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Soczewka M, Kędzia A, Skowrońska B, Niechciał E. Importance of diet in children and adolescents with obesity and asthma. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 30:91-96. [PMID: 39026486 PMCID: PMC11249804 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2024.140936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Both obesity and asthma are increasingly being diagnosed in the childhood population. Obesity is linked to a greater asthma morbidity, and it increases the risk of severity of the disease course. The association between these 2 disorders has not yet been fully elucidated; however, several putative factors have been proposed related to mechanical and inflammatory aspects of obesity. Diet is an important adjustable element in obesity and asthma management. An unhealthy diet based on processed food is likely to promote chronic inflammation in both conditions; hence, appropriate nutrition should be an integral part of the children's therapy. This review discusses dietary models that have a positive impact on patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Soczewka
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes, Auxology, and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędzia
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes, Auxology, and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bogda Skowrońska
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes, Auxology, and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Niechciał
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes, Auxology, and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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2
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Ramos-Campo DJ, Beltran-Velasco AI, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro Jimenez E, Redondo-Flórez L, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Basis of preventive and non-pharmacological interventions in asthma. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1172391. [PMID: 37920579 PMCID: PMC10619920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common atopic disorders in all stages of life. Its etiology is likely due to a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Due to this, different non-pharmacological interventions can be implemented to reduce or alleviate the symptoms caused by this disease. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to analyze the preventive and non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, physiotherapy, nutritional, ergonutritional, and psychological strategies in asthma treatment. To reach these aims, an extensive narrative review was conducted. The databases used were MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. Asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by increased responsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. Different factors have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, however, the treatments used to reduce its incidence are more controversial. Physical activity is focused on the benefits that aerobic training can provide, while physiotherapy interventions recommend breathing exercises to improve the quality of life of patients. Nutritional interventions are targeted on implement diets that prioritize the consumption of fruits and vegetables and supplementation with antioxidants. Psychological interventions have been proposed as an essential non-pharmacological tool to reduce the emotional problems associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
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3
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Shi Z, El-Obeid T, Meftah Z, Alawi A, Said S, Ganji V. Fast food and sweet intake pattern is directly associated with the prevalence of asthma in a Qatari population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:428-433. [PMID: 34168291 PMCID: PMC8907074 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between dietary patterns and the prevalence of asthma is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and asthma in adults in Qatar. METHODS In this study, cross-sectional data from the Qatar Biobank were used (n = 986). Participants were Qatari or long-term Qatar residents aged ≥20 years old. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary intakes. Three dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary patterns scores and asthma. RESULTS Among 986 eligible participants, 6.6% (n = 65) reported that they were diagnosed with asthma. Three dietary patterns were identified. These were (1) "Traditional" (high intake of rice, chicken/meat/fish, and breads); (2) "Prudent" (high intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish); and (3) "Fast Food/Sweets" (high intake of desserts, fast food, and soft drinks). The fast food/sweet dietary pattern was associated with increased likelihood of having asthma [comparing high vs. low tertile, OR for asthma = 1.25; 95% CI (1.02-1.54); p = 0.035]. Traditional and Prudent dietary patterns were not associated with the prevalence of asthma. CONCLUSION The fast food/sweet dietary pattern was directly associated with the prevalence of asthma among adults in Qatar. Reducing the fast foods and sugary-rich foods may be beneficial for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Shi
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tahra El-Obeid
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zainab Meftah
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amal Alawi
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suad Said
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Ganji
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Nutrition and Nutrients in Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113708. [PMID: 34835964 PMCID: PMC8620690 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pulmonary overreaction to environmental triggers, which ultimately result in asthma-like symptoms, and the importance of dietary characteristics is well recognized. Diet is an important adjustable element in the asthma development. Food-specific composition of the diet, in particular fat, sugar, and low-quality nutrients, is likely to promote the chronic inflammatory state seen in asthmatic patients with obesity. An unbalanced diet or supplementation as a way to control asthma more efficiently has been described. A personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response. In this narrative review, we presented and discussed more recent literature on asthma associated with obesity among children, focusing on the risk of asthma among children with obesity, asthma as a result of obesity focusing on the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma. Appropriate early nutritional intervention could possibly be critical in preventing and managing asthma associated with obesity among children.
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Nygaard UC, Xiao L, Nadeau KC, Hew KM, Lv N, Camargo CA, Strub P, Ma J. Improved diet quality is associated with decreased concentrations of inflammatory markers in adults with uncontrolled asthma. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1012-1027. [PMID: 33871602 PMCID: PMC8578836 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma has become one of the major public health challenges, and recent studies show promising clinical benefits of dietary interventions, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether changes in diet quality are associated with changes in inflammatory markers important in asthma pathophysiology. METHODS In this exploratory study in patients with poorly controlled asthma participating in a randomized controlled trial of a DASH intervention study, changes in concentrations of a broad panel of serum proteins (51-plex Luminex assay, Affymetrix) were determined, and their relation to diet quality (DASH score) assessed by combining data of both intervention and usual-care control groups. Second, the relation between the serum proteins, other biomarkers of inflammation and nutrition, and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) was assessed. RESULTS During the first 3 mo, diet quality (DASH scores) were inversely associated (P < 0.05, false discovery rate P < 0.09) with serum concentrations of a large number serum proteins, reflecting not only general proinflammatory markers such as IL-1β, transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), and IL-6 (r = -0.31 to -0.39) but also a number of proteins associated with asthmatic conditions, specifically several T-helper (Th) 2 (Th2; r = -0.29 to -0.34) and Th17 (r = -0.4) associated cytokines and growth factors. Monokine induced by gamma/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) (MIG/CXCL9), a T-cell attractant induced by IFN-γ previously linked to asthma exacerbations, appeared to be the marker most consistently associated with DASH diet quality for the entire 6-mo study period (r = -0.40 and -0.30 for 0-3 and 3-6 mo, respectively, and standardized coefficient loadings -0.13 in the partial least squares analyses). Decreases in 19 serum protein concentrations were also correlated with improved asthma control during the 6-mo study period. CONCLUSIONS Our data in adult patients with poorly controlled asthma suggest that dietary changes, like the introduction of DASH, may have beneficial effects on reducing inflammatory status. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01725945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni C Nygaard
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department for Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kinjal M Hew
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nan Lv
- Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peg Strub
- Department of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Alwarith J, Kahleova H, Crosby L, Brooks A, Brandon L, Levin SM, Barnard ND. The role of nutrition in asthma prevention and treatment. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:928-938. [PMID: 32167552 PMCID: PMC7550896 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Prevalence has continued to rise in recent decades as Western dietary patterns have become more pervasive. Evidence suggests that diets emphasizing the consumption of plant-based foods might protect against asthma development and improve asthma symptoms through their effects on systemic inflammation, oxidation, and microbial composition. Additionally, increased fruit and vegetable intake, reduced animal product consumption, and weight management might mediate cytokine release, free radical damage, and immune responses involved in the development and course of asthma. The specific aim of this review paper is to examine the current literature on the associations between dietary factors and asthma risk and control in children and adults. Clinical trials examining the mechanism(s) by which dietary factors influence asthma outcomes are necessary to identify the potential use of nutritional therapy in the prevention and management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Alwarith
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lee Crosby
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexa Brooks
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Susan M Levin
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Neal D Barnard
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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7
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Ilmarinen P, Stridsman C, Bashir M, Tuomisto LE, Vähätalo I, Goksör E, Kankaanranta H, Backman H, Langhammer A, Piirilä P, Rönmark E, Lundbäck B, Nwaru BI, Wennergren G. Level of education and asthma control in adult-onset asthma. J Asthma 2021; 59:840-849. [PMID: 33497270 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1871742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Education in itself and as a proxy for socioeconomic status, may influence asthma control, but remains poorly studied in adult-onset asthma. Our aim was to study the association between the level of education and asthma control in adult-onset asthma. METHODS Subjects with current asthma with onset >15 years were examined within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden study (OLIN, n = 593), Seinäjoki Adult Asthma Study (SAAS, n = 200), and West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS, n = 301) in 2009-2014 in a cross-sectional setting. Educational level was classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. Uncontrolled asthma was defined as Asthma Control Test (ACT) score ≤19. Altogether, 896 subjects with complete data on ACT and education were included (OLIN n = 511, SAAS n = 200 and WSAS n = 185). RESULTS In each cohort and in pooled data of all cohorts, median ACT score was lower among those with primary education than in those with secondary and tertiary education. Uncontrolled asthma was most common among those with primary education, especially among daily ICS users (42.6% primary, 28.6% secondary and 24.2% tertiary; p = 0.001). In adjusted analysis, primary education was associated with uncontrolled asthma in daily ICS users (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15-3.20). When stratified by atopy, the association between primary education and uncontrolled asthma was seen in non-atopic (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.30-8.96) but not in atopic subjects. CONCLUSIONS In high-income Nordic countries, lower educational level was a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in subjects with adult-onset asthma. Educational level should be considered in the management of adult-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Ilmarinen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Caroline Stridsman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, The OLIN unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Muwada Bashir
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leena E Tuomisto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Iida Vähätalo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Emma Goksör
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Backman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS Medical Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wennergren
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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[Diet and asthma: Better eating for better breathing?]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:278-288. [PMID: 33676796 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled therapies are the cornerstone of asthma treatment. However, according to national and international guidelines, non-pharmacological interventions should not be neglected in asthma. It has been demonstrated that a healthy diet is beneficial to general health. Recently, the effect of diet on asthma has been highlighted in many studies. Two diets have been particularly studied: the Mediterranean diet (high in fruits and vegetables and low in fat) and the Western diet (high in saturated fat and low in fruits and vegetables). A beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet and deleterious effect of the Western diet on the development or control of asthma has been shown in some studies even after adjustment for overweight. Study findings have not been unanimous, probably related to the complexity of conducting studies on a diet that may change from day to day for any individual subject. In addition, the effect of physical exercise, which is known to be beneficial in asthma, is rarely taken into account in these studies. However, studies on diet are becoming more complex with the use of specific dietary indices, which should bring interesting data in the future.
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El Bilbeisi AHH, Albelbeisi A, Hosseini S, Djafarian K. Dietary Pattern and Their Association With Level of Asthma Control Among Patients With Asthma at Al-Shifa Medical Complex in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819841394. [PMID: 31057326 PMCID: PMC6452430 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819841394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns and their
association with level of asthma control among patients with asthma in Gaza
Strip, Palestine. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of
Palestinian patients with asthma (both sex, aged 19-64 years) receiving care
in chest department at Al-Shifa Medical Complex. Asthma control level was
obtained using asthma control test. Data regarding other variables were
obtained using an interview-based questionnaire and a semi-quantitative food
frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS
version 20. Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified including (1) Prudent pattern
characterized by a high intake of whole grains, beans and legumes, fish and
shellfish products, vegetables, tomatoes, fruits, and vegetable oils, and
(2) Western pattern characterized by a high intake of refined grains, red
meat, poultry, fast foods, eggs, low-fat dairy product, high-fat dairy
products, hydrogenated fats, olive, sugar, sweets, desserts, and snacks.
After adjustment for confounding variables, patients in the lowest tertile
(T1) of Prudent pattern had a lower odds for poorly controlled asthma (odds
ratio [OR] = 0.044, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.002-1.316],
P value < 0.05), whereas patients in the lowest
tertile (T1) of Western pattern had a higher odds for poorly controlled
asthma (OR = 2.499, 95% CI = [1.288-4.850], P
value < 0.05), compared with those in the highest tertile (T3). Conclusion: A Prudent pattern may be associated with a lower prevalence of poorly
controlled asthma, whereas a Western pattern may be associated with a higher
prevalence of poorly controlled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hamid Hassan El Bilbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Albelbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, European Gaza Hospital, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Does a carrot a day keep the allergy away? Immunol Lett 2018; 206:54-58. [PMID: 30339818 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an important micronutrient, from plants diet taken up as carotenoids, from animal food sources as retinol. Its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA) binds to nuclear hormone receptors, thereby regulating gene transcription programs in various cells. Adequate nutritional intake of vitamin A is essential for pre- and postnatal development, eyesight and reproduction, and it contributes to the maintenance and regulation of the immune system. Recent molecular studies indicate that lipocalins play an important role in the bioavailability of RA and its immune modulation against Th2 responses. There is emerging evidence that supply with vitamin A determines the susceptibility to allergic diseases: significantly reduced serum vitamin A levels are commonly observed in allergic patients compared to healthy controls. In line, findings from nutritional and clinical trials suggest that sufficient vitamin A supplementation in pregnancy prevents the development of allergic diseases in the offspring, and helps in controlling symptoms in adult asthmatics. Overall, retinoids have a key role in regulating immune homeostasis on mucosal surfaces because they are able to interfere with inflammatory signalling pathways. In this mini-review we will concentrate on the current knowledge about the influence of dietary and supplementary vitamin A on allergic diseases in humans from infancy to adulthood.
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11
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Cordova-Rivera L, Gibson PG, Gardiner PA, McDonald VM. A Systematic Review of Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Asthma Outcomes. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1968-1981.e2. [PMID: 29510231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity and high sedentary time are associated with adverse health outcomes in several diseases. However, their impact in asthma is less clear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesize the literature characterizing physical activity and sedentary time in adults with asthma, to estimate activity levels using meta-analysis, and to evaluate associations between physical activity and sedentary time and the clinical and physiological characteristics of asthma. METHODS Articles written in English and addressing the measurement of physical activity or sedentary time in adults ≥18 years old with asthma were identified using 4 electronic databases. Meta-analysis was used to estimate steps/day in applicable studies. RESULTS There were 42 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Physical activity in asthma was lower compared with controls. The pooled mean (95% confidence interval) steps/day for people with asthma was 8390 (7361, 9419). Physical activity tended to be lower in females compared with males, and in older people with asthma compared with their younger counterparts. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with better measures of lung function, disease control, health status, and health care use. Measures of sedentary time were scarce, and indicated a similar engagement in this behavior between participants with asthma and controls. High sedentary time was associated with higher health care use, and poorer lung function, asthma control, and exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS People with asthma engage in lower levels of physical activity compared with controls. Higher levels of physical activity may positively impact on asthma clinical outcomes. Sedentary time should be more widely assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cordova-Rivera
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
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12
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Guilleminault L, Williams EJ, Scott HA, Berthon BS, Jensen M, Wood LG. Diet and Asthma: Is It Time to Adapt Our Message? Nutrients 2017; 9:E1227. [PMID: 29117118 PMCID: PMC5707699 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder which is associated with airway inflammation. Environmental factors, in association with genetic susceptibility, play a critical role in asthma pathophysiology. Inhaled allergens, smoke exposure, indoor and outdoor air pollution are common triggers of asthma symptoms. Although the role of diet has clearly established mechanisms in diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, it is not commonly identified as a causal factor in asthma. However, some dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, which includes a high intake of refined grains, processed and red meats, and desserts, have pro-inflammatory effects. On the contrary, the Mediterranean diet, with high intake of fruits and vegetables has anti-inflammatory properties. The influence of food on asthma outcomes is of growing interest, but dietary habits of asthma patients are not commonly investigated in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on the impact of diet on asthma risk and asthma control. We also detail the influence of diet on obese patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guilleminault
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Evan J Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Hayley A Scott
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan Jensen
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Blázquez Abellán G, López-Torres Hidalgo JD, Rabanales Sotos J, López-Torres López J, Val Jiménez CL. [Healthy eating and self-perception of health]. Aten Primaria 2016; 48:535-542. [PMID: 26920449 PMCID: PMC6877839 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim is to determine whether there is an association between perceived health status, healthy eating and other lifestyles in people over 50 years old. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 8 Basic Health Zones from the Health Area of Albacete. PARTICIPANTS A total of 781 subjects, randomly selected by simple random sampling. MAIN MEASUREMENTS variables: self-rated quality of life (EuroQol 5D), dietary habits (questionnaire on frequency of food consumption), physical activity (IPAQ questionnaire), toxic habits, health problems (International Classification of Primary Care) and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The mean age was 61.4 years (SD: 6.6) and the proportion of women was 60.1%. On a scale of 0-100 the mean score in the perceived health status was 74.0 (SD: 15.2). This score had a weak correlation with the number of healthy eating criteria (r=0.078; P=.03). A linear trend (P=.001) was observed between exercise intensity and better self-rated health. The score was lower in smokers (70.9±15.6 vs 74.9±15.1 SD; P=.004). In the multiple regression, the number of healthy eating criteria remained an association with the score on perceived health status (P=.04), after adjusting the model for sociodemographic characteristics, number of health problems, and toxic habits. CONCLUSIONS In people over 50years of age the level of self-rated health is associated with the fulfilment of the criteria of a healthy diet, which is independent of other health habits and main sociodemographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseba Rabanales Sotos
- Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España
| | | | - Carmen Ll Val Jiménez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España
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Blonstein AC, Lv N, Camargo CA, Wilson SR, Buist AS, Rosas LG, Strub P, Ma J. Acceptability and feasibility of the 'DASH for Asthma' intervention in a randomized controlled trial pilot study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2049-59. [PMID: 26653101 PMCID: PMC10270885 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001500350x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 'DASH for Asthma' (n 90) was a 6-month randomized controlled trial that demonstrated potential benefits of a DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) behavioural intervention for improving diet quality and asthma control by comparing intervention to usual care in adults with uncontrolled asthma. The present study examined acceptability and feasibility of the intervention from the perspective of intervention participants and lifestyle coaches. DESIGN Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, the 3-month intensive stage, including three individual and eight group sessions, focused on diet modifications and behavioural self-regulation. The 3-month maintenance stage contained telephone consultations. Participants and lifestyle coaches completed surveys including 5-point Likert scales and open-ended questions. We analysed data using descriptive and inductive content analyses. SUBJECTS Forty-six intervention participants (survey response rate was 65-72 %) and two lifestyle coaches. RESULTS Participants and lifestyle coaches were highly satisfied (all mean ratings >4) with individual and group sessions. Participants identified mastery of knowledge and skills (awareness, goal setting, self-monitoring, problem solving), social learning (class members sharing experiences and ideas) and good coaching skills (reflective listening, empathy, motivational counselling) as important contributors to self-efficacy and programme satisfaction. Participants also valued personalized feedback received in individual sessions. Lifestyle coaches viewed participant engagement as a facilitator to effective sessions. Finally, participants and lifestyle coaches identified food tasting as beneficial for observational learning and facilitation of participant engagement. High class attendance and self-monitoring rate also reflected the high engagement among participants. CONCLUSIONS The DASH behavioural intervention was feasible and highly acceptable to participants with uncontrolled asthma and lifestyle coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Lv
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra R Wilson
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Sonia Buist
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peg Strub
- Department of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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15
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Good J, Jagroop D, Dogra S. Sociodemographic, health-related and lifestyle correlates of physical activity in adults with current asthma. J Asthma 2016; 54:69-76. [PMID: 27285062 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1194432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular physical activity is associated with better asthma control; however, little is known of the determinants of physical activity in a population of adults with asthma. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify important sociodemographic, health and lifestyle correlates of physical activity among adults with asthma. METHODS Data from adults with asthma aged 18-44 years (n = 2740) from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), 2011-2012 annual component were used for analysis. The main outcome was Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE). This variable was based on frequency and duration of leisure activities in the past 3 months. Self-reported sociodemographic (age, sex, total household income, highest education level, and ethnicity), health-related (body mass index (BMI), self-perceived health, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and asthma symptoms/attacks, past year) and lifestyle (type of smoker, sedentary time, fruit and vegetable consumption) variables were assessed as correlates for DEE. Data were analysed using linear regressions. RESULTS In the final model, sociodemographic correlates accounted for 4.2% of the variation in DEE. Adding health correlates increased the R2 to 12.1%. Finally, adding lifestyle correlates increased the R2 to 17.6%. CONCLUSIONS In adults with current asthma, the main correlates of physical activity are age, total household income, BMI, self-perceived health, anxiety disorder, sedentary time, and fruit and vegetable consumption. These data are important for informing education and exercise interventions for adults with asthma. Future research is needed to determine asthma-specific correlates of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Good
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - David Jagroop
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Shilpa Dogra
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , Ontario , Canada
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Ma J, Strub P, Lv N, Xiao L, Camargo CA, Buist AS, Lavori PW, Wilson SR, Nadeau KC, Rosas LG. Pilot randomised trial of a healthy eating behavioural intervention in uncontrolled asthma. Eur Respir J 2015; 47:122-32. [PMID: 26493792 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00591-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous research on the benefit of healthy eating patterns for asthma control is lacking.We randomised 90 adults with objectively confirmed uncontrolled asthma and a low-quality diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores <6 out of 9) to a 6-month DASH behavioural intervention (n=46) or usual-care control (n=44). Intention-to-treat analyses used repeated-measures mixed models.Participants were middle-aged, 67% female and multiethnic. Compared with controls, intervention participants improved on DASH scores (mean change (95% CI) 0.6 (0, 1.1) versus -0.3 (-0.8, 0.2); difference 0.8 (0.2, 1.5)) and the primary outcome, Asthma Control Questionnaire scores (-0.2 (-0.5, 0) versus 0 (-0.3, 0.3); difference -0.2 (-0.5, 0.1)) at 6 months. The mean group differences in changes in Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire overall and subdomain scores consistently favoured the intervention over the control group: overall 0.4 (95% CI 0, 0.8), symptoms 0.5 (0, 0.9), environment 0.4 (-0.1, 1.0), emotions 0.4 (-0.2, 0.9) and activities 0.3 (0, 0.7). These differences were modest, but potentially clinical significant.The DASH behavioural intervention improved diet quality with promising clinical benefits for better asthma control and functional status among adults with uncontrolled asthma. A full-scale efficacy trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA Dept of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Dept of Health Policy and Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peg Strub
- Dept of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nan Lv
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Sonia Buist
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Philip W Lavori
- Dept of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sandra R Wilson
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA Dept of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Dept of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA Dept of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Iikura M, Hojo M, Koketsu R, Watanabe S, Sato A, Chino H, Ro S, Masaki H, Hirashima J, Ishii S, Naka G, Takasaki J, Izumi S, Kobayashi N, Yamaguchi S, Nakae S, Sugiyama H. The importance of bacterial and viral infections associated with adult asthma exacerbations in clinical practice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123584. [PMID: 25901797 PMCID: PMC4406689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infection is one of the risk factors for asthma exacerbation. However, which pathogens are related to asthma exacerbation in adults remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The relation between various infections and adult asthma exacerbations was investigated in clinical practice. METHODS The study subjects included 50 adult inpatients due to asthma exacerbations and 20 stable outpatients for comparison. The pathogens from a nasopharyngeal swab were measured by multiplex PCR analysis. RESULTS Asthma exacerbations occurred after a common cold in 48 inpatients. The numbers of patients with viral, bacterial, or both infections were 16, 9, and 9, respectively. The dominant viruses were rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and metapneumovirus. The major bacteria were S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Compared to pathogen-free patients, the patients with pathogens were older and non-atopic and had later onset of disease, lower FeNO levels, lower IgE titers, and a higher incidence of comorbid sinusitis, COPD, or pneumonia. Compared to stable outpatients, asthma exacerbation inpatients had a higher incidence of smoking and comorbid sinusitis, COPD, or pneumonia. Viruses were detected in 50% of stable outpatients, but a higher incidence of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and metapneumovirus infections was observed in asthma exacerbation inpatients. H. influenzae was observed in stable asthmatic patients. Other bacteria, especially S. pneumoniae, were important in asthma exacerbation inpatients. CONCLUSION Viral or bacterial infections were observed in 70% of inpatients with an asthma exacerbation in clinical practice. Infection with S. pneumoniae was related to adult asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Iikura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hojo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikiya Koketsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Chino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoki Ro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Masaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Hirashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Naka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Takasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinyu Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Lv N, Xiao L, Ma J. Dietary pattern and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Asthma Allergy 2014; 7:105-21. [PMID: 25143747 PMCID: PMC4137988 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s49960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature on the relationship between diet and asthma has largely focused on individual nutrients, with conflicting results. People consume a combination of foods from various groups that form a dietary pattern. Studying the role of dietary patterns in asthma is an emerging area of research. The purpose of this study was to systematically review dietary patterns and asthma outcomes in adults and children, to review maternal diet and child asthma, and to conduct a meta-analysis on the association between asthma prevalence and dietary patterns in adults. Methods We searched Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge up to January 2014. Two researchers independently reviewed studies meeting the inclusion criteria using the American Dietetic Association quality criteria. A linear mixed model was used to derive the pooled effect size (95% confidence interval) for each of three dietary pattern categories (healthy, unhealthy, and neutral). Results Thirty-one studies were identified (16 cross-sectional, one case-control, 13 cohort, and one randomized controlled trial), including 12 in adults, 13 in children, five in pregnant woman–child pairs, and one in both children and pregnant woman–child pairs. Six of the 12 adult studies reported significant associations between dietary patterns and asthma outcomes (eg, ever asthma and forced expiratory volume in one second). Seven of ten studies examining the Mediterranean diet showed protective effects on child asthma and/or wheeze. Four of the six studies in mother-child pairs showed that maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy were not associated with child asthma or wheeze. The meta-analysis including six adult studies, the primary outcome of which was the prevalence of current or ever asthma, showed no association with healthy, unhealthy, or neutral dietary patterns. Conclusion The evidence suggests no association of dietary patterns with asthma prevalence in adults or of maternal diet with child asthma or wheeze. The Mediterranean diet in children may prevent asthma or wheeze, but randomized controlled trials are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lv
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Stanford, CA, USA ; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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