1
|
Kościelecka K, Kuć A, Kubik-Machura D, Męcik-Kronenberg T, Włodarek J, Radko L. Endocrine Effect of Some Mycotoxins on Humans: A Clinical Review of the Ways to Mitigate the Action of Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:515. [PMID: 37755941 PMCID: PMC10535190 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp., which are commonly found in the environment, pose a serious global health problem. This study aims to present the results of epidemiological studies, including clinical cases, on the relationship between human exposure to some mycotoxins, especially zearalenone and aflatoxin, and the occurrence of reproductive disorders. In addition, examples of methods to reduce human exposure to mycotoxins are presented. In March 2023, various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science) were systematically searched using Google Chrome to identify studies evaluating the association between exposure to mycotoxins and the occurrence of complications related to impaired fertility or cancer incidence. The analysed data indicate that exposure to the evaluated mycotoxins is widespread and correlates strongly with precocious puberty, reduced fertility and increased cancer incidence in women and men worldwide. There is evidence to suggest that exposure to the Aspergillus mycotoxin aflatoxin (AF) during pregnancy can impair intrauterine foetal growth, promote neonatal jaundice and cause perinatal death and preterm birth. In contrast, exposure to the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) leads to precocious sexual development, infertility, the development of malformations and the development of breast cancer. Unfortunately, the development of methods (biological, chemical or physical) to completely eliminate exposure to mycotoxins has limited practical application. The threat to human health from mycotoxins is real and further research is needed to improve our knowledge and specific public health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kościelecka
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, 3 Maja St. 13, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.); (D.K.-M.)
| | - Aleksandra Kuć
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, 3 Maja St. 13, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.); (D.K.-M.)
| | - Daria Kubik-Machura
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, 3 Maja St. 13, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.); (D.K.-M.)
| | - Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, 3 Maja St. 13, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.); (D.K.-M.)
| | - Jan Włodarek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska St. 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Lidia Radko
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska St. 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comparative Analysis of Transcriptomic Changes including mRNA and microRNA Expression Induced by the Xenoestrogens Zearalenone and Bisphenol A in Human Ovarian Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020140. [PMID: 36828454 PMCID: PMC9967916 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are natural or synthetic compounds that mimic the effect of endogenous estrogens and might cause cancer. We aimed to compare the global transcriptomic response to zearalenone (ZEA; mycotoxin) and bisphenol A (BPA; plastic additive) with the effect of physiological estradiol (E2) in the PEO1 human ovarian cell line by mRNA and microRNA sequencing. Estrogen exposure induced remarkable transcriptomic changes: 308, 288 and 63 genes were upregulated (log2FC > 1); 292, 260 and 45 genes were downregulated (log2FC < -1) in response to E2 (10 nM), ZEA (10 nM) and BPA (100 nM), respectively. Furthermore, the expression of 13, 11 and 10 miRNAs changed significantly (log2FC > 1, or log2FC < -1) after exposure to E2, ZEA and BPA, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of the significantly differentially expressed genes and miRNAs revealed several pathways related to the regulation of cell proliferation and migration. The effect of E2 and ZEA was highly comparable: 407 genes were coregulated by these molecules. We could identify 83 genes that were regulated by all three treatments that might have a significant role in the estrogen response of ovarian cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of several miRNAs (miR-501-5p, let-7a-2-3p, miR-26a-2-3p, miR-197-5p and miR-582-3p) was confirmed by qPCR, which might support the proliferative effect of estrogens in ovarian cells.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai J, Li J, Liu N, Jia H, Si X, Zhou Y, Zhai Z, Yang Y, Ren F, Wu Z. Zearalenone induces apoptosis and autophagy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling in porcine trophectoderm cells. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:186-199. [PMID: 36712409 PMCID: PMC9851881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to Fusarium species in foods and feeds, causes a serious hazard to humans and animals. Numerous studies have revealed that ingesting ZEA can disrupt the reproductive function and impair the reproductive process in animals. This experiment was to investigate the toxicological effect and the mechanism of ZEA exposure on reproduction in pigs during early stages of pregnancy. In the present study, we treated with 0 to 80 μmol/L ZEA for 12 or 24 h in trophoblast ectoderm (pTr) cells. The results showed that ZEA had significantly decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by DNA damage-related cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, activation of the apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as impairment of barrier function (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that exposure to ZEA can activation of autophagy in pTr cells. Importantly, pretreatment with chloroquine (CQ) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) led to increased apoptosis in pTr cells. Interestingly, pTr cells pretreated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an inhibitor of ER stress, resulted in reduced cell death in pTr cells, indicating a critical role for ER stress in the activation of autophagy. In conclusion, these results reveal that ZEA-triggered ER stress is critical for the cell fate decision of pTr cells during early porcine embryonic development. Application of small molecules with ability of blocking ER stress might be therapeutic option to reduce the deleterious effect of ZEA in pregnant animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuemeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yusong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zearalenone Promotes LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Accelerates Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810925. [PMID: 36142835 PMCID: PMC9500836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both zearalenone (ZEA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce oxidative stress, and even apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), but not much attention has been given to the synergistic effect of ZEA and LPS. In this study, we treated MAC-T cells with different concentrations of LPS (1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and ZEA (5, 15, and 30 μM) to induce cell damage. Previous results show that MAC-T cell viability decreases with increasing LPS concentration. Meanwhile, 1 µg/mL LPS and ZEA were selected for combined treatment in subsequent studies. It was found that co-treatment with ZEA and LPS increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduces glutathione (GSH). ZEA and LPS are found to activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). It increases cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), indicated by up-regulation of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and Cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinases 3 (caspase-3) expression. The above results suggest that the synergistic effect of ZEA and LPS aggravate cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sečnik A, Štajner N, Radišek S, Kunej U, Križman M, Jakše J. Cytosine Methylation in Genomic DNA and Characterization of DNA Methylases and Demethylases and Their Expression Profiles in Viroid-Infected Hop Plants ( Humulus lupulus Var. 'Celeia'). Cells 2022; 11:cells11162592. [PMID: 36010668 PMCID: PMC9406385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses can lead to changes in host DNA methylation, which in plants is also mediated by an RNA-directed DNA methylation mechanism. Infections with viroids have been shown to affect DNA methylation dynamics in different plant hosts. The aim of our research was to determine the content of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in genomic DNA at the whole genome level of hop plants (Humulus lupulus Var. 'Celeia') infected with different viroids and their combinations and to analyse the expression of the selected genes to improve our understanding of DNA methylation dynamics in plant-viroid systems. The adapted HPLC-UV method used proved to be suitable for this purpose, and thus we were able to estimate for the first time that the cytosine methylation level in viroid-free hop plants was 26.7%. Interestingly, the observed 5-mC level was the lowest in hop plants infected simultaneously with CBCVd, HLVd and HSVd (23.7%), whereas the highest level was observed in plants infected with HLVd (31.4%). In addition, we identified three DNA methylases and one DNA demethylase gene in the hop's draft genome. The RT-qPCR revealed upregulation of all newly identified genes in hop plants infected with all three viroids, while no altered expression was observed in any of the other hop plants tested, except for CBCVd-infected hop plants, in which one DNA methylase was also upregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Sečnik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Štajner
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Radišek
- Plant Protection Department, Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, 3310 Žalec, Slovenia
| | - Urban Kunej
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Križman
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jakše
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-3203280
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng YQ, Zhao AH, Wang JJ, Tian Y, Yan ZH, Dri M, Shen W, De Felici M, Li L. Oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for zearalenone to induce genome toxicity. Gene 2022; 829:146511. [PMID: 35447234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a common non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin of the Fusarium genus, is one of the most frequent and powerful contaminant of grains and cereal products representing a serious threat for people and livestock health. In fact, ZEN causes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a variety of cell types at least in part through binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). The main pathways through which ZEN induces such effects remain, however, elusive. In particular, how the mycotoxin causes DNA damage, dysregulates DNA repair mechanisms, changes epigenome of targeted cells and, not least, affects chromatin conformation and non-coding RNA (ncRNA), is unclear. In the present paper, following extensive review of the literature about such ZEN effects and our own experience in studying the effects of this compound on reproductive processes, we propose that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently oxidative stress (OS) are central in ZEN genotoxicity. Besides to shed light on the action mechanisms of the mycotoxin, this notion might help to develop effective strategies to counteract its deleterious biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ai-Hong Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pailla SR, Sampathi S, Junnuthula V, Maddukuri S, Dodoala S, Dyawanapelly S. Brain-Targeted Intranasal Delivery of Zotepine Microemulsion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050978. [PMID: 35631564 PMCID: PMC9145021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to improve the solubility, bioavailability, and efficacy of zotepine (ZTP) by brain-targeted intranasal delivery of microemulsion (ME) and its physicochemical properties, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were evaluated. The optimized ME formulations contain 10% w/w of oil (Capmul MCM C8, monoglycerides, and diglycerides of caprylic acid), 50% w/w of Smix (Labrasol and Transcutol HP, and 40% w/w of water resulting in a globule size of 124.6 ±3.52 nm with low polydispersity index (PDI) (0.212 ± 0.013) and 2.8-fold higher permeation coefficient through porcine nasal mucosa compared to pure drug. In vitro cell line studies on RPMI 2650, Beas-2B, and Neuro-2A revealed ZTP-ME as safe. ZTP-ME administered intranasally showed higher AUC0-t24 (18.63 ± 1.33 h x µg/g) in the brain by approximately 4.3-fold than oral ME (4.30 ± 0.92 h × µg/g) and 7.7-fold than intravenous drug solutions (2.40 ± 0.36 h × µg/g). In vivo anti-schizophrenic activity was conducted using catalepsy test scores, the formulation showed better efficacy via the intranasal route; furthermore, there was no inflammation or hemorrhage in the nasal cavity. The results concluded that the ZTP microemulsion as a safe and effective strategy could greatly enhance brain distribution by intranasal administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sravanthi Reddy Pailla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India;
| | - Sunitha Sampathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India;
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India;
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (V.J.); (S.D.)
| | - Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (V.J.); (S.D.)
| | - Sravya Maddukuri
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India;
| | - Sujatha Dodoala
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati 517502, India;
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (V.J.); (S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng YQ, Wang JJ, Li MH, Tian Y, Zhao AH, Li L, De Felici M, Shen W. Impaired primordial follicle assembly in offspring ovaries from zearalenone-exposed mothers involves reduced mitochondrial activity and altered epigenetics in oocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:258. [PMID: 35469021 PMCID: PMC11071983 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous works have shown that zearalenone (ZEA), as an estrogenic pollutant, has adverse effects on mammalian folliculogenesis. In the present study, we found that prolonged exposure of female mice to ZEA around the end of pregnancy caused severe impairment of primordial follicle formation in the ovaries of newborn mice and altered the expression of many genes in oocytes as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). These changes were associated with morphological and molecular alterations of mitochondria, increased autophagic markers in oocytes, and epigenetic changes in the ovaries of newborn mice from ZEA-exposed mothers. The latter increased expression of HDAC2 deacetylases was leading to decreased levels of H3K9ac and H4K12ac. Most of these modifications were relieved when the expression of Hdac2 in newborn ovaries was reduced by RNA interference during in vitro culture in the presence of ZEA. Such changes were also alleviated in offspring ovaries from mothers treated with both ZEA and the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is known to be able to restore mitochondrial activities. We concluded that impaired mitochondrial activities in oocytes caused by ZEA are at the origin of metabolic alterations that modify the expression of genes controlling autophagy and primordial follicle assembly through changes in epigenetic histones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ming-Hao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ai-Hong Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monitoring Seasonal Differences on Contamination and Carry-over of Zearalenone from Feedstuffs to Foods by Molecularly Imprinted Solid-phase Extraction and HPLC-FLD. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Zhu L, Yuhan J, Huang K, He X, Liang Z, Xu W. Multidimensional analysis of the epigenetic alterations in toxicities induced by mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112251. [PMID: 33961929 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins contaminate all types of food and feed, threatening human and animal health through food chain accumulation, producing various toxic effects. Increasing attention is being focused on the molecular mechanism of mycotoxin-induced toxicity in all kinds of in vivo and in vitro models. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), were identified as being involved in various types of mycotoxin-induced toxicity. In this review, the emphasis was on summarizing the epigenetic alterations induced by mycotoxin, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and deoxynivalenol (DON). This review summarized and analyzed the roles of DNA methylation, ncRNAs, and protein PTMs after mycotoxin exposure based on recently published papers. Moreover, the main research methods and their deficiencies were determined, while some remedial suggestions are proposed. In summary, this review helps to understand better the epigenetic alterations induced by the non-genotoxic effects of mycotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jieyu Yuhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yadav S, Longkumer I, Joshi S, Saraswathy KN. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism, global DNA methylation and blood pressure: a population based study from North India. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:59. [PMID: 33639933 PMCID: PMC7912464 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a complex disorder affected by gene-environment interactions. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is one of the genes in One Carbon Metabolic (OCM) pathway that affects both blood pressure and epigenetic phenomenon. MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism leads to reduced methylation capacity via increased homocysteine concentrations. Global DNA methylation (5mC%) also gets affected in conditions such as hypertension. However, no study is found to understand hypertension in terms of both genetics and epigenetics. The present study aims to understand the relation between methylation, MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and hypertension. It also tries to understand relation (if any) between methylation and anti-hypertensive drugs. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study where data were collected from a total of 1634 individuals of either sex in age group 35-65 years. Hypertensives (SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg) (on treatment/not on treatment) and absolute controls were 236 (cases) and 307 (controls), respectively. All the samples were subjected to MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism screening (PCR-RFLP) and global DNA methylation assay (ELISA based colorimetric assay). Results of both the analyses were obtained on 218 cases, 263 controls. RESULTS Median 5mC% was relatively lower among cases (p > 0.05) compared to controls, despite controlling for confounders (age, sex, smoking, alcohol, diet) (r2-0.92, p-0.08). Cases not on medication had significantly reduced 5mC% compared to controls (p < 0.05), despite adjusting for confounders (r2-0.857, p-0.01). Among cases (irrespective of treatment), there was a significant variation in 5mC% across the three genotypes i.e. CC, CT and TT, with no such variation among controls. Cases (not on medication) with TT genotype had significantly lower methylation levels compared to the TT genotype controls and cases (on medication) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Global DNA hypomethylation seems to be associated with hypertension and antihypertensive drugs seem to improve methylation. Hypertensive individuals with TT genotype but not on medication are more likely to be prone to global DNA hypomethylation. Important precursors in OCM pathway include micronutrients such as vitamin B-12, B-9 and B-6; their nutritional interventions (either dietary or supplement) may serve as strategies to prevent hypertension at population level. However, more epidemiological-longitudinal studies are needed for further validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | | | - Shipra Joshi
- Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust-MANT, Kolkata, West Bengal 700078 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghazi T, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Fusaric acid decreases p53 expression by altering promoter methylation and m6A RNA methylation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Epigenetics 2021; 16:79-91. [PMID: 32631113 PMCID: PMC7889137 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1788324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) is a food-borne mycotoxin that mediates toxicity with limited information on its epigenetic properties. p53 is a tumour suppressor protein that regulates cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. The expression of p53 is regulated transcriptionally by promoter methylation and post-transcriptionally by N-6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation. We investigated the effect of FA on p53 expression and its epigenetic regulation via promoter methylation and m6A RNA methylation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. HepG2 cells were treated with FA [0, 25, 50, 104, and 150 µg/ml; 24 h] and thereafter, DNA, RNA, and protein was isolated. Promoter methylation and expression of p53 was measured using qPCR and Western blot. RNA immuno-precipitation was used to determine m6A-p53 levels. The expression of m6A methyltransferases (METTL3 and METTL14), demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and readers (YTHDF1-3 and YTHDC2) were measured using qPCR. FA induced p53 promoter hypermethylation (p < 0.0001) and decreased p53 expression (p < 0.0001). FA decreased m6A-p53 levels (p < 0.0001) by decreasing METTL3 (p < 0.0001) and METTL14 (p < 0.0001); and suppressed expression of YTHDF1 (p < 0.0001), YTHDF3 (p < 0.0001), and YTHDC2 (p < 0.0001) that ultimately reduced p53 translation (p < 0.0001). Taken together, the data shows that FA epigenetically decreased p53 expression by altering its promoter methylation and m6A RNA methylation in HepG2 cells. This study reveals a mechanism for p53 regulation by FA and provides insight into future therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghazi T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Chuturgoon AA. The Impact of Natural Dietary Compounds and Food-Borne Mycotoxins on DNA Methylation and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E2004. [PMID: 32878338 PMCID: PMC7565866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns are considered a hallmark of cancer. The human diet is a source of micronutrients, bioactive molecules, and mycotoxins that have the ability to alter DNA methylation patterns and are thus a contributing factor for both the prevention and onset of cancer. Micronutrients such as betaine, choline, folate, and methionine serve as cofactors or methyl donors for one-carbon metabolism and other DNA methylation reactions. Dietary bioactive compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane reactivate essential tumor suppressor genes by reversing aberrant DNA methylation patterns, and therefore, they have shown potential against various cancers. In contrast, fungi-contaminated agricultural foods are a source of potent mycotoxins that induce carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on dietary micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food-borne mycotoxins that affect DNA methylation patterns and identify their potential in the onset and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (T.A.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghazi T, Nagiah S, Dhani S, Chuturgoon AA. Fusaric acid-induced epigenetic modulation of hepatic H3K9me3 triggers apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Epigenomics 2020; 12:955-972. [PMID: 32762452 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the effect of the food-borne mycotoxin, fusaric acid (FA) on miR-200a, SUV39H1-mediated H3K9me3, genome integrity and apoptosis in human liver (HepG2) cells and C57BL/6 mice livers. Materials & methods: MiR-200a, Sirt1, SUV39H1-mediated H3K9me3, genome integrity and apoptosis was measured in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6 mice livers using qPCR, western blot, DNA electrophoresis and luminometry. Results: FA: upregulated miR-200a and decreased Sirt1 expression in HepG2 cells and mice livers; decreased expression of SUV39H1 and KDM4B, thus decreasing H3K9me3 and increasing H3K9me1; increased cell mortality via apoptosis. Conclusion: FA induced apoptosis by upregulating miR-200a and decreasing SUV39H1-mediated H3K9me3 in HepG2 cells and mice livers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry & Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry & Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Shanel Dhani
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry & Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry & Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schweitzer KS, Jinawath N, Yonescu R, Ni K, Rush N, Charoensawan V, Bronova I, Berdyshev E, Leach SM, Gillenwater LA, Bowler RP, Pearse DB, Griffin CA, Petrache I. IGSF3 mutation identified in patient with severe COPD alters cell function and motility. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138101. [PMID: 32573489 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) and genetic susceptibility determine the risk for development, progression, and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). We posited that an incidental balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation was linked to a patient's risk of severe COPD. We determined that 46,XX,t(1;4)(p13.1;q34.3) caused a breakpoint in the immunoglobulin superfamily member 3 (IGSF3) gene, with markedly decreased expression. Examination of COPDGene cohort identified 14 IGSF3 SNPs, of which rs1414272 and rs12066192 were directly and rs6703791 inversely associated with COPD severity, including COPD exacerbations. We confirmed that IGSF3 is a tetraspanin-interacting protein that colocalized with CD9 and integrin B1 in tetraspanin-enriched domains. IGSF3-deficient patient-derived lymphoblastoids exhibited multiple alterations in gene expression, especially in the unfolded protein response and ceramide pathways. IGSF3-deficient lymphoblastoids had high ceramide and sphingosine-1 phosphate but low glycosphingolipids and ganglioside levels, and they were less apoptotic and more adherent, with marked changes in multiple TNFRSF molecules. Similarly, IGSF3 knockdown increased ceramide in lung structural cells, rendering them more adherent, with impaired wound repair and weakened barrier function. These findings suggest that, by maintaining sphingolipid and membrane receptor homeostasis, IGSF3 is required for cell mobility-mediated lung injury repair. IGSF3 deficiency may increase susceptibility to CS-induced lung injury in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Schweitzer
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, and.,Integrative Computational Bioscience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Raluca Yonescu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Ni
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Natalia Rush
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Integrative Computational Bioscience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irina Bronova
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Russel P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David B Pearse
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Constance A Griffin
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, and
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fu Y, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Shan A, Fang H, Shen J, Zhou C, Yu H, Zhou YF, Wang X, Wang J, Li R, Wang R, Zhang J. Zearalenone induces apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10543-10553. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
17
|
Wang X, Jiang L, Shi L, Yao K, Sun X, Yang G, Jiang L, Zhang C, Wang N, Zhang H, Wang Y, Liu X. Zearalenone induces NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis via activation of NF-κB modulated by autophagy in INS-1 cells. Toxicology 2019; 428:152304. [PMID: 31586597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the mycotoxins widely found in food and feed, can stimulate an inflammatory reaction. In the present study, we demonstrated that ZEA induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome even pyroptotic cell death in rat Insulinoma Cell Line (INS-1). Meanwhile, according to the results of western blot and TEM, the level of autophagy was elevated by ZEA, which protected against the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory response caused by ZEA. Furthermore, we indicated that ZEA-induced NF-κB p65 activation contributed to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammatory response, and pyroptosis in INS-1 cells, which were indicated by western blot and immunofluorescence, and the activation of NF-κB p65 induced by ZEA was autophagy-dependent. This study demonstrates that ZEA induces NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis via activation of NF-κB modulated by autophagy in INS-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Teaching Affairs, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Limin Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University. No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Afliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Chaoyang, No. 26, Chaoyang street of the twin towers, Chaoyang, 122000, PR China.
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rai A, Das M, Tripathi A. Occurrence and toxicity of a fusarium mycotoxin, zearalenone. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2710-2729. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1655388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Rai
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Mukul Das
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghazi T, Nagiah S, Naidoo P, Chuturgoon AA. Fusaric acid-induced promoter methylation of DNA methyltransferases triggers DNA hypomethylation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Epigenetics 2019; 14:804-817. [PMID: 31060424 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1615358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA), a mycotoxin contaminant of maize, displays toxicity in plants and animals; however, its epigenetic mechanism is unknown. DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs; DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and demethylases (MBD2). The expression of DNMTs and demethylases are regulated by promoter methylation, microRNAs (miR-29b) and post-translational modifications (ubiquitination). Alterations in these DNA methylation modifying enzymes affect DNA methylation patterns and offer novel mechanisms of FA toxicity. We determined the effect of FA on global DNA methylation as well as a mechanism of FA-induced changes in DNA methylation by transcriptional (promoter methylation), post-transcriptional (miR-29b) and post-translational (ubiquitination) regulation of DNMTs and MBD2 in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. FA induced global DNA hypomethylation (p < 0.0001) in HepG2 cells. FA decreased the mRNA and protein expression of DNMT1 (p < 0.0001), DNMT3A (p < 0.0001), and DNMT3B (p < 0.0001) by upregulating miR-29b (p < 0.0001) and inducing promoter hypermethylation of DNMT1 (p < 0.0001) and DNMT3B (p < 0.0001). FA decreased the ubiquitination of DNMT1 (p = 0.0753), DNMT3A (p = 0.0008), and DNMT3B (p < 0.0001) by decreasing UHRF1 (p < 0.0001) and USP7 (p < 0.0001). FA also induced MBD2 promoter hypomethylation (p < 0.0001) and increased MBD2 expression (p < 0.0001). Together these results indicate that FA induces global DNA hypomethylation by altering DNMT promoter methylation, upregulating miR-29b, and increasing MBD2 in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terisha Ghazi
- a Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences , Howard College Campus, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- a Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences , Howard College Campus, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Pragalathan Naidoo
- a Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences , Howard College Campus, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- a Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences , Howard College Campus, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal , Durban , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of zearalenone and its derivatives on the synthesis and secretion of mammalian sex steroid hormones: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:262-276. [PMID: 30825585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a non-steroidal estrogen mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium fungi, can be metabolized into many other derivatives by microorganisms, plants, animals and humans. It can affect mammalian reproductive capability by impacting the synthesis and secretion of sex hormones, including testosterone, estradiol and progesterone. This review summarizes the mechanisms in which ZEA and its derivatives disturb the synthesis and secretion of sex steroid hormones. Because of its structural analogy to estrogen, ZEA and its derivatives can exert a variety of estrogen-like effects and engage in estrogen negative feedback regulation, which can result in mediating the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pituitary gland. ZEA and its derivatives can ultimately reduce the number of Leydig cells and granulosa cells by inducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and cell regeneration delay. Additionally, they can disrupt the mitochondrial structure and influence mitochondrial functions through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aberrant autophagy signaling ways. Finally, ZEA and its derivatives can disturb the expressions and activities of the related steroidogenic enzymes through cross talking between membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang D, Cui L, Sajid A, Zainab F, Wu Q, Wang X, Yuan Z. The epigenetic mechanisms in Fusarium mycotoxins induced toxicities. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:595-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
22
|
Tutino VM, Poppenberg KE, Li L, Shallwani H, Jiang K, Jarvis JN, Sun Y, Snyder KV, Levy EI, Siddiqui AH, Kolega J, Meng H. Biomarkers from circulating neutrophil transcriptomes have potential to detect unruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Transl Med 2018; 16:373. [PMID: 30593281 PMCID: PMC6310942 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are dangerous because of their potential to rupture and cause deadly subarachnoid hemorrhages. Previously, we found significant RNA expression differences in circulating neutrophils between patients with unruptured IAs and aneurysm-free controls. Searching for circulating biomarkers for unruptured IAs, we tested the feasibility of developing classification algorithms that use neutrophil RNA expression levels from blood samples to predict the presence of an IA. METHODS Neutrophil RNA extracted from blood samples from 40 patients (20 with angiography-confirmed unruptured IA, 20 angiography-confirmed IA-free controls) was subjected to next-generation RNA sequencing to obtain neutrophil transcriptomes. In a randomly-selected training cohort of 30 of the 40 samples (15 with IA, 15 controls), we performed differential expression analysis. Significantly differentially expressed transcripts (false discovery rate < 0.05, fold change ≥ 1.5) were used to construct prediction models for IA using four well-known supervised machine-learning approaches (diagonal linear discriminant analysis, cosine nearest neighbors, nearest shrunken centroids, and support vector machines). These models were tested in a testing cohort of the remaining 10 neutrophil samples from the 40 patients (5 with IA, 5 controls), and model performance was assessed by receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to corroborate expression differences of a subset of model transcripts in neutrophil samples from a new, separate validation cohort of 10 patients (5 with IA, 5 controls). RESULTS The training cohort yielded 26 highly significantly differentially expressed neutrophil transcripts. Models using these transcripts identified IA patients in the testing cohort with accuracy ranging from 0.60 to 0.90. The best performing model was the diagonal linear discriminant analysis classifier (area under the ROC curve = 0.80 and accuracy = 0.90). Six of seven differentially expressed genes we tested were confirmed by quantitative PCR using isolated neutrophils from the separate validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the potential of machine-learning methods to classify IA cases and create predictive models for unruptured IAs using circulating neutrophil transcriptome data. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings in larger cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M. Tutino
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Kerry E. Poppenberg
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Hussain Shallwani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Kaiyu Jiang
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - James N. Jarvis
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Kenneth V. Snyder
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Elad I. Levy
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Adnan H. Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - John Kolega
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Hui Meng
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rastegar L, Mighani H, Ghassempour A. A comparison and column selection of Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for detection of DNA methylation. Anal Biochem 2018; 557:123-130. [PMID: 30030996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (5mC) is an epigenetic mark which has a profound effect on various fundamental processes in cells. In present study, at first Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) was compared with Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) based on their selectivity (α), retention factor (k), and resolution (R) for cytosine (C) and 5mC nucleobases. We tried to justify the separation mechanism on the basis of mobile phase and solute polarity, structural characterization of solute and stationary phases, log Do/w, and pka under both modes. Then, these two modes were compared in order to select the best column for measurement of methylation level in two real samples with less analytical complexity (i.e. animal and bacteria) and a highly complex sample (i.e. plant), after chemical hydrolysis of DNA. In this favor, diol and cyano (CN) columns in HILIC mode as well as C8 and C18 in RP-HPLC were investigated. Optimum separation and the best validation parameters were obtained for CN column with Limit of Detection (LOD) of 1.4 pmol and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 4.8 pmol for 5mC. When the CN column was used in HILIC-UV procedure, separation of 5mC and C bases was achieved in all types of hydrolyzed DNA solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rastegar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mighani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zearalenone Promotes Cell Proliferation or Causes Cell Death? Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10050184. [PMID: 29724047 PMCID: PMC5983240 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the mycotoxins, exerts different mechanisms of toxicity in different cell types at different doses. It can not only stimulate cell proliferation but also inhibit cell viability, induce cell apoptosis, and cause cell death. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarize the available mechanisms and current evidence of what is known about the cell proliferation or cell death induced by ZEA. An increasing number of studies have suggested that ZEA promoted cell proliferation attributing to its estrogen-like effects and carcinogenic properties. What’s more, many studies have indicated that ZEA caused cell death via affecting the distribution of the cell cycle, stimulating oxidative stress and inducing apoptosis. In addition, several studies have revealed that autophagy and some antioxidants can reverse the damage or cell death induced by ZEA. This review thoroughly summarized the metabolic process of ZEA and the molecular mechanisms of ZEA stimulating cell proliferation and cell death. It concluded that a low dose of ZEA can exert estrogen-like effects and carcinogenic properties, which can stimulate the proliferation of cells. While, in addition, a high dose of ZEA can cause cell death through inducing cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Brennan KM, Oh SY, Yiannikouris A, Graugnard DE, Karrow NA. Differential Gene Expression Analysis of Bovine Macrophages after Exposure to the Penicillium Mycotoxins Citrinin and/or Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110366. [PMID: 29137202 PMCID: PMC5705981 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by fungal species commonly contaminate livestock feedstuffs, jeopardizing their health and diminishing production. Citrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins produced by Penicillium spp. and commonly co-occur. Both CIT and OTA can modulate immune response by inhibiting cell proliferation and differentiation, altering cell metabolism, and triggering programmed cell death. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sublethal exposure (i.e., the concentration that inhibited cell proliferation by 25% (IC25)) to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA on the bovine macrophage transcriptome. Gene expression was determined using the Affymetrix Bovine Genome Array. After 6 h of exposure to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEG), respectively, was as follows: 1471 genes (822 up-regulated, 649 down-regulated), 5094 genes (2611 up-regulated, 2483 down-regulated) and 7624 genes (3984 up-regulated, 3640 down-regulated). Of these, 179 genes (88 up-regulated, 91 down-regulated) were commonly expressed between treatments. After 24 h of exposure to CIT, OTA or CIT + OTA the number of DEG, respectively, was as follows: 3230 genes (1631 up-regulated, 1599 down-regulated), 8558 genes (4167 up-regulated, 4391 down-regulated), and 10,927 genes (6284 up-regulated, 4643 down-regulated). Of these, 770 genes (247 up-regulated, 523 down-regulated) were commonly expressed between treatments. The categorization of common biological functions and pathway analysis suggests that the IC25 of both CIT and OTA, or their combination, induces cellular oxidative stress, a slowing of cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Collectively, these effects contribute to inhibiting bovine macrophage proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Brennan
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
| | - Daniel E Graugnard
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
| | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Optical biosensing strategies for DNA methylation analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:668-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Zearalenone as an endocrine disruptor in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:141-149. [PMID: 27771507 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a fungal mycotoxin, is present in a wide range of human foods. Many animal studies have found ZEA to possess a disruptive effect on the hormonal balance, mainly due to its similarity to naturally-occurring estrogens. With increasing consciousness of the adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on human health, it is becoming more important to monitor ZEA concentrations in food and identify its potential effects on human health. Based on a review of recent studies on animal models and molecular pathways in which ZEA is reported to have an influence on humans, we postulate that ZEA might act as an endocrine disruptor in humans in a similar way to animals. Moreover, its endocrine-disrupting effect might be also a causative factor in carcinogenesis. This review article summarizes the latest knowledge about the influence of ZEA on the human hormonal balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Dominika Ewa Habrowska-Górczyńska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Braicu C, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Jurj A, Gulei D, Taranu I, Gras AM, Marin DE, Berindan-Neagoe I. Microarray based gene expression analysis of Sus Scrofa duodenum exposed to zearalenone: significance to human health. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:646. [PMID: 27530161 PMCID: PMC4987992 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zearalenone (ZEA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium species. ZEA was proved to exert a wide range of unwanted side effects, but its mechanism of action, particularly at duodenum levels, remains unclear. In our study based on the microarray technology we assessed the alteration of gene expression pattern Sus scrofa duodenum which has been previously exposed to ZEA. Gene expression data was validated by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The gene expression data were further extrapolated the results to their human orthologues and analyzed the data in the context of human health using IPA (Ingenuity Pathways Analysis). Results Using Agilent microarray technology, we found that gene expression pattern was significantly affected by ZEA exposure, considering a 2-fold expression difference as a cut-off level and a p-value < 0.05. In total, we found 1576 upregulated and 2446 downregulated transcripts. About 1084 genes (764 downregulated and 751 overexpressed) were extrapolated to their human orthologues. IPA analysis showed various altered key cellular and molecular pathways. As expected, we observed a significant alteration of immune response related genes, MAPK (mitogen activate protein kinases) pathways or Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). What captured our attention was the modulation of pathways related to the activation of early carcinogenesis. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that ZEA has a complex effect at duodenum level. ZEA is able to activate not only the immune response related genes, but also those relate to colorectal carcinogenesis. The effects can be more dramatic when connected with the exposure to other environmental toxic agents or co-occurrence with different microorganisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2984-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, 401015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihail Gras
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, 401015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Braicu C, Selicean S, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Lajos R, Balacescu O, Taranu I, Marin DE, Motiu M, Jurj A, Achimas-Cadariu P, Berindan-Neagoe I. Evaluation of cellular and molecular impact of zearalenone and Escherichia coli co-exposure on IPEC-1 cells using microarray technology. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:576. [PMID: 27506675 PMCID: PMC4977621 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of toxin interaction, an interface between the organism and its surroundings. In this study, we assessed the alteration of intestinal mRNA profile in the case of co-occurrence of zearalenone (ZEA), a secondary Fusarium metabolite, and Escherichia coli (E. coli), on the intestinal porcine epithelial cells IPEC-1. We chose this model since the pig is a species which is susceptible to pathogen and mycotoxin co-exposure. Results After treating the cells with the two contaminants, either separately or in combination, the differential gene expression between groups was assessed, using the microarray technology. Data analysis identified 1691 upregulated and 797 downregulated genes as a response to E. coli exposure, while for ZEA treated cells, 303 genes were upregulated and 49 downregulated. The co-contamination led to 991 upregulated and 800 downregulated genes. The altered gene expression pattern was further classified into 8 functional groups. In the case of co-exposure to ZEA and E.coli, a clear increase of proinflammatory mechanisms. Conclusions These results demonstrate the complex effect of single or multiple contaminants exposure at cellular and molecular level, with significant implications that might lead to the activation of pathological mechanisms. A better understanding of the effects of co-contamination is mandatory in developing novel exposure regulations and prevention measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania
| | - Sonia Selicean
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania
| | - Raduly Lajos
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.,Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Monica Motiu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania
| | - Patriciu Achimas-Cadariu
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania. .,Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynaecological Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babeş Street, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, No. 23, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Romania. .,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii Street, No. 34-36, Cluj-Napoca, 401015, Romania. .,Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, 40015, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tatay E, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Cytotoxic effects of zearalenone and its metabolites and antioxidant cell defense in CHO-K1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:43-9. [PMID: 27465603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) and its metabolites (α-zearalenol; α-ZOL, β-zearalenol; β-ZOL) are secondary metabolites of Fusarium fungi that produce cell injury. The present study explores mycotoxin-induced cell damage and cellular protection mechanisms in CHO-K1 cells. Cytotoxicity has been determined by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage. ROS production was determined using the fluorescein assay and DNA strand breakage by comet assay. Intracellular protection systems were glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results demonstrated that all mycotoxins increased the ROS levels up to 5.3-fold the control levels in CHO-K1 cells. Zearalenone metabolites, but not ZEA, increased DNA damage 43% (α-ZOL) and 28% (β-ZOL) compared to control cells. The GSH levels decreased from 18% to 36%. The GPx and SOD activities respectively increased from 26% to 62% and from 23% to 69% in CHO-K1 cells, whereas CAT activity decreased from 14% to 52%. In addition, intracellular ROS production was induced by ZEA and its metabolites. The endogenous antioxidant system components GSH, GPx and SOD were activated against ZEA and its metabolites. These antioxidant system components thus could contribute to decrease cell injury by ZEA and its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tatay
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dep. Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dep. Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jose Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dep. Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Appropriateness to set a group health‐based guidance value for zearalenone and its modified forms. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
32
|
Kurdyukov S, Bullock M. DNA Methylation Analysis: Choosing the Right Method. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5010003. [PMID: 26751487 PMCID: PMC4810160 DOI: 10.3390/biology5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the burgeoning field of epigenetics, there are several methods available to determine the methylation status of DNA samples. However, choosing the method that is best suited to answering a particular biological question still proves to be a difficult task. This review aims to provide biologists, particularly those new to the field of epigenetics, with a simple algorithm to help guide them in the selection of the most appropriate assay to meet their research needs. First of all, we have separated all methods into two categories: those that are used for: (1) the discovery of unknown epigenetic changes; and (2) the assessment of DNA methylation within particular regulatory regions/genes of interest. The techniques are then scrutinized and ranked according to their robustness, high throughput capabilities and cost. This review includes the majority of methods available to date, but with a particular focus on commercially available kits or other simple and straightforward solutions that have proven to be useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kurdyukov
- Genomics Core facility, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia.
| | - Martyn Bullock
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lai FN, Ma JY, Liu JC, Wang JJ, Cheng SF, Sun XF, Li L, Li B, Nyachoti CM, Shen W. The influence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on damage of porcine oocyte exposed to zearalenone in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:341-8. [PMID: 26386189 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi, impacts porcine reproduction by interfering with the estrogen signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that ZEA inhibits porcine oocyte maturation through the formation of aberrant spindle. To explore the effect of ZEA on porcine oocyte meiotic maturation, the extent of both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation was examined in this study. Compared with control group, presence of ZEA (3 μM) during oocyte maturation, significantly inhibited the polar body extrusions from 71% to 51%, and significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (12.01 vs. 5.89). Intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in ZEA treatment group was lower than in the control group (1.08 pmol/oocyte vs. 0.18 pmol/oocyte), and cortical granules of cortical area distributed oocytes were reduced (88% vs. 62%). ZEA decreases cumulus expansion in both morphology and mRNA level (HAS2, PTX3, TNFAIP6 and CX43). Addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) to the oocyte maturation media reversed the ZEA-induced inhibition of polar body extrusion (from 69% to 81%), up-regulated ROS (from 7.9 to 6.5), down-regulated GSH content (from 0.16 to 0.82 pmol/oocyte) and recovered cumulus cells expansion in morphology and mRNA level. It is concluded that ZEA affects both oocyte nucleus and cytoplasmic maturation during in vitro maturation, and NAC can reverse these damages to some extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Nong Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bo Li
- Chengguo Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Laizhou 261437, China
| | | | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Food contaminant zearalenone and its metabolites affect cytokine synthesis and intestinal epithelial integrity of porcine cells. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1979-88. [PMID: 26035492 PMCID: PMC4488685 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7061979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is the first barrier against food contaminants. Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin that was identified as a common contaminant of cereal grains and food and feedstuffs. In the present study, we have investigated the in vitro effects of ZEN and some of its metabolites (α-ZOL, β-ZOL) in concentrations of 10–100 µM on a swine epithelial cell line: Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1). We demonstrated that both ZEN metabolites were more toxic for IPEC cells as resulted from the XTT test, while for doses lower than 10 µM, only β-ZOL showed a more pronounced cytotoxicity versus epithelial cells as resulted from neutral red assay. ZEN has no effect on TER values, while α-ZOL significantly decreased the TER values, starting with day 4 of treatment. β-ZOL had a dual effect, firstly it induced a significant increase of TER, and then, starting on day 6, it induced a dramatic decrease of TER values as compared with on day 0. Concerning the cytokine synthesis, our results showed that ZEN has a tendency to increase the synthesis of IL-8 and IL-10. By contrast, α- and β-ZOL decreased the expression of both IL-8 and IL-10, in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, our results showed that ZEN and its metabolites differently affected porcine intestinal cell viability, transepithelial resistance and cytokine synthesis with important implication for gut health.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu K, Liu X, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Zearalenone induces oxidative damage involving Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in hepatic L02 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
36
|
Han J, Wang T, Fu L, Shi LY, Zhu CC, Liu J, Zhang Y, Cui XS, Kim NH, Sun SC. Altered oxidative stress, apoptosis/autophagy, and epigenetic modifications in Zearalenone-treated porcine oocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ZEN affected porcine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis occurred. Aberrant epigenetic modifications were also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Le Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Liang-Yu Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju
- Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju
- Korea
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mukherjee D, Royce SG, Alexander JA, Buckley B, Isukapalli SS, Bandera EV, Zarbl H, Georgopoulos PG. Physiologically-based toxicokinetic modeling of zearalenone and its metabolites: application to the Jersey girl study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113632. [PMID: 25474635 PMCID: PMC4256163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a fungal mycotoxin, and its metabolite zeranol (ZAL) are known estrogen agonists in mammals, and are found as contaminants in food. Zeranol, which is more potent than ZEA and comparable in potency to estradiol, is also added as a growth additive in beef in the US and Canada. This article presents the development and application of a Physiologically-Based Toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for ZEA and ZAL and their primary metabolites, zearalenol, zearalanone, and their conjugated glucuronides, for rats and for human subjects. The PBTK modeling study explicitly simulates critical metabolic pathways in the gastrointestinal and hepatic systems. Metabolic events such as dehydrogenation and glucuronidation of the chemicals, which have direct effects on the accumulation and elimination of the toxic compounds, have been quantified. The PBTK model considers urinary and fecal excretion and biliary recirculation and compares the predicted biomarkers of blood, urinary and fecal concentrations with published in vivo measurements in rats and human subjects. Additionally, the toxicokinetic model has been coupled with a novel probabilistic dietary exposure model and applied to the Jersey Girl Study (JGS), which involved measurement of mycoestrogens as urinary biomarkers, in a cohort of young girls in New Jersey, USA. A probabilistic exposure characterization for the study population has been conducted and the predicted urinary concentrations have been compared to measurements considering inter-individual physiological and dietary variability. The in vivo measurements from the JGS fall within the high and low predicted distributions of biomarker values corresponding to dietary exposure estimates calculated by the probabilistic modeling system. The work described here is the first of its kind to present a comprehensive framework developing estimates of potential exposures to mycotoxins and linking them with biologically relevant doses and biomarker measurements, including a systematic characterization of uncertainties in exposure and dose estimation for a vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Mukherjee
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Royce
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn A. Alexander
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sastry S. Isukapalli
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Panos G. Georgopoulos
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|