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Shahkolahi S, Shakibnia P, Shahbazi S, Sabzi S, Badmasti F, Asadi Karam MR, Habibi M. Detection of ESBL and AmpC producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 and ST147 from urinary tract infections in Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:303-313. [PMID: 36112491 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study a total of 200 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Tehran, Iran. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpCs was performed using phenotypic tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the ESBL, AmpC, and integron genes. Analysis of AmpC and cassette arrays of integron genes was performed using DNA sequencing. Plasmids were analyzed by PCR-based replicon typing and conjugation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were applied to explore the genomic relatedness among the isolates. The highest levels of resistance were observed against ampicillin (100%), followed by piperacillin (57.5%), ceftazidime (46%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (44%), ciprofloxacin (32.5%), and imipenem (19%). Approximately, 66.5% of isolates harbored at least one of the beta-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA-1). In addition, 22.5% of isolates carried at least one of the AmpC genes including blaDHA and blaCIT. Integron class I was the most prevalent integron among resistant isolates. According to the results of replicon typing, IncFII, IncL/M, and IncA/C were the most frequent replicons, respectively. All selected isolates were able to transfer blaCTX-M, also two isolates transferred the blaDHA-1 gene to Escherichia coli K12 through conjugation. Finally, 21 isolates were categorized into 4 pulsotypes and 11 unique clusters in PFGE. MLST identified ST147 and ST11 sequence types but ST147 was the most prevalent in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pegah Shakibnia
- 2Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shahbazi
- 1Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sabzi
- 1Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Badmasti
- 3Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehri Habibi
- 1Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Kitt E, Hayes M, Ballester L, Sewawa KB, Mulale U, Mazhani L, Arscott-Mills T, Coffin SE, Steenhoff AP. Assessing antibiotic utilization among pediatric patients in Gaborone, Botswana. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221104437. [PMID: 36814934 PMCID: PMC9939905 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Over the past decade, concerning trends in antimicrobial resistance have emerged in Southern Africa. Given a paucity of pediatric data, our objectives were to (1) describe antibiotic utilization trends at a national referral center in Southern Africa and (2) assess the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics appropriately. In addition, risk factors for inappropriate use were explored. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study on medical and surgical pediatric patients aged below 13 years admitted to the country's tertiary care referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. We collected demographics, clinical, laboratory, and microbiology details, in addition to information on antibiotic use. We separately categorized antibiotic prescriptions using the World Health Organization AWaRe Classification of Access, Watch, and Restrict. Results Our final cohort of 299 patients was 44% female and 27% HIV-exposed; most (68%) were admitted to the General Pediatrics ward. Infections were a common cause of hospitalization in 29% of the cohort. Almost half of our cohort were prescribed at least one antibiotic during their stay, including 40% on admission; almost half (47%) of these prescriptions were deemed appropriate. At the time of discharge, 52 (21%) patients were prescribed an antibiotic, of which 37% were appropriate. Of all antibiotics prescribed, 42% were from the World Health Organization Access antibiotic list, 58% were from the Watch antibiotic list, and 0% were prescribed antibiotics from the Restrict antibiotic list. Univariate analyses revealed that surgical patients were significantly more likely to have inappropriate antibiotics prescribed on admission. Patients who were treated for diseases for which there was a clinical pathway, or who had blood cultures sent at the time of admission were less likely to have inappropriate antibiotics prescribed. On multivariate analysis, apart from admission to the surgical unit, there were no independent predictors for inappropriate antibiotic use, although there was a trend for critically ill patients to receive inappropriate antibiotics. Conclusion Our study reveals high rates of antibiotic consumption, much of which was inappropriate. Promising areas for antimicrobial stewardship interventions include (1) standardization of management approaches in the pediatric surgical population and (2) the implementation of feasible and generalizable clinical pathways in this tertiary care facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Kitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Infection Prevention and
Control, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Eimear Kitt, The Hub for Clinical
Collaboration, Division of Infectious Diseases, Floor 9 Room 9549, 3500 Civic
Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Molly Hayes
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lance Ballester
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Unami Mulale
- Department of Paediatrics and
Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone,
Botswana
| | - Loeto Mazhani
- Department of Paediatrics and
Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone,
Botswana
| | - Tonya Arscott-Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone,
Botswana,Department of Paediatrics and
Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone,
Botswana
| | - Susan E Coffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Infection Prevention and
Control, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Steenhoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone,
Botswana,Department of Paediatrics and
Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone,
Botswana
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Karah N, Antypas K, Al-toutanji A, Suveyd U, Rafei R, Haraoui LP, Elamin W, Hamze M, Abbara A, Rhoads DD, Pantanowitz L, Uhlin BE. Teleclinical Microbiology: An Innovative Approach to Providing Web-Enabled Diagnostic Laboratory Services in Syria. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:554-560. [PMID: 34643678 PMCID: PMC8973258 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Telemedicine can compensate for the lack of health care specialists in response to protracted humanitarian crises. We sought to assess the usability of a teleclinical microbiology (TCM) program to provide diagnostic services in a hard-to-reach region of Syria. METHODS A semimobile station was equipped with conventional micrograph and macrograph digital imaging systems. An electronic platform (Telemicrobiology in Humanitarian Crises, TmHC) was created to facilitate sharing, interpreting, and storing the results. A pilot study was conducted to identify the bacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 74 urinary clinical isolates. An experience survey was conducted to capture the feedback of 8 participants in the program. RESULTS The TmHC platform (https://sdh.ngo/tmhc/) enabled systematic transmission of the laboratory records and co-interpretation of the results. The isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 61), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12), and Proteus mirabilis(n = 1). All the isolates were multidrug resistant. The performance of our TCM module was rated 4 (satisfying) and 5 (very satisfying) by 6 and 2 users, respectively. Data security of and cost-effectiveness were the main perceived concerns. CONCLUSIONS Although we encountered several context-related obstacles, our TCM program managed to reach a highly vulnerable population of 4 million people confined in the northwest region of Syria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Karah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anas Al-toutanji
- Biochemical Science and Technology Department, Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Usama Suveyd
- Zooteknik Department, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Louis-Patrick Haraoui
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Wael Elamin
- G42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Queen Mary UniversityLondon, London, UK
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Aula Abbara
- Department of Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Daniel D Rhoads
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mitiku A, Aklilu A, Biresaw G, Gize A. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Among Urinary Tract Infection Suspected Patients Attending at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2133-2142. [PMID: 34135603 PMCID: PMC8200170 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s306648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very frequent infection both in the community and hospital patients, and the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community setting and infections with this pathogen become a prevalent problem among UTI patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine prevalence and associated factors of methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among urinary tract infection suspected patients attending at Arba Minch General Hospital. METHODS Facility-based cross-sectional study was done at Arba Minch General Hospital from July to October 2020. Midstream urine specimen was collected from outpatients, cultured and biochemical tests were performed to identify the intended pathogen, finally the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA was done and possible associated factors were determined. The cleaned data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS Four hundred and twenty two (422) adult outpatients were enrolled in this study, of which males accounted for 238 (56.4%) of the participants. The mean and standard deviation age of the participants was 27.4 (SD 27.4 ± 15.6) years. A total of 54 S. aureus isolates were recovered from urine specimen. The prevalence of MRSA among the isolated S. aureus was 23/54 (42.59% (95% CI (35.0, 47.0)). Participants who had previous exposure to UTI (p < 0.002), presence of chronic disease (p < 0.029), and hospitalization (p < 0.006) were statically associated with the prevalence of MRSA. From all the MRSA isolates, 53.7% were resistant against Nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION This study revealed that MRSA could be prevalent in isolates from patients suspected of urinary tract infection and exhibiting different resistance pattern for antibiotics commonly used for treatment of staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaye Mitiku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Aklilu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Gelila Biresaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Gize
- Department of Microbiology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gaston JR, Johnson AO, Bair KL, White AN, Armbruster CE. Polymicrobial interactions in the urinary tract: is the enemy of my enemy my friend? Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00652-20. [PMID: 33431702 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00652-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of research pertaining to urinary tract infection has focused on a single pathogen in isolation, and predominantly Escherichia coli. However, polymicrobial urine colonization and infection are prevalent in several patient populations, including individuals with urinary catheters. The progression from asymptomatic colonization to symptomatic infection and severe disease is likely shaped by interactions between traditional pathogens as well as constituents of the normal urinary microbiota. Recent studies have begun to experimentally dissect the contribution of polymicrobial interactions to disease outcomes in the urinary tract, including their role in development of antimicrobial-resistant biofilm communities, modulating the innate immune response, tissue damage, and sepsis. This review aims to summarize the epidemiology of polymicrobial urine colonization, provide an overview of common urinary tract pathogens, and present key microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions that influence infection progression, persistence, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Gaston
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Alexandra O Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Kirsten L Bair
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Ashley N White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Chelsie E Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo
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Mortazavi-Tabatabaei SAR, Ghaderkhani J, Nazari A, Sayehmiri K, Sayehmiri F, Pakzad I. Pattern of Antibacterial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:169. [PMID: 32133087 PMCID: PMC6826787 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_419_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases ranking next to upper respiratory tract infections. UTIs are often significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. The inappropriate administration of antibiotics to treat these infections increased infection resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance pattern in UTIs. Methods We searched several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, Magiran, IranDoc, MedLib, and Scientific Information Database to identify the studies addressing antibacterial resistance patterns of the most common uropathogenic bacteria in UTIs in Iran. A total of 90 reports published from different regions of Iran from 1992 to May 2015 were involved in this study. Results It is shown that the most common pathogen causing UTIs is Escherichia coli with 62%. The resistance among the isolates of E. coli was as follows: ampicillin (86%), amoxicillin (76%), tetracycline (71%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (64%), cephalexin (61%), and cefalothin (60%). The highest sensitivity among isolates of E. coli was as follows: imipenem (86%), nitrofurantoin (82%), amikacin (79%), chloramphenicol (72%), and ciprofloxacin (72%). Conclusions The results of this study showed that the most common resistance are antibiotics that are commonly used. The most effective antibiotics for E. coli were imipenem, nitrofurantoin, amikacin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Considering this study, it had better, use less gentamicin, second-generation cephalosporins, and nalidixic acid in the initial treatment of infections caused by E. coli, and no use penicillins, tetracyclines, cotrimoxazole, and first-generation cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalal Ghaderkhani
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kourosh Sayehmiri
- Department Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Prevalence of Cotrimoxazole Resistance Uropathogenic Bacteria in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.63256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gaskell KM, Feasey NA, Heyderman RS. Management of severe non-TB bacterial infection in HIV-infected adults. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 13:183-95. [PMID: 25578883 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.995631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread antiretroviral therapy use, severe bacterial infections (SBI) in HIV-infected adults continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Four main pathogens account for the majority of documented SBI: Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typhoidal strains of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The epidemiology of SBI is dynamic, both in developing countries where, despite dramatic successes in antiretroviral therapy, coverage is far from complete, and in settings in both resource-poor and resource-rich countries where antiretroviral therapy failure is becoming increasingly common. Throughout the world, this complexity is further compounded by rapidly emerging antimicrobial resistance, making management of SBI very challenging in these vulnerable patients. We review the causes and treatment of SBI in HIV-infected people and discuss future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Gaskell
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is arguably the most important threat to human and animal health. The impacts of antimicrobial use can reach far from the site of prescription and wildlife may serve as a conduit for the movement of resistance across landscapes, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance within and between different reservoirs. We compared antimicrobial resistance and life history among wild and domestic species in Chobe, Botswana to explore key attributes and behaviors that may increase exposure and allow resistance to move between humans, animals, and ecosystems. Among 150 fecal samples evaluated from African animals, 41.3% contained Escherichia coli isolates that were resistant to one or two of 10 tested antibiotics, and 13.3% of isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance (three or more antibiotics). Resistance to each of the 10 tested antibiotics was detected among wildlife fecal samples. Resistance was widespread, but not ubiquitous, and isolates from wildlife demonstrated similar patterns of resistance to human E. coli from environmental and clinical sources in the study area. Multidrug resistance was significantly higher in carnivores, water-associated species, and species inhabiting urban areas, suggesting that life history may be key to understanding exposure patterns and transmission dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes.
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Sun F, Chen S, Qiu X, Sun Y, Feng W, Chen J, Xia P. Antibacterial activity of fosfomycin against uropathogens. Chemotherapy 2015; 60:157-61. [PMID: 25792115 DOI: 10.1159/000371734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the rising rates of resistance to antimicrobial drugs among pathogens have caused great difficulty for clinicians treating infectious diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the curative effect of fosfomycin in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) in China. METHODS We collected clinical isolates of UTIs to determine their susceptibility to fosfomycin by the agar dilution method and to analyze extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates by the double-disc method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Fosfomycin-modifying enzyme analysis was conducted by PCR. Differences between the different groups were determined by the χ(2) test. RESULTS We collected 433 UTI isolates, and the result showed that the susceptibility rates of clinical isolates were all above 80%. Only Klebsiella pneumoniae was fosA positive, with a positive rate of 26.7%. No correlation was found for the resistance between the antibiotic drugs tested and fosfomycin in the other bacteria, except for cefepime, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Enterobacter cloacae and imipenem in K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that fosfomycin may be a suitable antimicrobial agent for UTI isolates and ESBL-producing bacteria in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Saha S, Nayak S, Bhattacharyya I, Saha S, Mandal AK, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharyya R, Chakraborty R, Franco OL, Mandal SM, Basak A. Understanding the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection in West Bengal, India. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:463. [PMID: 25278932 PMCID: PMC4166956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases at the community level. In order to assess the adequacy of empirical therapy, the susceptibility of antibiotics and resistance pattern of bacteria responsible for UTI in West Bengal, India, were evaluated throughout the period of 2008-2013. The infection reports belonging to all age groups and both sexes were considered. Escherichia coli was the most abundant uropathogen with a prevalence rate of 67.1%, followed by Klebsiella spp. (22%) and Pseudomonas spp. (6%). Penicillin was least effective against UTI-causing E. coli and maximum susceptibility was recorded for the drugs belonging to fourth generation cephalosporins. Other abundant uropathogens, Klebsiella spp., were maximally resistant to broad-spectrum penicillin, followed by aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporin. The antibiotic resistance pattern of two principal UTI pathogens, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in West Bengal, appears in general to be similar to that found in other parts of the Globe. Higher than 50% resistance were observed for broad-spectrum penicillin. Fourth generation cephalosporin and macrolides seems to be the choice of drug in treating UTIs in Eastern India. Furthermore, improved maintenance of infection incident logs is needed in Eastern Indian hospitals in order to facilitate regular surveillance of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance patterns, since such levels continue to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Saha
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Presidency University Kolkata, India
| | - Sridhara Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Suman Saha
- Ocular Microbiology & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Priyamvada Birla Aravind Eye Hospital Kolkata, India
| | - Amit K Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, North Bengal University Siliguri, India ; Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University Midnapore, India
| | | | | | | | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília Brasilia, Brazil ; Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco Campo-Grande, Brazil
| | - Santi M Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India ; Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University Midnapore, India
| | - Amit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
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