1
|
Vemana HP, Dukhande VV. The effect of hormones insulin and glucagon on ubiquitin modifications elucidated by proteomics in liver cells. Life Sci 2023; 329:121935. [PMID: 37442415 PMCID: PMC10528490 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin action is intertwined with changing levels of glucose and counter-regulatory hormone glucagon. While insulin lowers blood sugar level, glucagon raises it by promoting the breakdown of the stored glycogen in liver and releases glucose into the bloodstream. The hormones insulin and glucagon are key in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistance is a primary predisposing factor for diabetes. Phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules is altered in the insulin-resistant state. However, ubiquitin (Ub) modifications in insulin-resistant state are relatively understudied. To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we performed a proteomics study on hepatoma cells to study the regulation of ubiquitination by insulin and glucagon. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed western blotting, immunoprecipitations, and affinity pull down using tandem Ub binding entities (TUBE) reagents on hepatoma cells treated with insulin or glucagon. Next, we performed MS/MS analysis on Ub-linkage specific affinity pull down samples. Gene ontology analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed using DAVID GO and STRING db, respectively. KEY FINDINGS The ubiquitination pattern of total Ub, K48-linked Ub, and K63-linked Ub was altered with the treatment of hormones insulin and glucagon. Ubiquitination in immunoprecipitated samples showed enrichment with total Ub and K48-linked Ub but not with K63-linked Ub. Ubiquitination by treatment with hormones mainly enriched key signaling pathways MAPK, Akt, oxidative stress etc. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified key altered proteins and signal transduction pathways which aids in understanding the mechanisms of hormonal action on ubiquitination and identify new therapeutic targets for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Priya Vemana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vikas V Dukhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ganekal P, Vastrad B, Kavatagimath S, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Data Analysis for Identification of Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Subjects with Diabetes and Obesity. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020309. [PMID: 36837510 PMCID: PMC9967176 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A subject with diabetes and obesity is a class of the metabolic disorder. The current investigation aimed to elucidate the potential biomarker and prognostic targets in subjects with diabetes and obesity. Materials and Methods: The next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of GSE132831 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was conducted with ToppGene. The protein-protein interactions network, module analysis, target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network were constructed and analyzed. Furthermore, hub genes were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A total of 872 DEGs, including 439 up-regulated genes and 433 down-regulated genes were observed. Results: Second, functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the axon guidance, neutrophil degranulation, plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization and cell activation. The top ten hub genes (MYH9, FLNA, DCTN1, CLTC, ERBB2, TCF4, VIM, LRRK2, IFI16 and CAV1) could be utilized as potential diagnostic indicators for subjects with diabetes and obesity. The hub genes were validated in subjects with diabetes and obesity. Conclusion: This investigation found effective and reliable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis, suggesting new and key therapeutic targets for subjects with diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ganekal
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga 577501, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9480073398
| | - Shivakumar Kotrashetti
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Discovery and evaluation of novel benzazepinone derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors with potent activity. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:897-909. [PMID: 33906369 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a key enzyme of glycogen catabolism, so it is significant to discover a new GP inhibitor. A series of benzazepinone derivatives were discovered as GP inhibitors with potent activity. Among these derivatives, compound 5d showed significant potential against rabbit muscle GPa (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.05 μM) and cellular efficacy. The in vivo study revealed that 5d significantly inhibited increases in fasting blood glucose level in two kinds of hyperglycemic mice models. The possible binding mode of compound 5d was explored based on molecular docking simulations. These results indicated that derivatives with benzazepinone were potential chemical entities against hyperglycemia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sipos Á, Szennyes E, Hajnal NÉ, Kun S, Szabó KE, Uray K, Somsák L, Docsa T, Bokor É. Dual-Target Compounds against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Proof of Concept for Sodium Dependent Glucose Transporter (SGLT) and Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040364. [PMID: 33920838 PMCID: PMC8071193 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A current trend in the quest for new therapies for complex, multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), is to find dual or even multi-target inhibitors. In DM, the sodium dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys and the glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the liver are validated targets. Several (β-D-glucopyranosylaryl)methyl (het)arene type compounds, called gliflozins, are marketed drugs that target SGLT2. For GP, low nanomolar glucose analogue inhibitors exist. The purpose of this study was to identify dual acting compounds which inhibit both SGLTs and GP. To this end, we have extended the structure-activity relationships of SGLT2 and GP inhibitors to scarcely known (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene type compounds and studied several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitors against SGLT. New compounds, such as 5-arylmethyl-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, 5-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 4-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidines and 4(5)-benzyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)imidazole were prepared by adapting our previous synthetic methods. None of the studied compounds exhibited cytotoxicity and all of them were assayed for their SGLT1 and 2 inhibitory potentials in a SGLT-overexpressing TSA201 cell system. GP inhibition was also determined by known methods. Several newly synthesized (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene derivatives had low micromolar SGLT2 inhibitory activity; however, none of these compounds inhibited GP. On the other hand, several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitor compounds with low micromolar efficacy against SGLT2 were identified. The best dual inhibitor, 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole, had a Ki of 31 nM for GP and IC50 of 3.5 μM for SGLT2. This first example of an SGLT-GP dual inhibitor can prospectively be developed into even more efficient dual-target compounds with potential applications in future antidiabetic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Nikolett Éva Hajnal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katalin E. Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nagy L, Béke F, Juhász L, Kovács T, Juhász-Tóth É, Docsa T, Tóth A, Gergely P, Somsák L, Bai P. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, 2,3-bis[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamido] butanedioic acid (BF142), improves baseline insulin secretion of MIN6 insulinoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236081. [PMID: 32960890 PMCID: PMC7508380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic diseases, is characterized by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion of β cells. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the key enzyme in glycogen breakdown, and contributes to hepatic glucose production during fasting or during insulin resistance. Pharmacological GP inhibitors are potential glucose lowering agents, which may be used in T2DM therapy. A natural product isolated from the cultured broth of the fungal strain No. 138354, called 2,3-bis(4-hydroxycinnamoyloxy)glutaric acid (FR258900), was discovered a decade ago. In vivo studies showed that FR258900 significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. We previously showed that GP inhibitors can potently enhance the function of β cells. The purpose of this study was to assess whether an analogue of FR258900 can influence β cell function. BF142 (Meso-Dimethyl 2,3-bis[(E)-3-(4-acetoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamido]butanedioate) treatment activated the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion pathway, as indicated by enhanced glycolysis, increased mitochondrial oxidation, significantly increased ATP production, and elevated calcium influx in MIN6 cells. Furthermore, BF142 induced mTORC1-specific phosphorylation of S6K, increased levels of PDX1 and insulin protein, and increased insulin secretion. Our data suggest that BF142 can influence β cell function and can support the insulin producing ability of β cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Béke
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Juhász
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Juhász-Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goyard D, Kónya B, Czifrák K, Larini P, Demontrond F, Leroy J, Balzarin S, Tournier M, Tousch D, Petit P, Duret C, Maurel P, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L, Praly JP, Azay-Milhau J, Vidal S. Glucose-based spiro-oxathiazoles as in vivo anti-hyperglycemic agents through glycogen phosphorylase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:931-940. [PMID: 31922157 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors targeting the catalytic site of the enzyme is a promising strategy for a better control of hyperglycaemia in the context of type 2 diabetes. Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-heterocycles have been demonstrated as potent GP inhibitors, and more specifically spiro-oxathiazoles. A new synthetic route has now been elaborated through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an aryl nitrile oxide to a glucono-thionolactone affording in one step the spiro-oxathiazole moiety. The thionolactone was obtained from the thermal rearrangement of a thiosulfinate precursor according to Fairbanks' protocols, although with a revisited outcome and also rationalised with DFT calculations. The 2-naphthyl substituted glucose-based spiro-oxathiazole 5h, identified as one of the most potent GP inhibitors (Ki = 160 nM against RMGPb) could be produced on the gram-scale from this strategy. Further evaluation in vitro using rat and human hepatocytes demonstrated that compound 5h is a anti-hyperglycaemic drug candidates performing slightly better than DAB used as a positive control. Investigation in Zucker fa/fa rat model in acute and subchronic assays further confirmed the potency of compound 5h since it lowered blood glucose levels by ∼36% at 30 mg kg-1 and ∼43% at 60 mg kg-1. The present study is one of the few in vivo investigations for glucose-based GP inhibitors and provides data in animal models for such drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Bálint Kónya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Czifrák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Paolo Larini
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Fanny Demontrond
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jérémy Leroy
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Balzarin
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Tournier
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Tousch
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Petit
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Duret
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France and Montpellier University, UMR-1040, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Maurel
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France and Montpellier University, UMR-1040, Montpellier, France
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 7, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 7, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jean-Pierre Praly
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jacqueline Azay-Milhau
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu X, Huang W, Quan M, Chen Y, Tu J, Zhou J, Xin HB, Qian Y. Inhibition of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase ameliorates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via Akt-HIF-1α activation. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:458-465. [PMID: 31905009 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-type glycogen phosphorylase (pygb) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in glycogenolysis that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we investigated the role of pygb in high-glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanisms, by using the specific pygb inhibitors or pygb siRNA. Our results show that inhibition of pygb significantly attenuates cell apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by HG in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of pygb improved glucose metabolism in cardiacmyocytes, as evidenced by increased glycogen content, glucose consumption, and glucose transport. Mechanistically, pygb inhibition activates the Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway and suppresses the activation of NF-κB in H9c2 cells exposed to HG. Additionally, pygb inhibition promotes the expression and the translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) after HG stimulation. However, the changes in glucose metabolism and HIF-1α activation mediated by pygb inhibition are significantly reversed in the presence of the Akt inhibitor MK2206. In conclusion, this study found that inhibition of pygb prevents HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activation of Akt-HIF-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Weilu Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Minxue Quan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Yongqi Chen
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Tu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Jialu Zhou
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Yisong Qian
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.,The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kyriakis E, Karra AG, Papaioannou O, Solovou T, Skamnaki VT, Liggri PGV, Zographos SE, Szennyes E, Bokor É, Kun S, Psarra AMG, Somsák L, Leonidas DD. The architecture of hydrogen and sulfur σ-hole interactions explain differences in the inhibitory potency of C-β-d-glucopyranosyl thiazoles, imidazoles and an N-β-d glucopyranosyl tetrazole for human liver glycogen phosphorylase and offer new insights to structure-based design. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115196. [PMID: 31767404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
C-Glucopyranosyl imidazoles, thiazoles, and an N-glucopyranosyl tetrazole were assessed in vitro and ex vivo for their inhibitory efficiency against isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP; a validated pharmacological target for the development of anti-hyperglycaemic agents). Imidazoles proved to be more potent inhibitors than the corresponding thiazoles or the tetrazole. The most potent derivative has a 2-naphthyl substituent, a Ki value of 3.2 µM for hepatic glycogen phosphorylase, displaying also 60% inhibition of GP activity in HepG2 cells, compared to control vehicle treated cells, at 100 μM. X-Ray crystallography studies of the protein - inhibitor complexes revealed the importance of the architecture of inhibitor associated hydrogen bonds or sulfur σ-hole bond interactions to Asn284 OD1, offering new insights to structure-based design efforts. Moreover, while the 2-glucopyranosyl-tetrazole seems to bind differently from the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole compound, the two inhibitors are equipotent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aikaterini G Karra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Olga Papaioannou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora Solovou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barr D, Szennyes E, Bokor É, Al-Oanzi ZH, Moffatt C, Kun S, Docsa T, Sipos Á, Davies MP, Mathomes RT, Snape TJ, Agius L, Somsák L, Hayes JM. Identification of C-β-d-Glucopyranosyl Azole-Type Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase That Reduce Glycogenolysis in Hepatocytes: In Silico Design, Synthesis, in Vitro Kinetics, and ex Vivo Studies. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1460-1470. [PMID: 31243960 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several C-β-d-glucopyranosyl azoles have recently been uncovered as among the most potent glycogen phosphorylase (GP) catalytic site inhibitors discovered to date. Toward further exploring their translational potential, ex vivo experiments have been performed for their effectiveness in reduction of glycogenolysis in hepatocytes. New compounds for these experiments were predicted in silico where, for the first time, effective ranking of GP catalytic site inhibitor potencies using the molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) method has been demonstrated. For a congeneric training set of 27 ligands, excellent statistics in terms of Pearson (RP) and Spearman (RS) correlations (both 0.98), predictive index (PI = 0.99), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC = 0.99) for predicted versus experimental binding affinities were obtained, with ligand tautomeric/ionization states additionally considered using density functional theory (DFT). Seven 2-aryl-4(5)-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-imidazoles and 2-aryl-4-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-thiazoles were subsequently synthesized, and kinetics experiments against rabbit muscle GPb revealed new potent inhibitors with best Ki values in the low micromolar range (5c = 1.97 μM; 13b = 4.58 μM). Ten C-β-d-glucopyranosyl azoles were then tested ex vivo in mouse primary hepatocytes. Four of these (5a-c and 9d) demonstrated significant reduction of glucagon stimulated glycogenolysis (IC50 = 30-60 μM). Structural and predicted physicochemical properties associated with their effectiveness were analyzed with permeability related parameters identified as crucial factors. The most effective ligand series 5 contained an imidazole ring, and the calculated pKa (Epik: 6.2; Jaguar 5.5) for protonated imidazole suggests that cellular permeation through the neutral state is favored, while within the cell, there is predicted more favorable binding to GP in the protonated form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barr
- School of Physical Sciences & Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ziad H. Al-Oanzi
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Moffatt
- Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Matthew P. Davies
- School of Physical Sciences & Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel T. Mathomes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Snape
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Loranne Agius
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Joseph M. Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Szabó KE, Kyriakis E, Psarra AMG, Karra AG, Sipos Á, Docsa T, Stravodimos GA, Katsidou E, Skamnaki VT, Liggri PGV, Zographos SE, Mándi A, Király SB, Kurtán T, Leonidas DD, Somsák L. Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-imidazolinones, a New Ring System: Synthesis and Evaluation as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors by Enzyme Kinetics and X-ray Crystallography. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6116-6136. [PMID: 31251604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epimeric series of aryl-substituted glucopyranosylidene-spiro-imidazolinones, an unprecedented new ring system, were synthesized from the corresponding Schiff bases of O-perbenzoylated (gluculopyranosylamine)onamides by intramolecular ring closure of the aldimine moieties with the carboxamide group elicited by N-bromosuccinimide in pyridine. Test compounds were obtained by Zemplén O-debenzoylation. Stereochemistry and ring tautomers of the new compounds were investigated by NMR, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-electronic circular dichroism, and DFT-NMR methods. Kinetic studies with rabbit muscle and human liver glycogen phosphorylases showed that the (R)-imidazolinones were 14-216 times more potent than the (S) epimers. The 2-naphthyl-substituted (R)-imidazolinone was the best inhibitor of the human enzyme (Ki 1.7 μM) and also acted on HepG2 cells (IC50 177 μM). X-ray crystallography revealed that only the (R) epimers bound in the crystal. Their inhibitory efficacy is based on the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the carbonyl oxygen and the NH of the imidazolinone ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Aikaterini G Karra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - George A Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Elisabeth Katsidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece.,Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Sándor Balázs Király
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa , Greece
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kun S, Kánya N, Galó N, Páhi A, Mándi A, Kurtán T, Makleit P, Veres S, Sipos Á, Docsa T, Somsák L. Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-benzo[ b][1,4]oxazinones and -benzo[ b][1,4]thiazinones: Synthesis and Investigation of Their Effects on Glycogen Phosphorylase and Plant Growth Inhibition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6884-6891. [PMID: 31135156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-benzo[ b][1,4]oxazinones were obtained via the corresponding 2-nitrophenyl glycosides obtained by two methods: (a) AgOTf-promoted glycosylation of 2-nitrophenol derivatives by O-perbenzoylated methyl (α-d-gluculopyranosyl bromide)heptonate or (b) Mitsunobu-type reactions of O-perbenzoylated methyl (α-d-gluculopyranose)heptonate with bulky 2-nitrophenols in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and PPh3. Catalytic hydrogenation (H2-Pd/C) or partial reduction (e.g., H2-Pd/C, pyridine) of the 2-nitro groups led to spiro-benzo[ b][1,4]oxazinones and spiro-benzo[ b][1,4]-4-hydroxyoxazinones by spontaneous ring closure of the intermediate 2-aminophenyl or 2-hydroxylamino glycosides, respectively. The analogous 2-aminophenyl thioglycosides, prepared by reactions of O-perbenzoylated methyl (α-d-gluculopyranosyl bromide)heptonate with 2-aminothiophenols, were cyclized in m-xylene at reflux temperature to the corresponding spiro-benzo[ b][1,4]thiazinones. O-Debenzoylation was effected by Zemplén transesterification in both series. Spiro-configurations were determined by NMR and electronic circular dichroism time-dependent density functional theory (ECD-TDDFT) methods. Inhibition assays with rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b showed (1' R)-spiro{1',5'-anhydro-d-glucitol-1',2-benzo[ b][1,4]oxazin-3(4 H)-one} and (1' R)-spiro{1',5'-anhydro-d-glucitol-1',2-benzo[ b][1,4]thiazin-3(4 H)-one} to be the most efficient inhibitors (27 and 28% inhibition at 625 μM, respectively). Plant growth tests with white mustard and garden cress indicated no effect except for (1' R)-4-hydroxyspiro{1',5'-anhydro-d-glucitol-1',2-benzo[ b][1,4]oxazin-3(4 H)-one} with the latter plant to show modest inhibition of germination (95% relative to control).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , POB 400 , H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Nándor Kánya
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , POB 400 , H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Norbert Galó
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , POB 400 , H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - András Páhi
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , POB 400 , H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , POB 400 , H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , POB 400 , H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Péter Makleit
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology , University of Debrecen , Böszörményi út 138 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veres
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology , University of Debrecen , Böszörményi út 138 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Debrecen , POB 400 , H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Abstract
Glycomimetics are compounds that resemble carbohydrate molecules in their chemical structure and/or biological effect. A large variety of compounds can be designed and synthesized to get glycomimetics, however, C-glycosyl derivatives represent one of the most frequently studied subgroup. In the present survey syntheses of a range of five- and six membered C-glycopyranosyl heterocycles, anhydro-aldimine type compounds, exo-glycals, C-glycosyl styrenes, carbon-sulfur bonded oligosaccharide mimics are described. Some of the C-glycopyranosyl azoles, namely 1,2,4-triazoles and imidazoles belong to the most efficient glucose analog inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase known to date. Biological studies revealed the therapeutical potential of such inhibitors. Other synthetic derivatives offer versatile possibilities to get further glycomimetics.
Collapse
|
13
|
Probing the β-pocket of the active site of human liver glycogen phosphorylase with 3-(C-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-(4-substituted-phenyl)-1, 2, 4-triazole inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:485-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Synthesis of New C- and N-β-d-Glucopyranosyl Derivatives of Imidazole, 1,2,3-Triazole and Tetrazole, and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030666. [PMID: 29543771 PMCID: PMC6017874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to broaden the structure-activity relationships of C- and N-β-d-glucopyranosyl azole type inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase. 1-Aryl-4-β-d-gluco-pyranosyl-1,2,3-triazoles were prepared by copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions between O-perbenzylated or O-peracetylated β-d-glucopyranosyl ethynes and aryl azides. 1-β-d-Gluco-pyranosyl-4-phenyl imidazole was obtained in a glycosylation of 4(5)-phenylimidazole with O-peracetylated α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide. C-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-N-substituted-tetrazoles were synthesized by alkylation/arylation of O-perbenzoylated 5-β-d-glucopyranosyl-tetrazole or from a 2,6-anhydroheptose tosylhydrazone and arenediazonium salts. 5-Substituted tetrazoles were glycosylated by O-peracetylated α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide to give N-β-d-glucopyranosyl-C-substituted-tetrazoles. Standard deprotections gave test compounds which were assayed against rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. Most of the compounds proved inactive, the best inhibitor was 2-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5-phenyltetrazole (IC50 600 μM). These studies extended the structure-activity relationships of β-d-glucopyranosyl azole type inhibitors and revealed the extreme sensitivity of such type of inhibitors towards the structure of the azole moiety.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ailanen L, Bezborodkina NN, Virtanen L, Ruohonen ST, Malova AV, Okovityi SV, Chistyakova EY, Savontaus E. Metformin normalizes the structural changes in glycogen preceding prediabetes in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018. [PMID: 29541475 PMCID: PMC5842371 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis are known therapeutic targets of metformin, but the role of hepatic glycogen in the pathogenesis of diabetes is less clear. Mouse model of neuropeptide Y (NPY) overexpression in noradrenergic neurons (OE-NPYDβH) with a phenotype of late onset obesity, hepatosteatosis, and prediabetes was used to study early changes in glycogen structure and metabolism preceding prediabetes. Furthermore, the effect of the anti-hyperglycemic agent, metformin (300 mg/kg/day/4 weeks in drinking water), was assessed on changes in glycogen metabolism, body weight, fat mass, and glucose tolerance. Glycogen structure was characterized by cytofluorometric analysis in isolated hepatocytes and mRNA expression of key enzymes by qPCR. OE-NPYDβH mice displayed decreased labile glycogen fraction relative to stabile fraction (the intermediate form of glycogen) suggesting enhanced glycogen cycling. This was supported by decreased filling of glucose residues in the 10th outer tier of the glycogen molecule, which suggests accelerated glycogen phosphorylation. Metformin reduced fat mass gain in both genotypes, but glucose tolerance was improved mostly in wild-type mice. However, metformin inhibited glycogen accumulation and normalized the ratio between glycogen structures in OE-NPYDβH mice indicating decreased glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, the presence of glucose residues in the 11th tier together with decreased glycogen phosphorylase expression suggested inhibition of glycogen degradation. In conclusion, structural changes in glycogen of OE-NPYDβH mice point to increased glycogen metabolism, which may predispose them to prediabetes. Metformin treatment normalizes these changes and suppresses both glycogen synthesis and phosphorylation, which may contribute to its preventive effect on the onset of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Ailanen
- Institute of Biomedicine Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modelling University of Turku Turku Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Program University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Natalia N Bezborodkina
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Laura Virtanen
- Institute of Biomedicine Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modelling University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Institute of Biomedicine Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modelling University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Anastasia V Malova
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey V Okovityi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Elizaveta Y Chistyakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Institute of Biomedicine Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modelling University of Turku Turku Finland.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A multidisciplinary study of 3-(β- d -glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: Computation, synthesis, crystallography and kinetics reveal new potent inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:266-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
17
|
Perry RJ, Peng L, Cline GW, Wang Y, Rabin-Court A, Song JD, Zhang D, Zhang XM, Nozaki Y, Dufour S, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Mechanisms by which a Very-Low-Calorie Diet Reverses Hyperglycemia in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2018; 27:210-217.e3. [PMID: 29129786 PMCID: PMC5762419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction rapidly reverses type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the mechanism(s) of this reversal are poorly understood. Here we show that 3 days of a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD, one-quarter their typical intake) lowered plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in a rat model of T2D without altering body weight. The lower plasma glucose was associated with a 30% reduction in hepatic glucose production resulting from suppression of both gluconeogenesis from pyruvate carboxylase (VPC), explained by a reduction in hepatic acetyl-CoA content, and net hepatic glycogenolysis. In addition, VLCD resulted in reductions in hepatic triglyceride and diacylglycerol content and PKCɛ translocation, associated with improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. Taken together, these data show that there are pleotropic mechanisms by which VLCD reverses hyperglycemia in a rat model of T2D, including reduced DAG-PKCɛ-induced hepatic insulin resistance, reduced hepatic glycogenolysis, and reduced hepatic acetyl-CoA content, PC flux, and gluconeogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yongliang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Aviva Rabin-Court
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joongyu D Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuichi Nozaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)10 is a PARP family member that performs mono-ADP-ribosylation of target proteins. Recent studies have linked PARP10 to metabolic processes and metabolic regulators that prompted us to assess whether PARP10 influences mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The depletion of PARP10 by specific shRNAs increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity in cellular models of breast, cervical, colorectal and exocrine pancreas cancer. Upon silencing of PARP10, mitochondrial superoxide production decreased in line with increased expression of antioxidant genes pointing out lower oxidative stress upon PARP10 silencing. Improved mitochondrial oxidative capacity coincided with increased AMPK activation. The silencing of PARP10 in MCF7 and CaCo2 cells decreased the proliferation rate that correlated with increased expression of anti-Warburg enzymes (Foxo1, PGC-1α, IDH2 and fumarase). By analyzing an online database we showed that lower PARP10 expression increases survival in gastric cancer. Furthermore, PARP10 expression decreased upon fasting, a condition that is characterized by increases in mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, lower PARP10 expression is associated with increased fatty acid oxidation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bokor É, Kyriakis E, Solovou TGA, Koppány C, Kantsadi AL, Szabó KE, Szakács A, Stravodimos GA, Docsa T, Skamnaki VT, Zographos SE, Gergely P, Leonidas DD, Somsák L. Nanomolar Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase Based on β-d-Glucosaminyl Heterocycles: A Combined Synthetic, Enzyme Kinetic, and Protein Crystallography Study. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9251-9262. [PMID: 28925695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aryl substituted 1-(β-d-glucosaminyl)-1,2,3-triazoles as well as C-β-d-glucosaminyl 1,2,4-triazoles and imidazoles were synthesized and tested as inhibitors against muscle and liver isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP). While the N-β-d-glucosaminyl 1,2,3-triazoles showed weak or no inhibition, the C-β-d-glucosaminyl derivatives had potent activity, and the best inhibitor was the 2-(β-d-glucosaminyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole with a Ki value of 143 nM against human liver GPa. An X-ray crystallography study of the rabbit muscle GPb inhibitor complexes revealed structural features of the strong binding and offered an explanation for the differences in inhibitory potency between glucosyl and glucosaminyl derivatives and also for the differences between imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora G A Solovou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Csenge Koppány
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anastassia L Kantsadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Katalin E Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szakács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - George A Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis , 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
van der Waals interactions govern C -β- d -glucopyranosyl triazoles’ nM inhibitory potency in human liver glycogen phosphorylase. J Struct Biol 2017; 199:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
21
|
Nagy L, Márton J, Vida A, Kis G, Bokor É, Kun S, Gönczi M, Docsa T, Tóth A, Antal M, Gergely P, Csóka B, Pacher P, Somsák L, Bai P. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibition improves beta cell function. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:301-319. [PMID: 28409826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the key enzyme for glycogen degradation. GP inhibitors (GPi-s) are glucose lowering agents that cause the accumulation of glucose in the liver as glycogen. Glycogen metabolism has implications in beta cell function. Glycogen degradation can maintain cellular glucose levels, which feeds into catabolism to maintain insulin secretion, and elevated glycogen degradation levels contribute to glucotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to assess whether influencing glycogen metabolism in beta cells by GPi-s affects the function of these cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of structurally different GPi-s were investigated on MIN6 insulinoma cells and in a mouse model of diabetes. KEY RESULTS GPi treatment increased glycogen content and, consequently, the surface area of glycogen in MIN6 cells. Furthermore, GPi treatment induced insulin receptor β (InsRβ), Akt and p70S6K phosphorylation, as well as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1(PDX1) and insulin expression. In line with these findings, GPi-s enhanced non-stimulated and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. The InsRβ was shown to co-localize with glycogen particles as confirmed by in silico screening, where components of InsR signalling were identified as glycogen-bound proteins. GPi-s also activated the pathway of insulin secretion, indicated by enhanced glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidation and calcium signalling. Finally, GPi-s increased the size of islets of Langerhans and improved glucose-induced insulin release in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that GPi-s also target beta cells and can be repurposed as agents to preserve beta cell function or even ameliorate beta cell dysfunction in different forms of diabetes. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Márton
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moore MC, Smith MS, Farmer B, Kraft G, Shiota M, Williams PE, Cherrington AD. Priming Effect of a Morning Meal on Hepatic Glucose Disposition Later in the Day. Diabetes 2017; 66:1136-1145. [PMID: 28174290 PMCID: PMC5399607 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We used hepatic balance and tracer ([3H]glucose) techniques to examine the impact of "breakfast" on hepatic glucose metabolism later in the same day. From 0-240 min, 2 groups of conscious dogs (n = 9 dogs/group) received a duodenal infusion of glucose (GLC) or saline (SAL), then were fasted from 240-360 min. Three dogs from each group were euthanized and tissue collected at 360 min. From 360-600 min, the remaining dogs underwent a hyperinsulinemic (4× basal) hyperglycemic clamp (arterial blood glucose 146 ± 2 mg/dL) with portal GLC infusion. The total GLC infusion rate was 14% greater in dogs infused with GLC than in those receiving SAL (AUC360-600min 2,979 ± 296 vs. 2,597 ± 277 mg/kg, respectively). The rates of hepatic glucose uptake (5.8 ± 0.8 vs. 3.2 ± 0.3 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) and glycogen storage (4.7 ± 0.6 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) during the clamp were markedly greater in dogs receiving GLC compared with those receiving SAL. Hepatic glycogen content was ∼50% greater, glycogen synthase activity was ∼50% greater, glycogen phosphorylase activity was ∼50% lower, and the amount of phosphorylated glycogen synthase was 34% lower, indicating activation of the enzyme, in dogs receiving GLC compared with those receiving SAL. Thus, morning GLC primed the liver to extract and store more glucose in the presence of hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia later in the same day, indicating that breakfast enhances the liver's role in glucose disposal in subsequent same-day meals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Courtney Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Marta S Smith
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ben Farmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Guillaume Kraft
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Phillip E Williams
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Galal SA, Khattab M, Andreadaki F, Chrysina ED, Praly JP, Ragab FA, El Diwani HI. Synthesis of (benzimidazol-2-yl)aniline derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5423-5430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
AMP-Activated Kinase (AMPK) Activation by AICAR in Human White Adipocytes Derived from Pericardial White Adipose Tissue Stem Cells Induces a Partial Beige-Like Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157644. [PMID: 27322180 PMCID: PMC4913939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are special cells situated in the white adipose tissue. Beige adipocytes, lacking thermogenic cues, morphologically look quite similar to regular white adipocytes, but with a markedly different response to adrenalin. White adipocytes respond to adrenergic stimuli by enhancing lipolysis, while in beige adipocytes adrenalin induces mitochondrial biogenesis too. A key step in the differentiation and function of beige adipocytes is the deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) by SIRT1 and the consequent mitochondrial biogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an upstream activator of SIRT1, therefore we set out to investigate the role of AMPK in beige adipocyte differentiation using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) from pericardial adipose tissue. hADMSCs were differentiated to white and beige adipocytes and the differentiation medium of the white adipocytes was supplemented with 100 μM [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-Carbamoyl-5-aminoimidazol-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate (AICAR), a known activator of AMPK. The activation of AMPK with AICAR led to the appearance of beige-like morphological properties in differentiated white adipocytes. Namely, smaller lipid droplets appeared in AICAR-treated white adipocytes in a similar fashion as in beige cells. Moreover, in AICAR-treated white adipocytes the mitochondrial network was more fused than in white adipocytes; a fused mitochondrial system was characteristic to beige adipocytes. Despite the morphological similarities between AICAR-treated white adipocytes and beige cells, functionally AICAR-treated white adipocytes were similar to white adipocytes. We were unable to detect increases in basal or cAMP-induced oxygen consumption rate (a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) when comparing control and AICAR-treated white adipocytes. Similarly, markers of beige adipocytes such as TBX1, UCP1, CIDEA, PRDM16 and TMEM26 remained the same when comparing control and AICAR-treated white adipocytes. Our data point out that in human pericardial hADMSCs the role of AMPK activation in controlling beige differentiation is restricted to morphological features, but not to actual metabolic changes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Spasov AA, Chepljaeva NI, Vorob’ev ES. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
26
|
Fodor T, Szántó M, Abdul-Rahman O, Nagy L, Dér Á, Kiss B, Bai P. Combined Treatment of MCF-7 Cells with AICAR and Methotrexate, Arrests Cell Cycle and Reverses Warburg Metabolism through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and FOXO1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150232. [PMID: 26919657 PMCID: PMC4769015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by metabolic alterations, namely, depressed mitochondrial oxidation, enhanced glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt flux to support rapid cell growth, which is called the Warburg effect. In our study we assessed the metabolic consequences of a joint treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with AICAR, an inducer of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) jointly with methotrexate (MTX), a folate-analog antimetabolite that blunts de novo nucleotide synthesis. MCF7 cells, a model of breast cancer cells, were resistant to the individual application of AICAR or MTX, however combined treatment of AICAR and MTX reduced cell proliferation. Prolonged joint application of AICAR and MTX induced AMPK and consequently enhanced mitochondrial oxidation and reduced the rate of glycolysis. These metabolic changes suggest an anti-Warburg rearrangement of metabolism that led to the block of the G1/S and the G2/M transition slowing down cell cycle. The slowdown of cell proliferation was abolished when mitotropic transcription factors, PGC-1α, PGC-1β or FOXO1 were silenced. In human breast cancers higher expression of AMPKα and FOXO1 extended survival. AICAR and MTX exerts similar additive antiproliferative effect on other breast cancer cell lines, such as SKBR and 4T1 cells, too. Our data not only underline the importance of Warburg metabolism in breast cancer cells but nominate the AICAR+MTX combination as a potential cytostatic regime blunting Warburg metabolism. Furthermore, we suggest the targeting of AMPK and FOXO1 to combat breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Fodor
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Lilla Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dér
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Borbála Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Donnier-Maréchal M, Vidal S. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: a patent review (2013 - 2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:199-212. [PMID: 26666989 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1131268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Control of glycemia is crucial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes complications. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) releases glucose from the liver into the blood stream. Design of potent GP inhibitors is a therapeutic strategy in the context of type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED Glucose-based inhibitors have found potential applications since they now reach low nanomolar Ki values. Another set of patents disclose cholic acid/7-aza-indole conjugates for targeted drug delivery to the liver. A series of benzazepinones have also been reported as potent GP inhibitors. In vitro data are reported for GP inhibition but the in vivo biological data at the cellular or animal levels are often missing, even though the literature reported for these molecules is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION A structural analogy between glucose-based GP inhibitors and C-glucosides targeting sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is intriguing. Cholic acid/7-aza-indole conjugates are promising in vivo drug delivery systems to the liver. Benzazepinones were very recently described and no associated literature is available, making it very difficult to comment at present. While industry has slowed down on GP inhibitors design, academic groups are pursuing investigations and have provided potential drug candidates which will resuscitate the interest for GP, including its potential for targeting cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Donnier-Maréchal
- a Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246 , CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- a Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, UMR 5246 , CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Glucose-derived spiro-isoxazolines are anti-hyperglycemic agents against type 2 diabetes through glycogen phosphorylase inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:444-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
29
|
Bokor É, Kun S, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L. 4(5)-Aryl-2-C-glucopyranosyl-imidazoles as New Nanomolar Glucose Analogue Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1215-9. [PMID: 26713107 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylases may lead to pharmacological treatments of diseases in which glycogen metabolism plays an important role: first of all in diabetes, but also in cardiovascular and tumorous disorders. C-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl) isoxazole, pyrazole, thiazole, and imidazole type compounds were synthesized, and the latter showed the strongest inhibition against rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. Most efficient was 2-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole (11b, K i = 31 nM) representing the best nanomolar glucose derived inhibitor of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bokor
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér
1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér
1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Begum J, Varga G, Docsa T, Gergely P, Hayes JM, Juhász L, Somsák L. Computationally motivated synthesis and enzyme kinetic evaluation of N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolecarboxamides as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolecarboxamides discovered as low μM inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaida Begum
- Centre for Materials Science
- Division of Chemistry
- University of Central Lancashire
- Preston PR1 2HE
- UK
| | - Gergely Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry
- Medical and Health Science Centre
- University of Debrecen
- H-4032 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry
- Medical and Health Science Centre
- University of Debrecen
- H-4032 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Joseph M. Hayes
- Centre for Materials Science
- Division of Chemistry
- University of Central Lancashire
- Preston PR1 2HE
- UK
| | - László Juhász
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- H-4010 Debrecen
- Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Juhász L, Varga G, Sztankovics A, Béke F, Docsa T, Kiss-Szikszai A, Gergely P, Kóňa J, Tvaroška I, Somsák L. Structure-Activity Relationships of Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitor FR258900 and Its Analogues: A Combined Synthetic, Enzyme Kinetics, and Computational Study. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
32
|
Czifrák K, Páhi A, Deák S, Kiss-Szikszai A, Kövér KE, Docsa T, Gergely P, Alexacou KM, Papakonstantinou M, Leonidas DD, Zographos SE, Chrysina ED, Somsák L. Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-iminothiazolidinone, a new bicyclic ring system: Synthesis, derivatization, and evaluation for inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase by enzyme kinetic and crystallographic methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4028-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
New synthesis of 3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazoles, nanomolar inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:567-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|