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Broughton S, Castello M, Liu L, Killen J, McMullan C. Anther Culture Protocols for Barley and Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2827:243-266. [PMID: 38985275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3954-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) techniques remain valuable tools for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genetic improvement, and DH populations are used extensively in breeding and research endeavors. Several techniques are available for DH production in wheat and barley. Here, we describe two simple, robust anther culture methods used to produce more than 15,000 DH wheat and barley lines annually in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Broughton
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Marieclaire Castello
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Killen
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher McMullan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
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Zhang L, Nie FJ, Gong L, Gan XY, Zhang GH, Liu X, Yang WJ, Shi L, Chen YC, Xie RX, Guo ZQ, Song Y. Regenerative plantlets with improved agronomic characteristics caused by anther culture of tetraploid potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). PeerJ 2023; 11:e14984. [PMID: 37187528 PMCID: PMC10178354 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As the primary means of plant-induced haploid, anther culture is of great significance in quickly obtaining pure lines and significantly shortening the potato breeding cycle. Nevertheless, the methods of anther culture of tetraploid potato were still not well established. Methods In this study, 16 potato cultivars (lines) were used for anther culture in vitro. The corresponding relation between the different development stages of microspores and the external morphology of buds was investigated. A highly-efficient anther culture system of tetraploid potatoes was established. Results It was shown in the results that the combined use of 0.5 mg/L 1-Naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 1.0 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 1.0 mg/L Kinetin (KT) was the ideal choice of hormone pairing for anther callus. Ten of the 16 potato cultivars examined could be induced callus with their respective anthers, and the induction rate ranged from 4.44% to 22.67% using this hormone combination. According to the outcome from the orthogonal design experiments of four kinds of appendages, we found that the medium with sucrose (40 g/L), AgNO3 (30 mg/L), activated carbon (3 g/L), potato extract (200 g/L) had a promotive induction effect on the anther callus. In contrast, adding 1 mg/L Zeatin (ZT) effectively facilitated callus differentiation. Conclusion Finally, 201 anther culture plantlets were differentiated from 10 potato cultivars. Among these, Qingshu 168 and Ningshu 15 had higher efficiency than anther culture. After identification by flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, 10 haploid plantlets (5%), 177 tetraploids (88%), and 14 octoploids (7%) were obtained. Some premium anther-cultured plantlets were further selected by morphological and agronomic comparison. Our findings provide important guidance for potato ploidy breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- College of Agriculture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Feng-jie Nie
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiao-yan Gan
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Guo-hui Zhang
- Guyuan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wen-jing Yang
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yu-chao Chen
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Rui-xia Xie
- Guyuan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhi-qian Guo
- Guyuan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuxia Song
- Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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3
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Rustgi S, Naveed S, Windham J, Zhang H, Demirer GS. Plant biomacromolecule delivery methods in the 21st century. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1011934. [PMID: 36311974 PMCID: PMC9614364 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1011934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 21st century witnessed a boom in plant genomics and gene characterization studies through RNA interference and site-directed mutagenesis. Specifically, the last 15 years marked a rapid increase in discovering and implementing different genome editing techniques. Methods to deliver gene editing reagents have also attempted to keep pace with the discovery and implementation of gene editing tools in plants. As a result, various transient/stable, quick/lengthy, expensive (requiring specialized equipment)/inexpensive, and versatile/specific (species, developmental stage, or tissue) methods were developed. A brief account of these methods with emphasis on recent developments is provided in this review article. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of each method are listed to allow the reader to select the most appropriate method for their specific studies. Finally, a perspective for future developments and needs in this research area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Salman Naveed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Jonathan Windham
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gözde S. Demirer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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4
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Grogg D, Rohner M, Yates S, Manzanares C, Bull SE, Dalton S, Bosch M, Studer B, Broggini GAL. Callus Induction from Diverse Explants and Genotypes Enables Robust Transformation of Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2054. [PMID: 35956532 PMCID: PMC9370183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic transformation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is critical for fundamental and translational research in this important grass species. It often relies on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of callus tissue. However, callus induction is restricted to a few genotypes that respond well to tissue culture. Here, we report callus induction from different perennial ryegrass genotypes and explants, such as shoot tips, seeds, and anthers, which were transformed with several plasmids for functional genomics. β-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining showed the LmdsRNAbp promoter sequence was active in stigmas, spikelets, anthers, and leaves. We also transformed calli with plasmids allowing gene silencing and gene knock-out using RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9, respectively, for which genotypic and phenotypic investigations are ongoing. Using 19 different constructs, 262 transgenic events were regenerated. Moreover, the protocol regenerated a doubled haploid transgenic event from anther-derived calli. This work provides a proof-of-concept method for expanding the range of genotypes amenable to transformation, thus, serving research and breeding initiatives to improve this important grass crop for forage and recreation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grogg
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marius Rohner
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven Yates
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloe Manzanares
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon E. Bull
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sue Dalton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni A. L. Broggini
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Xu L, Su X, Zhai L, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Liu L. Effects of genotype and culture conditions on microspore embryogenesis in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:43. [PMID: 37313515 PMCID: PMC10248703 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), an important annual or biennial root vegetable crop, is widely cultivated in the world for its high nutritive value. Isolated microspore culture (IMC) is one of the most effective methods for rapid development of homozygous lines. Due to imperfection of the IMC technology system, it is particularly important to establish an efficient IMC system in radish. In this study, the effects of different factors on radish microspore embryogenesis were investigated with 23 genotypes. Buds with the largest population of late-uninucleate-stage microspores were most suitable for embryogenesis, with a ratio of petal length to anther length (P/A) in buds of about 3/4 ~ 1. Cold pretreatment was found to be genotype specific, and the highest microspore-derived embryoid (MDE) yield occurred for treatment of the heat shock of 48 h. In addition, the supplement of 0.75 g/L activated charcoal (AC) could increase the yield of embryoids. It was found that genotypes, bud size, as well as temperature treatments had significant effects on microspore embryogenesis. Furthermore, somatic embryogenesis-related kinase (SERK) genes were profiled by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, which indicated that they are involved in the process of MDE formation and plantlet regeneration. The ploidy of microspore-derived plants was identified by chromosome counting and flow cytometry, and the microspore-derived plants were further proved as homozygous plants through expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) and genetic-SSR markers. The results would facilitate generating the large-scale double haploid (DH) from various genotypes, and promoting further highly efficient genetic improvement in radish. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01312-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Su
- Institution of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100 People’s Republic of China
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6
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Bednarek PT, Orłowska R, Mańkowski DR, Zimny J, Kowalczyk K, Nowak M, Zebrowski J. Glutathione and copper ions as critical factors of green plant regeneration efficiency of triticale in vitro anther culture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926305. [PMID: 35982694 PMCID: PMC9379855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture techniques are handy tools for obtaining unique plant materials that are difficult to propagate or important for agriculture. Homozygous materials derived through in vitro cultures are invaluable and significantly accelerate the evaluation of new varieties, e.g., cereals. The induction of somatic embryogenesis/androgenesis and the regeneration and its efficiency can be influenced by the external conditions of tissue culture, such as the ingredients present in the induction or regeneration media. We have developed an approach based on biological system, molecular markers, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and structural equation modeling technique to establish links between changes in sequence and DNA methylation at specific symmetric (CG, CHG) and asymmetric (CHH) sequences, glutathione, and green plant regeneration efficiency in the presence of variable supplementation of induction medium with copper ions. The methylation-sensitive Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism was used to assess tissue culture-induced variation, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to describe the glutathione spectrum, and a structural equation model to develop the relationship between sequence variation, de novo DNA methylation within asymmetric sequence contexts, and copper ions in the induction medium, as well as, glutathione, and green plant efficiency. An essential aspect of the study is demonstrating the contribution of glutathione to green plant regeneration efficiency and indicating the critical role of copper ions in influencing tissue culture-induced variation, glutathione, and obtaining green regenerants. The model presented here also has practical implications, showing that manipulating the concentration of copper ions in the induction medium may influence cell function and increases green plant regeneration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr T. Bednarek
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Renata Orłowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Dariusz R. Mańkowski
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Janusz Zimny
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Nowak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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7
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Eliby S, Bekkuzhina S, Kishchenko O, Iskakova G, Kylyshbayeva G, Jatayev S, Soole K, Langridge P, Borisjuk N, Shavrukov Y. Developments and prospects for doubled haploid wheat. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108007. [PMID: 35732257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Doubled haploid production is a valuable biotechnology that can accelerate the breeding of new wheat varieties by several years through the one-step creation of 100% homozygous plants. The technology also plays important role in studying the genetic control of traits in wheat, in marker-assisted selection, in genomics and in genetic engineering. In this paper, recent advances in androgenesis and gynogenesis techniques, emphasizing predominantly the in vitro culture phase, as well as the emerging innovative approaches in researching and producing wheat doubled haploids are reviewed. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing, that allows targeted mutagenesis and gene targeting, is being tested extensively as a powerful and precise tool to induce doubled haploids in wheat. The review provides the reader with recent examples of gene modifications in wheat to induce haploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serik Eliby
- University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Sara Bekkuzhina
- Faculty of Agronomy, S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Olena Kishchenko
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Gulnur Iskakova
- Kazakh Agrarian National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Satyvaldy Jatayev
- Faculty of Agronomy, S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Kathleen Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, SA, Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia; Wheat Initiative, Julius-Kühn-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, SA, Australia.
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Hale B, Ferrie AMR, Chellamma S, Samuel JP, Phillips GC. Androgenesis-Based Doubled Haploidy: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:751230. [PMID: 35069615 PMCID: PMC8777211 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgenesis, which entails cell fate redirection within the microgametophyte, is employed widely for genetic gain in plant breeding programs. Moreover, androgenesis-responsive species provide tractable systems for studying cell cycle regulation, meiotic recombination, and apozygotic embryogenesis within plant cells. Past research on androgenesis has focused on protocol development with emphasis on temperature pretreatments of donor plants or floral buds, and tissue culture optimization because androgenesis has different nutritional requirements than somatic embryogenesis. Protocol development for new species and genotypes within responsive species continues to the present day, but slowly. There is more focus presently on understanding how protocols work in order to extend them to additional genotypes and species. Transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of induced microspores have revealed some of the cellular and molecular responses required for or associated with androgenesis. For example, microRNAs appear to regulate early microspore responses to external stimuli; trichostatin-A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, acts as an epigenetic additive; ά-phytosulfokine, a five amino acid sulfated peptide, promotes androgenesis in some species. Additionally, present work on gene transfer and genome editing in microspores suggest that future endeavors will likely incorporate greater precision with the genetic composition of microspores used in doubled haploid breeding, thus likely to realize a greater impact on crop improvement. In this review, we evaluate basic breeding applications of androgenesis, explore the utility of genomics and gene editing technologies for protocol development, and provide considerations to overcome genotype specificity and morphogenic recalcitrance in non-model plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Hale
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | | | | | | | - Gregory C. Phillips
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
- Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Jonesboro, AR, United States
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9
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Ohnoutková L, Vlčko T. Homozygous Transgenic Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants by Anther Culture. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070918. [PMID: 32698526 PMCID: PMC7412030 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Production of homozygous lines derived from transgenic plants is one of the important steps for phenotyping and genotyping transgenic progeny. The selection of homozygous plants is a tedious process that can be significantly shortened by androgenesis, cultivation of anthers, or isolated microspores. Doubled haploid (DH) production achieves complete homozygosity in one generation. We obtained transgenic homozygous DH lines from six different transgenic events by using anther culture. Anthers were isolated from T0 transgenic primary regenerants and cultivated in vitro. The ploidy level was determined in green regenerants. At least half of the 2n green plants were transgenic, and their progeny were shown to carry the transgene. The process of dihaploidization did not affect the expression of the transgene. Embryo cultures were used to reduce the time to seed of the next generation. The application of these methods enables rapid evaluation of transgenic lines for gene function studies and trait evaluation.
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10
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Diter von Wettstein, Professor of Genetics and Master of Translating Science into Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32277446 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The present and subsequent chapters in this volume are dedicated to the life and research of Professor Diter von Wettstein who contributed immensely to the development of science and education. His contributions spanned various fields of science such as genetics, physiology, ultrastructural analysis, molecular biology, genomics, and biotechnology including genome editing. He performed and promoted pioneering research in the fields of epigenetics, directed evolution of enzymes, synthetic biology (promoter and gene optimizations), and genomics (genome sequencing of baker's yeast). Glimpses of his time at the Carlsberg Laboratory and Washington State University, with examples from the research performed at these institutions, are included in this chapter. His life is an inspiration to the next generation of biologists. Despite difficult situations, his persistent efforts and keen desire to learn enabled him to overcome obstacles. He always tried to attain the best, excelling in translating fundamental knowledge into applications.
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Ahmadi B, Ebrahimzadeh H. In vitro androgenesis: spontaneous vs. artificial genome doubling and characterization of regenerants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:299-316. [PMID: 31974735 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Androgenesis has become the most frequently chosen method of doubled haploid (DH) production in major crops. Theoretically, plantlets derived from in vitro cultured microspore encompass half of the normal chromosome number of donor plants and thus, considered to be haploid. However, depending on species/genotype and the method of haploid production, either via anther or isolated microspore culture, different ratios of spontaneous DHs and diploid (2n) or even polyploid plants originating from somatic tissues or unreduced gametes may also arise in the cultures. Adopting the method of haploid identification, anti-microtubular agent for restoring fertility, and discriminating spontaneous DHs from undesired heterozygote plants will substantially affect the success of androgenesis in breeding programs. The recent advances in the last 2 decades have made it possible to characterize the in vitro regenerants efficiently either prior to genome duplication or using in breeding programs. The herein described approaches and antimicotubular agents are, therefore, expected to improve the efficiency of DH-based breeding pipeline through the in vitro androgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Ahmadi
- Department of Maize and Forage Crops Research, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Tissue and Cell Culture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran
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12
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The Effect of Caffeine and Trifluralin on Chromosome Doubling in Wheat Anther Culture. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010105. [PMID: 31952150 PMCID: PMC7020159 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Challenges for wheat doubled haploid (DH) production using anther culture include genotype variability in green plant regeneration and spontaneous chromosome doubling. The frequency of chromosome doubling in our program can vary from 14% to 80%. Caffeine or trifluralin was applied at the start of the induction phase to improve early genome doubling. Caffeine treatment at 0.5 mM for 24 h significantly improved green plant production in two of the six spring wheat crosses but had no effect on the other crosses. The improvements were observed in Trojan/Havoc and Lancer/LPB14-0392, where green plant numbers increased by 14% and 27% to 161 and 42 green plants per 30 anthers, respectively. Caffeine had no significant effect on chromosome doubling, despite a higher frequency of doubling in several caffeine treatments in the first experiment (67-68%) compared to the control (56%). In contrast, trifluralin significantly improved doubling following a 48 h treatment, from 38% in the control to 51% and 53% in the 1 µM and 3 µM trifluralin treatments, respectively. However, trifluralin had a significant negative effect on green plant regeneration, declining from 31.8 green plants per 20 anthers (control) to 9-25 green plants per 20 anthers in the trifluralin treatments. Further work is required to identify a treatment regime with caffeine and/or anti-mitotic herbicides that consistently increases chromosome doubling in wheat without reducing green plant regeneration.
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Rustgi S, Kashyap S, Ankrah N, von Wettstein D. Use of Microspore-Derived Calli as Explants for Biolistic Transformation of Common Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2124:263-279. [PMID: 32277459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
There are specific advantages of using microspores as explants: (1) A small number of explant donors are required to obtain the desired number of pollen embryoids for genetic transformation and (2) microspores constitute a synchronous mass of haploid cells, which are transformable by various means and convertible to doubled haploids therefore allow production of homozygous genotypes in a single generation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated in wheat and other crops that microspores can be easily induced to produce embryoids and biolistic approach to produce a large number of transformants. In view of these listed advantages, we optimized the use of microspore-derived calli for biolistic transformation of wheat. The procedure takes about 6 months to obtain the viable transformants in the spring wheat background. In the present communication, we demonstrated the use of this method to produce the reduced immunogenicity wheat genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, USA. .,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Samneet Kashyap
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Nii Ankrah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Orłowska R, Pachota KA, Machczyńska J, Niedziela A, Makowska K, Zimny J, Bednarek PT. Improvement of anther cultures conditions using the Taguchi method in three cereal crops. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Genetic Modification for Wheat Improvement: From Transgenesis to Genome Editing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6216304. [PMID: 30956982 PMCID: PMC6431451 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To feed the growing human population, global wheat yields should increase to approximately 5 tonnes per ha from the current 3.3 tonnes by 2050. To reach this goal, existing breeding practices must be complemented with new techniques built upon recent gains from wheat genome sequencing, and the accumulated knowledge of genetic determinants underlying the agricultural traits responsible for crop yield and quality. In this review we primarily focus on the tools and techniques available for accessing gene functions which lead to clear phenotypes in wheat. We provide a view of the development of wheat transformation techniques from a historical perspective, and summarize how techniques have been adapted to obtain gain-of-function phenotypes by gene overexpression, loss-of-function phenotypes by expressing antisense RNAs (RNA interference or RNAi), and most recently the manipulation of gene structure and expression using site-specific nucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas9, for genome editing. The review summarizes recent successes in the application of wheat genetic manipulation to increase yield, improve nutritional and health-promoting qualities in wheat, and enhance the crop's resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Chong‐Pérez B, Carrasco B, Silva H, Herrera F, Quiroz K, Garcia‐Gonzales R. Regeneration of highland papaya ( Vasconcellea pubescens) from anther culture. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2018; 6:e01182. [PMID: 30276030 PMCID: PMC6159643 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Vasconcellea pubescens is an important Caricaceae species cultivated in several countries of South America. The objective of this study was to investigate different media compositions and plant growth regulators to induce plant regeneration. METHODS Anthers were cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium with varying concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus a cytokinin (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea). The effect of the basal medium supplemented with auxins and cytokinins on shoot regeneration from the induced calli was also evaluated. Addition of maltose to the basal medium was also tested. RESULTS The combination of 0.54 μM NAA and 22.66 μM 2,4-D induced the highest rate of calli formation. Regeneration via organogenesis was obtained in Murashige and Skoog and Woody Plant Medium supplemented with maltose and containing 8.88 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 5.71 μM indoleacetic acid, and 2.28 μM zeatin. DISCUSSION The plant regeneration protocol reported here permits the development of haploid and double haploid plants that can be useful for propagation purposes, allow a better molecular understanding of the species, and facilitate the production of new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borys Chong‐Pérez
- Sociedad de Investigación y ServiciosBioTECNOS Ltda.Camino a Pangal, Km 2.5San JavierChile
| | - Basilio Carrasco
- Departamento de Ciencias VegetalesFacultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería ForestalPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileAv. Vicuña Mackenna 4860SantiagoChile
| | - Herman Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional & Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias AgronómicasUniversidad de ChileAv. Santa Rosa 11315, 8820808 La PintanaSantiagoChile
| | - Francisca Herrera
- Sociedad de Investigación y ServiciosBioTECNOS Ltda.Camino a Pangal, Km 2.5San JavierChile
| | - Karla Quiroz
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos NaturalesFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesUniversidad Católica del MauleAvenida San Miguel 3605TalcaChile
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Bhowmik P, Ellison E, Polley B, Bollina V, Kulkarni M, Ghanbarnia K, Song H, Gao C, Voytas DF, Kagale S. Targeted mutagenesis in wheat microspores using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6502. [PMID: 29695804 PMCID: PMC5916876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a transformative technology that will facilitate the development of crops to meet future demands. However, application of gene editing is hindered by the long life cycle of many crop species and because desired genotypes generally require multiple generations to achieve. Single-celled microspores are haploid cells that can develop into double haploid plants and have been widely used as a breeding tool to generate homozygous plants within a generation. In this study, we combined the CRISPR/Cas9 system with microspore technology and developed an optimized haploid mutagenesis system to induce genetic modifications in the wheat genome. We investigated a number of factors that may affect the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents into microspores and found that electroporation of a minimum of 75,000 cells using 10–20 µg DNA and a pulsing voltage of 500 V is optimal for microspore transfection using the Neon transfection system. Using multiple Cas9 and sgRNA constructs, we present evidence for the seamless introduction of targeted modifications in an exogenous DsRed gene and two endogenous wheat genes, including TaLox2 and TaUbiL1. This study demonstrates the value and feasibility of combining microspore technology and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing for trait discovery and improvement in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhowmik
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada.
| | - Evan Ellison
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Brittany Polley
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Venkatesh Bollina
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Manoj Kulkarni
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Kaveh Ghanbarnia
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Halim Song
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sateesh Kagale
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada.
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18
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Bhowmik P, Ellison E, Polley B, Bollina V, Kulkarni M, Ghanbarnia K, Song H, Gao C, Voytas DF, Kagale S. Targeted mutagenesis in wheat microspores using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29695804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24690-8v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a transformative technology that will facilitate the development of crops to meet future demands. However, application of gene editing is hindered by the long life cycle of many crop species and because desired genotypes generally require multiple generations to achieve. Single-celled microspores are haploid cells that can develop into double haploid plants and have been widely used as a breeding tool to generate homozygous plants within a generation. In this study, we combined the CRISPR/Cas9 system with microspore technology and developed an optimized haploid mutagenesis system to induce genetic modifications in the wheat genome. We investigated a number of factors that may affect the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents into microspores and found that electroporation of a minimum of 75,000 cells using 10-20 µg DNA and a pulsing voltage of 500 V is optimal for microspore transfection using the Neon transfection system. Using multiple Cas9 and sgRNA constructs, we present evidence for the seamless introduction of targeted modifications in an exogenous DsRed gene and two endogenous wheat genes, including TaLox2 and TaUbiL1. This study demonstrates the value and feasibility of combining microspore technology and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing for trait discovery and improvement in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhowmik
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada.
| | - Evan Ellison
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Brittany Polley
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Venkatesh Bollina
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Manoj Kulkarni
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Kaveh Ghanbarnia
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Halim Song
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sateesh Kagale
- Canadian Wheat Improvement Flagship Program, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada.
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Bilichak A, Luu J, Jiang F, Eudes F. Identification of BABY BOOM homolog in bread wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Despite more than a century of research on effective biotechnological methods, micropropagation continues to be an important tool for the large-scale production of clonal plantlets of several important plant species that retain genetic fidelity and are pest-free. In some cases, micropropagation is the only technique that supports the maintenance and promotes the economic value of specific agricultural species. The micropropagation of plants solved many phytosanitary problems and allowed both the expansion and access to high-quality plants for growers from different countries and economic backgrounds, thereby effectively contributing to an agricultural expansion in this and the last century. The challenges for micropropagation in the twenty-first century include cost reduction, enhanced efficiency, developing new technologies, and combining micropropagation with other systems/propagation techniques such as microcuttings, hydroponics, and aeroponics. In this chapter, we discuss the actual uses of micropropagation in this century, its importance and limitations, and some possible techniques that can effectively increase its wider application by replacing certain conventional techniques and technologies.
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Haque E, Taniguchi H, Hassan MM, Bhowmik P, Karim MR, Śmiech M, Zhao K, Rahman M, Islam T. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology for the Improvement of Crops Cultivated in Tropical Climates: Recent Progress, Prospects, and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 29868073 PMCID: PMC5952327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The world population is expected to increase from 7.3 to 9.7 billion by 2050. Pest outbreak and increased abiotic stresses due to climate change pose a high risk to tropical crop production. Although conventional breeding techniques have significantly increased crop production and yield, new approaches are required to further improve crop production in order to meet the global growing demand for food. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein9) genome editing technology has shown great promise for quickly addressing emerging challenges in agriculture. It can be used to precisely modify genome sequence of any organism including plants to achieve the desired trait. Compared to other genome editing tools such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas9 is faster, cheaper, precise and highly efficient in editing genomes even at the multiplex level. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in editing the plant genome is emerging rapidly. The CRISPR/Cas9 is becoming a user-friendly tool for development of non-transgenic genome edited crop plants to counteract harmful effects from climate change and ensure future food security of increasing population in tropical countries. This review updates current knowledge and potentials of CRISPR/Cas9 for improvement of crops cultivated in tropical climates to gain resiliency against emerging pests and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effi Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Md. Mahmudul Hassan
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Pankaj Bhowmik
- National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Jahangirnagar University Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman
- Extension Service, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Extension Service, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Tofazzal Islam
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22
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Haploid and Doubled Haploid Techniques in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to Advance Research and Breeding. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy6040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shen Y, Pan G, Lübberstedt T. Haploid Strategies for Functional Validation of Plant Genes. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 33:611-620. [PMID: 26409779 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of plant genome sequences requires the development of more reliable and efficient genetic approaches for genotype-phenotype validation. Functional identification of plant genes is generally achieved by a combination of creating genetic modifications and observing the according phenotype, which begins with forward-genetic methods represented by random physical and chemical mutagenesis and move towards reverse-genetic tools as targeted genome editing. A major bottleneck is time need to produce modified homozygous genotypes that can actually be used for phenotypic validation. Herein, we comprehensively address and compare available experimental approaches for functional validation of plant genes, and propose haploid strategies to reduce the time needed and cost consumed for establishing gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaou Shen
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China; Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Thomas Lübberstedt
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 100 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Ahmadi B, Masoomi-Aladizgeh F, Shariatpanahi ME, Azadi P, Keshavarz-Alizadeh M. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of SERK1 and SERK2 in Brassica napus L.: implication for microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:185-93. [PMID: 26449417 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The BnSERK1 and BnSERK2 are involved in the process of microspore embryogenesis induction, development, and plantlet regeneration. Little is known about regulatory role of somatic embryogenesis-related kinase (SERK) genes family in the induction of microspore embryogenesis, development and plant regeneration. In this study, the expression of two SERK genes (SERK1 and SERK2) was assessed during the microspore embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in Brassica napus L. The BnSERK1 was severely up-regulated 1-5 days following microspore culture and its expression drastically decreased in the globular-heart and also torpedo staged microspore-derived embryos (MDEs). In addition, high levels of BnSERK1 transcript were detected in the MDE maturation phase and in the roots and shoots of the regenerated plantlets which indicates a broader role(s) of BnSERK1 in the organ formation, rather than being specific to the embryogenesis. Results of partial sequencing indicated that the BnSERK1 shares a conserved serine-threonine kinase catalytic domain and exhibited 95 % similarity with AtSERK1, CsSERK1, BrSERK1, NaSERK1, and NbSERK1. A steady increase in the expression of BnSERK2 was observed during the MDE initiation and development so that, the highest expression was noted in the MDE maturation phase i.e., late cotyledonary MDEs. Our results also indicated low amounts of BnSERK2 transcript at the onset of rhyzogenesis but significantly higher expression in the developing roots. In contrast, the BnSERK2 strongly up-regulated during the both initially and developed shoots. The BnSERK2 shares highly conserved LRR-RLK domain when compared with different species tested so that, high homology (100 %) was noticed with BrSERK2. Based on our findings, MDE formation and plantlet regeneration seem to be correlated with both BnSERK1 and BnSERK2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Ahmadi
- Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Masoomi-Aladizgeh
- Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehran E Shariatpanahi
- Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Pejman Azadi
- Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Keshavarz-Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151, Karaj, Iran
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25
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Bilichak A, Luu J, Eudes F. Intracellular delivery of fluorescent protein into viable wheat microspores using cationic peptides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:666. [PMID: 26379691 PMCID: PMC4552043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microspores are specialized generative cells with haploid genome that demonstrate the amenability toward embryogenesis under certain conditions. The induced microspore culture technique is largely exploited by the breeding programs of wheat and other crops due to its high efficiency for generation of the large number of haploid plants in the relatively short period of time. The ability to produce mature double haploid plant from a single cell has also attracted attention of the plant biotechnologists in the past few years. More importantly, the possibility to deliver proteins for improvement of embryogenesis and the genome modification purposes holds great potential for transgene-free wheat biotechnology. In the present study, we examined the ability of cationic and amphipathic cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) to convey a covalently-linked mCherry protein inside the viable microspores. We demonstrate that the affinity of CPPs to the microspore cells dependents on their charge with the highest efficiency of CPP-mCherry binding to the cells achieved by cationic CPPs (penetratin and R9). Additionally, due to overall negative charge of the microspore cell wall, the successful uptake of the protein cargo by live microspore cells is attained by utilization of a reversible disulfide bond between the R9 CPP and mCherry protein. Overall, the approach proposed herein can be applied by the other biotechnology groups for the fast and efficient screening of the different CPP candidates for their ability to deliver proteins inside the viable plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Bilichak
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
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26
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Dwivedi SL, Britt AB, Tripathi L, Sharma S, Upadhyaya HD, Ortiz R. Haploids: Constraints and opportunities in plant breeding. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:812-29. [PMID: 26165969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of haploids in higher plants led to the use of doubled haploid (DH) technology in plant breeding. This article provides the state of the art on DH technology including the induction and identification of haploids, what factors influence haploid induction, molecular basis of microspore embryogenesis, the genetics underpinnings of haploid induction and its use in plant breeding, particularly to fix traits and unlock genetic variation. Both in vitro and in vivo methods have been used to induce haploids that are thereafter chromosome doubled to produce DH. Various heritable factors contribute to the successful induction of haploids, whose genetics is that of a quantitative trait. Genomic regions associated with in vitro and in vivo DH production were noted in various crops with the aid of DNA markers. It seems that F2 plants are the most suitable for the induction of DH lines than F1 plants. Identifying putative haploids is a key issue in haploid breeding. DH technology in Brassicas and cereals, such as barley, maize, rice, rye and wheat, has been improved and used routinely in cultivar development, while in other food staples such as pulses and root crops the technology has not reached to the stage leading to its application in plant breeding. The centromere-mediated haploid induction system has been used in Arabidopsis, but not yet in crops. Most food staples are derived from genomic resources-rich crops, including those with sequenced reference genomes. The integration of genomic resources with DH technology provides new opportunities for the improving selection methods, maximizing selection gains and accelerate cultivar development. Marker-aided breeding and DH technology have been used to improve host plant resistance in barley, rice, and wheat. Multinational seed companies are using DH technology in large-scale production of inbred lines for further development of hybrid cultivars, particularly in maize. The public sector provides support to national programs or small-medium private seed for the exploitation of DH technology in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam L Dwivedi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Anne B Britt
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, P. O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
| | - Shivali Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Hari D Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India; Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 300 E. St. Mary Blvd, 108 Billeaud Hall, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Plant Breeding, Sundsvagen 14 Box 101, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Gao Z, Li Y, Chen J, Chen Z, Cui ML. A Rapid and Stable Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Method of a Medicinal Plant Chelone glabra L. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2390-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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