced by increased number of times spent in the correct target zone and greater likelihood of solving the maze compared to control turtles. This study is the first to show that in addition to overriding temperature sex determination (TSD) of the male gonad, these EDCs may induce sex-dependent behavioral changes in turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Manshack
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Caroline M Conard
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jorden M Alex
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sara J Bryan
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sharon L Deem
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dawn K Holliday
- Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Westminster College, Fulton, MO 65251, USA
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- Agriculture Experimental Station-Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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38
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Johnson SA, Javurek AB, Painter MS, Ellersieck MR, Welsh TH, Camacho L, Lewis SM, Vanlandingham MM, Ferguson SA, Rosenfeld CS. Effects of developmental exposure to bisphenol A on spatial navigational learning and memory in rats: A CLARITY-BPA study. Horm Behav 2016; 80:139-148. [PMID: 26436835 PMCID: PMC4818668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous industrial chemical used in the production of a wide variety of items. Previous studies suggest BPA exposure may result in neuro-disruptive effects; however, data are inconsistent across animal and human studies. As part of the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA), we sought to determine whether female and male rats developmentally exposed to BPA demonstrated later spatial navigational learning and memory deficits. Pregnant NCTR Sprague-Dawley rats were orally dosed from gestational day 6 to parturition, and offspring were directly orally dosed until weaning (postnatal day 21). Treatment groups included a vehicle control, three BPA doses (2.5μg/kg body weight (bw)/day-[2.5], 25μg/kg bw/day-[25], and 2500μg/kg bw/day-[2500]) and a 0.5μg/kg/day ethinyl estradiol (EE)-reference estrogen dose. At adulthood, 1/sex/litter was tested for seven days in the Barnes maze. The 2500 BPA group sniffed more incorrect holes on day 7 than those in the control, 2.5 BPA, and EE groups. The 2500 BPA females were less likely than control females to locate the escape box in the allotted time (p value=0.04). Although 2.5 BPA females exhibited a prolonged latency, the effect did not reach significance (p value=0.06), whereas 2.5 BPA males showed improved latency compared to control males (p value=0.04), although the significance of this result is uncertain. No differences in serum testosterone concentration were detected in any male or female treatment groups. Current findings suggest developmental exposure of rats to BPA may disrupt aspects of spatial navigational learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Johnson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Angela B Javurek
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Michele S Painter
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- Agriculture Experimental Station-Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Luísa Camacho
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Sherry M Lewis
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Michelle M Vanlandingham
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Sherry A Ferguson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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39
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Palanza P, Nagel SC, Parmigiani S, Vom Saal FS. Perinatal exposure to endocrine disruptors: sex, timing and behavioral endpoints. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2015; 7:69-75. [PMID: 27019862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Of the approximately 85,000 chemicals in use, 1000 have been identified as having the ability to disrupt normal endocrine function. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical period in brain differentiation (prenatal and neonatal life) via the mother can alter the course of the development of sexually dimorphic behaviors. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a very high volume chemical used in plastic, resins and other products, and virtually everyone examined has detectable BPA. BPA has estrogenic activity and is one of the most studied EDCs. We review evidence from studies in rodents using dose levels relevant to human exposure. BPA alters behavior and eliminates or in some cases reverses sexually dimorphic behaviors observed in unexposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palanza
- Unit of Behavioral Biology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, Parma 43100, Italy
| | - Susan C Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Unit of Behavioral Biology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, Parma 43100, Italy
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Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, Toppari J, Zoeller RT. EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:E1-E150. [PMID: 26544531 PMCID: PMC4702494 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, a substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding of plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions and how exposures in animals and humans-especially during development-may lay the foundations for disease later in life. At this point in history, we have much stronger knowledge about how EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, and epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects in exposed individuals as well as their descendants. Causal links between exposure and manifestation of disease are substantiated by experimental animal models and are consistent with correlative epidemiological data in humans. There are several caveats because differences in how experimental animal work is conducted can lead to difficulties in drawing broad conclusions, and we must continue to be cautious about inferring causality in humans. In this second Scientific Statement, we reviewed the literature on a subset of topics for which the translational evidence is strongest: 1) obesity and diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male reproduction; 4) hormone-sensitive cancers in females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; and 7) neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria for studies were those conducted predominantly in the past 5 years deemed to be of high quality based on appropriate negative and positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size and experimental design, and mammalian animal studies with exposure levels in a range that was relevant to humans. We also focused on studies using the developmental origins of health and disease model. No report was excluded based on a positive or negative effect of the EDC exposure. The bulk of the results across the board strengthen the evidence for endocrine health-related actions of EDCs. Based on this much more complete understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability, these findings can be much better translated to human health. Armed with this information, researchers, physicians, and other healthcare providers can guide regulators and policymakers as they make responsible decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Gore
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - V A Chappell
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - S E Fenton
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J A Flaws
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - A Nadal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - G S Prins
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J Toppari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - R T Zoeller
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Sex-dependent effects of developmental exposure to bisphenol A and ethinyl estradiol on metabolic parameters and voluntary physical activity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 6:539-52. [PMID: 26378919 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have received considerable attention as potential obesogens. Past studies examining obesogenic potential of one widespread EDC, bisphenol A (BPA), have generally focused on metabolic and adipose tissue effects. However, physical inactivity has been proposed to be a leading cause of obesity. A paucity of studies has considered whether EDC, including BPA, affects this behavior. To test whether early exposure to BPA and ethinyl estradiol (EE, estrogen present in birth control pills) results in metabolic and such behavioral disruptions, California mice developmentally exposed to BPA and EE were tested as adults for energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), body composition (echoMRI) and physical activity (measured by beam breaks and voluntary wheel running). Serum glucose and metabolic hormones were measured. No differences in body weight or food consumption were detected. BPA-exposed females exhibited greater variation in weight than females in control and EE groups. During the dark and light cycles, BPA females exhibited a higher average respiratory quotient than control females, indicative of metabolizing carbohydrates rather than fats. Various assessments of voluntary physical activity in the home cage confirmed that during the dark cycle, BPA and EE-exposed females were significantly less active in this setting than control females. Similar effects were not observed in BPA or EE-exposed males. No significant differences were detected in serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin and leptin concentrations. Results suggest that females developmentally exposed to BPA exhibit decreased motivation to engage in voluntary physical activity and altered metabolism of carbohydrates v. fats, which could have important health implications.
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Huo X, Chen D, He Y, Zhu W, Zhou W, Zhang J. Bisphenol-A and Female Infertility: A Possible Role of Gene-Environment Interactions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11101-16. [PMID: 26371021 PMCID: PMC4586663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is widely used and ubiquitous in the environment. Animal studies indicate that BPA affects reproduction, however, the gene-environment interaction mechanism(s) involved in this association remains unclear. We performed a literature review to summarize the evidence on this topic. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed using as keywords BPA, gene, infertility and female reproduction. Full-text articles in both human and animals published in English prior to December 2014 were selected. Results: Evidence shows that BPA can interfere with endocrine function of hypothalamic-pituitary axis, such as by changing gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) secretion in hypothalamus and promoting pituitary proliferation. Such actions affect puberty, ovulation and may even result in infertility. Ovary, uterus and other reproductive organs are also targets of BPA. BPA exposure impairs the structure and functions of female reproductive system in different times of life cycle and may contribute to infertility. Both epidemiological and experimental evidences demonstrate that BPA affects reproduction-related gene expression and epigenetic modification that are closely associated with infertility. The detrimental effects on reproduction may be lifelong and transgenerational. Conclusions: Evidence on gene-environment interactions, especially from human studies, is still limited. Further research on this topic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Huo
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dan Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yonghua He
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Wenting Zhu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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43
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Reilly MP, Weeks CD, Topper VY, Thompson LM, Crews D, Gore AC. The effects of prenatal PCBs on adult social behavior in rats. Horm Behav 2015; 73:47-55. [PMID: 26093262 PMCID: PMC4546928 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposures during critical periods of development may influence neuronal development and the manifestation of sexually dimorphic sociability and social novelty behaviors in adulthood. In this study, we assessed the effects of gestational exposure to PCBs on the social behavior of males and females later in adulthood. A weakly estrogenic PCB mixture, Aroclor 1221 (A1221, 0.5 or 1mg/kg) was administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat dams. Both a positive control (estradiol benzoate; EB, 50μg/kg) and negative control (dimethylsulfoxide; DMSO in sesame oil vehicle) were similarly administered to separate sets of dams. The sexes responded differently in two tasks essential to sociality. Using a three-chamber apparatus that contained a caged, same-sex, gonadectomized stimulus animal and an empty stimulus cage, we found that both sexes showed a strong preference for affiliating with a stimulus animal (vs. an empty cage), an effect that was much more pronounced in the males. In the second task, a novel and a familiar stimulus animal were caged at opposite ends of the same apparatus. Females displayed a higher degree of novelty preference than the males. During both tests, females had significantly higher social approach behaviors while male engaged in significantly more interactive behaviors with the conspecific. Of particular interest, males born of dams that received prenatal A1221 (0.5mg/kg) exhibited an overall decrease in nose-to-nose investigations. These behavioral data suggest that the males are more sensitive to A1221 treatment than are females. In addition to behavioral analysis, serum corticosterone was measured. Females born of dams treated with A1221 (0.5mg/kg) had significantly higher concentrations of corticosterone than the DMSO female group; males were unaffected. Females also had significantly higher corticosterone concentrations than did males. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of gestational exposure to PCBs on adult social behavior are relatively limited within this particular paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Reilly
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Connor D Weeks
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Viktoria Y Topper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lindsay M Thompson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David Crews
- Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Bedford NL, Hoekstra HE. Peromyscus mice as a model for studying natural variation. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26083802 PMCID: PMC4470249 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The deer mouse (genus Peromyscus) is the most abundant mammal in North America, and it occupies almost every type of terrestrial habitat. It is not surprising therefore that the natural history of Peromyscus is among the best studied of any small mammal. For decades, the deer mouse has contributed to our understanding of population genetics, disease ecology, longevity, endocrinology and behavior. Over a century's worth of detailed descriptive studies of Peromyscus in the wild, coupled with emerging genetic and genomic techniques, have now positioned these mice as model organisms for the study of natural variation and adaptation. Recent work, combining field observations and laboratory experiments, has lead to exciting advances in a number of fields—from evolution and genetics, to physiology and neurobiology. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06813.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Bedford
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Hopi E Hoekstra
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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Johnson SA, Javurek AB, Painter MS, Peritore MP, Ellersieck MR, Roberts RM, Rosenfeld CS. Disruption of parenting behaviors in california mice, a monogamous rodent species, by endocrine disrupting chemicals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126284. [PMID: 26039462 PMCID: PMC4454565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature and extent of care received by an infant can affect social, emotional and cognitive development, features that endure into adulthood. Here we employed the monogamous, California mouse (Peromyscus californicus), a species, like the human, where both parents invest in offspring care, to determine whether early exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC: bisphenol A, BPA; ethinyl estradiol, EE) of one or both parents altered their behaviors towards their pups. Females exposed to either compound spent less time nursing, grooming and being associated with their pups than controls, although there was little consequence on their weight gain. Care of pups by males was less affected by exposure to BPA and EE, but control, non-exposed females appeared able to “sense” a male partner previously exposed to either compound and, as a consequence, reduced their own parental investment in offspring from such pairings. The data emphasize the potential vulnerability of pups born to parents that had been exposed during their own early development to EDC, and that effects on the male, although subtle, also have consequences on overall parental care due to lack of full acceptance of the male by the female partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
| | - Angela B. Javurek
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
| | - Michele S. Painter
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Peritore
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Ellersieck
- Agriculture Experimental Station-Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
| | - R. Michael Roberts
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rosenfeld CS. Bisphenol A and phthalate endocrine disruption of parental and social behaviors. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:57. [PMID: 25784850 PMCID: PMC4347611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can induce promiscuous neurobehavioral disturbances. Bisphenol A and phthalates are two widely prevalent and persistent EDCs reported to lead to such effects. Parental and social behaviors are especially vulnerable to endocrine disruption, as these traits are programmed by the organizational-activational effects of testosterone and estrogen. Exposure to BPA and other EDCs disrupts normal maternal care provided by rodents and non-human primates, such as nursing, time she spends hunched over and in the nest, and grooming her pups. Paternal care may also be affected by BPA. No long-term study has linked perinatal exposure to BPA or other EDC and later parental behavioral deficits in humans. The fact that the same brain regions and neural hormone substrates govern parental behaviors in animal models and humans suggests that this suite of behaviors may also be vulnerable in the latter. Social behaviors, such as communication, mate choice, pair bonding, social inquisitiveness and recognition, play behavior, social grooming, copulation, and aggression, are compromised in animal models exposed to BPA, phthalates, and other EDCs. Early contact to these chemicals is also correlated with maladaptive social behaviors in children. These behavioral disturbances may originate by altering the fetal or adult gonadal production of testosterone or estrogen, expression of ESR1, ESR2, and AR in the brain regions governing these behaviors, neuropeptide/protein hormone (oxytocin, vasopressin, and prolactin) and their cognate neural receptors, and/or through epimutations. Robust evidence exists for all of these EDC-induced changes. Concern also exists for transgenerational persistence of such neurobehavioral disruptions. In sum, evidence for social and parental deficits induced by BPA, phthalates, and related chemicals is strongly mounting, and such effects may ultimately compromise the overall social fitness of populations to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Genetics Area Program, Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
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Weber DN, Hoffmann RG, Hoke ES, Tanguay RL. Bisphenol A exposure during early development induces sex-specific changes in adult zebrafish social interactions. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:50-66. [PMID: 25424546 PMCID: PMC4246420 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.958419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Developmental bisphenol A (BPA) exposure is associated with adverse behavioral effects, although underlying modes of action remain unclear. Because BPA is a suspected xenoestrogen, the objective was to identify sex-based changes in adult zebrafish social behavior developmentally exposed to BPA (0.0, 0.1, or 1 μM) or one of two control compounds (0.1 μM 17β-estradiol [E2], and 0.1 μM GSK4716, a synthetic estrogen-related receptor γ ligand). A test chamber was divided lengthwise so each arena held one fish unable to detect the presence of the other fish. A mirror was inserted at one end of each arena; baseline activity levels were determined without mirror. Arenas were divided into three computer-generated zones to represent different distances from mirror image. Circadian rhythm patterns were evaluated at 1-3 (= AM) and 5-8 (= PM) h postprandial. Adult zebrafish were placed into arenas and monitored by digital camera for 5 min. Total distance traveled, percent of time spent at mirror image, and number of attacks on mirror image were quantified. E2, GSK4716, and all BPA treatments dampened male activity and altered male circadian activity patterns; there was no marked effect on female activity. BPA induced nonmonotonic effects (response curve changes direction within range of concentrations examined) on male percent of time at mirror only in AM. All treatments produced increased percent of time at the mirror during PM. Male attacks on the mirror were reduced by BPA exposure only during AM. There were sex-specific effects of developmental BPA on social interactions, and time of day of observation affected results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Weber
- Children’s Environmental Health Sciences Core Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- To Whom Correspondence Should Be Addressed: , 600 E. Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204, (414) 382-1726
| | | | | | - Robert L. Tanguay
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University
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Inadera H. Neurological Effects of Bisphenol A and its Analogues. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:926-36. [PMID: 26664253 PMCID: PMC4661290 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The use of BPA-containing products in daily life makes exposure ubiquitous, and the potential human health risks of this chemical are a major public health concern. Although numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been published on the effects of BPA on biological systems, there is controversy as to whether ordinary levels of exposure can have adverse effects in humans. However, the increasing incidence of developmental disorders is of concern, and accumulating evidence indicates that BPA has detrimental effects on neurological development. Other bisphenol analogues, used as substitutes for BPA, are also suspected of having a broad range of biological actions. The objective of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the neurobiological effects of BPA and its analogues, and to discuss preventive strategies from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Sullivan AW, Beach EC, Stetzik LA, Perry A, D'Addezio AS, Cushing BS, Patisaul HB. A novel model for neuroendocrine toxicology: neurobehavioral effects of BPA exposure in a prosocial species, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Endocrinology 2014; 155:3867-81. [PMID: 25051448 PMCID: PMC6285157 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Impacts on brain and behavior have been reported in laboratory rodents after developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), raising concerns about possible human effects. Epidemiological data suggest links between prenatal BPA exposure and altered affective behaviors in children, but potential mechanisms are unclear. Disruption of mesolimbic oxytocin (OT)/vasopressin (AVP) pathways have been proposed, but supporting evidence is minimal. To address these data gaps, we employed a novel animal model for neuroendocrine toxicology: the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), which are more prosocial than lab rats or mice. Male and female prairie vole pups were orally exposed to 5-μg/kg body weight (bw)/d, 50-μg/kg bw/d, or 50-mg/kg bw/d BPA or vehicle over postnatal days 8-14. Subjects were tested as juveniles in open field and novel social tests and for partner preference as adults. Brains were then collected and assessed for immunoreactive (ir) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (a dopamine marker) neurons in the principal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (pBNST) and TH-ir, OT-ir, and AVP-ir neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Female open field activity indicated hyperactivity at the lowest dose and anxiety at the highest dose. Effects on social interactions were also observed, and partner preference formation was mildly inhibited at all dose levels. BPA masculinized principal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis TH-ir neuron numbers in females. Additionally, 50-mg/kg bw BPA-exposed females had more AVP-ir neurons in the anterior PVN and fewer OT-ir neurons in the posterior PVN. At the 2 lowest doses, BPA eliminated sex differences in PVN TH-ir neuron numbers and reversed this sex difference at the highest dose. Minimal behavioral effects were observed in BPA-exposed males. These data support the hypothesis that BPA alters affective behaviors, potentially via disruption of OT/AVP pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana W Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences (A.W.S., A.S.D., H.B.P.), North Carolina State University, and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology (A.W.S., A.S.D., H.B.P.), Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Department of Biology and Integrated Bioscience Program (E.C.B., L.A.S., A.P., B.S.C.), University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44333
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Environmental Health Factors and Sexually Dimorphic Differences in Behavioral Disruptions. Curr Environ Health Rep 2014; 1:287-301. [PMID: 25705580 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors-in particular, those that we are exposed to during perinatal life-can dramatically shape the organism's risk for later diseases, including neurobehavioral disorders. However, depending on the environmental insult, one sex may demonstrate greater vulnerability than the other sex. Herein, we focus on two well-defined extrinsic environmental factors that lead to sexually dimorphic behavioral differences in animal models and linkage in human epidemiological studies. These include maternal or psychosocial stress (such as social stress) and exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (such as one of the most prevalent, bisphenol A [BPA]). In general, the evidence suggests that early environmental exposures, such as BPA and stress, lead to more pronounced behavioral deficits in males than in females, whereas female neurobehavioral patterns are more vulnerable to later in life stress. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex differences and developmental timing when examining the effects of environmental factors on later neurobehavioral outcomes.
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