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Restoring Inflammatory Mediator Balance after Sofosbuvir-Induced Viral Clearance in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8578051. [PMID: 29977152 PMCID: PMC5994301 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8578051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing circulating levels of inflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection undergoing therapy with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) and correlating these immune biomarkers with liver disease status. We studied 88 Brazilian monoinfected chronic hepatitis C patients receiving interferon- (IFN-) free sofosbuvir-based regimens for 12 or 24 weeks, followed-up before therapy initiation and three months after the end of treatment. Liver disease was determined by transient elastography, in addition to APRI and FIB-4 indexes. Analysis of 30 immune mediators was carried out by multiplex or enzymatic immunoassays. Sustained virological response rate was 98.9%. Serum levels of cytokines were increased in HCV-infected patients when compared to control group. CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IL-1β, IL-15, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, FGFb, and PAI-1 decreased significantly after antiviral therapy, reaching values similar to noninfected controls. TGF-β and suPAR levels were associated with fibrosis/cirrhosis. Also, we observed amelioration in hepatic parameters after DAA treatment. Together, our results suggest that viral control induced by IFN-free DAA therapy restores inflammatory mediators in association with improvement in liver function.
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Sghaier I, Mouelhi L, Rabia NA, Ghazoueni E, Almawi WY, Loueslati BY. IL-10 and IL-28B gene variants as predictors of sustained response to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy in chronic HCV infection. Cytokine 2017; 151:154008. [PMID: 28391873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays an important role in the immunity to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Insofar as IL-10 variants are associated with altered levels of IL-10, previous studies that examined the association of IL-10 polymorphisms with the susceptibility to and progression of chronic HCV, and response to anti-viral treatment were inconsistent. We investigated the association between common IL-10 variants in the intron and the promotor region with HCV and associated features. METHODS Study subjects comprised 120 patients infected with HCV-1b, and treated with Peg-IFN/RBV. Genotyping of six IL-10 promoter variants in the intron region (rs1878672, rs1554286, rs1518111) and promotor region (rs1800872, rs1800871, rs1800896) were done by real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared to G/G, carriage of IL-10 rs1800896 (-1082A/G) A/A genotype was more frequent in patients with sustained virological response (SVR). The decline in viral load over the first 12weeks of treatment was more pronounced in rs1800896 A/A genotype carriers, compared to G/G genotype carriers, and was irrespective of the treatment dosage. Carriage of rs1800896 A/A genotype was positively associated with improvement in viral load decline, which was simultaneous, with and without carriage of the common favourable IL-28B variant. Carriage of both IL-10 rs1800896 G/G and IL-28B non-favourable genotype was associated with twice the risk of getting slow decline of viral load during treatment. Haploview analysis identified ACGCTA and CCGCTG haplotypes to be linked with excellent PegIFN/RBV cure rate, and complete HCV eradication. On the other hand, ACGCTG and CCGCTA haplotypes were associated with resistance to PegIFN/RBV treatment. CONCLUSION IL-10 rs1800896 variant markedly influences the clinical outcome of HCV infection, and is a determinant of the response to HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Sghaier
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers: LR16ES05, 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Leila Mouelhi
- Charles Nicolle Hospital, Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Department, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Noor A Rabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Besma Yacoubi Loueslati
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers: LR16ES05, 2092, Tunisia
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Alhetheel A, Albarrag A, Shakoor Z, Alswat K, Abdo A, Al-Hamoudi W, Alomar S. Increased Spontaneous Programmed Cell Death Is Associated with Impaired Cytokine Secretion in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Patients. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:283-287. [PMID: 28304236 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a critical role in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV). PBMC defects have been linked with HCV infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We hypothesized that PBMCs of HCV-infected patients are more susceptible to programmed cell death (PCD), and are therefore unable to clear HCV. We compared spontaneous PBMC PCD and cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1, -6, -8, -10, and -12] secretion between untreated (naive) HCV+ and treated [sustained responder (SR)] patients with HCV, and HCV- healthy controls. Spontaneous PBMC PCD was assessed by annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, and cytokine levels were measured by cytometric bead array. Differences between groups were analyzed through paired and nonpaired t tests and Mann-Whitney U test. The rate of spontaneous PCD was higher in PBMCs of naive HCV+ patients (p < 0.0001) and SR-HCV patients (p < 0.002) than in HCV- controls. Significantly low levels of IL-8, -6, and -10 were detected in the supernatant of cell cultures of PBMCs from naive HCV+ (p < 0.05) and SR-HCV (p < 0.05) patients relative to HCV- controls. There was no difference between the naive HCV+ and SR-HCV groups in terms of PBMC PCD rate or cytokine levels. The present findings indicate that HCV infection is associated with increased PBMC susceptibility to PCD and decreased production of IL-8, -6, and -10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Alhetheel
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shakoor
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alswat
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdo
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al-Hamoudi
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alomar
- 4 Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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O'Connor KS, Read SA, Wang M, Schibeci S, Eslam M, Ong A, Weltman MD, Douglas MW, Mazzola A, Craxì A, Petta S, Stewart GJ, Liddle C, George J, Ahlenstiel G, Booth DR. IFNL3/4 genotype is associated with altered immune cell populations in peripheral blood in chronic hepatitis C infection. Genes Immun 2016; 17:328-34. [PMID: 27307212 PMCID: PMC5399140 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) gene predict outcomes to infection and anti-viral treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To identify IFNL3 genotype effects on peripheral blood, we collected phenotype data on 400 patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The IFNL3 responder genotype predicted significantly lower white blood cells (WBCs), as well as lower absolute numbers of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes for both rs8099917 and rs12979860. We sought to define the WBC subsets driving this association using flow cytometry of 67 untreated CHC individuals. Genotype-associated differences were seen in the ratio of CD4CD45RO+ to CD4CD45RO-; CD8CD45RO+ to CD8CD45RO-, NK CD56 dim to bright and monocyte numbers and percentages. Whole blood expression levels of IFNL3, IFNLR1 (interferon lambda receptor 1), IFNLR1-mem (a membrane-associated receptor), IFNLR1-sol (a truncated soluble receptor), MxA and T- and NK (natural killer) cell transcription factors TBX21, GATA3, RORC, FOXP3 and EOMES in two subjects were also determined. CHC patients demonstrated endogenous IFN activation with higher levels of MxA, IFNLR1, IFNLR1-mem and IFNLR1-sol, and IFNL3 genotype-associated differences in transcription factors. Taken together, these data provide evidence of an IFNL3 genotype association with differences in monocyte, T- and NK cell levels in the peripheral blood of patients with CHC. This could underpin genotype associations with spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV clearance and hepatic necroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S O'Connor
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S A Read
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Wang
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Schibeci
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Ong
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M D Weltman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Mazzola
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Craxì
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G J Stewart
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D R Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Krämer B, Finnemann C, Sastre B, Lutz P, Glässner A, Wolter F, Goeser F, Kokordelis P, Kaczmarek D, Nischalke HD, Strassburg CP, Spengler U, Nattermann J. IL-28B Genetic Variants Determine the Extent of Monocyte-Induced Activation of NK Cells in Hepatitis C. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162068. [PMID: 27583440 PMCID: PMC5008784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immuno-genetic studies suggest a functional link between NK cells and λ-IFNs. We recently showed that NK cells are negative for the IFN-λ receptor IFN-λR1 and do not respond to IFN-λ, suggesting a rather indirect association between IL-28B genotype and NK cell activity. METHODS A total of 75 HCV(+) patients and 67 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. IL-28B (rs12979860) and IFNL-4 (rs368234815) genotypes were determined by rtPCR. Total PBMC, monocytes, and NK cells were stimulated with IL-29, the TLR-7/8 agonist R848, or a combination of both. NK cell IFN-γ response was analysed by FACS. IL-12 and IL-18 secretion of monocytes was studied by ELISA. In blocking experiments anti-IL-12/anti-IL-18 were used. RESULTS Following stimulation of total PBMCs with R848 we found NK cell IFN- γ responses to vary with the IL-28B genotype, with carriers of a T/T genotype displaying the lowest frequency of IFN-γ(+)NK cells. When isolated NK cells were studied no such associations were observed, indicating an indirect association between IL-28B genotype and NK cell activity. Accordingly, we found R848-stimulated monocytes of patients with a T/T genotype to be significantly less effective in triggering NK cell IFN- γ production than monocytes from carriers of a non-T/T genotype. In line with these findings we observed monocytes from T/T patients to secrete significantly lower concentrations of IL-12 than monocytes from non-T/T individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that monocytes from carriers of an IL-28B T/T genotype display a reduced ability to stimulate NK cell activity and, thus, provide a link between IL-28B genotype and NK functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Finnemann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- AIDS Research Network (RIS-RETICS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Glässner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Wolter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Goeser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Pavlos Kokordelis
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kaczmarek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Nischalke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian P. Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
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6
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Dynamic changes in CD45RA(-)Foxp3(high) regulatory T-cells in chronic hepatitis C patients during antiviral therapy. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 45:5-12. [PMID: 26875600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Treg) are known to accumulate under certain pathological conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of and dynamic changes in Treg cells in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients during antiviral therapy. METHODS One hundred and forty-five subjects were enrolled in this study, including 105 CHC patients and 40 healthy donors. The phenotypes and functions of Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS A significant elevation in Treg cells was observed in the peripheral blood of CHC patients compared with healthy donors. Interestingly, compared with non-suppressive Treg (non-Treg) and resting Treg (rTreg) cells, activated Treg (aTreg) cells expressed higher levels of ectonucleotidase, CD39, and CD73. After treatment with interferon alpha (IFN-α) and ribavirin (RBV) in vitro, the frequencies of total Treg cells and aTreg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as well as the levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) secreted by aTreg and non-Treg cells, were significantly decreased. Importantly, it was found that levels of aTreg cells in patients with a sustained virological response (SVR) were lower than in relapsed patients, suggesting that a high frequency of aTreg cells might be associated with a poor clinical outcome in HCV infection. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a decreasing trend in aTreg cells, which express higher levels of CD39, CD73, and TGF-β, in SVR patients during antiviral therapy.
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7
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Brietzke AP, Rozisky JR, Dussan-Sarria JA, Deitos A, Laste G, Hoppe PFT, Muller S, Torres ILS, Alvares-da-Silva MR, de Amorim RFB, Fregni F, Caumo W. Neuroplastic Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Painful Symptoms Reduction in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Phase II Randomized, Double Blind, Sham Controlled Trial. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:498. [PMID: 26793047 PMCID: PMC4707227 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pegylated Interferon Alpha (Peg-IFN) in combination with other drugs is the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) and is related to severe painful symptoms. The aim of this study was access the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in controlling the painful symptoms related to Peg-IFN side effects. Materials and Methods: In this phase II double-blind trial, twenty eight (n = 28) HCV subjects were randomized to receive either 5 consecutive days of active tDCS (n = 14) or sham (n = 14) during 5 consecutive days with anodal stimulation over the primary motor cortex region using 2 mA for 20 min. The primary outcomes were visual analogue scale (VAS) pain and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels. Secondary outcomes were the pressure-pain threshold (PPT), the Brazilian Profile of Chronic Pain: Screen (B-PCP:S), and drug analgesics use. Results: tDCS reduced the VAS scores (P < 0.003), with a mean pain drop of 56% (p < 0.001). Furthermore, tDCS was able to enhance BDNF levels (p < 0.01). The mean increase was 37.48% in the active group. Finally, tDCS raised PPT (p < 0.001) and reduced the B-PCP:S scores and analgesic use (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Five sessions of tDCS were effective in reducing the painful symptoms in HCV patients undergoing Peg-IFN treatment. These findings support the efficacy of tDCS as a promising therapeutic tool to improve the tolerance of the side effects related to the use of Peg-IFN. Future larger studies (phase III and IV trials) are needed to confirm the clinical use of the therapeutic effects of tDCS in such condition. Trial registration: Brazilian Human Health Regulator for Research with the approval number CAAE 07802012.0.0000.5327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P Brietzke
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joanna R Rozisky
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jairo A Dussan-Sarria
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alicia Deitos
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Laste
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Priscila F T Hoppe
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Suzana Muller
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mário R Alvares-da-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine (Gastroenterology/Hepatology), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rivadavio F B de Amorim
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Physics and Rehabilitation Department, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Physics and Rehabilitation Department, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
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8
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Jabłońska J, Pawłowski T, Laskus T, Zalewska M, Inglot M, Osowska S, Perlejewski K, Bukowska-Ośko I, Cortes KC, Pawełczyk A, Ząbek P, Radkowski M. The correlation between pretreatment cytokine expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with chronic hepatitis C outcome. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:556. [PMID: 26637466 PMCID: PMC4670510 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Cytokine response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is likely to determine the natural course of infection as well as the outcome of antiviral treatment. However, the role of particular cytokines remains unclear. The current study analyzed activation of cytokine response in chronic hepatitis C patients undergoing standard antiviral treatment. Methods Twenty-two patients were treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Twenty-six different cytokine transcripts were measured quantitatively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after therapy and correlated with therapy outcome as well as with clinical and liver histological data. Results We found that patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) showed higher pretreatment cytokine response when compared to subjects in whom therapy was unsuccessful. The differentially expressed factors included IL-8, IL-16, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MCP-2, TGF-β, and IP-10. Serum ALT activity and/or histological grading also positively correlated with the expression of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, GM-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-2 and TGF-β. Conclusion Pretreatment activation of the immune system, as reflected by cytokines transcripts upregulation, positively correlates with treatment outcome and closely reflects liver inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jabłońska
- Department of Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Pawłowski
- Division of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Laskus
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Zalewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immune Deficiences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Inglot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immune Deficiences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Osowska
- Department of General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Perlejewski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Bukowska-Ośko
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamila Caraballo Cortes
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ząbek
- Municipal Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Abdou AG, Asaad NY, Ehsan N, Eltahmody M, El-Sabaawy MM, Elkholy S, Elnaidany NF. The role of IL-28, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in predicting response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin in chronic HCV patients. APMIS 2015; 123:18-27. [PMID: 25131720 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of HCV therapy is to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). Many host and viral factors influence the treatment response. Cytokines play an important role in the defense against viral infections, where successful treatment of hepatitis C depends on a complex balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the presence and percentage of some cytokines (IL-28, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) regarding different clinicopathological parameters including response to therapy in chronic HCV patients using immunohistochemical technique. This study was carried out on 64 chronic HCV patients (34 responders and 30 non-responders). Of cases, 54% showed IL-28 expression, which was associated with low AST (p = 0.002) and low HAI score (p = 0.006). Of cases, 67 and 45% showed IFN-γ and TNF-α expression, respectively, where the median percentage of TNF-α expression was higher in grade II spotty necrosis compared to grade I. Some inflammatory cytokines expressed by intrahepatic inflammatory cells in chronic HCV patients promote inflammation and injury (pro-inflammatory) such as TNF-α. Other cytokines aid in resolving inflammation and injury (anti-inflammatory) such as IL-28. The balance between these cytokines will determine the degree of inflammatory state. None of the investigated cytokines proved its clear cut role in affecting response to therapy, however, their levels varied between responders and non-responders for further investigations to clarify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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Mishra S, Lavelle BJ, Desrosiers J, Ardito MT, Terry F, Martin WD, De Groot AS, Gregory SH. Dendritic cell-mediated, DNA-based vaccination against hepatitis C induces the multi-epitope-specific response of humanized, HLA transgenic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104606. [PMID: 25111185 PMCID: PMC4128787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the etiologic agent of chronic liver disease, hepatitis C. Spontaneous resolution of viral infection is associated with vigorous HLA class I- and class II-restricted T cell responses to multiple viral epitopes. Unfortunately, only 20% of patients clear infection spontaneously, most develop chronic disease and require therapy. The response to chemotherapy varies, however; therapeutic vaccination offers an additional treatment strategy. To date, therapeutic vaccines have demonstrated only limited success. Vector-mediated vaccination with multi-epitope-expressing DNA constructs alone or in combination with chemotherapy offers an additional treatment approach. Gene sequences encoding validated HLA-A2- and HLA-DRB1-restricted epitopes were synthesized and cloned into an expression vector. Dendritic cells (DCs) derived from humanized, HLA-A2/DRB1 transgenic (donor) mice were transfected with these multi-epitope-expressing DNA constructs. Recipient HLA-A2/DRB1 mice were vaccinated s.c. with transfected DCs; control mice received non-transfected DCs. Peptide-specific IFN-γ production by splenic T cells obtained at 5 weeks post-immunization was quantified by ELISpot assay; additionally, the production of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α were quantified by cytokine bead array. Splenocytes derived from vaccinated HLA-A2/DRB1 transgenic mice exhibited peptide-specific cytokine production to the vast majority of the vaccine-encoded HLA class I- and class II-restricted T cell epitopes. A multi-epitope-based HCV vaccine that targets DCs offers an effective approach to inducing a broad immune response and viral clearance in chronic, HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Bianca J. Lavelle
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Joe Desrosiers
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Matt T. Ardito
- EpiVax, Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Frances Terry
- EpiVax, Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | | | - Anne S. De Groot
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- EpiVax, Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Stephen H. Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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