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Ramos-Kuri M, Meka SH, Salamanca-Buentello F, Hajjar RJ, Lipskaia L, Chemaly ER. Molecules linked to Ras signaling as therapeutic targets in cardiac pathologies. Biol Res 2021; 54:23. [PMID: 34344467 PMCID: PMC8330049 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Ras family of small Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) represents one of the main components of intracellular signal transduction required for normal cardiac growth, but is also critically involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The present review provides an update on the role of the H-, K- and N-Ras genes and their related pathways in cardiac diseases. We focus on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, where Ras has been studied the most. We also review other cardiac diseases, like genetic disorders related to Ras. The scope of the review extends from fundamental concepts to therapeutic applications. Although the three Ras genes have a nearly identical primary structure, there are important functional differences between them: H-Ras mainly regulates cardiomyocyte size, whereas K-Ras regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. N-Ras is the least studied in cardiac cells and is less associated to cardiac defects. Clinically, oncogenic H-Ras causes Costello syndrome and facio-cutaneous-skeletal syndromes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. On the other hand, oncogenic K-Ras and alterations of other genes of the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, like Raf, cause Noonan syndrome and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and septal defects. We further review the modulation by Ras of key signaling pathways in the cardiomyocyte, including: (i) the classical Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, which leads to a more physiological form of cardiac hypertrophy; as well as other pathways associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, like (ii) The SAPK (stress activated protein kinase) pathways p38 and JNK; and (iii) The alternative pathway Raf-Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). Genetic alterations of Ras isoforms or of genes in the Ras-MAPK pathway result in Ras-opathies, conditions frequently associated with cardiac hypertrophy or septal defects among other cardiac diseases. Several studies underline the potential role of H- and K-Ras as a hinge between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and as potential therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Graphic abstract ![]()
The Ras (Rat Sarcoma) gene family is a group of small G proteins Ras is regulated by growth factors and neurohormones affecting cardiomyocyte growth and hypertrophy Ras directly affects cardiomyocyte physiological and pathological hypertrophy Genetic alterations of Ras and its pathways result in various cardiac phenotypes Ras and its pathway are differentially regulated in acquired heart disease Ras modulation is a promising therapeutic target in various cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Kuri
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Secretarìa de Salud/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Researcher of the Facultad de Bioética, Cátedra de Infertilidad, Universidad Anáhuac, Mexico City, México.,Centro de Investigación en Bioética y Genética, Querétaro, México
| | - Sri Harika Meka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Fabio Salamanca-Buentello
- University of Toronto Institute of Medical Science, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Larissa Lipskaia
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, FHU SENEC, AP-HP, and Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Elie R Chemaly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Gebert-Oberle B, Giles J, Clayton S, Tran QK. Calcium/calmodulin regulates signaling at the α 1A adrenoceptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 848:70-79. [PMID: 30690001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular functions are mediated by multiple 7-pass transmembrane receptors whose activation promotes contraction or relaxation of the tissues. The α1 adrenoceptor type 1A plays important roles in the control of vascular tone and myocardial contractility via Ca2+-dependent actions. Here, using novel FRET-based biosensors, we identified a novel Ca2+-dependent interaction between calmodulin (CaM) and the human α1A adrenoceptor at the juxtamembranous region of its 4th submembrane domain (SMD4JM, a.a. 333-361). SMD4JM houses the known nuclear localization signal of α1A adrenoceptor (NLS, a.a. 334-349). We found that NLS itself also interacts with CaM, but with lower affinity and Ca2+ sensitivity, indicating that full interaction between CaM and α1A receptor in this region requires segment a.a. 333-361. Combined K353Q/L356A substitutions in the non-NLS segment of SMD4JM cause a 3.5-fold reduction in the affinity of CaM-SMD4JM interaction. Overexpression of wild-type α1A adrenoceptor in cells enhances phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) stimulated by A61603, while overexpression of the K353Q/L356A α1A receptor mutant significantly reduces this signal. Norepinephrine stimulates intracellular Ca2+ signals that are higher in cells overexpressing wild-type receptor but lower in cells overexpressing the K353Q/L356A receptor compared to non-transfected cells in the same microscopic environments. These data support a novel and important role for Ca2+-dependent CaM interaction at SMD4JM in α1A adrenoceptor-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Gebert-Oberle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Osteopathic Medical Center, Ryan Hall 258, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Jennifer Giles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Osteopathic Medical Center, Ryan Hall 258, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Sarah Clayton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Osteopathic Medical Center, Ryan Hall 258, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Quang-Kim Tran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Osteopathic Medical Center, Ryan Hall 258, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States.
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Musayeva A, Manicam C, Steege A, Brochhausen C, Straub BK, Bell K, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Role of α 1-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C757-C765. [PMID: 30257104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00314.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenergic stimuli are important for corneal epithelial structure and healing. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that the lack of a single α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) subtype affects corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation. Expression levels of α1-AR mRNA were determined in mouse cornea using real-time PCR. In mice devoid of one of the three α1-AR subtypes (α1A-AR-/-, α1B-AR-/-, α1D-AR-/-) and in wild-type controls, thickness of individual corneal layers, the number of epithelial cell layers, and average epithelial cell size were determined in cryosections. Endothelial cell density and morphology were calculated in corneal explants, and epithelial cell proliferation rate was determined with immunofluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the ultrastructure of the corneal epithelium was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Messenger RNA for all three α1-AR subtypes was expressed in whole cornea and in corneal epithelium from wild-type mice with a rank order of abundance of α1A ≥ α1B > α1D. In contrast, no α1-AR mRNA was detected in the stroma, and only α1B-AR mRNA was found in the Descemet endothelial complex. Remarkably, corneal epithelial thickness and mean epithelial cell size were reduced in α1A-AR-/- mice. Our findings suggest that the α1A-AR exerts growth effects in mouse corneal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytan Musayeva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Andreas Steege
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Katharina Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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Goyal D, Goyal R. Developmental Maturation and Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors-Mediated Gene Expression Changes in Ovine Middle Cerebral Arteries. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1772. [PMID: 29379105 PMCID: PMC5789090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alpha Adrenergic Signaling Pathway is one of the chief regulators of cerebrovascular tone and cerebral blood flow (CBF), mediating its effects in the arteries through alpha1-adrenergic receptors (Alpha1AR). In the ovine middle cerebral artery (MCA), with development from a fetus to an adult, others and we have shown that Alpha1AR play a key role in contractile responses, vascular development, remodeling, and angiogenesis. Importantly, Alpha1AR play a significant role in CBF autoregulation, which is incompletely developed in a premature fetus as compared to a near-term fetus. However, the mechanistic pathways are not completely known. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that as a function of maturation and in response to Alpha1AR stimulation there is a differential gene expression in the ovine MCA. We conducted microarray analysis on transcripts from MCAs of premature fetuses (96-day), near-term fetuses (145-day), newborn lambs, and non-pregnant adult sheep (2-year) following stimulation of Alpha1AR with phenylephrine (a specific agonist). We observed several genes which belonged to pro-inflammatory and vascular development/angiogenesis pathway significantly altered in all of the four age groups. We also observed age-specific changes in gene expression–mediated by Alpha1AR stimulation in the different developmental age groups. These findings imply complex regulatory mechanisms of cerebrovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Goyal
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Goyal
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Drummond PD, Dawson LF, Wood FM, Fear MW. Up-regulation of α 1-adrenoceptors in burn and keloid scars. Burns 2017; 44:582-588. [PMID: 29089212 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of α1-adrenoceptors evokes inflammatory cytokine production, boosts neurogenic inflammation and pain, and influences cellular migration and proliferation. Hence, these receptors may play a role both in normal and abnormal wound healing. To investigate this, the distribution of α1-adrenoceptors in skin biopsies of burn scars (N=17), keloid scars (N=12) and unscarred skin (N=17) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity was greater on vascular smooth muscle in burn scars than in unscarred tissue, consistent with heightened expression of α1-adrenoceptors. In addition, expression of α1-adrenoceptors was greater on dermal nerve fibres, blood vessels and fibroblasts in keloid scars than in either burn scars or unscarred skin. These findings suggest that increased vascular expression of α1-adrenoceptors could alter circulatory dynamics both in burn and keloid scars. In addition, the augmented expression of α1-adrenoceptors in keloid tissue may contribute to processes that produce or maintain keloid scars, and might be a source of the uncomfortable sensations often associated with these scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Drummond
- Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Linda F Dawson
- Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Australia; The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The Burns Service of Western Australia, WA Dept of Health, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Australia; The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Norepinephrine modulates osteoarthritic chondrocyte metabolism and inflammatory responses. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:325-34. [PMID: 26327449 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Norepinephrine (NE) was measured in synovial fluid of trauma patients and sympathetic nerve fibers were detected in healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) joint tissues indicating that cartilage pathophysiology might be influenced by sympathetic neurotransmitters. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mostly unknown role of NE in OA chondrocyte metabolism and inflammatory responses. METHODS Articular cartilage was received after total knee replacement surgery from OA patients. Expression of adrenergic receptors (AR) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was tested with end point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. 3-dimensional (3D) cell cultures were employed to analyze effects of NE on chondrocyte cell metabolism and the expression of interleukins (ILs), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMPs), glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen II under non- and inflammatory conditions. Chondrocyte monolayer cultures were used to specify AR subtypes, to analyze cell cycle distribution and to determine catecholamines in cell culture supernatants. RESULTS AR subtypes and TH were detected in chondrocytes, whereas NE was not released in measurable amounts. 10(-6) M NE reversed IL-1β induced changes in IL-8, MMP-13, GAG and collagen II expression/production indicating for β-AR signaling. Additionally, NE caused cell cycle slow down and decreased proliferation via β-AR signaling. 10(-8) M NE increased the number of proliferating cells and induced apoptosis via α1-AR signaling. CONCLUSIONS NE affects chondrocytes from OA cartilage regarding inflammatory response and its cell metabolism in a dose dependent manner. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) may have a dual function in OA pathology with preserving a stable chondrocyte phenotype via β-AR signaling and OA pathogenesis accelerating effects via α-AR signaling.
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Gradinaru I, Babaeva E, Schwinn DA, Oganesian A. Alpha1a-Adrenoceptor Genetic Variant Triggers Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperproliferation and Agonist Induced Hypertrophy via EGFR Transactivation Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142787. [PMID: 26571308 PMCID: PMC4646490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α1a Adrenergic receptors (α1aARs) are the predominant AR subtype in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). α1aARs in resistance vessels are crucial in the control of blood pressure, yet the impact of naturally occurring human α1aAR genetic variants in cardiovascular disorders remains poorly understood. To this end, we present novel findings demonstrating that 3D cultures of vascular SMCs expressing human α1aAR-247R (247R) genetic variant demonstrate significantly increased SMC contractility compared with cells expressing the α1aAR-WT (WT) receptor. Stable expression of 247R genetic variant also triggers MMP/EGFR-transactivation dependent serum- and agonist-independent (constitutive) hyperproliferation and agonist-dependent hypertrophy of SMCs. Agonist stimulation reduces contractility Using pathway-specific inhibitors we determined that the observed hyperproliferation of 247R-expressing cells is triggered via β-arrestin1/Src/MMP-2/EGFR/ERK-dependent mechanism. MMP-2-specific siRNA inhibited 247R-triggered hyperproliferation indicating MMP-2 involvement in 247R-triggered hyperproliferation in SMCs. β-arrestin1-specific shRNA also inhibited 247R-triggered hyperproliferation but did not affect hypertrophy in 247R-expressing SMCs, indicating that agonist-dependent hypertrophy is independent of β-arrestin1. Our data reveal that in different cardiovascular cells the same human receptor genetic variant can activate alternative modulators of the same signaling pathway. Thus, our findings in SMCs demonstrate that depending on the type of cells expressing the same receptor (or receptor variant), different target-specific inhibitors could be used to modulate aberrant hyperproliferative or hypertrophic pathways in order to restore normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gradinaru
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Babaeva
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Debra A. Schwinn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Anush Oganesian
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ramos-Kuri M, Rapti K, Mehel H, Zhang S, Dhandapany PS, Liang L, García-Carrancá A, Bobe R, Fischmeister R, Adnot S, Lebeche D, Hajjar RJ, Lipskaia L, Chemaly ER. Dominant negative Ras attenuates pathological ventricular remodeling in pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2870-84. [PMID: 26260012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the oncogene Ras in cardiac hypertrophy is well appreciated. The hypertrophic effects of the constitutively active mutant Ras-Val12 are revealed by clinical syndromes due to the Ras mutations and experimental studies. We examined the possible anti-hypertrophic effect of Ras inhibition in vitro using rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (NRCM) and in vivo in the setting of pressure-overload left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (POH) in rats. Ras functions were modulated via adenovirus directed gene transfer of active mutant Ras-Val12 or dominant negative mutant N17-DN-Ras (DN-Ras). Ras-Val12 expression in vitro activates NFAT resulting in pro-hypertrophic and cardio-toxic effects on NRCM beating and Z-line organization. In contrast, the DN-Ras was antihypertrophic on NRCM, inhibited NFAT and exerted cardio-protective effects attested by preserved NRCM beating and Z line structure. Additional experiments with silencing H-Ras gene strategy corroborated the antihypertrophic effects of siRNA-H-Ras on NRCM. In vivo, with the POH model, both Ras mutants were associated with similar hypertrophy two weeks after simultaneous induction of POH and Ras-mutant gene transfer. However, LV diameters were higher and LV fractional shortening lower in the Ras-Val12 group compared to control and DN-Ras. Moreover, DN-Ras reduced the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes in vivo, and decreased the expression of markers of pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. In isolated adult cardiomyocytes after 2 weeks of POH and Ras-mutant gene transfer, DN-Ras improved sarcomere shortening and calcium transients compared to Ras-Val12. Overall, DN-Ras promotes a more physiological form of hypertrophy, suggesting an interesting therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Kuri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Centro de Investigación Social Avanzada. Querétaro, Mexico; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Kleopatra Rapti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hind Mehel
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT DHU TORINO, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, NY, USA
| | - Lifan Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Regis Bobe
- INSERM U770, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT DHU TORINO, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010, Créteil, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010, Créteil, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Elie R Chemaly
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Morris DP, Lei B, Longo LD, Bomsztyk K, Schwinn DA, Michelotti GA. Temporal Dissection of Rate Limiting Transcriptional Events Using Pol II ChIP and RNA Analysis of Adrenergic Stress Gene Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134442. [PMID: 26244980 PMCID: PMC4526373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, increasing evidence supports mechanisms of co-transcriptional gene regulation and the generality of genetic control subsequent to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment. In this report, we use Pol II Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to investigate relationships between the mechanistic events controlling immediate early gene (IEG) activation following stimulation of the α1a-Adrenergic Receptor expressed in rat-1 fibroblasts. We validate our Pol II ChIP assay by comparison to major transcriptional events assessable by microarray and PCR analysis of precursor and mature mRNA. Temporal analysis of Pol II density suggests that reduced proximal pausing often enhances gene expression and was essential for Nr4a3 expression. Nevertheless, for Nr4a3 and several other genes, proximal pausing delayed the time required for initiation of productive elongation, consistent with a role in ensuring transcriptional fidelity. Arrival of Pol II at the 3’ cleavage site usually correlated with increased polyadenylated mRNA; however, for Nfil3 and probably Gprc5a expression was delayed and accompanied by apparent pre-mRNA degradation. Intragenic pausing not associated with polyadenylation was also found to regulate and delay Gprc5a expression. Temporal analysis of Nr4a3, Dusp5 and Nfil3 shows that transcription of native IEG genes can proceed at velocities of 3.5 to 4 kilobases/min immediately after activation. Of note, all of the genes studied here also used increased Pol II recruitment as an important regulator of expression. Nevertheless, the generality of co-transcriptional regulation during IEG activation suggests temporal and integrated analysis will often be necessary to distinguish causative from potential rate limiting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Morris
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Beilei Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lawrence D. Longo
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Karol Bomsztyk
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Debra A. Schwinn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Michelotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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