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Wu HH, Leng S, Abuetabh Y, Sergi C, Eisenstat DD, Leng R. The SWIB/MDM2 motif of UBE4B activates the p53 pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:466-481. [PMID: 36865087 PMCID: PMC9971181 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role in cancer pathogenesis, and regulation of p53 expression is essential for maintaining normal cell growth. UBE4B is an E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase involved in a negative-feedback loop with p53. UBE4B is required for Hdm2-mediated p53 polyubiquitination and degradation. Thus, targeting the p53-UBE4B interactions is a promising anticancer strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we confirm that while the UBE4B U box does not bind to p53, it is essential for the degradation of p53 and acts in a dominant-negative manner, thereby stabilizing p53. C-terminal UBE4B mutants lose their ability to degrade p53. Notably, we identified one SWIB/Hdm2 motif of UBE4B that is vital for p53 binding. Furthermore, the novel UBE4B peptide activates p53 functions, including p53-dependent transactivation and growth inhibition, by blocking the p53-UBE4B interactions. Our findings indicate that targeting the p53-UBE4B interaction presents a novel approach for p53 activation therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Sarah Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Yasser Abuetabh
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada,Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, 8613 114 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Roger Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada,Corresponding author: Roger Leng, 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Shao X, Zhu J, Shi Y, Fang H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jian H, Lan S, Jiang F, Zhong F, Zhang Y, Cao C. Upregulated UBE4B expression correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9632-9646. [PMID: 36470669 PMCID: PMC9792214 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major human health concern. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that ubiquitin ligase E4B (UBE4B) may be involved in the occurrence and development of various human cancers and may affect prognosis. However, the specific role and mechanism of UBE4B in HCC is unclear. METHODS A pan-cancer analysis of UBE4B expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis was performed using bioinformatics techniques. Subsequently, the expression, prognosis, and correlation of UBE4B and its upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs were analyzed. We investigated the relationship between UBE4B expression and immune cell infiltration, immunomodulatory factors, and chemokines in HCC. The expression levels of UBE4B and its upstream lncRNAs (FGD5-AS1, LINC00858, and SNHG16) and miRNAs (hsa-miR-22-3p) were evaluated in HCC cell lines using qRT-PCR. RESULTS UBE4B expression increased in HCC and was correlated with a poor survival rate in patients with HCC. A ceRNA network was established to identify the UBE4B-hsa-miR-22-3p-FGD5-AS1/LINC00858/SNHG16 regulatory axis in HCC. UBE4B expression was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration, immunomodulators, chemokines, and their receptors in HCC. The mRNA expression of FGD5-AS1, LINC00858, SNHG16, and UBE4B was higher in the HCC cell lines (7721 and HepG2) than in the normal hepatocyte line (LO2), and the expression of hsa-miR-22-3p mRNA showed a decreasing trend. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that upregulation of UBE4B was associated with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in HCC. These findings will aid in understanding the relevant functions of UBE4B and provide new strategies for drug development and exploration of prognosis-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Shao
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yanlong Shi
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanlu Fang
- Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Fuyang Women and Children’s Hospital, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haokun Jian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Sheng Lan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Kim H, Lee J, Jung SY, Yun HH, Ko JH, Lee JH. SF3B4 Depletion Retards the Growth of A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via UBE4B-Mediated Regulation of p53/p21 and p27 Expression. Mol Cells 2022; 45:718-728. [PMID: 35996826 PMCID: PMC9589371 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing factor B subunit 4 (SF3B4), a component of the U2-pre-mRNA spliceosomal complex, contributes to tumorigenesis in several types of tumors. However, the oncogenic potential of SF3B4 in lung cancer has not yet been determined. The in vivo expression profiles of SF3B4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from publicly available data revealed a significant increase in SF3B4 expression in tumor tissues compared to that in normal tissues. The impact of SF3B4 deletion on the growth of NSCLC cells was determined using a siRNA strategy in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. SF3B4 silencing resulted in marked retardation of the A549 cell proliferation, accompanied by the accumulation of cells at the G0/G1 phase and increased expression of p27, p21, and p53. Double knockdown of SF3B4 and p53 resulted in the restoration of p21 expression and partial recovery of cell proliferation, indicating that the p53/p21 axis is involved, at least in part, in the SF3B4-mediated regulation of A549 cell proliferation. We also provided ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) is essential for p53 accumulation after SF3B4 depletion based on followings. First, co-immunoprecipitation showed that SF3B4 interacts with UBE4B. Furthermore, UBE4B levels were decreased by SF3B4 depletion. UBE4B depletion, in turn, reproduced the outcome of SF3B4 depletion, including reduction of polyubiquitinated p53 levels, subsequent induction of p53/p21 and p27, and proliferation retardation. Collectively, our findings indicate the important role of SF3B4 in the regulation of A549 cell proliferation through the UBE4B/p53/p21 axis and p27, implicating the therapeutic strategies for NSCLC targeting SF3B4 and UBE4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jeehan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Soon-Young Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Ko
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Vriend J, Thanasupawat T, Sinha N, Klonisch T. Ubiquitin Proteasome Gene Signatures in Ependymoma Molecular Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012330. [PMID: 36293188 PMCID: PMC9604155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is critically important for cellular homeostasis and affects virtually all key functions in normal and neoplastic cells. Currently, a comprehensive review of the role of the UPS in ependymoma (EPN) brain tumors is lacking but may provide valuable new information on cellular networks specific to different EPN subtypes and reveal future therapeutic targets. We have reviewed publicly available EPN gene transcription datasets encoding components of the UPS pathway. Reactome analysis of these data revealed genes and pathways that were able to distinguish different EPN subtypes with high significance. We identified differential transcription of several genes encoding ubiquitin E2 conjugases associated with EPN subtypes. The expression of the E2 conjugase genes UBE2C, UBE2S, and UBE2I was elevated in the ST_EPN_RELA subtype. The UBE2C and UBE2S enzymes are associated with the ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex (APC/c), which regulates the degradation of substrates associated with cell cycle progression, whereas UBE2I is a Sumo-conjugating enzyme. Additionally, elevated in ST_EPN_RELA were genes for the E3 ligase and histone deacetylase HDAC4 and the F-box cullin ring ligase adaptor FBX031. Cluster analysis demonstrated several genes encoding E3 ligases and their substrate adaptors as EPN subtype specific genetic markers. The most significant Reactome Pathways associated with differentially expressed genes for E3 ligases and their adaptors included antigen presentation, neddylation, sumoylation, and the APC/c complex. Our analysis provides several UPS associated factors that may be attractive markers and future therapeutic targets for the subtype-specific treatment of EPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-3732
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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5
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MAGED2 Is Required under Hypoxia for cAMP Signaling by Inhibiting MDM2-Dependent Endocytosis of G-Alpha-S. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162546. [PMID: 36010623 PMCID: PMC9406315 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MAGED2 cause transient Bartter syndrome characterized by severe renal salt wasting in fetuses and infants, which leads to massive polyhydramnios causing preterm labor, extreme prematurity and perinatal death. Notably, this condition resolves spontaneously in parallel with developmental increase in renal oxygenation. MAGED2 interacts with G-alpha-S (Gαs). Given the role of Gαs in activating adenylyl cyclase at the plasma membrane and consequently generating cAMP to promote renal salt reabsorption via protein kinase A (PKA), we hypothesized that MAGED2 is required for this signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions such as in fetuses. Consistent with that, under both physical and chemical hypoxia, knockdown of MAGED2 in renal (HEK293) and cancer (HeLa) cell culture models caused internalization of Gαs, which was fully reversible upon reoxygenation. In contrast to Gαs, cell surface expression of the β2-adrenergic receptor, which is coupled to Gαs, was not affected by MAGED2 depletion, demonstrating specific regulation of Gαs by MAGED2. Importantly, the internalization of Gαs due to MAGED2 deficiency significantly reduced cAMP generation and PKA activity. Interestingly, the internalization of Gαs was blocked by preventing its endocytosis with dynasore. Given the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which can be regulated by MAGE-proteins, in regulating endocytosis, we assessed the potential role of MDM2-dependent ubiquitination in MAGED2 deficiency-induced internalization of Gαs under hypoxia. Remarkably, MDM2 depletion or its chemical inhibition fully abolished Gαs-endocytosis following MAGED2 knockdown. Moreover, endocytosis of Gαs was also blocked by mutation of ubiquitin acceptor sites in Gαs. Thus, we reveal that MAGED2 is essential for the cAMP/PKA pathway under hypoxia to specifically regulate Gαs endocytosis by blocking MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of Gαs. This may explain, at least in part, the transient nature of Bartter syndrome caused by MAGED2 mutations and opens new avenues for therapy in these patients.
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6
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Lu Y, Jiang B, Peng K, Li S, Liu X, Wang B, Chen Y, Wang T, Zhao B. Differential Degradation of TRA2A and PYCR2 Mediated by Ubiquitin E3 Ligase E4B. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833396. [PMID: 35669517 PMCID: PMC9163560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
E4B belongs to the U-box E3 ligase family and functions as either an E3 or an E4 enzyme in protein ubiquitination. Transformer2A (TRA2A) and Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) are related to cancer development and are overexpressed in many cancer cells. The degradation of TRA2A and PYCR2 mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has not been reported. This study validated that E4B could ubiquitinate TRA2A and PYCR2 as an E3 ligase both in vitro and in the HEK293 cells. E4B mediated the degradation by forming K11- and K48- linked polyubiquitin chains on TRA2A and PYCR2, respectively. E4B regulated the alternative splicing function of TRA2A and affected RSRC2 transcription in the HEK293 cells. Although E4B is highly expressed, it hardly degrades TRA2A and PYCR2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, suggesting other mechanisms exist for degradation of TRA2A and PYCR2 in the HCC cells. We finally reported that E4B interacted with substrates via its variable region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kangli Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bufan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiepeng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Chakrapani HB, Chourasia S, Gupta S, Kumar D T, Doss C GP, Haldar R. Effective utilisation of influence maximization technique for the identification of significant nodes in breast cancer gene networks. Comput Biol Med 2021; 133:104378. [PMID: 33971587 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the most important genes in a cancer gene network is a crucial step in understanding the disease's functional characteristics and finding an effective drug. METHOD In this study, a popular influence maximization technique was applied on a large breast cancer gene network to identify the most influential genes computationally. The novel approach involved incorporating gene expression data and protein to protein interaction network to create a customized pruned and weighted gene network. This was then readily provided to the influence maximization procedure. The weighted gene network was also processed through a widely accepted framework that identified essential proteins to benchmark the proposed method. RESULTS The proposed method's results had matched with the majority of the output from the benchmarked framework. The key takeaway from the experiment was that the influential genes identified by the proposed method, which did not match favorably with the widely accepted framework, were found to be very important by previous in-vivo studies on breast cancer. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The new findings generated from the proposed method give us a favorable reason to infer that influence maximization added a more diversified approach to define and identify important genes and could be incorporated with other popular computational techniques for more relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Smruti Chourasia
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sibasish Gupta
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Thirumal Kumar D
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Rishin Haldar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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8
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Kang JA, Jeon YJ. How Is the Fidelity of Proteins Ensured in Terms of Both Quality and Quantity at the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Mechanistic Insights into E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042078. [PMID: 33669844 PMCID: PMC7923238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected organelle that plays fundamental roles in the biosynthesis, folding, stabilization, maturation, and trafficking of secretory and transmembrane proteins. It is the largest organelle and critically modulates nearly all aspects of life. Therefore, in the endoplasmic reticulum, an enormous investment of resources, including chaperones and protein folding facilitators, is dedicated to adequate protein maturation and delivery to final destinations. Unfortunately, the folding and assembly of proteins can be quite error-prone, which leads to the generation of misfolded proteins. Notably, protein homeostasis, referred to as proteostasis, is constantly exposed to danger by flows of misfolded proteins and subsequent protein aggregates. To maintain proteostasis, the ER triages and eliminates terminally misfolded proteins by delivering substrates to the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) or to the lysosome, which is termed ER-associated degradation (ERAD) or ER-phagy, respectively. ERAD not only eliminates misfolded or unassembled proteins via protein quality control but also fine-tunes correctly folded proteins via protein quantity control. Intriguingly, the diversity and distinctive nature of E3 ubiquitin ligases determine efficiency, complexity, and specificity of ubiquitination during ERAD. ER-phagy utilizes the core autophagy machinery and eliminates ERAD-resistant misfolded proteins. Here, we conceptually outline not only ubiquitination machinery but also catalytic mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Further, we discuss the mechanistic insights into E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the two guardian pathways in the ER, ERAD and ER-phagy. Finally, we provide the molecular mechanisms by which ERAD and ER-phagy conduct not only protein quality control but also protein quantity control to ensure proteostasis and subsequent organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji An Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence:
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9
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Solarte M, Cortes-Urrea C, Franco NR, Barreto G, Moreno PA. Novel mutations in breast cancer patients from southwestern Colombia. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190359. [PMID: 33231602 PMCID: PMC7684693 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer among women in less developed regions. In Colombia, few published studies have applied next-generation sequencing technologies to evaluate the genetic factors related to breast cancer. This study characterized the exome of three patients with breast cancer from southwestern Colombia to identify likely pathogenic or disease-related DNA sequence variants in tumor cells. For this, the exomes of three tumor tissue samples from patients with breast cancer were sequenced. The bioinformatics analysis identified two pathogenic variants in Fgfr4 and Nf1 genes, which are highly relevant for this type of cancer. Specifically, variant FGFR4-c.1162G>A predisposes individuals to a significantly accelerated progression of this pathology, while NF1-c.1915C>T negatively alters the encoded protein and should be further investigated to clarify the role of this variant in this neoplasia. Moreover, 27 novel likely pathogenic variants were found and 10 genes showed alterations of pathological interest. These results suggest that the novel variants reported here should be further studied to elucidate their role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Solarte
- Universidad del Valle, School of Systems and Computing Engineering, Bioinformatics and Biocomputing Laboratory, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad del Valle, Biology Department, Human molecular Genetic Laboratory, Cali, Colombia
| | - Carolina Cortes-Urrea
- Universidad del Valle, School of Systems and Computing Engineering, Bioinformatics and Biocomputing Laboratory, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad del Valle, Biology Department, Human molecular Genetic Laboratory, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nelson Rivera Franco
- Universidad del Valle, Biology Department, Human molecular Genetic Laboratory, Cali, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Universidad del Valle, Biology Department, Human molecular Genetic Laboratory, Cali, Colombia
| | - Pedro A Moreno
- Universidad del Valle, School of Systems and Computing Engineering, Bioinformatics and Biocomputing Laboratory, Cali, Colombia
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10
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Huang XQ, Hao S, Zhou ZQ, Huang B, Fang JY, Tang Y, Zhang JH, Xia JC. The Roles of Ubiquitination Factor E4B (UBE4B) in the Postoperative Prognosis of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and in Renal Tumor Cells Growth and Metastasis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:185-197. [PMID: 32021266 PMCID: PMC6956714 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s229577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Object This study aimed at investigating the clinical significance and biological function of ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods 19 paired clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumor samples and the matched neighboring non-tumor samples were used to detect the expression of UBE4B in RCC tumor by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. UBE4B expression was also detected in 151 ccRCC paraffin-embedded tumor samples by using immunohistochemistry. Overall survival (OS) in different UBE4B expression groups were compared with Log rank test. The prognostic value of UBE4B expression in OS was evaluated with the univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. UBE4B was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, and the effect of UBE4B on cell proliferation, colony formation, metastasis, apoptosis and cell cycle of RCC cells were examined in vitro. Results Both protein and mRNA levels of UBE4B were up-regulated in ccRCC tumor tissues in contrast to the corresponding adjacent nontumor ones. UBE4B expression was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and distant metastasis in ccRCC patients. Survival analyses indicated that low expression of UBE4B was associated with increased OS in ccRCC patients. Functional analyses demonstrated that siRNA silencing of UBE4B expression in SKRC39 and ACHN cells further reduced the growth, motility and invasiveness of RCC cells. Moreover, siRNA silencing of UBE4B in the RCC cell lines did not induce apoptosis, and an increase in the cell population was observed during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Conclusion UBE4B might act as an oncogene in regulating RCC development. Therefore it could be served as an effective indicator to predict OS and a potential biomarker for targeted therapy of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qiong Huang
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Fang
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Health Service Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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11
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Bang S, Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of the p53 Family Proteins by the Ubiquitin Proteasomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E261. [PMID: 31905981 PMCID: PMC6981958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues, p63 and p73, play a pivotal role in the regulation of the DNA damage response, cellular homeostasis, development, aging, and metabolism. A number of mouse studies have shown that a genetic defect in the p53 family could lead to spontaneous tumor development, embryonic lethality, or severe tissue abnormality, indicating that the activity of the p53 family must be tightly regulated to maintain normal cellular functions. While the p53 family members are regulated at the level of gene expression as well as post-translational modification, they are also controlled at the level of protein stability through the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Over the last 20 years, many ubiquitin E3 ligases have been discovered that directly promote protein degradation of p53, p63, and p73 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide an overview of such E3 ligases and discuss their roles and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (S.B.); (S.K.)
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12
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Antoniou N, Lagopati N, Balourdas DI, Nikolaou M, Papalampros A, Vasileiou PVS, Myrianthopoulos V, Kotsinas A, Shiloh Y, Liontos M, Gorgoulis VG. The Role of E3, E4 Ubiquitin Ligase (UBE4B) in Human Pathologies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010062. [PMID: 31878315 PMCID: PMC7017255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome is exposed daily to many deleterious factors. Ubiquitination is a mechanism that regulates several crucial cellular functions, allowing cells to react upon various stimuli in order to preserve their homeostasis. Ubiquitin ligases act as specific regulators and actively participate among others in the DNA damage response (DDR) network. UBE4B is a newly identified member of E3 ubiquitin ligases that appears to be overexpressed in several human neoplasms. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the role of UBE4B ubiquitin ligase in DDR and its association with p53 expression, shedding light particularly on the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Antoniou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Dimitrios Ilias Balourdas
- Department of Pharmacy, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (D.I.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Michail Nikolaou
- General Maternal Hospital of Athens “Elena Venizelou”, GR-11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Papalampros
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis V. S. Vasileiou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- Department of Pharmacy, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (D.I.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (V.G.G.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2350 (V.G.G.)
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (V.G.G.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2350 (V.G.G.)
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13
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Shirjang S, Mansoori B, Asghari S, Duijf PHG, Mohammadi A, Gjerstorff M, Baradaran B. MicroRNAs in cancer cell death pathways: Apoptosis and necroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 139:1-15. [PMID: 31102709 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To protect tissues and the organism from disease, potentially harmful cells are removed through programmed cell death processes, including apoptosis and necroptosis. These types of cell death are critically controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are short RNA molecules that target and inhibit expression of many cellular regulators, including those controlling programmed cell death via the intrinsic (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1), extrinsic (TRAIL and Fas), p53-and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptotic pathways, as well as the necroptosis cell death pathway. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of apoptosis and necroptosis pathways and how these are impaired in cancer cells. We focus on how miRNAs disrupt apoptosis and necroptosis, thereby critically contributing to malignancy. Understanding which and how miRNAs and their targets affect cell death pathways could open up novel therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients. Indeed, restoration of pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor miRNAs (apoptomiRs) or inhibition of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) represent strategies that are currently being trialed or are already applied as miRNA-based cancer therapies. Therefore, better understanding the cancer type-specific expression of apoptomiRs and oncomiRs and their underlying mechanisms in cell death pathways will not only advance our knowledge, but also continue to provide new opportunities to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Shirjang
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Samira Asghari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Weng C, Chen Y, Wu Y, Liu X, Mao H, Fang X, Li B, Wang L, Guan M, Liu G, Lu L, Yuan Y. Silencing UBE4B induces nasopharyngeal carcinoma apoptosis through the activation of caspase3 and p53. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2553-2561. [PMID: 31040698 PMCID: PMC6459139 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s196132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The human ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) gene is frequently amplified in some solid cancers. However, the role of UBE4B in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not yet been investigated. Methods Firstly, we analyzed the expression of UBE4B in NPC samples using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. After knocking down UBE4B using small interfering RNA technology, the functions of UBE4B on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle, as well as underlying mechanism, were investigated. Results Compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, both protein and mRNA levels of UBE4B were much higher in most NPC cancerous specimens. Deficiency of UBE4B could significantly inhibit tumor cell growth and induce cell apoptosis. Knocking down UBE4B could promote the expression of cleaved caspase3 and p53, and inhibition of caspase3 could prevent cell apoptosis induced by the deficiency of UBE4B. Conclusion These results indicate that expression of UBE4B was higher in most NPC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumoral tissues, and that knockdown of UBE4B inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis in NPC cells. This process was regulated by the activation of caspase3 and p53. Thus, UBE4B gene might act as a potential molecular target to develop novel strategy for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyin Weng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Haibo Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xisheng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Baoxiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mingmei Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guolong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, People's Republic of China,
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15
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MicroRNA-1301 suppresses tumor cell migration and invasion by targeting the p53/UBE4B pathway in multiple human cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 401:20-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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UBE4B targets phosphorylated p53 at serines 15 and 392 for degradation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2823-36. [PMID: 26673821 PMCID: PMC4823074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of p53 is a key mechanism responsible for the activation of its tumor suppressor functions in response to various stresses. In unstressed cells, p53 is rapidly turned over and is maintained at a low basal level. After DNA damage or other forms of cellular stress, the p53 level increases, and the protein becomes metabolically stable. However, the mechanism of phosphorylated p53 regulation is unclear. In this study, we studied the kinetics of UBE4B, Hdm2, Pirh2, Cop1 and CHIP induction in response to p53 activation. We show that UBE4B coimmunoprecipitates with phosphorylated p53 at serines 15 and 392. Notably, the affinity between UBE4B and Hdm2 is greatly decreased after DNA damage. Furthermore, we observe that UBE4B promotes endogenous phospho-p53(S15) and phospho-p53(S392) degradation in response to IR. We demonstrate that UBE4B and Hdm2 repress p53S15A, p53S392A, and p53-2A(S15A, S392A) functions, including p53-dependent transactivation and growth inhibition. Overall, our results reveal that UBE4B plays an important role in regulating phosphorylated p53 following DNA damage.
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17
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Aarabi M, San Gabriel MC, Chan D, Behan NA, Caron M, Pastinen T, Bourque G, MacFarlane AJ, Zini A, Trasler J. High-dose folic acid supplementation alters the human sperm methylome and is influenced by the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6301-13. [PMID: 26307085 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary folate is a major source of methyl groups required for DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that is actively maintained and remodeled during spermatogenesis. While high-dose folic acid supplementation (up to 10 times the daily recommended dose) has been shown to improve sperm parameters in infertile men, the effects of supplementation on the sperm epigenome are unknown. To assess the impact of 6 months of high-dose folic acid supplementation on the sperm epigenome, we studied 30 men with idiopathic infertility. Blood folate concentrations increased significantly after supplementation with no significant improvements in sperm parameters. Methylation levels of the differentially methylated regions of several imprinted loci (H19, DLK1/GTL2, MEST, SNRPN, PLAGL1, KCNQ1OT1) were normal both before and after supplementation. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) revealed a significant global loss of methylation across different regions of the sperm genome. The most marked loss of DNA methylation was found in sperm from patients homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism, a common polymorphism in a key enzyme required for folate metabolism. RRBS analysis also showed that most of the differentially methylated tiles were located in DNA repeats, low CpG-density and intergenic regions. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that methylation of promoter regions was altered in several genes involved in cancer and neurobehavioral disorders including CBFA2T3, PTPN6, COL18A1, ALDH2, UBE4B, ERBB2, GABRB3, CNTNAP4 and NIPA1. Our data reveal alterations of the human sperm epigenome associated with high-dose folic acid supplementation, effects that were exacerbated by a common polymorphism in MTHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aarabi
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Maria C San Gabriel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Donovan Chan
- Montreal Children's Hospital and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Nathalie A Behan
- Nutrition Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9 and
| | - Maxime Caron
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A4
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A4
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A4
| | | | - Armand Zini
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1
| | - Jacquetta Trasler
- Department of Human Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1, Montreal Children's Hospital and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1,
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18
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Correction: regulation of p53 level by UBE4B in breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125136. [PMID: 25875638 PMCID: PMC4395164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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19
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Periz G, Lu J, Zhang T, Kankel MW, Jablonski AM, Kalb R, McCampbell A, Wang J. Regulation of protein quality control by UBE4B and LSD1 through p53-mediated transcription. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002114. [PMID: 25837623 PMCID: PMC4383508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control is essential for clearing misfolded and aggregated proteins from the cell, and its failure is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we identify two genes, ufd-2 and spr-5, that when inactivated, synergistically and robustly suppress neurotoxicity associated with misfolded proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of human orthologs ubiquitination factor E4 B (UBE4B) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), respectively encoding a ubiquitin ligase and a lysine-specific demethylase, promotes the clearance of misfolded proteins in mammalian cells by activating both proteasomal and autophagic degradation machineries. An unbiased search in this pathway reveals a downstream effector as the transcription factor p53, a shared substrate of UBE4B and LSD1 that functions as a key regulator of protein quality control to protect against proteotoxicity. These studies identify a new protein quality control pathway via regulation of transcription factors and point to the augmentation of protein quality control as a wide-spectrum antiproteotoxicity strategy. A new protein quality control regulatory pathway is identified in which a ubiquitin ligase and a lysine-specific demethylase act together on the transcription factor p53 to control protein degradation systems. To function properly, proteins must assume their correct three-dimensional shapes. There are numerous mechanisms within the cell, collectively referred to as protein quality control (PQC), that verify proper folding. If abnormal folding is detected, PQC can either help the protein to refold or target it for degradation. Failures in protein folding and PQC lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which often self-associate into large aggregations that are thought to be the underlying cause of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we use the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to understand how cells handle disease-associated misfolded proteins. In a large-scale genetic screen, we discovered two suppressor genes, ufd-2 and spr-5, which encode a ubiquitin ligase and a lysine-specific demethylase, respectively. When these two proteins are inactivated, we observe a marked reduction in the toxicity of several misfolded proteins. ufd-2 and spr-5 are conserved in humans (UBE4B and LSD1, respectively), as are their effects on misfolded proteins. We show that UBE4B and LSD1 regulate the activity of protein degradation machineries including the proteasome and autophagosomes. Using microarrays and biochemical analyses, we identify p53 as a key downstream transcription factor that mediates the action of UBE4B and LSD1 on protein clearance. This work establishes p53 as a regulator of proteome integrity and uncovers a new protein quality control pathway that could potentially be exploited to increase the degradation of misfolded proteins in diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Periz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Neuroscience, Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiayin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Neuroscience, Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Neuroscience, Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Kankel
- Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Jablonski
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert Kalb
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Jiou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Neuroscience, Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Martin DDO, Ladha S, Ehrnhoefer DE, Hayden MR. Autophagy in Huntington disease and huntingtin in autophagy. Trends Neurosci 2014; 38:26-35. [PMID: 25282404 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important biological process that is essential for the removal of damaged organelles and toxic or aggregated proteins by delivering them to the lysosome for degradation. Consequently, autophagy has become a primary target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that involve aggregating proteins. In Huntington disease (HD), an expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the N-terminus of the huntingtin (HTT) protein leads to protein aggregation. However, HD is unique among the neurodegenerative proteinopathies in that autophagy is not only dysfunctional but wild type (wt) HTT also appears to play several roles in regulating the dynamics of autophagy. Herein, we attempt to integrate the recently described novel roles of wtHTT and altered autophagy in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale D O Martin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Safia Ladha
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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